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Article(id=1325521059461607655, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, issueId=1325521023759691810, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2025180, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1735056000000, receivedDateStr=2024-12-25, revisedDate=1746460800000, revisedDateStr=2025-05-06, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1793958447566, onlineDateStr=2026-11-06, pubDate=1753372800000, pubDateStr=2025-07-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1793958447566, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-11-06, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1793958447566, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1793958447566, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1325521023759691810, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, year='2025', volume='46', issue='7', pageStart='913', pageEnd='1064', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1753372800000', pubDateStr='2025-07-25', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1793958439054, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1793958439054, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext=null, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=1019, endPage=1022, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1325521059671322856, articleId=1325521059461607655, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, language=EN, title=Epidemiological survey on pubertal developmental characteristics of primary school students in Yangzhou City, columnId=1259565862181286284, journalTitle=Chinese Journal of School Health, columnName=Growth, Development and Surveillance, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

To investigate the timing of puberty onset among primary school students, so as to provide the reference data for early identification of children with suspected precocious puberty.

Methods

A study was conducted from October 23 to November 7, 2023, involving 10 225 students(5 412 boys, 4 813 girls) from grade 1 to 6 of four campuses in Meiling Primary School in Yangzhou. Breast development in girls and external genitalia in boys was assessed via visual inspection and palpation, with pubertal stages classified using the Tanner staging method. Puberty onset timing was determined based on age/sex reference values from Chinese Han children's pubertal milestone indicators. Descriptive analysis was performed using SPSS 26.0.

Results

The median age for testicular volume reaching 4 mL in boys was 10.49 years, while the median age for breast development onset in girls was 9.70 years. Among boys with testicular volume ≥4 mL, 16.6%(n=217) were identified as suspected early puberty cases; among girls with Tanner stage Ⅱ and Ⅲ, 123(9.4%) and 165(18.5%) showed earlier breast development than the reference range. Overall, 14.4% of students exhibited suspected precocious puberty.

Conclusion

The onset age of puberty for girls in primary schools of Yangzhou aligns with findings from other regions, while boys show earlier pubertal initiation.

, authors=Chengyin DOU, Lei ZHANG, Baojin GE, Lei WANG*, authorsList=Chengyin DOU, Lei ZHANG, Baojin GE, Lei WANG, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Lei WANG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=Copyright ©2025 Chinese Journal of School Health. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1325521060061393129, articleId=1325521059461607655, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, language=CN, title=扬州市小学生青春期发育特征的流行病学调查, columnId=1259565866786632093, journalTitle=中国学校卫生, columnName=生长发育与健康监测, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
目的

调查小学生青春发动时相情况，为早期识别出疑似青春期发动提前的儿童提供参考依据。

方法

2023年10月23日至11月7日，对扬州市梅岭小学4个校区10 225名一至六年级学生进行调查，其中男生5 412名，女生4 813名。对女生乳房、男生外生殖器进行视诊、触诊，使用Tanner分期法评价学生青春发育水平。青春发动时相通过中国汉族儿童青春期发育里程碑指标中的年龄、性别参考值进行判断。采用SPSS 26.0软件进行描述性分析。

结果

男生睾丸容积达4 mL的中位年龄为10.49岁，女生乳房开始发育的中位年龄为9.70岁。睾丸容积≥4 mL男生中，16.6%(217名)被判断为疑似青春发动提前；乳房发育TannerⅡ期和Ⅲ期的女生中，小学女生分别有123和165名(9.4%，18.5%)乳房发育对比同一发育阶段的年龄提前；共有14.4%的学生疑似青春发动提前。

结论

扬州市小学女生的青春发动年龄与其他地区相近，男生的青春发动年龄提前。

, authors=窦成茵, 张雷, 葛宝金, 王磊*, authorsList=窦成茵, 张雷, 葛宝金, 王磊, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=王磊, authorNote=

窦成茵(1996-)，女，陕西咸阳人，硕士，公共卫生医师，主要事儿童生长发育、婴幼儿养育照护及儿童早期发展相关工作

, correspAuthorsNote=
王磊，E-mail：
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窦成茵(1996-)，女，陕西咸阳人，硕士，公共卫生医师，主要事儿童生长发育、婴幼儿养育照护及儿童早期发展相关工作

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窦成茵(1996-)，女，陕西咸阳人，硕士，公共卫生医师，主要事儿童生长发育、婴幼儿养育照护及儿童早期发展相关工作

