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Article(id=1325521300055270238, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, issueId=1325521023759691810, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2025220, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1741104000000, receivedDateStr=2025-03-05, revisedDate=1747584000000, revisedDateStr=2025-05-19, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1793958504928, onlineDateStr=2026-11-06, pubDate=1753372800000, pubDateStr=2025-07-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1793958504928, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-11-06, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1793958504928, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1793958504928, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1325521023759691810, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, year='2025', volume='46', issue='7', pageStart='913', pageEnd='1064', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1753372800000', pubDateStr='2025-07-25', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1793958439054, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1793958439054, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext=null, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=985, endPage=988, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1325521302215336800, articleId=1325521300055270238, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, language=EN, title=Differences and related factors of preschool children's evaluation by parents and teachers using the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire, columnId=1259565855189418448, journalTitle=Chinese Journal of School Health, columnName=Mental Health, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

To explore differences in the factors influencing parents' and teachers' assessments of preschool children's mental health using the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ), so as to provide reference for promoting children's mental health.

Methods

A retrospective analysis was conducted on the SDQ survey data of 14 763 middle and senior kindergarten children in Nanshan District, Shenzhen, from March to June 2023. Chi-square χ2 tests were used to analyze differences in mental health assessments between parents and teachers. Multivariate Logistic regression was employed to examine the factors influencing parental assessments, and Kappa coefficients were used to evaluate the consistency between parent and teacher evaluations.

Results

The positive rate of mental health problems reported by parents (7.2%) was significantly higher than that reported by teachers (6.2%) (χ2=254.27, P < 0.01). Gender differences revealed that parents reported a lower positive rate for boys (7.9%) compared to teachers (8.5%), whereas for girls, the parental positive rate (6.4%) was higher than that reported by teachers (3.8%) (χ2=163.59, 81.26, all P < 0.01). Age-related differences showed that parental positive rates for 4, 5, and 6-year-olds (8.5%, 7.4%, 5.8%) were consistently higher than teachers' assessments (6.3%, 6.7%, 5.4%) (χ2=41.23, 157.53, 63.67, all P < 0.05). Univariate analysis of parental assessments indicated higher positive rates among boys (7.9%), 4-year-olds (8.5%), mothers aged 20-35 (6.6%), mothers with high school education or below (9.8%), fathers aged 23-40 (6.4%), fathers with high school education or below (10.3%), and children exposed to secondhand smoke (7.9%) (χ2=23.56-235.24, all P < 0.01). Multivariate Logistic regression identified lower parental education levels and exposure to secondhand smoke as significant risk factors for abnormal SDQ assessments by parents (χ2=2.05, 1.62, 3.15, all P < 0.05). The Kappa coefficients for parent-teacher agreement across SDQ subscales and total difficulties ranged from 0.04 to 0.12 (all P < 0.01).

Conclusions

Parental education level and exposure to secondhand smoke are significant factors influencing preschool children's mental health. Differences exist between parental and teacher assessments of children's mental health, and incorporating teacher evaluations can provide a more comprehensive understanding of preschoolers' psychological well-being.

, authors=Lu WANG, Huiqian LEI, Yanxian CHEN, Liqun LIU, Yufang XIE*, authorsList=Lu WANG, Huiqian LEI, Yanxian CHEN, Liqun LIU, Yufang XIE, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Yufang XIE, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=Copyright ©2025 Chinese Journal of School Health. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1325521303800783714, articleId=1325521300055270238, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, language=CN, title=学龄前儿童长处和困难问卷父母与教师评价差异及其相关因素, columnId=1259565858817491410, journalTitle=中国学校卫生, columnName=心理卫生, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
目的

探讨家长与教师使用长处和困难问卷(SDQ)评价学龄前儿童心理健康的差异及影响因素，为促进儿童心理健康提供参考。

方法

回顾性分析深圳南山区2023年3—6月14 763名中、大班幼儿的SDQ调查数据。采用χ2检验分析父母与教师对幼儿心理健康问题评价差异性，采用多因素Logistic回归分析影响父母评价因素，采用Kappa系数检验父母与教师评价的一致性。

