Article(id=1325521078294020453, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, issueId=1325521023759691810, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2025218, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1751990400000, receivedDateStr=2025-07-09, revisedDate=1752595200000, revisedDateStr=2025-07-16, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1793958452055, onlineDateStr=2026-11-06, pubDate=1753372800000, pubDateStr=2025-07-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1793958452055, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-11-06, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1793958452055, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1793958452055, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1325521023759691810, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, year='2025', volume='46', issue='7', pageStart='913', pageEnd='1064', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1753372800000', pubDateStr='2025-07-25', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1793958439054, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1793958439054, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext=null, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=913, endPage=916, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1325521079590060391, articleId=1325521078294020453, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, language=EN, title=Improving the level of environmental sanitation and promoting the healthy growth of children, columnId=1325500683172065622, journalTitle=Chinese Journal of School Health, columnName=Editorial, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Effective response to environmental health risks is the key to ensuring the healthy growth of children. The Chinese government has implemented policies, regulations, standards and pollution control measures to promote the overall improvement of children's environmental health. However, facing the still severe traditional and emerging environmental risks, it is still necessary to further integrate multiple resources and carry out precise prevention and control of children's environmental health risks. The paper focuses on both traditional and emerging key environmental health challenges affecting children's health in China, including air pollution from solid fuels, drinking water contamination and escalating threat of climate change; and it offers systematic recommendations across three levels: advancing scientific research, strengthening government policy guidance and implementing actions in schools and communities, aiming to create a safer and healthier growth environment for children.

, authors=Qiang WANG, Can ZHANG, Tiantian LI, authorsList=Qiang WANG, Can ZHANG, Tiantian LI, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=null, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=Copyright ©2025 Chinese Journal of School Health. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1325521082064699752, articleId=1325521078294020453, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, language=CN, title=提升环境卫生水平 促进儿童健康成长, columnId=1325500684380025177, journalTitle=中国学校卫生, columnName=述评, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

有效应对环境健康风险是保障儿童健康成长的关键。中国政府通过政策法规、标准制定和污染治理等措施的实施, 促使儿童环境健康状况总体呈现向好趋势; 但面对仍然严峻的传统和新兴环境风险, 仍需进一步整合多方资源, 开展儿童环境健康风险的精准防控。文章聚焦固体燃料相关空气污染、饮用水污染以及日益严峻的气候变化等影响中国儿童健康传统与新兴的关键环境卫生挑战, 从深化科学研究、强化政府政策引导、落实学校和社区行动3个层面提出系统性建议, 旨在为儿童创造更安全、健康的成长环境。

, authors=王强, 张粲, 李湉湉, authorsList=王强, 张粲, 李湉湉, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=null, authorNote=

王强(1967-), 女, 河北保定人, 博士, 研究员, 主要研究方向为环境流行病

, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=版权所有©《中国学校卫生》编辑部2025, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=DplAFEC5SJQE68ngLnC6Tw==, magXml=2rIV0LKp+wXYgA3k2uLc9Q==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=fkIB5VfeMyP6b3pMCOlmrQ==, pdfFileSize=976912, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=80j8O7YEUcgZPPHv8B3Nbg==, mapNumber=null, fund=null)}, authors=[Author(id=1325521084946186605, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, articleId=1325521078294020453, orderNo=0, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1325521085046849903, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, articleId=1325521078294020453, authorId=1325521084946186605, language=EN, stringName=Qiang WANG, firstName=Qiang, middleName=null, lastName=WANG, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address=National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100021, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1325521085374005616, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, articleId=1325521078294020453, authorId=1325521084946186605, language=CN, stringName=王强, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address=中国疾病预防控制中心环境与健康相关产品安全所, 北京 100021, bio={"content":"