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(in Chinese), articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1325521072061296956, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, articleId=1325521059461607655, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=29, rfOrder=47, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=杨挺, 王明欢. 儿童性早熟与影响因素的调查分析[J]. 中国妇幼保健, 2016, 31(7): 1510-1512., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1325521072384258365, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, articleId=1325521059461607655, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=29, rfOrder=48, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=YANG T, WANG M H. Investigation and analysis of early puberty in children and its influencing factors[J]. 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Hefei: Anhui Medical University, 2024. (in Chinese), articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1325521072862409024, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, articleId=1325521059461607655, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=31, rfOrder=51, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=祖逸峥, 马薇. 女童青春期发育影响因素研究进展[J]. 生殖医学杂志, 2017, 26(4): 387-389., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1325521072937906497, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, articleId=1325521059461607655, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=31, rfOrder=52, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=ZU Y Z, MA W. Research progress of influencing factors of female puberty[J]. J Reprod Med, 2017, 26(4): 387-389. 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Distribution of Tanner staging of breast in girls and testicular volume development in boys across different age groups

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年龄/岁女生男生
人数ⅠⅡⅢⅣⅤ人数ⅠⅡⅢⅣⅤ
6683662(96.9)20(2.9)1(0.1)00750750(100.0)0000
7902787(87.3)103(11.4)12(1.3)001 0241 003(97.9)21(2.1)000
8827532(64.3)244(29.6)49(5.9)1(0.1)1(0.1)932786(84.3)146(15.7)000
9826276(33.4)416(50.4)123(14.9)10(1.2)1(0.1)902717(79.5)185(20.5)000
1069358(8.4)330(47.6)266(38.4)37(5.3)2(0.3)765568(74.2)193(25.3)3(0.4)1(0.1)0
1174316(2.2)169(22.7)367(49.4)159(21.4)32(4.3)879271(30.8)576(65.6)25(2.8)5(0.6)2(0.2)
121391(0.7)24(17.3)75(53.9)30(21.6)9(6.5)16013(8.1)114(71.3)21(13.1)11(6.9)1(0.6)
), ArticleFig(id=1325521063689466123, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, articleId=1325521059461607655, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

各年龄组女生乳房和男生睾丸Tanner分期分布

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年龄/岁女生男生
人数ⅠⅡⅢⅣⅤ人数ⅠⅡⅢⅣⅤ
6683662(96.9)20(2.9)1(0.1)00750750(100.0)0000
7902787(87.3)103(11.4)12(1.3)001 0241 003(97.9)21(2.1)000
8827532(64.3)244(29.6)49(5.9)1(0.1)1(0.1)932786(84.3)146(15.7)000
9826276(33.4)416(50.4)123(14.9)10(1.2)1(0.1)902717(79.5)185(20.5)000
1069358(8.4)330(47.6)266(38.4)37(5.3)2(0.3)765568(74.2)193(25.3)3(0.4)1(0.1)0
1174316(2.2)169(22.7)367(49.4)159(21.4)32(4.3)879271(30.8)576(65.6)25(2.8)5(0.6)2(0.2)
121391(0.7)24(17.3)75(53.9)30(21.6)9(6.5)16013(8.1)114(71.3)21(13.1)11(6.9)1(0.6)
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扬州市小学生青春期发育特征的流行病学调查
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窦成茵 , 张雷 , 葛宝金 , 王磊 *
中国学校卫生 | 生长发育与健康监测 2025,46(7): 1019-1022
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中国学校卫生 |生长发育与健康监测 2025 , 46 (7) : 1019 -1022
扬州市小学生青春期发育特征的流行病学调查
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窦成茵(1996-)，女，陕西咸阳人，硕士，公共卫生医师，主要事儿童生长发育、婴幼儿养育照护及儿童早期发展相关工作

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窦成茵, 张雷, 葛宝金, 王磊*
作者信息
  • 扬州大学医学院附属扬州妇幼保健院儿童保健科，江苏 225002
通讯作者:
王磊，E-mail：
作者简介:

窦成茵(1996-)，女，陕西咸阳人，硕士，公共卫生医师，主要事儿童生长发育、婴幼儿养育照护及儿童早期发展相关工作

Epidemiological survey on pubertal developmental characteristics of primary school students in Yangzhou City
Chengyin DOU, Lei ZHANG, Baojin GE, Lei WANG*
Affiliations
  • Child Healthcare Department of Yangzhou Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital Affiliated to Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225002, Jiangsu Province, China
出版时间: 2025-07-25 doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2025180
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摘要
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目的

