Article(id=1325521327897052095, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, issueId=1325521023759691810, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2025205, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1737302400000, receivedDateStr=2025-01-20, revisedDate=1746460800000, revisedDateStr=2025-05-06, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1793958511565, onlineDateStr=2026-11-06, pubDate=1753372800000, pubDateStr=2025-07-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1793958511565, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-11-06, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1793958511565, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1793958511565, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1325521023759691810, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, year='2025', volume='46', issue='7', pageStart='913', pageEnd='1064', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1753372800000', pubDateStr='2025-07-25', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1793958439054, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1793958439054, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext=null, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=941, endPage=945, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1325521329918706624, articleId=1325521327897052095, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, language=EN, title=Mediation and latent variable analysis of new curriculum standard-based physical education core literacy and subjective exercise experience among middle school students, columnId=1259565859148804482, journalTitle=Chinese Journal of School Health, columnName=Health Education and Promotion, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

To examine the relationship among physical education core literacy, exercise self-efficacy, physical self-esteem and subjective exercise experience among middle school students, and to analyze the latent classes of exercise self-efficacy, so as to provide evidence for enhancing adolescents' subjective exercise experience.

Methods

Using stratified cluster random sampling, 2 569 students from 12 provinces, autonomous regions or municipality directly under the central govement (Jiangxi, Guangdong, Hunan, Guizhou, Henan, Guangxi, Yunnan, Chongqing, Sichuan, Shandong, Hubei, Hebei) were surveyed from September to November in 2024 with Core Competency Scale of Physical Education, Subjective Exercise Experiences Scale, Exercise Self-Efficacy Scale, and Physical Self-esteem Scale. Pearson correlation analysis was conducted to explore the relationships among physical education core literacy, exercise self-efficacy, physical self-esteem, and subjective exercise experience. Mediation models with Bootstrap testing were employed to examine the mediating roles of exercise self-efficacy and physical self-esteem in the relationship between physical education core literacy and subjective exercise experience. Latent profile analysis (LPA) of exercise self-efficacy was performed using Mplus 8.3.

Results

Pearson correlation analysis revealed positive associations between physical education core literacy and exercise self-efficacy (r=0.21), physical self-esteem (r=0.38), and subjective exercise experience (r=0.40); exercise self-efficacy was positively correlated with physical self-esteem (r=0.25) and subjective exercise experience (r=0.45); and physical self-esteem was positively correlated with subjective exercise experience (r=0.34) (all P < 0.01). Mediation analysis indicated that physical education core literacy positively predicted subjective exercise experience (β=0.41, P < 0.05), with exercise self-efficacy and physical self-esteem serving as partial mediators (effect size=0.14, P < 0.01), accounting for 34% of the total effect. LPA identified three latent classes of exercise self-efficacy: low (14.71%, n=378), moderate (65.51%, n=1 683), and high (19.78%, n=508) exercise self-efficacy groups.

Conclusion

Adolescents' exercise self-efficacy demonstrates heterogeneity, and both exercise self-efficacy and physical self-esteem mediate the relationship between physical education core literacy and subjective exercise experience.

, authors=Yuqing YUAN1, Wenying HU*, 1, Chang HU1, Wen ZHANG1, Chao SONG2, authorsList=Yuqing YUAN, Wenying HU, Chang HU, Wen ZHANG, Chao SONG, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Wenying HU, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=Copyright ©2025 Chinese Journal of School Health. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1325521333290927044, articleId=1325521327897052095, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, language=CN, title=中学生新课标体育核心素养与主观锻炼体验中介与潜变量分析, columnId=1259565859903779205, journalTitle=中国学校卫生, columnName=健康教育与健康促进, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
目的

