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Article(id=1325520797309219128, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, issueId=1325520723858568134, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2025179, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1733932800000, receivedDateStr=2024-12-12, revisedDate=1744300800000, revisedDateStr=2025-04-11, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1793958385063, onlineDateStr=2026-11-06, pubDate=1750780800000, pubDateStr=2025-06-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1793958385063, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-11-06, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1793958385063, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1793958385063, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1325520723858568134, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, year='2025', volume='46', issue='6', pageStart='761', pageEnd='912', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1750780800000', pubDateStr='2025-06-25', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1793958367551, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1793958367551, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext=null, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=837, endPage=841, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1325520798953386297, articleId=1325520797309219128, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, language=EN, title=Association between moderate-to-vigorous physical activity and weight-adjusted waist index with psychological sub-health among middle school students, columnId=1259565855189418448, journalTitle=Chinese Journal of School Health, columnName=Mental Health, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

To examine the association between moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and weight-adjusted waist index (WWI) with psychological sub-health in middle school students, so as to provide a basis for mental health intervention and promotion.

Methods

From September to November 2023, a stratified cluster random sampling method was used to survey 47 372 middle school students aged 12-17 in Jiangsu, Xinjiang, Guangdong, Jilin and Henan provinces from eastern, western, southern, northern and central of China. MVPA, WWI, and psychological subhealth were assessed, with WWI categorized into quartiles (Q1-Q4). Data were analyzed using χ2 test, Logistic regression analysis and Logistic regression analysis of generalized linear models.

Results

The overall prevalence of psychological sub-health among middle school students was 21.0%, with higher rates in boys(21.4%) than girls(20.5%) (χ2=6.49, P < 0.05). The detection rates of emotional problems, behavioral problems and social adaptation difficulties in middle school students were 27.8%, 26.9% and 17.5%, respectively. The combination of MVPA and WWI groups was used as independent variables, and the covariates were adjusted to perform Logistic regression analysis of generalized linear model; while the Q1 group with MVPA>60 min/d was used as the reference group, the Q4 group with MVPA < 30 min/d had the highest risk of psychological sub-health detection(OR=1.58, 95%CI=1.38-1.81), and the detection risks of psychological sub-health among middle school students in Q1-Q3 groups were 1.34(1.17-1.53), 1.30(1.13-1.49) and 1.42(1.24-1.62)(P < 0.01).

Conclusions

MVPA and WWI are significantly associated with psychological sub-health in middle school students. Lower MVPA and higher WWI in middle school students correlate with increased sub-health risks. Interventions should aim to enhance MVPA levels and reduce WWI to improve mental well-being in middle school students.

, authors=Xuxiu GAO1, Jianfeng ZHANG2, authorsList=Xuxiu GAO, Jianfeng ZHANG, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=null, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=Copyright ©2025 Chinese Journal of School Health. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1325520800253620538, articleId=1325520797309219128, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, language=CN, title=中学生中高强度体力活动和体重调整腰围指数与心理亚健康的关联, columnId=1259565858817491410, journalTitle=中国学校卫生, columnName=心理卫生, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
目的

了解中学生中高强度体力活动(MVPA)和体重调整腰围指数(WWI)与心理亚健康之间的关联，为中学生心理健康干预和促进提供参考。

方法

2023年9—11月，采用分层整群随机抽样方法对中国东、西、南、北、中部的江苏、新疆、广东、吉林、河南47 372名12~17岁中学生进行MVPA、WWI和心理亚健康调查，将WWI进行四分位数划分(Q1、Q2、Q3、Q4)。采用χ2检验、Logistic回归分析、广义线性模型的Logistic回归分析进行数据分析。

结果

中学生心理亚健康检出率为21.0%，其中男生检出率(21.4%)高于女生(20.5%)，差异有统计学意义(χ2=6.49，P＜0.05)；中学生心理亚健康情绪问题、行为问题、社会适应困难维度检出率分别为27.8%，26.9%，17.5%。以中学生MVPA和WWI各组组合为自变量，调整协变量后进行广义线性模型的Logistic回归分析，以中学生MVPA>60 min/d中Q1组为参照组，中学生MVPA＜30 min/d中Q4组中学生心理亚健康检出风险最高(OR=1.58，95%CI=1.38~1.81)，Q1~Q3组中学生心理亚健康检出风险分别为1.34(1.17~1.53)，1.30(1.13~1.49)，1.42(1.24~1.62)(P值均 < 0.01)。