调查小学生青春发动时相情况，为早期识别出疑似青春期发动提前的儿童提供参考依据。

方法

2023年10月23日至11月7日，对扬州市梅岭小学4个校区10 225名一至六年级学生进行调查，其中男生5 412名，女生4 813名。对女生乳房、男生外生殖器进行视诊、触诊，使用Tanner分期法评价学生青春发育水平。青春发动时相通过中国汉族儿童青春期发育里程碑指标中的年龄、性别参考值进行判断。采用SPSS 26.0软件进行描述性分析。

结果

男生睾丸容积达4 mL的中位年龄为10.49岁，女生乳房开始发育的中位年龄为9.70岁。睾丸容积≥4 mL男生中，16.6%(217名)被判断为疑似青春发动提前；乳房发育TannerⅡ期和Ⅲ期的女生中，小学女生分别有123和165名(9.4%，18.5%)乳房发育对比同一发育阶段的年龄提前；共有14.4%的学生疑似青春发动提前。

结论

扬州市小学女生的青春发动年龄与其他地区相近，男生的青春发动年龄提前。

青春期发育  /  Tanner分期  /  生长和发育  /  儿童
Objective

To investigate the timing of puberty onset among primary school students, so as to provide the reference data for early identification of children with suspected precocious puberty.

Methods

A study was conducted from October 23 to November 7, 2023, involving 10 225 students(5 412 boys, 4 813 girls) from grade 1 to 6 of four campuses in Meiling Primary School in Yangzhou. Breast development in girls and external genitalia in boys was assessed via visual inspection and palpation, with pubertal stages classified using the Tanner staging method. Puberty onset timing was determined based on age/sex reference values from Chinese Han children's pubertal milestone indicators. Descriptive analysis was performed using SPSS 26.0.

Results

The median age for testicular volume reaching 4 mL in boys was 10.49 years, while the median age for breast development onset in girls was 9.70 years. Among boys with testicular volume ≥4 mL, 16.6%(n=217) were identified as suspected early puberty cases; among girls with Tanner stage Ⅱ and Ⅲ, 123(9.4%) and 165(18.5%) showed earlier breast development than the reference range. Overall, 14.4% of students exhibited suspected precocious puberty.

Conclusion

The onset age of puberty for girls in primary schools of Yangzhou aligns with findings from other regions, while boys show earlier pubertal initiation.