结果

父母评价的学龄前儿童心理卫生问题阳性率(7.2%)高于教师评价(6.2%)(χ2=254.27，P < 0.01)。性别差异中，父母评价男童的心理卫生问题阳性率(7.9%)低于教师(8.5%)，而女童(6.4%)则高于教师评价(3.8%)(χ2值分别为163.59，81.26，P值均 < 0.01)。年龄差异中，父母评价的4，5，6岁学龄前儿童心理卫生问题阳性率(8.5%，7.4%，5.8%)均高于教师评价(6.3%，6.7%，5.4%)(χ2值分别为41.23，157.53，63.67，P值均 < 0.05)。父母评价的单因素分析显示，男童(7.9%)、4岁(8.5%)、母亲年龄20~35岁(6.6%)、母亲学历为高中及以下(9.8%)、父亲年龄23~40岁(6.4%)、父亲学历为高中及以下(10.3%)、接触二手烟的学龄前儿童心理卫生问题阳性率(7.9%)均较高(χ2=23.56~235.24，P值均 < 0.01)。多因素Logistic回归分析显示，母亲/父亲学历较低、幼儿接触二手烟均是SDQ父母评价异常的风险因素(OR值分别为2.05，1.62，3.15，P值均 < 0.05)。父母与教师评价在SDQ各因子及困难总分的Kappa系数分别为0.04~0.12(P值均 < 0.01)。

结论

父母学历和接触二手烟是学龄前儿童心理健康的相关因素。父母与教师对幼儿心理健康问题的评价存在差异，父母和教师评价相结合能更全面地了解幼儿心理健康状况。

, authors=王鹭, 雷晖倩, 陈艳贤, 刘立群, 谢雨芳*, authorsList=王鹭, 雷晖倩, 陈艳贤, 刘立群, 谢雨芳, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=谢雨芳, authorNote=

王鹭(1986-), 女, 广西合浦人, 硕士, 副主任医师, 主要从事儿童保健工作

, correspAuthorsNote=
谢雨芳，E-mail:
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Psychometric properties of the parent and teacher versions of the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire for 4- to 12-year-old: a review[J]. Clin Child Fam Psychol Rev, 2010, 13(3): 254-274., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1325521319722361751, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, articleId=1325521300055270238, awardId=null, language=CN, fundingSource=深圳市南山区"高层次医学团队引进"资助项目(202408); 深圳市南山区卫生科技计划项目(NS2023109), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1325521304312488805, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, articleId=1325521300055270238, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1325521304320877414, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, articleId=1325521300055270238, companyId=1325521304312488805, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=Shenzhen Nanshan Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Shenzhen 518067, Guangdong Province, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1325521304329266023, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, articleId=1325521300055270238, companyId=1325521304312488805, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=广东省深圳市南山区妇幼保健院, 518067)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1325521316081705870, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, articleId=1325521300055270238, language=EN, label=Tab.1, caption=

Comparison of positive screening rates for preschool children's mental health problems between parent and teacher evaluations in different genders

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
性别版本统计值情绪症状品行问题多动同伴交往问题亲社会行为困难总分
男父母330(4.2)645(8.3)913(11.7)1 157(14.8)510(6.5)616(7.9)
(n=7 812)教师107(1.4)612(7.8)995(12.7)413(5.3)910(11.6)660(8.4)
χ2值30.05119.08262.9756.6349.33163.59
P值< 0.01< 0.01< 0.01< 0.01< 0.01< 0.01
女父母373(5.4)478(6.9)598(8.6)774(11.1)240(3.5)447(6.4)
(n=6 951)教师117(1.7)269(3.9)248(3.6)253(3.6)459(6.6)262(3.8)
χ2值34.5665.99121.1857.2520.2081.26
P值< 0.01< 0.01< 0.01< 0.01< 0.01< 0.01
), ArticleFig(id=1325521316375307151, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, articleId=1325521300055270238, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