结论

中学生MVPA和WWI与心理亚健康之间存在关联，MVPA较低、WWI较高的中学生心理亚健康检出率较高。应采取措施有效提高中学生MVPA水平、降低WWI，促进心理健康发展。

, authors=高绪秀1, 张剑峰2, authorsList=高绪秀, 张剑峰, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=null, authorNote=

高绪秀(1980-)，女，山东淄博人，硕士，副教授，主要研究方向为体育与健康促进

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BMC Public Health, 2024, 24(1): 1023., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1325520811968311651, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, articleId=1325520797309219128, awardId=null, language=CN, fundingSource=天津市教委科研计划项目(2022SK146), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1325520801138618684, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, articleId=1325520797309219128, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1325520801436414269, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, articleId=1325520797309219128, companyId=1325520801138618684, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1Department of Physical Education, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin (300131), China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1325520801465774398, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, articleId=1325520797309219128, companyId=1325520801138618684, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1河北工业大学体育部，天津 300131)]), AuthorCompany(id=1325520802707288383, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, articleId=1325520797309219128, xref=2, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1325520802766008640, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, articleId=1325520797309219128, companyId=1325520802707288383, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2天津职业技术师范大学体育教学部)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1325520808596091224, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, articleId=1325520797309219128, language=EN, label=Tab.1, caption=

Comparison of detection rates of psychological sub-health among middle school students in different groups

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
组别选项人数检出人数χ2值P值
家庭月收入/元＜1 0005 2171 391(26.7)119.67＜0.01
1 000~4 00016 9553 477(20.5)
>4 000~6 00014 2682 804(19.7)
＞6 00010 9322 262(20.7)
上下学方式积极20 7624 251(20.5)5.470.02
消极26 6105 683(21.4)
每周摄入零食频次≤113 9822 463(17.6)537.49＜0.01
2~428 0695 734(20.4)
≥55 3211 737(32.6)
每日睡眠时长/h＜67 5222 417(32.1)734.67＜0.01
6~832 9256 454(19.6)
>86 9251 063(15.4)
), ArticleFig(id=1325520808659005785, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, articleId=1325520797309219128, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

不同组别中学生心理亚健康检出率比较

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
组别选项人数检出人数χ2值P值
家庭月收入/元＜1 0005 2171 391(26.7)119.67＜0.01
1 000~4 00016 9553 477(20.5)
>4 000~6 00014 2682 804(19.7)
＞6 00010 9322 262(20.7)
上下学方式积极20 7624 251(20.5)5.470.02
消极26 6105 683(21.4)
每周摄入零食频次≤113 9822 463(17.6)537.49＜0.01
2~428 0695 734(20.4)
≥55 3211 737(32.6)
每日睡眠时长/h＜67 5222 417(32.1)734.67＜0.01
6~832 9256 454(19.6)
>86 9251 063(15.4)
), ArticleFig(id=1325520809023910234, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, articleId=1325520797309219128, language=EN, label=Tab.2, caption=

Comparison of psychological sub-health and detection rates of various dimensions in MVPA and WWI groupsof middle school students

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
组别选项人数情绪问题行为问题社会适应困难心理亚健康
检出人数χ2值检出人数χ2值检出人数χ2值检出人数χ2值
MVPA /(min·d-1)＜3021 7546 977(32.1)368.666 398(29.4)133.484 482(20.6)280.435 292(24.3)276.10
30~6018 9984 623(24.3)4 667(24.6)2 867(15.1)3 489(18.4)
>606 6201 565(23.6)1 661(25.1)922(13.9)1 153(17.4)
WWI四分位数Q112 0403 426(28.5)24.433 275(27.2)26.862 227(18.5)14.522 484(20.6)25.47
Q211 9033 178(26.7)3 024(25.4)1 990(16.7)2 377(20.0)
Q311 7063 149(26.9)3 107(26.5)2 003(17.1)2 432(20.8)
Q411 7233 412(29.1)3 320(28.3)2 051(17.5)2 641(22.5)
), ArticleFig(id=1325520809120379227, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, articleId=1325520797309219128, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