王强(1967-), 女, 河北保定人, 博士, 研究员, 主要研究方向为环境流行病

"}, bioImg=null, bioContent=

王强(1967-), 女, 河北保定人, 博士, 研究员, 主要研究方向为环境流行病

, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1325521084207989097, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, articleId=1325521078294020453, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1325521084518367594, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, articleId=1325521078294020453, companyId=1325521084207989097, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100021, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1325521084530950507, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, articleId=1325521078294020453, companyId=1325521084207989097, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=中国疾病预防控制中心环境与健康相关产品安全所, 北京 100021)])]), Author(id=1325521085445308786, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, articleId=1325521078294020453, orderNo=1, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1325521085785047412, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, articleId=1325521078294020453, authorId=1325521085445308786, language=EN, stringName=Can ZHANG, firstName=Can, middleName=null, lastName=ZHANG, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address=National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100021, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1325521085847961973, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, articleId=1325521078294020453, authorId=1325521085445308786, language=CN, stringName=张粲, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address=中国疾病预防控制中心环境与健康相关产品安全所, 北京 100021, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1325521084207989097, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, articleId=1325521078294020453, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1325521084518367594, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, articleId=1325521078294020453, companyId=1325521084207989097, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100021, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1325521084530950507, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, articleId=1325521078294020453, companyId=1325521084207989097, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=中国疾病预防控制中心环境与健康相关产品安全所, 北京 100021)])]), Author(id=1325521085919265143, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, articleId=1325521078294020453, orderNo=2, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1325521086275780985, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, articleId=1325521078294020453, authorId=1325521085919265143, language=EN, stringName=Tiantian LI, firstName=Tiantian, middleName=null, lastName=LI, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address=National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100021, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1325521086665851258, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, articleId=1325521078294020453, authorId=1325521085919265143, language=CN, stringName=李湉湉, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address=中国疾病预防控制中心环境与健康相关产品安全所, 北京 100021, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1325521084207989097, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, articleId=1325521078294020453, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1325521084518367594, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, articleId=1325521078294020453, companyId=1325521084207989097, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100021, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1325521084530950507, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, articleId=1325521078294020453, companyId=1325521084207989097, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=中国疾病预防控制中心环境与健康相关产品安全所, 北京 100021)])])], keywords=[Keyword(id=1325521088339378555, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, articleId=1325521078294020453, language=EN, orderNo=1, keyword=Environment and public health), Keyword(id=1325521088746226044, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, articleId=1325521078294020453, language=EN, orderNo=2, keyword=Risk factors), Keyword(id=1325521088825917821, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, articleId=1325521078294020453, language=EN, orderNo=3, keyword=Health promotion), Keyword(id=1325521089157267838, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, articleId=1325521078294020453, language=EN, orderNo=4, keyword=Chil), Keyword(id=1325521089236959615, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, articleId=1325521078294020453, language=CN, orderNo=1, keyword=环境和公共卫生), Keyword(id=1325521089576698240, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, articleId=1325521078294020453, language=CN, orderNo=2, keyword=危险因素), Keyword(id=1325521089656390017, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, articleId=1325521078294020453, language=CN, orderNo=3, keyword=健康促进), Keyword(id=1325521089966768514, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, articleId=1325521078294020453, language=CN, orderNo=4, keyword=儿童)], refs=[Reference(id=1325521090386198916, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, articleId=1325521078294020453, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=1, rfOrder=0, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=GLUCKMAN P, HANSON M, COOPER C, et al. Effect of in utero and early-life conditions on adult health and disease[J]. New Engl J Med, 2008, 359(1): 61-73., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1325521090465890693, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, articleId=1325521078294020453, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=2, rfOrder=1, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=HAUPTMAN M, WOOLF A. Childhood ingestions of environmental toxins: what are the risks?[J]. Pediatr Ann, 2017, 46(12): e466-e471., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1325521090809823622, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, articleId=1325521078294020453, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=3, rfOrder=2, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=MOYA J, BEARER C, ETZEL R. Children's behavior and physiology and how it affects exposure to environmental contaminants[J]. Pediatrics, 2004, 113: 996-1006., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1325521090918875527, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, articleId=1325521078294020453, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=4, rfOrder=3, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=PERLROTH N, BRANCO C W. Current knowledge of environmental exposure in children during the sensitive developmental periods[J]. J Pediat-Brazil, 2017, 93: 17-27., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1325521091241836936, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, articleId=1325521078294020453, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=5, rfOrder=4, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation. GBD results[EB/OL]. (2024-05-18)[2025-06-20]. https://vizhub.healthdata.org/gbd-results/., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1325521092932141449, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, articleId=1325521078294020453, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=6, rfOrder=5, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=ALI M, YU Y, YOUSAF B, et al. Health impacts of indoor air pollution from household solid fuel on children and women[J]. J Hazard Mater, 2021, 416: 126-127., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1325521093020221834, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, articleId=1325521078294020453, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=7, rfOrder=6, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=NI K, CARTER E, SCHAUER J, et al. Seasonal variation in outdoor, indoor, and personal air pollution exposures of women using wood stoves in the Tibetan Plateau: baseline assessment for an energy intervention study[J]. Environ Int, 2016, 94: 449-457., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1325521093389320587, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, articleId=1325521078294020453, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=8, rfOrder=7, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=CHEN R, HU B, LIU Y, et al. Beyond PM2.5: the role of ultrafine particles on adverse health effects of air pollution[J]. Biochim Biophys Acta, 2016, 1860(12): 2844-2855., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1325521093741642124, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, articleId=1325521078294020453, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=9, rfOrder=8, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=WOOLLEY K, DICKINSON-CRAIG E, BARTINGTON S E, et al. Effectiveness of interventions to reduce household air pollution from solid biomass fuels and improve maternal and child health outcomes in low-and middle-income countries: a systematic review protocol[J]. Syst Rev, 2021, 10(1): 33., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1325521093812945293, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, articleId=1325521078294020453, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=10, rfOrder=9, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=WANG Y, ZHANG C, ZHANG W, et al. Impact of residential solid fuel usage and fuel conversion on children's lung function[J]. Nat Commun, 2024, 15(1): 9046., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1325521093880054158, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, articleId=1325521078294020453, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=11, rfOrder=10, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=LIANG W, SHEN G, WANG B, et al. Space heating approaches in Chinese schools: results from the first Chinese environmental exposure-related human activity patterns survey-children (CEERHAPS-C)[J]. Energy Sustain Dev, 2020, 56: 33-41., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1325521093942968719, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, articleId=1325521078294020453, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=12, rfOrder=11, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=徐荣彬, 高迪, 王政, 等. 2016年中国学生户外活动时间现状分析[J]. 中国儿童保健杂志, 2018, 26(3): 254-257., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1325521094282707344, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, articleId=1325521078294020453, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=12, rfOrder=12, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=XU R B, GAO D, WANG Z, et al. Analysis of the current status of outdoor activity time of Chinese students in 2016[J]. Chin J Child Health Care, 2018, 26(3): 254-257. (in Chinese), articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1325521094601474449, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, articleId=1325521078294020453, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=13, rfOrder=13, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=JIANG K, XING R, LUO Z, et al. Unclean but affordable solid fuels effectively sustained household energy equity[J]. Nat Commun, 2024, 15(1): 9761., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1325521094676971922, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, articleId=1325521078294020453, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=14, rfOrder=14, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=CHEEK E, GUERCIO V, SHRUBSOLE C, et al. Portable air purification: review of impacts on indoor air quality and health[J]. Sci Total Environ, 2021, 766: 142585., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1325521095020904851, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, articleId=1325521078294020453, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=15, rfOrder=15, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=WHO. Drinking-water[EB/OL]. (2023-09-13)[2025-06-20]. https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/drinking-water., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1325521095096402324, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, articleId=1325521078294020453, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=16, rfOrder=16, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=曾强, 邬堂春. 中国水污染状况及其引起的健康危害与对策[J]. 