Adolescent development  /  Tanner staging  /  Growth and development  /  Child
窦成茵, 张雷, 葛宝金, 王磊. 扬州市小学生青春期发育特征的流行病学调查. 中国学校卫生, 2025 , 46 (7) : 1019 -1022 . DOI: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2025180
Chengyin DOU, Lei ZHANG, Baojin GE, Lei WANG. Epidemiological survey on pubertal developmental characteristics of primary school students in Yangzhou City[J]. Chinese Journal of School Health, 2025 , 46 (7) : 1019 -1022 . DOI: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2025180
正文
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研究显示，中国女童和男童的青春期启动年龄已经从原先的11~12岁分别提前到现在的9.2和11.3岁[1]。这种变化可能是由多种因素引起的，包括遗传因素、环境因素(地理条件、环境污染等)、生活方式的变化等[2]。青春发动期是指青春期的早期阶段，在此期间儿童的生理变化非常明显，包括体格生长突增、性腺和生殖器发育、第二性征出现，这些事件开始出现的时间称为青春发动时相[3]。近年来，由于营养水平、生活习惯的改变，我国儿童青春期发动时相开始年龄有提前趋势，表现在女童青春期初潮的年龄逐渐提前[4-7]；男童的第二性征发育也有加快的趋势[8]，比如生殖器官发育、体毛生长等方面。青春期发动提前会使儿童发生心理和行为问题的风险增加[9-10], 还有可能导致成年后心血管代谢疾病、内分泌系统癌症等[11-13]。因此，早期筛查出青春期发动提前儿童至关重要。本研究旨在调查扬州市小学生青春期发育情况，早期识别小学生青春期疑似发动提前的情况，为儿童青春期保健及健康教育提供支持。
1　对象与方法
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1.1　对象
2023年10月23日至11月7日，对扬州市梅岭小学花都汇、马太路、梅岭和运河4个校区一至六年级学生通过体检活动进行数据收集，本次体检共10 225名学生，其中男生5 412名，女生4 813名。年龄范围为6.2~12.9岁，各年龄段男、女生分布差异无统计学意义(χ2=0.94，P>0.05)。本研究已通过扬州市妇幼保健院伦理委员会审查(批号：2023085)，研究已提前告知家长并取得同意。
1.2　方法
1.2.1　青春发育水平评价
由专业人员开展女生乳房、男生外生殖器视诊及触诊的体格检查。男生睾丸容积的测量采用触诊法，并用睾丸测量器进行比对，使用Tanner分期法将睾丸容积定性划分为Ⅰ~Ⅴ期，分别为＜4，4~ < 10，10~ < 15，15~ < 20，≥20 mL；女生乳房发育采用视诊和触诊法，使用Tanner分期法(Ⅰ~Ⅴ期)进行评价[14]。将女生乳房发育Tanner Ⅱ期(B2期)、男生睾丸容积达到4 mL(G2期)作为青春期发动的标志[14]。
1.2.2　疑似青春发动提前判断标准
根据2012年“中国青春期发育研究协作组”建立的中国汉族儿童青春期发育里程碑指标年龄、性别参考值进行判断[15]，该参考值基于我国9个地区3万余名城乡汉族6.0~18.9岁男、女生的青春期发育情况建立[15]，年龄小于同期P25年龄者定义为“疑似发动提前”，主要采用女性乳房、男性睾丸作为评价指标划分疑似青春发动提前和发动正常。标准中青春期指标采用女生乳房发育Tanner Ⅱ期、Tanner Ⅲ期以及男生睾丸容积≥4 mL 3个指标。
1.3　质量控制
研究前对所有的体检方法制定标准化流程，对所有参加调查的人员进行统一培训，体检结果按照Tanner分期标准进行评价、记录，体检医生对体检结果异常的数据当场核对。调查过程中安排人员对所有体检结果进行终检，有异常或遗漏进行核对补充。调查后对所有数据进行双录入，查看异常值并核对。
1.4　统计学分析
所有数据由SPSS 26.0软件进行统计分析，首先对定量变量的正态分布、偏度和异常值进行分析。根据是否符合正态性，连续变量用(x±s)或中位数(95%CI)表示，分类变量用频数(百分比)表示。采用χ2检验对各年龄段性别构成进行比较。双侧检验水准α=0.05。
2　结果
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2.1　女生乳房发育情况
女生乳房发育(即达到B2期)的中位年龄是9.70岁(95%CI=9.61~9.76)，乳房发育达到Tanner Ⅱ期的第3百分位数(P3)年龄为6.9岁，最早见于6.2岁，最晚见于12.2岁。最早在6岁组出现乳房发育的女生比例为3.0%，7~12岁青春期发动占比分别为12.7%，35.7%，66.6%，91.6%，97.8%和99.3%。出现乳房发育(即女童青春期发动)的高峰年龄主要集中在9和10岁组，检出率分别为50.4%和47.6%，女生在11岁之后的乳房Tanner分期大部分在B2期或以上。见表1。
2.2　男生睾丸发育情况
男生青春期发动，即睾丸容积达4 mL(G2期)的中位年龄为10.49岁(95%CI=10.38~10.60)，睾丸发育的P3年龄为8.1岁，最早见于7.2岁，最晚见于12.3岁。最早在7岁组出现睾丸发育的男生比例为2.1%，睾丸发育的高峰年龄主要为11岁，检出率为65.6%；从10，11岁时开始进入明显发育阶段，G2期检出率从10岁的25.3%增至11岁的65.6%，G3期主要集中在12岁以上。见表1。
2.3　青春期发动时相分析
睾丸容积≥4 mL的1 304名男童中，217名(16.6%)被判断为疑似发动提前；在乳房发育Ⅱ期和Ⅲ期的2 199名女生中，分别有123和165名(9.4%，18.5%)乳房发育对比同一发育阶段的年龄提前，为疑似发动提前。总体来看，共发现14.4%(505/3 503)的小学生疑似青春期发动提前。