不同MVPA和WWI分组中学生心理亚健康及各维度检出率比较

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
组别选项人数情绪问题行为问题社会适应困难心理亚健康
检出人数χ2值检出人数χ2值检出人数χ2值检出人数χ2值
MVPA /(min·d-1)＜3021 7546 977(32.1)368.666 398(29.4)133.484 482(20.6)280.435 292(24.3)276.10
30~6018 9984 623(24.3)4 667(24.6)2 867(15.1)3 489(18.4)
>606 6201 565(23.6)1 661(25.1)922(13.9)1 153(17.4)
WWI四分位数Q112 0403 426(28.5)24.433 275(27.2)26.862 227(18.5)14.522 484(20.6)25.47
Q211 9033 178(26.7)3 024(25.4)1 990(16.7)2 377(20.0)
Q311 7063 149(26.9)3 107(26.5)2 003(17.1)2 432(20.8)
Q411 7233 412(29.1)3 320(28.3)2 051(17.5)2 641(22.5)
), ArticleFig(id=1325520809422369116, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, articleId=1325520797309219128, language=EN, label=Tab.3, caption=

Logistic regression analyses of MVPA and WWI with psychological sub-health among middle school students(n=47 372)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
组别选项模型1模型2模型3
OR值(95%CI)P值OR值(95%CI)P值OR值(95%CI)P值
MVPA /(min·d-1)>601.001.001.00
30~601.07(0.99~1.15)0.091.06(0.99~1.14)0.121.01(0.94~1.09)0.86
＜301.52(1.42~1.64)＜0.011.51(1.41~1.63)＜0.011.32(1.23~1.42)＜0.01
WWI四分位数Q11.001.001.00
Q20.96(0.90~1.02)0.200.96(0.90~1.02)0.220.97(0.91~1.03)0.31
Q31.01(0.95~1.07)0.781.01(0.95~1.08)0.691.03(0.97~1.10)0.38
Q41.12(1.05~1.19)＜0.011.13(1.06~1.20)＜0.011.14(1.07~1.22)＜0.01
), ArticleFig(id=1325520809510449501, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, articleId=1325520797309219128, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

中学生MVPA和WWI与心理亚健康的Logistic回归分析(n=47 372)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
组别选项模型1模型2模型3
OR值(95%CI)P值OR值(95%CI)P值OR值(95%CI)P值
MVPA /(min·d-1)>601.001.001.00
30~601.07(0.99~1.15)0.091.06(0.99~1.14)0.121.01(0.94~1.09)0.86
＜301.52(1.42~1.64)＜0.011.51(1.41~1.63)＜0.011.32(1.23~1.42)＜0.01
WWI四分位数Q11.001.001.00
Q20.96(0.90~1.02)0.200.96(0.90~1.02)0.220.97(0.91~1.03)0.31
Q31.01(0.95~1.07)0.781.01(0.95~1.08)0.691.03(0.97~1.10)0.38
Q41.12(1.05~1.19)＜0.011.13(1.06~1.20)＜0.011.14(1.07~1.22)＜0.01
), ArticleFig(id=1325520811544686943, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, articleId=1325520797309219128, language=EN, label=Tab.4, caption=

Logistic regression analyses of combined effects of MVPA and WWI with psychological sub-health among middle school students

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MVPA/(min·d-1)WWI四分位数OR值(95%CI)P值
>60Q11.00
(n=6 620)Q20.84(0.70~1.01)0.06
Q30.88(0.74~1.05)0.17
Q40.95(0.80~1.14)0.60
30~60Q10.96(0.84~1.11)0.62
(n=18 998)Q20.94(0.82~1.09)0.41
Q30.95(0.82~1.09)0.46
Q41.07(0.93~1.23)0.34
＜30Q11.34(1.17~1.53)＜0.01
(n=21 754)Q21.30(1.13~1.49)＜0.01
Q31.42(1.24~1.62)＜0.01
Q41.58(1.38~1.81)＜0.01
), ArticleFig(id=1325520811636961633, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, articleId=1325520797309219128, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

中学生MVPA和WWI联合效应与心理亚健康Logistic回归分析

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MVPA/(min·d-1)WWI四分位数OR值(95%CI)P值
>60Q11.00
(n=6 620)Q20.84(0.70~1.01)0.06
Q30.88(0.74~1.05)0.17
Q40.95(0.80~1.14)0.60
30~60Q10.96(0.84~1.11)0.62
(n=18 998)Q20.94(0.82~1.09)0.41
Q30.95(0.82~1.09)0.46
Q41.07(0.93~1.23)0.34
＜30Q11.34(1.17~1.53)＜0.01
(n=21 754)Q21.30(1.13~1.49)＜0.01
Q31.42(1.24~1.62)＜0.01
Q41.58(1.38~1.81)＜0.01
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中学生中高强度体力活动和体重调整腰围指数与心理亚健康的关联
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高绪秀 1 , 张剑峰 2
中国学校卫生 | 心理卫生 2025,46(6): 837-841
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中国学校卫生 |心理卫生 2025 , 46 (6) : 837 -841
中学生中高强度体力活动和体重调整腰围指数与心理亚健康的关联
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高绪秀(1980-)，女，山东淄博人，硕士，副教授，主要研究方向为体育与健康促进