探讨中学生体育核心素养、锻炼自我效能、身体自尊与主观锻炼体验的关系,分析锻炼自我效能的潜在类别,为提升青少年主观锻炼体验提供参考。

方法

采用分层整群随机抽样法,于2024年9—11月在江西、广东、湖南、贵州、河南、广西、云南、重庆、四川、山东、湖北、河北12个省、自治区、直辖市共选取2 569名中学生进行体育学科核心素养量表、主观锻炼体验量表、锻炼自我效能量表及身体自尊量表调查。通过Pearson相关分析探讨青少年体育核心素养、锻炼自我效能、身体自尊以及主观锻炼体验之间的相关性;采用中介模型及Bootstrap检验,进一步考察锻炼自我效能和身体自尊在青少年体育核心素养与主观锻炼体验之间的中介作用。采用Mplus 8.3软件对锻炼自我效能进行潜在剖面分析。

结果

Pearson相关分析结果显示,青少年体育核心素养与锻炼自我效能、身体自尊、主观锻炼体验均呈正相关(r值分别为0.21,0.38,0.40);锻炼自我效能与身体自尊、主观锻炼体验均呈正相关(r值分别为0.25,0.45);身体自尊与主观锻炼体验呈正相关(r=0.34)(P值均<0.01)。中介效应检验结果显示,青少年体育核心素养正向预测主观锻炼体验(β=0.41,P<0.05);锻炼自我效能、身体自尊在其中发挥部分中介作用(效应值为0.14,P<0.01),效应占比为34%。潜在剖面分析结果显示,青少年锻炼自我效能存在3种潜在类别:低锻炼自我效能组(14.71%,378名),中锻炼自我效能组(65.51%,1 683名),高锻炼自我效能组(19.78%,508名)。

结论

青少年锻炼自我效能具有异质性,锻炼自我效能和身体自尊在青少年体育核心素养与主观锻炼体验之间起中介作用。

, authors=袁宇晴1, 黄文英*, 1, 胡昶1, 张文1, 宋超2, authorsList=袁宇晴, 黄文英, 胡昶, 张文, 宋超, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=黄文英, authorNote=

袁宇晴(2001-),女,江西宜春人,在读硕士,主要研究方向为运动心理学

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黄文英,E-mail:
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Med Sci Educ, 2022, 32(2): 437-446., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1325521342690362355, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, articleId=1325521327897052095, awardId=null, language=CN, fundingSource=2024年国家社会科学基金年度项目(24CTY030);2020年度教育部人文社会科学研究青年基金项目(20YJC690020);2019年江西省高等学校教学改革研究重点省级项目(JXJG-19-2-23), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1325521334612132805, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, articleId=1325521327897052095, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1325521334624715718, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, articleId=1325521327897052095, companyId=1325521334612132805, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1School of Physical Education, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330022, Jiangxi Province, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1325521334914122695, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, articleId=1325521327897052095, companyId=1325521334612132805, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1江西师范大学体育学院, 南昌 330022)]), AuthorCompany(id=1325521335006397384, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, articleId=1325521327897052095, xref=2, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1325521335329358793, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, articleId=1325521327897052095, companyId=1325521335006397384, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2天津师范大学体育科学学院)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1325521340412855277, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, articleId=1325521327897052095, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=Chain mediation model of exercise self-efficacy and physical self-esteem between adolescent sports core literacy and subjective exercise experience, figureFileSmall=cf/JfaQFGTbrD75ppxtKSw==, figureFileBig=mVxikEsO56myQTket0mZQA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1325521341918610414, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, articleId=1325521327897052095, language=CN, label=图1, caption=锻炼自我效能和身体自尊在青少年体育核心素养与主观锻炼体验间的链式中介模型

注:图中数值为β值,P值均<0.01。

, figureFileSmall=cf/JfaQFGTbrD75ppxtKSw==, figureFileBig=mVxikEsO56myQTket0mZQA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1325521342195434479, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, articleId=1325521327897052095, language=EN, label=Tab.1, caption=

Adolescent exercise self-efficacy potential category model fit indicators (n=2 569)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
模型AIC值BIC值aBIC值PLMR值PBLRT值Entropy值类别占比/%
168 621.0568 738.0868 674.53———1.00
268 674.5363 880.9963 782.49<0.01<0.010.940.79/0.21
360 860.3361 106.0860 972.64<0.01<0.010.950.15/0.65/0.20
460 635.4460 945.5660 777.16<0.01<0.010.880.14/0.34/0.32/0.20
560 504.2360 878.7160 675.360.25<0.010.880.14/0.33/0.02/0.31/0.20
), ArticleFig(id=1325521342266737648, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, articleId=1325521327897052095, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