中华疾病控制杂志, 2023, 27(5): 503-507., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1325521095167705493, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, articleId=1325521078294020453, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=16, rfOrder=17, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=ZENG Q, WU T C. The occurrence of water pollution and its adverse health effects and future countermeasures in China[J]. Chin J Dis Control Prev, 2023, 27(5): 503-507. (in Chinese), articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1325521095423558038, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, articleId=1325521078294020453, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=17, rfOrder=18, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=DING G, GAO Y, KAN H, et al. Environmental exposure and child health in China[J]. Environ Int, 2024, 187: 108722., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1325521097210331543, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, articleId=1325521078294020453, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=18, rfOrder=19, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=GONG L, YANG Q, LIU C, et al. Assessment of 12 essential and toxic elements in whole blood of pregnant and non-pregnant women living in Wuhan of China[J]. Biol Trace Elem Res, 2021, 199: 2121-2130., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1325521097604596120, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, articleId=1325521078294020453, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=19, rfOrder=20, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=LUO Q, ZHAO H, JIANG Y, et al. Association of blood metal exposure with testosterone and hemoglobin: a cross-sectional study in Hangzhou Birth Cohort Study[J]. Environ Int, 2020, 136: 105451., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1325521098015637913, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, articleId=1325521078294020453, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=20, rfOrder=21, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=XU P, FENG L, XU D, et al. Ribosomal DNA copy number associated with blood metal levels in school-age children: a follow-up study on a municipal waste incinerator in Zhejiang, China[J]. Chemosphere, 2022, 307: 135676., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1325521098783195546, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, articleId=1325521078294020453, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=21, rfOrder=22, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=张嘉治, 王海泽, 王绍斌. 我国饮用水污染现状及防治对策[J]. 沈阳农业大学学报, 2003, 4(6): 460-463., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1325521099206820251, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, articleId=1325521078294020453, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=21, rfOrder=23, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=ZHANG J Y, WANG H Z, WANG S B. The strategy and pollution status of drinking water in China[J]. J Shenyang Agric Univ, 2003, 4(6): 460-463. (in Chinese), articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1325521099290706332, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, articleId=1325521078294020453, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=22, rfOrder=24, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=SHI X. The safety of drinking water in China: current status and future prospects[J]. China CDC Weekly, 2020, 2(13): 210., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1325521099710136733, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, articleId=1325521078294020453, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=23, rfOrder=25, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=杨克敌, 郑玉建, 郭新彪, 等. 环境卫生学[M]. 8版. 北京: 人民卫生出版社, 2019., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1325521101731791262, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, articleId=1325521078294020453, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=23, rfOrder=26, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=YANG K D, ZHENG Y J, GUO X B, et al. Environmental hygiene[M]. 8 ed. Beijing: People's Medical Publishing House, 2019. (in Chinese), articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1325521102138638751, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, articleId=1325521078294020453, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=24, rfOrder=27, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=国家疾病预防控制局. 学校及托幼机构饮水设施卫生规范:, articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1325521102641955232, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, articleId=1325521078294020453, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=24, rfOrder=28, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=WS 10014—2023[S]. 2024-05-01. National Disease Control and Prevention Administration. Health standard of drinking water facilities in schools and kindergartens: WS 10014-2023[S]. 2024-05-01. (in Chinese), articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1325521103040414113, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, articleId=1325521078294020453, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=25, rfOrder=29, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=UN. Water, sanitation and hygiene(WASH)[EB/OL]. (2022-07-14)[2025-06-20]. https://www.unwater.org/water-facts/wash-water-sanitation-and-hygiene., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1325521103820554658, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, articleId=1325521078294020453, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=26, rfOrder=30, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=UNICEF. Strategy for water, sanitation and hygiene 2016-2030[R]. NY, USA: UNICEF, 2016., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1325521104227402147, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, articleId=1325521078294020453, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=27, rfOrder=31, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=MASSON-DELMOTTE V, ZHAI P, PIRANI A, et al. Climate change 2021: the physical science basis. Contribution of working group I to the sixth assessment report of the intergovernmental panel on climate change[R]. Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA: Cambridge University Press, 2021., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1325521104671998372, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, articleId=1325521078294020453, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=28, rfOrder=32, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=中国气象局气候变化中心. 中国气候变化蓝皮书2024[M]. 北京: 科学出版社, 2024., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1325521106358108582, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, articleId=1325521078294020453, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=28, rfOrder=33, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=China Meteorological Administration Climate Change Center. Blue book on climate change in China 2024[M]. Beijing: Science Press, 2024. (in Chinese), articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1325521106777538983, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, articleId=1325521078294020453, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=29, rfOrder=34, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=WEEDA L, BRADSHAW C, JUDGE M, et al. How climate change degrades child health: a systematic review and Meta-analysis[J]. Sci Total Environ, 2024, 920: 170944., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1325521106861425065, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, articleId=1325521078294020453, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=30, rfOrder=35, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=PASCAL M, LAAIDI K, LEDRANS M, et al. France's heat health watch warning system[J]. Int J Biometeorol, 2006, 50: 144-153., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1325521107272466858, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, articleId=1325521078294020453, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=31, rfOrder=36, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=NOGUEIRA P J. Examples of heat health warning systems: Lisbon's ÍCARO's surveillance system, summer of 2003[A]//Extreme weather events and public health responses. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer, 2005: 219-231., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1325521108031635883, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, articleId=1325521078294020453, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=32, rfOrder=37, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=MCGREGOR G, BESSEMOULIN P, EBI K, et al. Heatwaves and health: guidance on warning-system development[M]. Geneva, Switzerland: World Meteorological Organization, 2015., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1325521108098744748, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, articleId=1325521078294020453, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=33, rfOrder=38, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=FOUILLET A, REY G, WAGNER V, et al. Has the impact of heat waves on mortality changed in France since the European heat wave of summer 2003? A study of the 2006 heat wave[J]. Int J Epidemiol, 2008, 37(2): 309-317., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1325521108497203629, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, articleId=1325521078294020453, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=34, rfOrder=39, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=EBI K L, TEISBERG T J, KALKSTEIN L S, et al. Heat watch/warning systems save lives: estimated costs and benefits for Philadelphia 1995-1998[J]. B Am Meteorol Soc, 2004, 85(8): 1067-1074., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1325521108870496686, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, articleId=1325521078294020453, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=35, rfOrder=40, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=中华人民共和国全国人民代表大会常务委员会. 中华人民共和国环境保护法[Z]. 北京, 2015-01-01., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1325521108929216943, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, articleId=1325521078294020453, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=35, rfOrder=41, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Standing Committee of the National People's Congress. Environmental protection law of the PRC[Z]. Beijing, 2015-01-01. (in Chinese), articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1325521110611132848, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, articleId=1325521078294020453, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=36, rfOrder=42, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=中华人民共和国国务院关于印发中国妇女发展纲要和中国儿童发展纲要的通知[EB/OL]. (2011-07-30)[2025-06-20]. https://www.gov.cn/gongbao/content/2011/content_1927200.htm., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1325521110959260081, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, articleId=1325521078294020453, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=37, rfOrder=43, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=中华人民共和国国务院关于印发中国妇女发展纲要和中国儿童发展纲要的通知[EB/OL]. (2021-09-06)[2025-06-20]. https://www.gov.cn/zhengce/content/2021-09/27/content_5639412.htm., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1325521111412244914, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, articleId=1325521078294020453, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=38, rfOrder=44, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=中华人民共和国国家发展改革委员会. 关于推进儿童友好城市建设的指导意见[EB/OL]. (2021-09-30)[2025-06-20]. https://www.gov.cn/zhengce/zhengceku/2021-10/21/content_5643976.htm., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1325521111785537971, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, articleId=1325521078294020453, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=39, rfOrder=45, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=中华人民共和国国家市场监督管理总局办公厅关于进一步加强儿童用品质量安全监管工作的通知[EB/OL]. (2018-10-30)[2025-06-20]. https://www.gov.cn/zhengce/zhengceku/2018-12/31/content_5450889.htm., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1325521111865229748, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, articleId=1325521078294020453, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=40, rfOrder=46, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=中华人民共和国国家卫生健康委员会发布50项新食品安全国家标准[EB/OL]. (2025-03-27)[2025-06-20]. https://www.nhc.gov.cn/sps/c100087/202503/06a4c08e35e44262bc18fdde0d3e57e2.shtml., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1325521112259494325, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, articleId=1325521078294020453, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=41, rfOrder=47, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=新华社. 