不同性别儿童家长与教师评价学龄前儿童心理卫生问题筛查阳性率比较

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
性别版本统计值情绪症状品行问题多动同伴交往问题亲社会行为困难总分
男父母330(4.2)645(8.3)913(11.7)1 157(14.8)510(6.5)616(7.9)
(n=7 812)教师107(1.4)612(7.8)995(12.7)413(5.3)910(11.6)660(8.4)
χ2值30.05119.08262.9756.6349.33163.59
P值< 0.01< 0.01< 0.01< 0.01< 0.01< 0.01
女父母373(5.4)478(6.9)598(8.6)774(11.1)240(3.5)447(6.4)
(n=6 951)教师117(1.7)269(3.9)248(3.6)253(3.6)459(6.6)262(3.8)
χ2值34.5665.99121.1857.2520.2081.26
P值< 0.01< 0.01< 0.01< 0.01< 0.01< 0.01
), ArticleFig(id=1325521316828291984, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, articleId=1325521300055270238, language=EN, label=Tab.2, caption=

Comparison of positive screening rates for preschool children's mental health problems between parent and teacher evaluations in different age groups

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
年龄/岁版本统计值情绪症状品行问题多动同伴交往问题亲社会行为困难总分
4父母190(5.3)319(8.9)410(11.5)505(14.1)248(6.9)304(8.5)
(n=3 578)教师57(1.6)189(5.3)331(9.3)170(4.8)480(13.5)226(6.3)
χ2值11.0150.71103.2242.6719.3741.23
P值0.03< 0.01< 0.01< 0.01< 0.01< 0.01
5父母325(4.6)550(7.7)748(10.5)935(13.2)326(4.6)524(7.4)
(n=7 120)教师102(1.4)452(6.3)581(8.2)338(4.8)596(8.4)476(6.7)
χ2值31.39104.37246.2642.4247.93157.53
P值< 0.01< 0.01< 0.01< 0.01< 0.01< 0.01
6父母188(4.6)254(6.2)353(8.7)491(12.1)176(4.3)235(5.8)
(n=4 065)教师65(1.6)240(5.9)331(8.1)158(3.9)293(7.2)220(5.4)
χ2值17.2242.54101.6642.1316.6963.67
P值< 0.01< 0.01< 0.01< 0.01< 0.01< 0.01
), ArticleFig(id=1325521317218362257, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, articleId=1325521300055270238, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

不同年龄儿童父母与教师评价学龄前儿童心理卫生问题筛查阳性率比较

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
年龄/岁版本统计值情绪症状品行问题多动同伴交往问题亲社会行为困难总分
4父母190(5.3)319(8.9)410(11.5)505(14.1)248(6.9)304(8.5)
(n=3 578)教师57(1.6)189(5.3)331(9.3)170(4.8)480(13.5)226(6.3)
χ2值11.0150.71103.2242.6719.3741.23
P值0.03< 0.01< 0.01< 0.01< 0.01< 0.01
5父母325(4.6)550(7.7)748(10.5)935(13.2)326(4.6)524(7.4)
(n=7 120)教师102(1.4)452(6.3)581(8.2)338(4.8)596(8.4)476(6.7)
χ2值31.39104.37246.2642.4247.93157.53
P值< 0.01< 0.01< 0.01< 0.01< 0.01< 0.01
6父母188(4.6)254(6.2)353(8.7)491(12.1)176(4.3)235(5.8)
(n=4 065)教师65(1.6)240(5.9)331(8.1)158(3.9)293(7.2)220(5.4)
χ2值17.2242.54101.6642.1316.6963.67
P值< 0.01< 0.01< 0.01< 0.01< 0.01< 0.01
), ArticleFig(id=1325521317629404050, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, articleId=1325521300055270238, language=EN, label=Tab.3, caption=

Single factor analysis of parents' evaluation of psychological health problems in preschool children