青少年锻炼自我效能潜在类别模型适配指标(n=2 569)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
模型AIC值BIC值aBIC值PLMR值PBLRT值Entropy值类别占比/%
168 621.0568 738.0868 674.53———1.00
268 674.5363 880.9963 782.49<0.01<0.010.940.79/0.21
360 860.3361 106.0860 972.64<0.01<0.010.950.15/0.65/0.20
460 635.4460 945.5660 777.16<0.01<0.010.880.14/0.34/0.32/0.20
560 504.2360 878.7160 675.360.25<0.010.880.14/0.33/0.02/0.31/0.20
), ArticleFig(id=1325521342480647153, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, articleId=1325521327897052095, language=EN, label=Tab.2, caption=

Comparison of subjective exercise experience indicators among adolescents with different potential categories of exercise self-efficacy [M(P25, P75)]

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
潜在类别人数积极幸福感心理困扰疲劳
低锻炼自我效能组3781.75(1.25,3.00)3.50(1.50,5.75)4.13(1.50,5.50)
中锻炼自我效能组1 6833.50(3.25,4.50)3.50(3.00,4.50)3.50(3.00,5.25)
高锻炼自我效能组5085.75(5.00,6.50)3.88(3.50,5.75)4.00(1.50,5.50)
H值1 036.32123.402.77
P值<0.01<0.010.25
), ArticleFig(id=1325521342556144626, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, articleId=1325521327897052095, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

不同锻炼自我效能潜在类别青少年主观锻炼体验指标比较[M(P25,P75)]

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
潜在类别人数积极幸福感心理困扰疲劳
低锻炼自我效能组3781.75(1.25,3.00)3.50(1.50,5.75)4.13(1.50,5.50)
中锻炼自我效能组1 6833.50(3.25,4.50)3.50(3.00,4.50)3.50(3.00,5.25)
高锻炼自我效能组5085.75(5.00,6.50)3.88(3.50,5.75)4.00(1.50,5.50)
H值1 036.32123.402.77
P值<0.01<0.010.25
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中学生新课标体育核心素养与主观锻炼体验中介与潜变量分析
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袁宇晴 1 , 黄文英 *, 1 , 胡昶 1 , 张文 1 , 宋超 2
中国学校卫生 | 健康教育与健康促进 2025,46(7): 941-945
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中国学校卫生 |健康教育与健康促进 2025 , 46 (7) : 941 -945
中学生新课标体育核心素养与主观锻炼体验中介与潜变量分析
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袁宇晴1, 黄文英*, 1 , 胡昶1, 张文1, 宋超2
作者信息
  • 1江西师范大学体育学院, 南昌 330022
  • 2天津师范大学体育科学学院
通讯作者:
黄文英,E-mail:
作者简介:

袁宇晴(2001-),女,江西宜春人,在读硕士,主要研究方向为运动心理学

Mediation and latent variable analysis of new curriculum standard-based physical education core literacy and subjective exercise experience among middle school students
Yuqing YUAN1, Wenying HU*, 1 , Chang HU1, Wen ZHANG1, Chao SONG2
Affiliations
  • 1School of Physical Education, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330022, Jiangxi Province, China
出版时间: 2025-07-25 doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2025205
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目的

探讨中学生体育核心素养、锻炼自我效能、身体自尊与主观锻炼体验的关系,分析锻炼自我效能的潜在类别,为提升青少年主观锻炼体验提供参考。

方法

采用分层整群随机抽样法,于2024年9—11月在江西、广东、湖南、贵州、河南、广西、云南、重庆、四川、山东、湖北、河北12个省、自治区、直辖市共选取2 569名中学生进行体育学科核心素养量表、主观锻炼体验量表、锻炼自我效能量表及身体自尊量表调查。通过Pearson相关分析探讨青少年体育核心素养、锻炼自我效能、身体自尊以及主观锻炼体验之间的相关性;采用中介模型及Bootstrap检验,进一步考察锻炼自我效能和身体自尊在青少年体育核心素养与主观锻炼体验之间的中介作用。采用Mplus 8.3软件对锻炼自我效能进行潜在剖面分析。