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高绪秀(1980-)，女，山东淄博人，硕士，副教授，主要研究方向为体育与健康促进

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高绪秀1, 张剑峰2
作者信息
  • 1河北工业大学体育部，天津 300131
  • 2天津职业技术师范大学体育教学部
作者简介:

高绪秀(1980-)，女，山东淄博人，硕士，副教授，主要研究方向为体育与健康促进

Association between moderate-to-vigorous physical activity and weight-adjusted waist index with psychological sub-health among middle school students
Xuxiu GAO1, Jianfeng ZHANG2
Affiliations
  • 1Department of Physical Education, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin (300131), China
出版时间: 2025-06-25 doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2025179
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摘要
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目的

了解中学生中高强度体力活动(MVPA)和体重调整腰围指数(WWI)与心理亚健康之间的关联，为中学生心理健康干预和促进提供参考。

方法

2023年9—11月，采用分层整群随机抽样方法对中国东、西、南、北、中部的江苏、新疆、广东、吉林、河南47 372名12~17岁中学生进行MVPA、WWI和心理亚健康调查，将WWI进行四分位数划分(Q1、Q2、Q3、Q4)。采用χ2检验、Logistic回归分析、广义线性模型的Logistic回归分析进行数据分析。

结果

中学生心理亚健康检出率为21.0%，其中男生检出率(21.4%)高于女生(20.5%)，差异有统计学意义(χ2=6.49，P＜0.05)；中学生心理亚健康情绪问题、行为问题、社会适应困难维度检出率分别为27.8%，26.9%，17.5%。以中学生MVPA和WWI各组组合为自变量，调整协变量后进行广义线性模型的Logistic回归分析，以中学生MVPA>60 min/d中Q1组为参照组，中学生MVPA＜30 min/d中Q4组中学生心理亚健康检出风险最高(OR=1.58，95%CI=1.38~1.81)，Q1~Q3组中学生心理亚健康检出风险分别为1.34(1.17~1.53)，1.30(1.13~1.49)，1.42(1.24~1.62)(P值均 < 0.01)。

结论

中学生MVPA和WWI与心理亚健康之间存在关联，MVPA较低、WWI较高的中学生心理亚健康检出率较高。应采取措施有效提高中学生MVPA水平、降低WWI，促进心理健康发展。

运动活动  /  体重调整腰围指数  /  精神卫生  /  回归分析  /  学生
Objective

To examine the association between moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and weight-adjusted waist index (WWI) with psychological sub-health in middle school students, so as to provide a basis for mental health intervention and promotion.

Methods

From September to November 2023, a stratified cluster random sampling method was used to survey 47 372 middle school students aged 12-17 in Jiangsu, Xinjiang, Guangdong, Jilin and Henan provinces from eastern, western, southern, northern and central of China. MVPA, WWI, and psychological subhealth were assessed, with WWI categorized into quartiles (Q1-Q4). Data were analyzed using χ2 test, Logistic regression analysis and Logistic regression analysis of generalized linear models.

Results

The overall prevalence of psychological sub-health among middle school students was 21.0%, with higher rates in boys(21.4%) than girls(20.5%) (χ2=6.49, P < 0.05). The detection rates of emotional problems, behavioral problems and social adaptation difficulties in middle school students were 27.8%, 26.9% and 17.5%, respectively. The combination of MVPA and WWI groups was used as independent variables, and the covariates were adjusted to perform Logistic regression analysis of generalized linear model; while the Q1 group with MVPA>60 min/d was used as the reference group, the Q4 group with MVPA < 30 min/d had the highest risk of psychological sub-health detection(OR=1.58, 95%CI=1.38-1.81), and the detection risks of psychological sub-health among middle school students in Q1-Q3 groups were 1.34(1.17-1.53), 1.30(1.13-1.49) and 1.42(1.24-1.62)(P < 0.01).

Conclusions

MVPA and WWI are significantly associated with psychological sub-health in middle school students. Lower MVPA and higher WWI in middle school students correlate with increased sub-health risks. Interventions should aim to enhance MVPA levels and reduce WWI to improve mental well-being in middle school students.