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
组别选项人数阳性人数χ2值P值
儿童性别男7 812616(7.9)23.56< 0.01
女6 951447(6.4)
儿童年龄/岁43 578304(8.5)55.25< 0.01
57 120524(7.4)
64 065235(5.8)
独生子女否8 415555(6.6)0.820.67
是6 348411(6.5)
户籍本地9 874878(8.9)2.540.28
非本地4 889471(9.6)
母亲年龄/岁20~3512 529838(6.6)45.75< 0.01
>352 234130(5.8)
母亲学历高中及以下3 997392(9.8)235.24< 0.01
大专/本科9 002441(4.9)
研究生及以上1 76458(3.3)
父亲年龄/岁23~4013 333853(6.4)27.45< 0.01
>401 43078(5.5)
父亲学历高中及以下3 994411(10.3)178.02< 0.01
大专/本科9 195561(6.1)
研究生及以上1 57463(4.0)
家庭类型核心家庭6 616430(6.5)7.350.12
大家庭7 966605(7.6)
其他18115(8.4)
接触二手烟无10 650596(5.6)71.59< 0.01
有4 113325(7.9)
), ArticleFig(id=1325521317692318611, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, articleId=1325521300055270238, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

父母评价学龄前儿童心理卫生问题相关因素的单因素分析

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
组别选项人数阳性人数χ2值P值
儿童性别男7 812616(7.9)23.56< 0.01
女6 951447(6.4)
儿童年龄/岁43 578304(8.5)55.25< 0.01
57 120524(7.4)
64 065235(5.8)
独生子女否8 415555(6.6)0.820.67
是6 348411(6.5)
户籍本地9 874878(8.9)2.540.28
非本地4 889471(9.6)
母亲年龄/岁20~3512 529838(6.6)45.75< 0.01
>352 234130(5.8)
母亲学历高中及以下3 997392(9.8)235.24< 0.01
大专/本科9 002441(4.9)
研究生及以上1 76458(3.3)
父亲年龄/岁23~4013 333853(6.4)27.45< 0.01
>401 43078(5.5)
父亲学历高中及以下3 994411(10.3)178.02< 0.01
大专/本科9 195561(6.1)
研究生及以上1 57463(4.0)
家庭类型核心家庭6 616430(6.5)7.350.12
大家庭7 966605(7.6)
其他18115(8.4)
接触二手烟无10 650596(5.6)71.59< 0.01
有4 113325(7.9)
), ArticleFig(id=1325521318036251540, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, articleId=1325521300055270238, language=EN, label=Tab.4, caption=

Logistic regression analysis of factors related of parental evaluations to preschool children's mental health problems (n=14 763)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
自变量选项β值标准误Wald χ2值P值OR值(95%CI)
儿童年龄/岁41.00
5-0.440.195.150.020.41(0.18~0.87)
6-0.450.186.410.010.32(0.09~0.59)
母亲学历研究生及以上1.00
大专/本科0.360.127.890.011.42(1.09~1.83)
高中及以下0.720.1321.94< 0.012.05(1.61~2.63)
父亲学历研究生及以上1.00
大专/本科0.360.193.630.061.43(0.99~2.06)
高中及以下0.890.1512.03< 0.011.62(1.23~2.14)
接触二手烟无1.00
有1.150.2915.17< 0.013.15(1.77~5.61)
), ArticleFig(id=1325521319592338326, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, articleId=1325521300055270238, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

父母评价学龄前儿童心理卫生问题相关因素的Logistic回归分析(n=14 763)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
自变量选项β值标准误Wald χ2值P值OR值(95%CI)
儿童年龄/岁41.00
5-0.440.195.150.020.41(0.18~0.87)
6-0.450.186.410.010.32(0.09~0.59)
母亲学历研究生及以上1.00
大专/本科0.360.127.890.011.42(1.09~1.83)
高中及以下0.720.1321.94< 0.012.05(1.61~2.63)
父亲学历研究生及以上1.00
大专/本科0.360.193.630.061.43(0.99~2.06)
高中及以下0.890.1512.03< 0.011.62(1.23~2.14)
接触二手烟无1.00
有1.150.2915.17< 0.013.15(1.77~5.61)
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学龄前儿童长处和困难问卷父母与教师评价差异及其相关因素
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王鹭 , 雷晖倩 , 陈艳贤 , 刘立群 , 谢雨芳 *
中国学校卫生 | 心理卫生 2025,46(7): 985-988
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中国学校卫生 |心理卫生 2025 , 46 (7) : 985 -988
学龄前儿童长处和困难问卷父母与教师评价差异及其相关因素
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王鹭, 雷晖倩, 陈艳贤, 刘立群, 谢雨芳*
作者信息
  • 广东省深圳市南山区妇幼保健院, 518067
通讯作者:
谢雨芳，E-mail:
作者简介:

王鹭(1986-), 女, 广西合浦人, 硕士, 副主任医师, 主要从事儿童保健工作

Differences and related factors of preschool children's evaluation by parents and teachers using the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire
Lu WANG, Huiqian LEI, Yanxian CHEN, Liqun LIU, Yufang XIE*
Affiliations
  • Shenzhen Nanshan Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Shenzhen 518067, Guangdong Province, China
出版时间: 2025-07-25 doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2025220
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摘要
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目的

探讨家长与教师使用长处和困难问卷(SDQ)评价学龄前儿童心理健康的差异及影响因素，为促进儿童心理健康提供参考。

方法

回顾性分析深圳南山区2023年3—6月14 763名中、大班幼儿的SDQ调查数据。采用χ2检验分析父母与教师对幼儿心理健康问题评价差异性，采用多因素Logistic回归分析影响父母评价因素，采用Kappa系数检验父母与教师评价的一致性。

结果

父母评价的学龄前儿童心理卫生问题阳性率(7.2%)高于教师评价(6.2%)(χ2=254.27，P < 0.01)。性别差异中，父母评价男童的心理卫生问题阳性率(7.9%)低于教师(8.5%)，而女童(6.4%)则高于教师评价(3.8%)(χ2值分别为163.59，81.26，P值均 < 0.01)。年龄差异中，父母评价的4，5，6岁学龄前儿童心理卫生问题阳性率(8.5%，7.4%，5.8%)均高于教师评价(6.3%，6.7%，5.4%)(χ2值分别为41.23，157.53，63.67，P值均 < 0.05)。父母评价的单因素分析显示，男童(7.9%)、4岁(8.5%)、母亲年龄20~35岁(6.6%)、母亲学历为高中及以下(9.8%)、父亲年龄23~40岁(6.4%)、父亲学历为高中及以下(10.3%)、接触二手烟的学龄前儿童心理卫生问题阳性率(7.9%)均较高(χ2=23.56~235.24，P值均 < 0.01)。多因素Logistic回归分析显示，母亲/父亲学历较低、幼儿接触二手烟均是SDQ父母评价异常的风险因素(OR值分别为2.05，1.62，3.15，P值均 < 0.05)。父母与教师评价在SDQ各因子及困难总分的Kappa系数分别为0.04~0.12(P值均 < 0.01)。

结论

父母学历和接触二手烟是学龄前儿童心理健康的相关因素。父母与教师对幼儿心理健康问题的评价存在差异，父母和教师评价相结合能更全面地了解幼儿心理健康状况。

精神卫生  /  问卷调查  /  回归分析  /  儿童, 学龄前
Objective

To explore differences in the factors influencing parents' and teachers' assessments of preschool children's mental health using the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ), so as to provide reference for promoting children's mental health.

Methods

A retrospective analysis was conducted on the SDQ survey data of 14 763 middle and senior kindergarten children in Nanshan District, Shenzhen, from March to June 2023. Chi-square χ2 tests were used to analyze differences in mental health assessments between parents and teachers. Multivariate Logistic regression was employed to examine the factors influencing parental assessments, and Kappa coefficients were used to evaluate the consistency between parent and teacher evaluations.