结果

Pearson相关分析结果显示,青少年体育核心素养与锻炼自我效能、身体自尊、主观锻炼体验均呈正相关(r值分别为0.21,0.38,0.40);锻炼自我效能与身体自尊、主观锻炼体验均呈正相关(r值分别为0.25,0.45);身体自尊与主观锻炼体验呈正相关(r=0.34)(P值均<0.01)。中介效应检验结果显示,青少年体育核心素养正向预测主观锻炼体验(β=0.41,P<0.05);锻炼自我效能、身体自尊在其中发挥部分中介作用(效应值为0.14,P<0.01),效应占比为34%。潜在剖面分析结果显示,青少年锻炼自我效能存在3种潜在类别:低锻炼自我效能组(14.71%,378名),中锻炼自我效能组(65.51%,1 683名),高锻炼自我效能组(19.78%,508名)。

结论

青少年锻炼自我效能具有异质性,锻炼自我效能和身体自尊在青少年体育核心素养与主观锻炼体验之间起中介作用。

健康教育  /  身体锻炼  /  潜在剖面分析  /  青少年
Objective

To examine the relationship among physical education core literacy, exercise self-efficacy, physical self-esteem and subjective exercise experience among middle school students, and to analyze the latent classes of exercise self-efficacy, so as to provide evidence for enhancing adolescents' subjective exercise experience.

Methods

Using stratified cluster random sampling, 2 569 students from 12 provinces, autonomous regions or municipality directly under the central govement (Jiangxi, Guangdong, Hunan, Guizhou, Henan, Guangxi, Yunnan, Chongqing, Sichuan, Shandong, Hubei, Hebei) were surveyed from September to November in 2024 with Core Competency Scale of Physical Education, Subjective Exercise Experiences Scale, Exercise Self-Efficacy Scale, and Physical Self-esteem Scale. Pearson correlation analysis was conducted to explore the relationships among physical education core literacy, exercise self-efficacy, physical self-esteem, and subjective exercise experience. Mediation models with Bootstrap testing were employed to examine the mediating roles of exercise self-efficacy and physical self-esteem in the relationship between physical education core literacy and subjective exercise experience. Latent profile analysis (LPA) of exercise self-efficacy was performed using Mplus 8.3.

Results

Pearson correlation analysis revealed positive associations between physical education core literacy and exercise self-efficacy (r=0.21), physical self-esteem (r=0.38), and subjective exercise experience (r=0.40); exercise self-efficacy was positively correlated with physical self-esteem (r=0.25) and subjective exercise experience (r=0.45); and physical self-esteem was positively correlated with subjective exercise experience (r=0.34) (all P < 0.01). Mediation analysis indicated that physical education core literacy positively predicted subjective exercise experience (β=0.41, P < 0.05), with exercise self-efficacy and physical self-esteem serving as partial mediators (effect size=0.14, P < 0.01), accounting for 34% of the total effect. LPA identified three latent classes of exercise self-efficacy: low (14.71%, n=378), moderate (65.51%, n=1 683), and high (19.78%, n=508) exercise self-efficacy groups.

Conclusion

Adolescents' exercise self-efficacy demonstrates heterogeneity, and both exercise self-efficacy and physical self-esteem mediate the relationship between physical education core literacy and subjective exercise experience.