3　讨论
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本研究中，女生的乳房发育中位年龄是9.70岁，男生睾丸开始发育的中位年龄为10.49岁。全国九大城市青春发育调查的研究[6]发现女童乳房发育中位年龄9.2岁，男童青春期启动的中位年龄为10.55岁[16]，与本研究的结果相近。但在2011年广州市[17]的在校学生体检中发现，女生乳房发育的中位数年龄为9.8岁，男生睾丸发育的中位数年龄为11.6岁；2013年一项在全国范围内的多中心研究发现[18]，女童呈现乳房发育B2的中位年龄是9.69岁，男童睾丸达G2期的中位年龄为11.25岁；此外还有在重庆2019年的调查[19]、2020年深圳学者的调查结果[20]都晚于本研究的发育年龄。整体来看，扬州市女生乳房发育的中位年龄与其他研究相近，但男生睾丸发育年龄相较其他地区提前。
本研究发现女生乳房发育最早见于6.2岁，P3年龄为6.9岁；男生睾丸发育最早见于7.2岁，P3年龄为8.1岁。广州市[17]研究报道女童乳房发育最早见于7.0岁，男童睾丸发育最早见于7.1岁，女童乳房发育最早年龄晚于本次研究，但男童睾丸最早发育年龄与本研究相近；在上海市女童青春期性发育指标的调查中发现，乳房发育达到Tanner Ⅱ期的P3年龄为5.94岁[21]，也更早于本研究报道的P3年龄。还有一项在西宁地区的研究报道6岁时女童乳腺发育占同龄者的4.5%[22]。但女童乳房发育并不等同于性早熟，被检出乳房过早发育的女童应进一步前往内分泌门诊进行确切诊断。
本研究还发现有16.6%的男生睾丸发育存在疑似发动提前，13.1%女生的乳房发育存在疑似发动提前。郑州的一项调查显示，青春发动时相提前的男生占13.0%，女生占11.8%，低于本研究筛查出疑似青春发动时相提前的男、女生占比[23]。总体来看，本研究发现有14.4%的小学生疑似青春发动提前；在重庆的一项研究发现[24]，青春发动提前的检出率为16.07%，高于本研究的结果。由于各地研究使用的对青春发动时相的划分标准不同，本研究根据男女生的Tanner分期进行判断，也有研究使用青春发育事件自我评定量表评价青春期发育水平，因此各地报道的结果相差较大。但本研究划分青春发动时相的指标在女生的分析上仅使用乳房发育Tanner Ⅱ和Ⅲ期指标，对Ⅳ和Ⅴ期女生发育分析不全，后续会进一步研究女生青春发动时相的指标。
目前我国儿童的青春发动时相呈现出逐步提前趋势的原因可能有以下几点：(1)营养水平的改善。近年来，我国的经济发展和生活水平提高，膳食结构优化、营养品种增加、食物供应多样化等因素，使儿童在成长过程中获得更多的营养。多项研究发现膳食营养与青春期启动存在关联，肉类、高脂饮食、糖摄入可能促进青春期提前开始，大豆制品和奶类的作用存在争议，膳食纤维可能避免青春期发动的提前[25-27]。微量营养素与青春期发育存在一定关联[28]，反季节蔬菜水果、营养滋补品也可能导致性早熟风险增加[29]。(2)家庭环境因素的影响。目前社会中，生活节奏加快，儿童也长期处于高压、高竞争的环境中，搬家、由父母以外的人抚养、性虐待、家庭月收入高均是女童青春期发育提前的危险因素[30]。(3)生活习惯的改变。现今儿童的生活方式发生了很大改变，比如手机、电脑等电子产品的普及。长时间的电子设备使用、缺乏户外活动、不规律的作息时间等因素，可能会对青春期的发育产生影响。有研究发现，缺乏体育锻炼的女童月经初潮较早，而经常体育锻炼的女童月经初潮推后，这可能与体育锻炼使女童体内的胆固醇含量减少，从而影响性激素的合成，导致下丘脑-垂体-性腺轴的启动减慢有关[31]。(4)化学物质的接触。环境中可能存在的激素类物质、化学物质等，特别是环境雌激素能够在儿童时期进入身体，引致儿童生殖系统功能紊乱，严重时会造成青春期发育异常[32]。(5)健康意识的提升。随着社会健康意识的提高，家长更加重视儿童的生长发育，这也可能导致家长和医生更早注意到孩子处于更早的青春期阶段。
综上所述，本研究通过调查扬州市小学生的青春期启动事件，以期可以早期识别出儿童青春期发动提前，避免性早熟对儿童带来的一系列危害，并且为下一步儿童青春期保健的宣教和措施制定提供理论支持。
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  • 2024年度扬州市基础研究计划(联合专项)卫生健康类项目(2024-2-14)
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2025年第46卷第7期
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doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2025180
  • 接收时间：2024-12-25
  • 首发时间：2026-11-06
  • 出版时间：2025-07-25
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  • 收稿日期：2024-12-25
  • 修回日期：2025-05-06
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2024年度扬州市基础研究计划(联合专项)卫生健康类项目(2024-2-14)
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    扬州大学医学院附属扬州妇幼保健院儿童保健科，江苏 225002

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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
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多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
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