Results

The positive rate of mental health problems reported by parents (7.2%) was significantly higher than that reported by teachers (6.2%) (χ2=254.27, P < 0.01). Gender differences revealed that parents reported a lower positive rate for boys (7.9%) compared to teachers (8.5%), whereas for girls, the parental positive rate (6.4%) was higher than that reported by teachers (3.8%) (χ2=163.59, 81.26, all P < 0.01). Age-related differences showed that parental positive rates for 4, 5, and 6-year-olds (8.5%, 7.4%, 5.8%) were consistently higher than teachers' assessments (6.3%, 6.7%, 5.4%) (χ2=41.23, 157.53, 63.67, all P < 0.05). Univariate analysis of parental assessments indicated higher positive rates among boys (7.9%), 4-year-olds (8.5%), mothers aged 20-35 (6.6%), mothers with high school education or below (9.8%), fathers aged 23-40 (6.4%), fathers with high school education or below (10.3%), and children exposed to secondhand smoke (7.9%) (χ2=23.56-235.24, all P < 0.01). Multivariate Logistic regression identified lower parental education levels and exposure to secondhand smoke as significant risk factors for abnormal SDQ assessments by parents (χ2=2.05, 1.62, 3.15, all P < 0.05). The Kappa coefficients for parent-teacher agreement across SDQ subscales and total difficulties ranged from 0.04 to 0.12 (all P < 0.01).

Conclusions

Parental education level and exposure to secondhand smoke are significant factors influencing preschool children's mental health. Differences exist between parental and teacher assessments of children's mental health, and incorporating teacher evaluations can provide a more comprehensive understanding of preschoolers' psychological well-being.