我国多举措筑牢儿童健康防线[EB/OL]. (2025-05-30)[2025-06-20]. https://www.gov.cn/lianbo/bumen/202505/content_7025946.htm., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1325521090059043203, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, articleId=1325521078294020453, awardId=null, language=CN, fundingSource=国家重点研发计划项目(2023YFC3604703), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1325521084207989097, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, articleId=1325521078294020453, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1325521084518367594, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, articleId=1325521078294020453, companyId=1325521084207989097, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100021, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1325521084530950507, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, articleId=1325521078294020453, companyId=1325521084207989097, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=中国疾病预防控制中心环境与健康相关产品安全所, 北京 100021)])], figs=null, attaches=null, journal=Journal(id=1256213067906957319, delFlag=0, nameCn=中国学校卫生, nameEn=Chinese Journal of School Health, nameHistory1=null, nameHistory2=null, issn=1000-9817, eissn=null, cn=34-1092/R, coden=null, periodic=0, language=CN, oaType=null, ccby=null, superviseOffice=null, ownerOffice=null, pubOffice=null, editorOffice=null, officeType=null, aims=null, clcCode=null, officeProv=null, officeCity=null, officeAddr=null, officeZip=null, officeEmail=null, officePhone=null, editDirector=null, officeDirector=null, officeDirectorPhone=null, officeStaffNum=null, officeEmpNum=null, coverPicUrl=AekpsZEgWlLz35HByrmLfA==, journalPrice=null, startedYear=null, abbrevIsoEn=Chinese Journal of School Health, journalRemark=null, publicationField=null, createdTime=1777434134703, updatedTime=1788949071540, createdBy=18614031015, updatedBy=13041195026, firstLetterCn=Z, firstLetterEn=Z, subjectCode=Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, subjectName=null, subjectCodeEn=Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, subjectNameEn=null, picCn=AekpsZEgWlLz35HByrmLfA==, picEn=Kyo4DrdVdhYZoe6v0NlLgg==, jcr=null, cjcr=null, exts=[JournalExt(id=1304510214938583098, language=CN, name=中国学校卫生, nameHistory1=null, nameHistory2=null, managedBy=, sponsoredBy=, publishedBy=, editorOffice=, officeProv=null, officeCity=null, officeAddr=, officeZip=, editDirector=, officeDirector=null, officePhone=null, coverPicUrl=null, journalRemark=, submitArticleUrl=null, websiteUrl=, createdTime=1788949071869, updatedTime=1788949071869, createdBy=13041195026, updatedBy=13041195026, submissionGuidelinesUrl=, submissionAuthorUrl=https://xiws.cbpt.cnki.net/EditorC3N/index.aspx?t=1, submissionEditorUrl=https://xiws.cbpt.cnki.net/EditorC3N/index.aspx?t=3, submissionReviewUrl=https://xiws.cbpt.cnki.net/EditorC3N/index.aspx?t=2, submissionCeEditorUrl=, submissionAeEditorUrl=, option={"copyright":""}), JournalExt(id=1304510214993109051, language=EN, name=Chinese Journal of School Health, nameHistory1=null, nameHistory2=null, managedBy=, sponsoredBy=, publishedBy=, editorOffice=, officeProv=null, officeCity=null, officeAddr=, officeZip=, editDirector=, officeDirector=null, officePhone=null, coverPicUrl=null, journalRemark=, submitArticleUrl=null, websiteUrl=, createdTime=1788949071882, updatedTime=1788949071882, createdBy=13041195026, updatedBy=13041195026, submissionGuidelinesUrl=, submissionAuthorUrl=https://xiws.cbpt.cnki.net/EditorC3N/index.aspx?t=1, submissionEditorUrl=https://xiws.cbpt.cnki.net/EditorC3N/index.aspx?t=3, submissionReviewUrl=https://xiws.cbpt.cnki.net/EditorC3N/index.aspx?t=2, submissionCeEditorUrl=, submissionAeEditorUrl=, option={"copyright":""})], databaseList=null, tenantJournalId=1256213402557890569, websiteList=[Website(id=1256214443441140376, webName=null, webTitle=null, webDomain=null, webCopyrigh=null, webIpcNo=null, seoTitle=null, seoKeywords=null, seoDescription=null, tenantJournalId=null, journalId=1256213402557890569, journalNameCn=null, journalNameEn=null, grayFlag=null, tenantId=1146029695717560320, platformId=null, journalGroupId=null, journalGroupNameCn=null, journalGroupNameEn=null, type=1, domain=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/zgxxws/CN, language=CN, createTime=1777434462652, createBy=18614031015, updateTime=1777434574881, updateBy=18614031015, name=中国学校卫生-中文, tplId=1146099689490845704, title=中国学校卫生, delFlag=0, indexPage=/home, props=[WebsiteProps(id=1256215107684655897, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1256214443441140376, code=articleTextType, value=kx, createTime=1777434621020, updateTime=1777434621020, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1256215107663684374, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1256214443441140376, code=banner, value=null, createTime=1777434621015, updateTime=1777434621015, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1256215107709821724, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1256214443441140376, code=grayFlag, value=0, createTime=1777434621026, updateTime=1777434621026, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1256215107651101461, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1256214443441140376, code=logo, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/zgxxws/CN/file/pic?fileId=SD0zLW2e5Vm+XCN1zUmHPA==, createTime=1777434621012, updateTime=1777434621013, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1256215107726598942, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1256214443441140376, code=minRunFlag, value=0, createTime=1777434621030, updateTime=1777434621030, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1256215107680461592, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1256214443441140376, code=picServerUrl, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/zgxxws/CN/file/pic, createTime=1777434621019, updateTime=1777434621019, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1256215107714016029, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1256214443441140376, code=silenceFlag, value=0, createTime=1777434621027, updateTime=1777434621027, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1256215107672072983, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1256214443441140376, code=staticResourcePath, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/cast_kjdb_cn_619/, createTime=1777434621017, updateTime=1777434621017, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1256215107693044506, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1256214443441140376, code=themeColor, value=null, createTime=1777434621022, updateTime=1777434621022, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1256215107701433115, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1256214443441140376, code=themeStyle, value=null, createTime=1777434621024, updateTime=1777434621024, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015)]), Website(id=1256214443571163802, webName=null, webTitle=null, webDomain=null, webCopyrigh=null, webIpcNo=null, seoTitle=null, seoKeywords=null, seoDescription=null, tenantJournalId=null, journalId=1256213402557890569, journalNameCn=null, journalNameEn=null, grayFlag=null, tenantId=1146029695717560320, platformId=null, journalGroupId=null, journalGroupNameCn=null, journalGroupNameEn=null, type=1, domain=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/zgxxws/EN, language=EN, createTime=1777434462683, createBy=18614031015, updateTime=1777434571098, updateBy=18614031015, name=中国学校卫生-英文, tplId=1146101810881728533, title=Chinese Journal of School Health, delFlag=0, indexPage=/home, props=[WebsiteProps(id=1256215133538345763, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1256214443571163802, code=articleTextType, value=kx, createTime=1777434627184, updateTime=1777434627184, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1256215133513179936, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1256214443571163802, code=banner, value=null, createTime=1777434627178, updateTime=1777434627178, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1256215133588677414, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1256214443571163802, code=grayFlag, value=0, createTime=1777434627196, updateTime=1777434627196, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1256215133475431199, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1256214443571163802, code=logo, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/gywlxb/EN/file/pic?fileId=SD0zLW2e5Vm+XCN1zUmHPA==, createTime=1777434627169, updateTime=1777434627169, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1256215133601260328, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1256214443571163802, code=minRunFlag, value=0, createTime=1777434627199, updateTime=1777434627199, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1256215133529957154, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1256214443571163802, code=picServerUrl, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/gywlxb/EN/file/pic, createTime=1777434627182, updateTime=1777434627182, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1256215133592871719, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1256214443571163802, code=silenceFlag, value=0, createTime=1777434627197, updateTime=1777434627197, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1256215133521568545, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1256214443571163802, code=staticResourcePath, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/cast_kjdb_en_623/, createTime=1777434627180, updateTime=1777434627180, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1256215133567705892, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1256214443571163802, code=themeColor, value=null, createTime=1777434627191, updateTime=1777434627191, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1256215133580288805, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1256214443571163802, code=themeStyle, value=null, createTime=1777434627194, updateTime=1777434627194, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015)])], journalTitle=中国学校卫生, weixinUrl=null, journalUrl=http://www.cjsh.org.cn/, iacademicId=null, status=1, seqNo=null, journalTitleEn=Chinese Journal of School Health, journalPhotoCn=AekpsZEgWlLz35HByrmLfA==, journalPhotoEn=Kyo4DrdVdhYZoe6v0NlLgg==, journalFirstLetter=Z, journalRecommend=null, journalNew=null, journalCollection=null, jcrJf=null, cjcrJf=null, jcrJfStr=null, cjcrJfStr=null, submissionFirstDecision=null, sciSubjectClassification=null, casSubjectClassification=null, citeScore=null, totalCitationFrequency=null, icpCode=null, psCode=null, advertisingLicenseCode=null, copyrightInformation=null, country=null, option=, provinceCode=null, provinceName=null, collectFlag=false, interPubPlatform=, interPubPlatformUrl=null), detailUrlCn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/zgxxws/CN/10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2025218, detailUrlEn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/zgxxws/EN/10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2025218, pdfUrlCn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/zgxxws/CN/PDF/10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2025218, pdfUrlEn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/zgxxws/EN/PDF/10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2025218, aliStartDate=0, aliEndDate=0, collectionFlag=false, citedCount=null, citedUrl=null, previewStatus=0, delFlag=0, hasFullText=1, orderTime=1753372800000, fullTextJson=null, articleText=null, reference=null)
收藏切换
提升环境卫生水平 促进儿童健康成长
收藏切换
PDF下载
王强 , 张粲 , 李湉湉
中国学校卫生 | 述评 2025,46(7): 913-916
收起
收藏切换
中国学校卫生 |述评 2025 , 46 (7) : 913 -916
提升环境卫生水平 促进儿童健康成长
全屏
[Author(id=1325521084946186605, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, articleId=1325521078294020453, orderNo=0, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1325521085046849903, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, articleId=1325521078294020453, authorId=1325521084946186605, language=EN, stringName=Qiang WANG, firstName=Qiang, middleName=null, lastName=WANG, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address=National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100021, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1325521085374005616, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, articleId=1325521078294020453, authorId=1325521084946186605, language=CN, stringName=王强, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address=中国疾病预防控制中心环境与健康相关产品安全所, 北京 100021, bio={"content":"