Health education  /  Exercise movement techniques  /  Latent profile analysis  /  Adolescent
袁宇晴, 黄文英, 胡昶, 张文, 宋超. 中学生新课标体育核心素养与主观锻炼体验中介与潜变量分析. 中国学校卫生, 2025 , 46 (7) : 941 -945 . DOI: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2025205
Yuqing YUAN, Wenying HU, Chang HU, Wen ZHANG, Chao SONG. Mediation and latent variable analysis of new curriculum standard-based physical education core literacy and subjective exercise experience among middle school students[J]. Chinese Journal of School Health, 2025 , 46 (7) : 941 -945 . DOI: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2025205
体育核心素养是指个体通过体育课程习得的,并逐步培养符合个人长期发展和社会需求的价值观、品质和核心技能,涵盖了运动能力、健康行为和体育品德[1]。相关研究指出,主观锻炼体验作为体质健康的重要影响因子[2],不仅是维持个体持续参与体育锻炼行为的先决条件[3],同时也是体育核心素养的生动诠释[4]。锻炼自我效能是个体针对自身能否成功达成运动目标及持续执行运动行为能力的主观评估[5]。身体自尊可以被理解为一个人对自己身体形象、运动技能和个人价值的综合看法[6]。研究证实,青少年体育核心素养与主观锻炼体验呈正相关[7],但体育核心素养影响主观锻炼体验的内在机制尚待深入研究。因此,本研究通过探讨锻炼自我效能与身体自尊在青少年体育核心素养与主观锻炼体验中的中介效应,并对锻炼自我效能进行潜在剖面分析,为提升青少年主观锻炼体验提供参考。
采用分层整群随机抽样法,于2024年9—11月在江西、广东、湖南、贵州、河南、广西、云南、重庆、四川、山东、湖北、河北12个省、自治区采用随机数字表法各选取4所中学(初中和高中各2所);在每所中学每个年级采用抽签法抽取1~2个班级(每个班级不低于50人),以班级为单位,借助问卷星平台作答,因后期追踪需要,不纳入毕业班学生。共监测2 984名学生,剔除无效问卷(选项单一或规律性作答、答题时间过短),得到有效问卷2 569份(86.1%)。其中男生1 139名(44.3%),女生1 430名(55.7%);城市户口1 580名(61.5%),农村户口989名(38.5%);独生子女1 408名(54.8%),非独生子女1 161名(45.2%);初一年级778名(30.3%),初二年级714名(27.8%),高一年级609名(23.7%),高二年级468名(18.2%);平均年龄(14.51±1.79)岁。本研究获得江西师范大学体育学院伦理委员会批准(批号:IRB-JXNU-PEC-20230926),所有被试均知情同意。
参考李娇[8]的研究,对该量表进行修订,问卷共包含18个条目,运动能力、健康行为和体育品德3个维度。采用Likert 5点计分法(“1=完全不符合”至“5=完全符合”),总分18~90分,分数越高表示受试者的体育核心素养水平越高。本研究中总量表及3个维度的Cronbach α系数分别为0.90,0.90,0.91,0.87。
选用Mcauley等[9]编制的量表,共包含12个条目,积极幸福感、心理困扰和疲劳3个维度。采用Likert 7点计分法(“1=非常符合”至“7=非常不符合”),总分为12~84分,通过3个维度的得分总和评估主观锻炼体验水平。本研究中总量表及3个维度的Cronbach α系数分别为0.80,0.81,0.75,0.81。
采用Kroll等[10]编制的量表,共包含10个条目,单维度量表。采用Likert 4点计分法(“1=完全不正确”至“4=完全正确”),总分10~40分,分数越高表示个体的运动自我效能感越强。本研究中该量表的Cronbach α系数为0.85。
选用由Mendelson等[11]编制,徐霞等[12]修订的量表。共包含30个条目,1个主量表(身体自我价值感主量表)和4个分量表(运动技能、身体素质、身体状况和身体吸引力分量表)。采用Likert 4点计分法,可选择“完全符合”或“有些符合”,分数范围为1~4,总分30~120分,分数越高表示个体的身体自尊水平越高。本研究中该量表的Cronbach α系数为0.91。