Mental health  /  Questionnaires  /  Regression analysis  /  Child, preschool
王鹭, 雷晖倩, 陈艳贤, 刘立群, 谢雨芳. 学龄前儿童长处和困难问卷父母与教师评价差异及其相关因素. 中国学校卫生, 2025 , 46 (7) : 985 -988 . DOI: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2025220
Lu WANG, Huiqian LEI, Yanxian CHEN, Liqun LIU, Yufang XIE. Differences and related factors of preschool children's evaluation by parents and teachers using the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire[J]. Chinese Journal of School Health, 2025 , 46 (7) : 985 -988 . DOI: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2025220
正文
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长处和困难问卷(Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire，SDQ)是美国心理学家Goodma于1997年根据《精神疾病诊断与统计手册》第四版(Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition, DSM-IV)和《国际疾病分类》第十版(International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems, 10th Revision, ICD-10)诊断标准设计并编制的问卷[1]，具有简短、便捷的优势，是识别儿童青少年心理健康问题的有效工具。目前该问卷在全球各个地区广泛应用于儿童心理健康问题的调查研究[2-3]、疗效及干预效果评价等[4]。该问卷的父母版、教师版均已推出中文版并修订了常模，可用于学龄前儿童的测量，具有良好的信度和效度[5]。国内研究中常使用SDQ父母版评价儿童的心理健康问题。本研究拟使用SDQ的父母版和教师版分别对学龄前儿童进行评估，比较父母和教师应用SDQ评价时所产生的差异性，并分析其影响因素。
1　对象与方法
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1.1　对象
数据来源于深圳市南山区2023年3—6月的学龄前儿童心理筛查资料。研究采用整群抽样的方法，选取在全区216所幼儿园中2023年上半年开展在园体检的90所幼儿园所有中、大班的4岁以上幼儿作为研究对象，共16 795人，最终参与问卷调查的有15 235名。收回有效问卷14 763份，有效回收率为96.9%。其中男童7 812名，女童6 951名；年龄4~6岁，平均(5.03±0.72)岁。家长问卷中，11 358(76.9%)份由母亲填写，3 405(23.1%)份由父亲填写；教师问卷全部由主班教师填写。填写人均签署知情同意书，本研究经深圳市南山区妇幼保健院伦理委员会审批(批号：NSFYEC-LW-2025002)。
1.2　研究工具
采用自编的基本信息问卷及SDQ开展调查。基本信息问卷包括儿童性别、儿童年龄、是否独生子女、户籍、父母年龄、学历、家庭情况、家里是否有人抽烟等。SDQ共有25个条目，每个条目按“不符合、有点符合、完全符合”进行0~2三级评分，其中有5个条目为反向计分。基于这些条目，评估出情绪症状、品行问题、多动、同伴交往问题、亲社会行为5个因子及困难总分。每个因子评定结果按照得分分为“正常”“边缘水平”“异常”3种情况，除亲社会行为外，得分越高说明问题越严重。父母版和教师版问卷可用于4~16岁儿童，由父母和教师对儿童近半年的行为、情绪等方面进行评定。按SDQ父母版与教师版各因子“异常”的划界分[5]，以评为“异常”作为筛查阳性，困难总分评为“异常”视为学龄前儿童心理卫生问题筛查阳性。
1.3　质量控制
儿童保健医生对幼儿园园医进行调查前培训，再由幼儿园园医对父母和教师进行培训。培训结束后，由父母和教师分别填写问卷。家长版本由教师向父母发放调查二维码，父母扫码阅读知情同意书，点击确认后填写幼儿园基本信息并完成量表填写。教师版本由带班半年以上的主班教师在网页版上阅读知情同意书后填写。父母和教师需要正确、完整填写量表后才能提交，如遇逻辑错误则提醒修正。调查完毕后，由2名儿童保健医生对数据进行审核。
1.4　统计学分析
采用SPSS 22.0软件进行统计分析，计量资料用(x ± s)描述，采用频数和率描述儿童心理卫生问题筛查情况。用χ2检验对父母评价与教师评价的SDQ阳性率进行比较，用Kappa系数检验父母评价与教师评价的一致性，采用多因素Logistic回归进行影响因素分析。检验水准α=0.05。
2　结果
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2.1　SDQ父母评价与教师评价的总体情况
学龄前儿童心理卫生问题筛查阳性率父母评价为7.2%(1 063名)，高于教师评价的6.2%(922名)，差异有统计学意义(χ2=254.27，P < 0.01)。按因子条目看，父母评价阳性率由高到低分别是同伴交往问题(13.1%，1 931名)、多动(10.2%，1 511名)、品行问题(7.6%，1 123名)、亲社会行为问题(5.1%，750名)、情绪症状(4.8%，703名)；教师评价阳性率由高到低分别是亲社会行为问题(9.3%，1 368名)、多动(8.4%，1 243名)、品行问题(6.0%，881名)、同伴交往问题(4.5%，666名)、情绪症状(1.5%，224名)。亲社会行为问题教师评价阳性率均高于父母评价(χ2=91.28)，父母评价的情绪症状、品行问题、多动、同伴交往问题阳性率均高于教师评价，差异均有统计学意义(χ2值分别为51.32，190.23，436.59，118.80)(P值均 < 0.01)。
2.2　SDQ在不同性别、年龄学龄前儿童中父母评价与教师评价的比较