王强(1967-), 女, 河北保定人, 博士, 研究员, 主要研究方向为环境流行病

"}, bioImg=null, bioContent=

王强(1967-), 女, 河北保定人, 博士, 研究员, 主要研究方向为环境流行病

, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1325521084207989097, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, articleId=1325521078294020453, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1325521084518367594, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, articleId=1325521078294020453, companyId=1325521084207989097, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100021, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1325521084530950507, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, articleId=1325521078294020453, companyId=1325521084207989097, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=中国疾病预防控制中心环境与健康相关产品安全所, 北京 100021)])]), Author(id=1325521085445308786, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, articleId=1325521078294020453, orderNo=1, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1325521085785047412, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, articleId=1325521078294020453, authorId=1325521085445308786, language=EN, stringName=Can ZHANG, firstName=Can, middleName=null, lastName=ZHANG, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address=National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100021, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1325521085847961973, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, articleId=1325521078294020453, authorId=1325521085445308786, language=CN, stringName=张粲, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address=中国疾病预防控制中心环境与健康相关产品安全所, 北京 100021, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1325521084207989097, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, articleId=1325521078294020453, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1325521084518367594, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, articleId=1325521078294020453, companyId=1325521084207989097, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100021, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1325521084530950507, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, articleId=1325521078294020453, companyId=1325521084207989097, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=中国疾病预防控制中心环境与健康相关产品安全所, 北京 100021)])]), Author(id=1325521085919265143, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, articleId=1325521078294020453, orderNo=2, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1325521086275780985, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, articleId=1325521078294020453, authorId=1325521085919265143, language=EN, stringName=Tiantian LI, firstName=Tiantian, middleName=null, lastName=LI, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address=National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100021, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1325521086665851258, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, articleId=1325521078294020453, authorId=1325521085919265143, language=CN, stringName=李湉湉, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address=中国疾病预防控制中心环境与健康相关产品安全所, 北京 100021, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1325521084207989097, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, articleId=1325521078294020453, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1325521084518367594, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, articleId=1325521078294020453, companyId=1325521084207989097, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100021, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1325521084530950507, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, articleId=1325521078294020453, companyId=1325521084207989097, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=中国疾病预防控制中心环境与健康相关产品安全所, 北京 100021)])])]
王强, 张粲, 李湉湉
作者信息
  • 中国疾病预防控制中心环境与健康相关产品安全所, 北京 100021
作者简介:

王强(1967-), 女, 河北保定人, 博士, 研究员, 主要研究方向为环境流行病

Improving the level of environmental sanitation and promoting the healthy growth of children
Qiang WANG, Can ZHANG, Tiantian LI
Affiliations
  • National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100021, China
出版时间: 2025-07-25 doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2025218
文章导航
收藏切换

有效应对环境健康风险是保障儿童健康成长的关键。中国政府通过政策法规、标准制定和污染治理等措施的实施, 促使儿童环境健康状况总体呈现向好趋势; 但面对仍然严峻的传统和新兴环境风险, 仍需进一步整合多方资源, 开展儿童环境健康风险的精准防控。文章聚焦固体燃料相关空气污染、饮用水污染以及日益严峻的气候变化等影响中国儿童健康传统与新兴的关键环境卫生挑战, 从深化科学研究、强化政府政策引导、落实学校和社区行动3个层面提出系统性建议, 旨在为儿童创造更安全、健康的成长环境。

环境和公共卫生  /  危险因素  /  健康促进  /  儿童

Effective response to environmental health risks is the key to ensuring the healthy growth of children. The Chinese government has implemented policies, regulations, standards and pollution control measures to promote the overall improvement of children's environmental health. However, facing the still severe traditional and emerging environmental risks, it is still necessary to further integrate multiple resources and carry out precise prevention and control of children's environmental health risks. The paper focuses on both traditional and emerging key environmental health challenges affecting children's health in China, including air pollution from solid fuels, drinking water contamination and escalating threat of climate change; and it offers systematic recommendations across three levels: advancing scientific research, strengthening government policy guidance and implementing actions in schools and communities, aiming to create a safer and healthier growth environment for children.