调查前对担任主试的教师进行统一培训,由班主任及体育教师组织学生在机房填写。学生在填问卷前,教师使用统一的指导语,清晰、准确地向学生传达问卷的填写要求以及调研的目的与意义,确保所有学生均知情同意并自愿参与调查。调查中教师严格控制测试时间(15~20 min),学生匿名作答。调查后,由1名研究员对后台数据进行筛查,对明显规律答题或答题时间过短的问卷予以剔除。
采用SPSS 26.0软件进行数据分析。符合正态分布用(x±s)描述;不符合正态分布的计量资料通过M(P25,P75)描述,采用Kruskal-Wallis秩和检验分析锻炼自我效能不同潜在类别与青少年主观锻炼体验的关系,并进行事后多重比较。计数资料用频数或百分率描述。采用Harman单因子分析法对共同方法偏差进行检验,通过Pearson相关分析探讨青少年体育核心素养、锻炼自我效能、身体自尊以及主观锻炼体验之间的相关性。基于Process宏程序中的Model 6构建链式中介结构方程模型,运用线性回归分析与Bootstrap检验方法深入探讨锻炼自我效能和身体自尊在青少年体育核心素养与主观锻炼体验之间的中介作用。采用Mplus 8.3软件对锻炼自我效能进行潜在类别分析,反映不同个体锻炼自我效能的异质性。其中赤池信息量准则(Akaike information criterion,AIC)、贝叶斯信息准则(Bayesian information criterion,BIC)、样本量调整贝叶斯信息量准则(sample-size adjusted BIC,aBIC)值越小说明模型拟合越好,熵(entropy)值越接近1说明潜在类别的划分越清晰;罗-门德尔-鲁宾校正似然比检验(Lo-Mendell-Rubin adjusted likelihood ratio test,LMR)、自助法似然比检验(bootstrap likelihood ratio test,BLRT)2个值若达到显著水平,说明k类别的模型拟合要优于k-1类别[13]。检验水准α=0.05。
结果表明,未旋转情况下特征值大于1的因子共11个,第1个因子解释的变异量为18.21%(<40%),表明研究不存在严重共同方法偏差。
青少年体育核心素养、锻炼自我效能、身体自尊、主观锻炼体验得分分别为(2.99±0.86)(2.55±0.60)(2.50±0.55)(3.75±0.88)。Pearson相关性分析结果显示,青少年体育核心素养与锻炼自我效能、身体自尊、主观锻炼体验均呈正相关(r值分别为0.21,0.38,0.40),锻炼自我效能与身体自尊、主观锻炼体验均呈正相关(r值分别为0.25,0.45),身体自尊与主观锻炼体验呈正相关(r=0.34)(P值均<0.01)。
线性回归分析结果显示,体育核心素养对主观锻炼体验、身体自尊、锻炼自我效能均有正向预测作用[β值(95%CI)分别为0.41(0.37~0.44),0.22(0.19~0.24),0.15(0.12~0.17)],锻炼自我效能可正向预测身体自尊[β值(95%CI)=0.17(0.13~0.20)](P值均<0.01)。当体育核心素养、锻炼自我效能和身体自尊同时预测主观锻炼体验时,对主观锻炼体验均有正向预测作用[β值(95%CI)分别为0.27(0.24~0.31),0.52(0.45~0.59),0.24(0.18~0.29),P值均<0.01]。
中介分析结果表明,锻炼自我效能和身体自尊的中介作用有统计学意义(P值均<0.05),总中介效应值为0.14(95%CI=0.11~0.16),效应占比为34%。3条中介路径分别为:(1)体育核心素养→锻炼自我效能→主观锻炼体验,效应值为0.08(95%CI=0.06~0.10);(2)体育核心素养→身体自尊→主观锻炼体验,效应值为0.05(95%CI=0.04~0.06);(3)体育核心素养→锻炼自我效能→身体自尊→主观锻炼体验,效应值为0.01(95%CI=0.01~0.01)。见图1。
以锻炼自我效能量表的得分为指标,分别抽取1~5个类别进行潜在类别分析。结果表明,1~5类,AIC、BIC和aBIC值随着类别数增加而不断减小。从LMR和BLR来看,2~4类模型拟合良好。从Entropy值来看,3类模型Entropy值最高。综上,最终确定3类别为最优潜在剖面模型。见表1。
青少年锻炼自我效能的3个潜在类别按得分高低分别命名为低、中、高锻炼自我效能组分别为378(14.7%)、1 683(65.5%)和508名(19.8%)。