从不同性别来看，男童心理卫生问题筛查阳性率在父母评价中为7.9%，低于教师评价的8.4%；从各因子看，父母评价的情绪症状、品行问题、同伴交往问题的阳性率均高于教师评价，而多动和亲社会行为问题的阳性率均低于教师评价，差异均有统计学意义(P值均 < 0.01)。女童阳性率在家长评价中为6.4%，高于教师评价的3.8%；除亲社会行为问题外，各因子的父母评价阳性率均高于教师评价，差异均有统计学意义(P值均 < 0.01)。见表1。
从不同年龄来看，4，5，6岁儿童阳性率在父母评价中分别为8.5%，7.4%，5.8%，均高于教师评价的6.3%，6.7%，5.4%；从各因子看，除亲社会行为问题外，各因子的父母评价阳性率均高于教师评价，差异均有统计学意义(P值均 < 0.05)。见表2。
2.3　SDQ父母评价的单因素分析
见表3。
单因素分析结果显示，不同儿童性别、儿童年龄、父母年龄、父母学历、是否接触二手烟的学龄前儿童父母评价儿童心理卫生问题筛查阳性率差异均有统计学意义(P值均 < 0.01)。
2.4　SDQ父母评价的多因素Logistic回归分析
以“困难总分”是否异常作为因变量(是=1，否=0)，以性别、年龄、是否独生子女、户籍地、父母年龄、父母学历、家庭类型、有无接触二手烟作为自变量，进行多因素Logistic回归分析。采用逐步回归法，以P=0.1作为变量纳入标准，最终儿童年龄、母亲学历、父亲学历、有无接触二手烟4个因素进入回归模型：5，6岁学龄前儿童SDQ评价异常的风险较低；父母学历较低、接触二手烟的学龄前儿童SDQ评价异常的风险较高(P值均 < 0.05)。见表4。
2.5　SDQ父母与教师评价的一致性
分析父母和教师评价一致性的结果显示，情绪症状、品行问题、多动、同伴交往问题、亲社会行为问题及困难总分的Kappa系数分别为0.04，0.07，0.12，0.05，0.05，0.09，均有统计学意义(P值均 < 0.01)。
3　讨论
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使用SDQ对学龄前儿童进行筛查时，父母评价困难总分为“异常”的阳性率高于教师评价，与瑞典的研究结果相似[6]。父母评价中阳性率最高的是同伴交往问题，亲社会行为问题阳性率较低，教师评价的结果则相反。瑞典研究结果则显示在多动和同伴问题中，父母与教师之间的共识最高[7]，与本研究结果不同。从评价者的角度分析，学龄前儿童在父母身边的时候表现出更愿意与家长互动，因而父母可能会认为儿童的同伴交往问题高于亲社会行为问题；而在幼儿园集体生活中，教师能较好地观察到儿童的同伴交往情况，但教师希望儿童之间能互相帮助、分享，因此教师认为儿童的亲社会行为问题高于同伴交往问题。
本研究结果显示，教师评价男童的心理健康问题高于家长，而评价女童时则相反。提示父母和教师在不同的环境中对儿童的期望不同，会影响对儿童的评价[8]。父母在家中与儿童相处，只关注自己的孩子，在评价孩子时可能更容易夸大积极行为，忽视不良行为；而教师在幼儿园中接触的是一群儿童，男童的多动、品行问题更多，教师在评价儿童时可能会有对比，因而报告男童有更多的心理健康问题。
父母评价的多因素Logistic分析显示，父母学历较低、接触二手烟的学龄前儿童心理健康问题风险更高，年龄较长的儿童心理健康问题风险更低，与国内的研究结果相似[9]。高学历父母可能更注重科学的管教方式，儿童的心理健康问题发生率低。接触二手烟使儿童心理健康的风险增加，与国外研究结果相似[10]。大年龄是心理卫生问题的保护因素，可能随年龄增长儿童能更好地适应幼儿园生活，从而情绪和行为问题会逐渐减少。
本研究显示父母与教师评价的一致性不高，与国外的研究结果相似[11]。分析原因，可能是家长和教师对儿童问题行为的理解不同[12]。父母和教师判断儿童行为时可能也会有不同的心态，父母担心不好的评价会影响孩子在学校中教师对孩子的看法，教师也担心自己对孩子的评价会造成家长的不满。因此，按照Goodma的建议，从多方面收集信息来评估儿童的心理健康状况是非常重要的[13]。也有研究表明在分量表水平上，SDQ教师版的可靠性似乎比父母版更强[14]。
本研究存在一定的局限性：未对教师评价的影响因素进行调查分析；另外，父亲与母亲对儿童的评价也可能差异，仍需进一步深入研究。
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  • 深圳市南山区"高层次医学团队引进"资助项目(202408); 深圳市南山区卫生科技计划项目(NS2023109)
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2025年第46卷第7期
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doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2025220
  • 接收时间：2025-03-05
  • 首发时间：2026-11-06
  • 出版时间：2025-07-25
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  • 收稿日期：2025-03-05
  • 修回日期：2025-05-19
基金
深圳市南山区"高层次医学团队引进"资助项目(202408); 深圳市南山区卫生科技计划项目(NS2023109)
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    广东省深圳市南山区妇幼保健院, 518067

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谢雨芳，E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
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Family		 属数
Number of
genus		 种数
Number of
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Percentage of
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Genus		 种数
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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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