Environment and public health  /  Risk factors  /  Health promotion  /  Chil
王强, 张粲, 李湉湉. 提升环境卫生水平 促进儿童健康成长. 中国学校卫生, 2025 , 46 (7) : 913 -916 . DOI: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2025218
Qiang WANG, Can ZHANG, Tiantian LI. Improving the level of environmental sanitation and promoting the healthy growth of children[J]. Chinese Journal of School Health, 2025 , 46 (7) : 913 -916 . DOI: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2025218
生命早期的环境暴露不但是儿童出生缺陷、智力和生长发育迟滞的重要影响因素,也是成人慢性病及癌症的重要根源[1]。儿童的口腔探索行为及更接近地面的环境空间使其具有区别于成年人的独特环境暴露,而尚未发育成熟的免疫机制导致儿童对环境有害因素更为敏感[2-4]。全球疾病负担(global burden of disease, GBD)报告显示,归因于环境的疾病负担为38%,而儿童的55%呼吸道感染、97%腹泻及40%伤害均归因于环境影响[5]。因此,对环境健康风险开展有效应对是保障儿童健康成长的关键。
中国环境污染经过数年治理已有显著成效,然而固体燃料相关的空气污染、饮水安全等传统环境问题仍持续影响我国儿童健康。与此同时,气候变化等新兴环境风险因素对儿童健康的危害性日益凸显,亟需采取有效措施来应对相关问题。
固体燃料通常指生物质(木材、动物粪便和农作物残余物等)和煤炭,是发展中国家室内空气污染的主要来源[6]。固体燃料在燃烧时会释放出大量有害物质,如多环芳烃、重金属、挥发性有机物、黑碳、颗粒物、二氧化硫(SO2)、一氧化碳(CO)和一氧化氮(NO)等[7-8]。受通风条件限制,这些污染物在室内的浓度往往是室外的2~5倍,而人群80%~90%的时间是在室内度过[6]。GBD报告显示,室内固体燃料燃烧造成的颗粒物污染导致我国每年约42万人死亡[5]。儿童室内时间占比往往更高;中国近80%在校生每天在室内时间超过22 h,且约1/3学生室内时间超过23 h,说明受固体燃料燃烧等室内空气污染影响更加突出[6, 9-12]。研究发现,固体燃料燃烧造成的室内空气污染可导致儿童肺功能下降、诱发儿童哮喘,使儿童急性下呼吸道感染风险增加2~3倍;长期固体燃料暴露可能导致儿童的生长发育迟缓,增加贫血风险[6, 10]。仅2021年,室内固体燃料燃烧造成的颗粒物污染导致了17万儿童伤残调整生命年(disability-adjusted life year, DALY),其中5岁以下儿童DALY占比高达90%以上[5]。
当前主要通过推动清洁能源使用以及通风换气、使用空气净化器等措施降低固体燃料室内空气污染暴露[9]。尽管从国际到国内一直致力于推动清洁能源的使用,但受限于成本、热值及可行性等问题,固体燃料仍是部分地区取暖和烹饪的必需品。最新统计显示,中国城市家庭的固体燃料率已经低于5%,但农村地区仍有近40%的家庭依赖固体燃料取暖/烹饪[13]。2016年调查显示,中国仍有5.8%和6.1%的儿童所在学校的教室和宿舍使用煤炉取暖[11]。因此,亟需探寻除清洁能源替代之外更多元的应对措施,最大限度地减少固体燃料燃烧对儿童的危害。尽管有证据表明使用空气净化器等各类干预措施可降低空气污染暴露,但其与健康改善之间的关联尚无充分的证据。例如,Cheek等[14]综述研究发现,在学校等室内场所使用便携式空气净化器可有效降低细颗粒物(PM2.5)浓度,但健康改善结果并不一致。
饮用水污染是全球面临的重要公共环境卫生问题,与多种疾病密切相关[15]。据世界卫生组织(World Health Organization,WHO)估计,被病原微生物污染的饮用水可传播腹泻、霍乱、痢疾、伤寒、脊髓灰质炎等疾病,每年约50万人因腹泻死亡[15]。我国由于大多数地区采用集中式供水的消毒措施,有效保障了饮用水免受致病微生物污染;但当前,砷、氟以及消毒副产物等化学性污染已成为我国水污染的主要特征[16]。现有研究发现,这些典型污染物可通过影响出生结局、神经发育以及过敏性疾病等方面危害儿童身体健康[17-20]。
目前,我国饮用水污染干预措施主要包括水源的管理、执行饮用水水质标准、改进处理工艺以及供水系统管理等手段[21-22]。其中,首要措施是加强水源保护与优化水源结构,优先使用安全的城市集中式供水,逐步替代高砷、高氟或水质波动较大的地下水源。在水处理方面,针对污染特征采用活性氧化铝吸附、铁盐凝聚沉淀、反渗透膜过滤等技术去除水中砷和氟;同时通过强化预处理、优化加氯方式、控制消毒剂剂量与反应条件,有效降低消毒副产物的生成量[23]。其次,针对学校、托幼机构等儿童聚集场所,应设立专门饮用水管理制度,明确责任人和日常维护措施,并结合健康教育普及饮水安全知识,提升儿童自我保护能力[24]。综合采取工程、制度和教育干预措施,有助于从源头上控制化学性污染对儿童健康的潜在威胁。此外,联合国也专门设立“水、环境卫生与个人卫生”(water, sanitation and hygiene, WASH)项目,重点关注安全饮用水、必要的卫生设施和个人卫生习惯的推广[25]。联合国儿童基金会也在WASH项目框架下开展了系列针对儿童饮用水卫生的干预措施,如改善校园环境、提供清洁水服务等[26]。
气候变化正以席卷全球之势给人民生命健康带来深远的影响。例如,联合国政府间气候变化专门委员会(Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, IPCC)第六次评估报告指出,1950年以来,极端温度事件(高温、低温)的频次和持续时间分别增加2和1.5倍[27]。我国更是先后在2023、2024年夏季连续创历史新高、经历高温热浪,在2022、2023年冬季也连续经历高强度低温寒潮;此外,暴雨、洪水、台风等极端天气在近些年也频发[28]。这些极端天气事件,尤其是极端温度对儿童健康产生了严重威胁[27]。最新GBD报告显示,不适宜的温度导致了全球超4万名5岁以下儿童的死亡,其中高温相关死亡人数超过3万,占比超75%[5]。儿童不仅遭受这些气候变化相关危险因素带来的直接影响,更受限于自身对自然灾害的应对能力而遭受意外伤害[29]。未来,IPCC报告预计随着气候变暖加剧,高温热浪、低温寒潮的极端性将进一步凸显,发生频次将增加10倍以上[25],儿童健康也会面临更大的挑战。
健康风险预警是WHO和世界气象组织倡导的重要干预手段,旨在应对气候变化带来的健康威胁。目前,全球健康风险预警主要集中于高温热浪,法国、美国、葡萄牙等多个国家已建立面向全人群的高温健康预警系统,显著降低了健康风险,带来了可观的健康与经济收益[30-31]。例如,法国的健康风险预警系统在2006年热浪中预防了约4 388例死亡;美国费城的系统在1995—1998年间仅投入21万美元,却带来约4.68亿美元的经济效益,收益成本比高达2 300倍[32-34]。然而,当下仍缺乏专门针对儿童等脆弱群体的健康风险预警系统,亟需研发面向气候变化相关儿童健康风险的预警工具,以加强应对与保护。
过去10年为了提升儿童的环境健康水平,中国政府一方面积极推进环境治理,通过《中华人民共和国环境保护法》要求建立环境污染健康风险评估的机制,并颁布系列污染整治法规,实施3年污染攻坚,显著改善了环境质量[35];另一方面也通过先后制定《中国儿童发展纲要(2011—2020)》《中国儿童发展纲要(2021—2030)》(以下简称“《纲要》”)保障了儿童环境、安全和发展的基本策略,以构建儿童友好环境[36-37]。最新版《纲要》专门增设“儿童与环境”领域,明确要求降低环境污染对儿童健康的危害,针对农村自来水、卫生厕所普及率等指标设定具体目标,并将环境治理措施列为优化儿童成长自然及人居环境的核心策略,要求相关部门系统落实[37]。此外,中国多个部门也相继出台儿童环境友好政策,如国家发展改革委等部门联合印发《推进儿童友好城市建设指导意见》等政策,明确将为儿童成长提供适宜的环境纳入城市治理[38];国家卫生健康委员会及国家市场监督管理总局等部门也针对儿童健康及食品和用品安全制、修订了系列标准[38-40]。
经过多年努力,中国儿童环境健康状况总体呈现向好趋势,5岁以下儿童伤害死亡率也已下降至5.6‰,达到历史最好水平[41]。但面对仍然严峻的传统和新兴环境风险,仍需进一步整合多方资源力量,开展儿童环境健康风险的精准防控。
加强科学研究、发展环境健康政策,创设学校和社区健康物理环境,将有助于为儿童创造一个更加安全、健康的成长环境。
科学、系统的研究证据是支撑儿童健康环境建设的基础。深入开展儿童健康与环境卫生的专项研究,更精准地解析污染物及其他环境因素对儿童身体发育、免疫系统和认知发展的影响及其机制已迫在眉睫。一方面,应面向新兴环境挑战,尽快补全儿童环境健康影响科学证据,以识别儿童的高危环境因素;另一方面,应开展各类干预措施有效性评价,为制定精准有效的应对策略提供实证支撑。
政府政策是推动儿童环境卫生改善的核心驱动力。政策的制定和执行直接影响儿童所处环境的健康与安全,因此政府在提供环境卫生支持方面宜发挥主导作用。一方面,应加大对儿童新兴环境健康影响以及干预措施有效性研究的资助力度,以尽快了解我国新形势下儿童环境健康风险的基础数据,支撑精准施策。另一方面,应积极推动建立并实施针对儿童脆弱性的适应性措施,特别是研发和部署儿童健康风险预警系统;可以利用该预警系统及时通知家长、学校和社区,指导其采取必要的防护行动。