青少年锻炼自我效能的潜在类别在积极幸福感、心理困扰指标上差异有统计学意义(P值均<0.01),疲劳指标上差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。事后多重比较显示,在积极幸福感水平得分上,高锻炼自我效能组>中锻炼自我效能组>低锻炼自我效能组;在心理困扰水平得分上,低锻炼自我效能组=中锻炼自我效能组<高锻炼自我效能组;在疲劳水平得分上,低、中、高锻炼自我效能组差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。见表2。
本研究发现,体育核心素养正向预测青少年主观锻炼体验,与王佃娥等[2]研究结果一致。社会认知理论指出,个人、行为和环境之间存在紧密联系[14]。体育核心素养作为个人因素的重要组成部分,能够促进青少年在体育活动中展现出积极的行为,不仅有助于提升青少年的体育技能,还能增强其自信心和成就感,从而改善主观锻炼体验[15]。中介效应分析发现,锻炼自我效能和身体自尊分别在体育核心素养与青少年主观锻炼体验之间起中介作用。具体而言,青少年体育核心素养对主观锻炼体验的保护作用可通过提高锻炼自我效能或身体自尊实现。在体育锻炼的过程中,高锻炼自我效能或高身体自尊的青少年更可能体验到由运动带来的成就感、愉悦感以及挑战自我后的满足感,正面的情感体验共同构成了积极的锻炼体验[16]。此外,研究还揭示了锻炼自我效能和身体自尊在体育核心素养与主观锻炼体验之间的链式中介作用。体育核心素养的增强,被证实为提升锻炼自我效能的关键因素之一[17]。同时,锻炼自我效能作为身体自尊心理结构中的近端变量,其水平的提升直接关联着个体对于自身完成锻炼任务能力的信念与期待,进而影响其主观锻炼体验[18]。综上所述,体育核心素养不仅直接影响了青少年主观锻炼体验,还通过锻炼自我效能和身体自尊的中介效应作用于青少年主观锻炼体验。
值得注意的是,青少年锻炼自我效能的潜在类别在积极幸福感、心理困扰指标上差异有统计学意义,疲劳指标上差异无统计学意义。在积极幸福感水平上,高锻炼自我效能组最高,中锻炼自我效能积极次之,低锻炼自我效能最低。无论归属于哪一类锻炼自我效能都能够感受到幸福等积极情绪[19]。在心理困扰水平上,高锻炼自我效能组较高,如果自我效能感与个体的实际能力不匹配,当现实与期望不符时,这种不匹配可能会增加挫败感和心理困扰[20]。在疲劳水平上,无论是低、中、高锻炼自我效能均会感受到疲劳,与前人研究结果不一致[21],表明锻炼自我效能与疲劳之间不存在直接联系,可能通过身体活动等对疲劳产生影响。
本研究还存在一定的不足:(1)仅进行横断面研究探讨各变量之间的关系,未来可采用纵向研究揭示其中的复杂关系。(2)研究仅纳入锻炼自我效能和身体自尊2个中介变量,但体育核心素养影响主观锻炼体验的原因复杂多样,可能还存在其他变量,未来可纳入其他中介或调节变量进行研究。
  • 2024年国家社会科学基金年度项目(24CTY030);2020年度教育部人文社会科学研究青年基金项目(20YJC690020);2019年江西省高等学校教学改革研究重点省级项目(JXJG-19-2-23)
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2025年第46卷第7期
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doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2025205
  • 接收时间:2025-01-20
  • 首发时间:2026-11-06
  • 出版时间:2025-07-25
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  • 收稿日期:2025-01-20
  • 修回日期:2025-05-06
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2024年国家社会科学基金年度项目(24CTY030);2020年度教育部人文社会科学研究青年基金项目(20YJC690020);2019年江西省高等学校教学改革研究重点省级项目(JXJG-19-2-23)
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    1江西师范大学体育学院, 南昌 330022
    2天津师范大学体育科学学院

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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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