学校和社区不仅是儿童成长的主要环境,也是环境卫生干预的重要实践场所,应协同为儿童创造健康的环境。一方面,学校和社区应加强环境危险因素尤其是新兴环境挑战对儿童健康影响的教育与公共宣传,帮助家长、教师和儿童更好地认识环境因素对儿童健康的影响,并采取科学的防护措施;另一方面,也应积极采取行为干预、环境改造等措施,切实降低环境暴露对儿童的健康影响。
  • 国家重点研发计划项目(2023YFC3604703)
参考文献 引证文献
排序方式:
1
GLUCKMAN P, HANSON M, COOPER C, et al. Effect of in utero and early-life conditions on adult health and disease[J]. New Engl J Med, 2008, 359(1): 61-73.
2
HAUPTMAN M, WOOLF A. Childhood ingestions of environmental toxins: what are the risks?[J]. Pediatr Ann, 2017, 46(12): e466-e471.
3
MOYA J, BEARER C, ETZEL R. Children's behavior and physiology and how it affects exposure to environmental contaminants[J]. Pediatrics, 2004, 113: 996-1006.
4
PERLROTH N, BRANCO C W. Current knowledge of environmental exposure in children during the sensitive developmental periods[J]. J Pediat-Brazil, 2017, 93: 17-27.
5
Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation. GBD results[EB/OL]. (2024-05-18)[2025-06-20]. https://vizhub.healthdata.org/gbd-results/.
6
ALI M, YU Y, YOUSAF B, et al. Health impacts of indoor air pollution from household solid fuel on children and women[J]. J Hazard Mater, 2021, 416: 126-127.
7
NI K, CARTER E, SCHAUER J, et al. Seasonal variation in outdoor, indoor, and personal air pollution exposures of women using wood stoves in the Tibetan Plateau: baseline assessment for an energy intervention study[J]. Environ Int, 2016, 94: 449-457.
8
CHEN R, HU B, LIU Y, et al. Beyond PM2.5: the role of ultrafine particles on adverse health effects of air pollution[J]. Biochim Biophys Acta, 2016, 1860(12): 2844-2855.
9
WOOLLEY K, DICKINSON-CRAIG E, BARTINGTON S E, et al. Effectiveness of interventions to reduce household air pollution from solid biomass fuels and improve maternal and child health outcomes in low-and middle-income countries: a systematic review protocol[J]. Syst Rev, 2021, 10(1): 33.
10
WANG Y, ZHANG C, ZHANG W, et al. Impact of residential solid fuel usage and fuel conversion on children's lung function[J]. Nat Commun, 2024, 15(1): 9046.
11
LIANG W, SHEN G, WANG B, et al. Space heating approaches in Chinese schools: results from the first Chinese environmental exposure-related human activity patterns survey-children (CEERHAPS-C)[J]. Energy Sustain Dev, 2020, 56: 33-41.
12
徐荣彬, 高迪, 王政, 等. 2016年中国学生户外活动时间现状分析[J]. 中国儿童保健杂志, 2018, 26(3): 254-257.
XU R B, GAO D, WANG Z, et al. Analysis of the current status of outdoor activity time of Chinese students in 2016[J]. Chin J Child Health Care, 2018, 26(3): 254-257. (in Chinese)
13
JIANG K, XING R, LUO Z, et al. Unclean but affordable solid fuels effectively sustained household energy equity[J]. Nat Commun, 2024, 15(1): 9761.
14
CHEEK E, GUERCIO V, SHRUBSOLE C, et al. Portable air purification: review of impacts on indoor air quality and health[J]. Sci Total Environ, 2021, 766: 142585.
15
WHO. Drinking-water[EB/OL]. (2023-09-13)[2025-06-20]. https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/drinking-water.
16
曾强, 邬堂春. 中国水污染状况及其引起的健康危害与对策[J]. 中华疾病控制杂志, 2023, 27(5): 503-507.
ZENG Q, WU T C. The occurrence of water pollution and its adverse health effects and future countermeasures in China[J]. Chin J Dis Control Prev, 2023, 27(5): 503-507. (in Chinese)
17
DING G, GAO Y, KAN H, et al. Environmental exposure and child health in China[J]. Environ Int, 2024, 187: 108722.
18
GONG L, YANG Q, LIU C, et al. Assessment of 12 essential and toxic elements in whole blood of pregnant and non-pregnant women living in Wuhan of China[J]. Biol Trace Elem Res, 2021, 199: 2121-2130.
19
LUO Q, ZHAO H, JIANG Y, et al. Association of blood metal exposure with testosterone and hemoglobin: a cross-sectional study in Hangzhou Birth Cohort Study[J]. Environ Int, 2020, 136: 105451.
20
XU P, FENG L, XU D, et al. Ribosomal DNA copy number associated with blood metal levels in school-age children: a follow-up study on a municipal waste incinerator in Zhejiang, China[J]. Chemosphere, 2022, 307: 135676.
21
张嘉治, 王海泽, 王绍斌. 我国饮用水污染现状及防治对策[J]. 沈阳农业大学学报, 2003, 4(6): 460-463.
ZHANG J Y, WANG H Z, WANG S B. The strategy and pollution status of drinking water in China[J]. J Shenyang Agric Univ, 2003, 4(6): 460-463. (in Chinese)
22
SHI X. The safety of drinking water in China: current status and future prospects[J]. China CDC Weekly, 2020, 2(13): 210.
23
杨克敌, 郑玉建, 郭新彪, 等. 环境卫生学[M]. 8版. 北京: 人民卫生出版社, 2019.
YANG K D, ZHENG Y J, GUO X B, et al. Environmental hygiene[M]. 8 ed. Beijing: People's Medical Publishing House, 2019. (in Chinese)
24
国家疾病预防控制局. 学校及托幼机构饮水设施卫生规范:
WS 10014—2023[S]. 2024-05-01. National Disease Control and Prevention Administration. Health standard of drinking water facilities in schools and kindergartens: WS 10014-2023[S]. 2024-05-01. (in Chinese)
25
UN. Water, sanitation and hygiene(WASH)[EB/OL]. (2022-07-14)[2025-06-20]. https://www.unwater.org/water-facts/wash-water-sanitation-and-hygiene.
26
UNICEF. Strategy for water, sanitation and hygiene 2016-2030[R]. NY, USA: UNICEF, 2016.
27
MASSON-DELMOTTE V, ZHAI P, PIRANI A, et al. Climate change 2021: the physical science basis. Contribution of working group I to the sixth assessment report of the intergovernmental panel on climate change[R]. Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA: Cambridge University Press, 2021.
28
中国气象局气候变化中心. 中国气候变化蓝皮书2024[M]. 北京: 科学出版社, 2024.
China Meteorological Administration Climate Change Center. Blue book on climate change in China 2024[M]. Beijing: Science Press, 2024. (in Chinese)
29
WEEDA L, BRADSHAW C, JUDGE M, et al. How climate change degrades child health: a systematic review and Meta-analysis[J]. Sci Total Environ, 2024, 920: 170944.
30
PASCAL M, LAAIDI K, LEDRANS M, et al. France's heat health watch warning system[J]. Int J Biometeorol, 2006, 50: 144-153.
31
NOGUEIRA P J. Examples of heat health warning systems: Lisbon's ÍCARO's surveillance system, summer of 2003[A]//Extreme weather events and public health responses. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer, 2005: 219-231.
32
MCGREGOR G, BESSEMOULIN P, EBI K, et al. Heatwaves and health: guidance on warning-system development[M]. Geneva, Switzerland: World Meteorological Organization, 2015.
33
FOUILLET A, REY G, WAGNER V, et al. Has the impact of heat waves on mortality changed in France since the European heat wave of summer 2003? A study of the 2006 heat wave[J]. Int J Epidemiol, 2008, 37(2): 309-317.
34
EBI K L, TEISBERG T J, KALKSTEIN L S, et al. Heat watch/warning systems save lives: estimated costs and benefits for Philadelphia 1995-1998[J]. B Am Meteorol Soc, 2004, 85(8): 1067-1074.
35
中华人民共和国全国人民代表大会常务委员会. 中华人民共和国环境保护法[Z]. 北京, 2015-01-01.
Standing Committee of the National People's Congress. Environmental protection law of the PRC[Z]. Beijing, 2015-01-01. (in Chinese)
36
中华人民共和国国务院关于印发中国妇女发展纲要和中国儿童发展纲要的通知[EB/OL]. (2011-07-30)[2025-06-20]. https://www.gov.cn/gongbao/content/2011/content_1927200.htm.
37
中华人民共和国国务院关于印发中国妇女发展纲要和中国儿童发展纲要的通知[EB/OL]. (2021-09-06)[2025-06-20]. https://www.gov.cn/zhengce/content/2021-09/27/content_5639412.htm.
38
中华人民共和国国家发展改革委员会. 关于推进儿童友好城市建设的指导意见[EB/OL]. (2021-09-30)[2025-06-20]. https://www.gov.cn/zhengce/zhengceku/2021-10/21/content_5643976.htm.
39
中华人民共和国国家市场监督管理总局办公厅关于进一步加强儿童用品质量安全监管工作的通知[EB/OL]. (2018-10-30)[2025-06-20]. https://www.gov.cn/zhengce/zhengceku/2018-12/31/content_5450889.htm.
40
中华人民共和国国家卫生健康委员会发布50项新食品安全国家标准[EB/OL]. (2025-03-27)[2025-06-20]. https://www.nhc.gov.cn/sps/c100087/202503/06a4c08e35e44262bc18fdde0d3e57e2.shtml.
41
新华社. 我国多举措筑牢儿童健康防线[EB/OL]. (2025-05-30)[2025-06-20]. https://www.gov.cn/lianbo/bumen/202505/content_7025946.htm.
2025年第46卷第7期
PDF下载
2
1
引用本文
BibTeX
文章信息
doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2025218
  • 接收时间:2025-07-09
  • 首发时间:2026-11-06
  • 出版时间:2025-07-25
补充材料
相关文章
文章信息
作者
出版历史
  • 收稿日期:2025-07-09
  • 修回日期:2025-07-16
基金
国家重点研发计划项目(2023YFC3604703)
作者信息
    中国疾病预防控制中心环境与健康相关产品安全所, 北京 100021
参考文献
分享链接
https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/zgxxws/CN/10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2025218
分享至
全文二维码

扫描看全文

引用本文
BibTeX
本文的引用情况
2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)
属
Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
关闭全屏