Motor activity  /  Weight-adjusted waist index  /  Mental health  /  Regression analysis  /  Students
高绪秀, 张剑峰. 中学生中高强度体力活动和体重调整腰围指数与心理亚健康的关联. 中国学校卫生, 2025 , 46 (6) : 837 -841 . DOI: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2025179
Xuxiu GAO, Jianfeng ZHANG. Association between moderate-to-vigorous physical activity and weight-adjusted waist index with psychological sub-health among middle school students[J]. Chinese Journal of School Health, 2025 , 46 (6) : 837 -841 . DOI: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2025179
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心理亚健康是指个体在心理上处于非健康状态，但尚未达到心理疾病诊断标准，表现为情绪波动、焦虑、注意力下降等症状[1]。世界卫生组织数据显示，全球10~19岁人群中，每7人就有1人患有精神疾病，这一年龄段精神疾病负担占全球疾病负担的13%[2]。2022年流行病学调查发现，6~16岁儿童青少年中精神障碍检出率为17.5%，并呈现继续升高趋势[3]。研究还显示，中国青少年心理亚健康检出率为15.50%[4]。青少年心理亚健康若得不到及时关注和引导，将会发展成更为严重的抑郁、焦虑甚至自杀行为，对青少年健康发展带来严重负面影响[5]。
研究显示，青少年体力活动水平呈下降趋势，尤其以中高强度体力活动(moderate-to-vigorous physical activity，MVPA)时间下降最为明显，对健康带来严重威胁[6]。全球80%以上在校青少年未达到目前建议的每天至少1 h身体活动标准[7]。青少年体力活动与心理健康之间存在紧密联系[8-9]。体重调整腰围指数(weight-adjusted waist index，WWI)作为近年来学者广泛关注的新型健康指标，与多项身体健康指标之间存在关联[10]，如WWI是预测糖尿病、心血管疾病和意外死亡的重要指标[11]。还有研究发现，青少年WWI升高与抑郁、焦虑水平升高存在关联[12]。为此，本研究对中国五大地理区域的12~17岁中学生进行MVPA和WWI及心理亚健康的调查，并分析其存在的关联，旨在为青少年心理健康干预和促进提供参考和借鉴。
1　对象与方法
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1.1　对象
2023年9—11月，采用分层整群随机抽样方法。首先依据中国不同省份城市的自然地理区域分布及经济发展水平，选择东部的江苏、西部的新疆、南部的广东、北部的吉林、中部的河南作为调查地区。其次，在每个省份分别选择1个省会城市和1个非省会城市作为抽样地区。最后，每个城市采用随机数字表法选取6所包括初中和高中的中学，每个年级抽取4个教学班级，以班级为单位，全体学生作为本研究对象。最终依据纳入条件，选择60所中学1 440个班级的48 234名12~17岁中学生作为研究参与者。调查后剔除无效问卷862份，最终收回有效数据47 372份，问卷有效回收率98.2%。其中男生23 596名，女生23 776名。本研究调查前获得参与者及家长的书面知情同意，并获得天津职业技术师范大学医学伦理学委员会的审批(批号：21457153)。
1.2　方法
1.2.1　MVPA测评
MVPA采用《7岁~18岁儿童青少年体力活动水平评价》(WS/T 10008—2023)进行评估[13]。问卷共27个条目，包括跑步、做家务、上下楼梯、篮球、羽毛球、足球等各类体力活动项目。参与者根据过去一周的实际情况选择每个体力活动项目的平均活动时长和频次及自我感受的强度，自我感受的体力活动强度分为“很累”“有点累”“轻松”。依据参与者的填写情况，计算参与者过去一周内的MVPA时长。该问卷与ActiGraPhGT3X三轴加速度计评估的体力活动水平相关性为0.69，具有较好的信、效度。依据参与者的实际情况，本研究将MVPA分为＞60，30~60，＜30 min/d三类[14]。
1.2.2　WWI测评
WWI=腰围/$\sqrt {体重} $。参与者体重和腰围依据学生体质健康调研要求的测试方法和仪器进行评估[15]，腰围的评估结果精确到0.1 cm，体重精确到0.1 kg，测试时要求参与者穿着轻薄的衣物。结合本研究实际，将参与者的WWI进行四分位数划分，分为Q1、Q2、Q3、Q4四组[16-17]。
1.2.3　心理亚健康测评
采用青少年亚健康多维评定问卷(Multidimensional Sub-health Questionnaire of Adolescents，MSQA)进行测评[1]，主要调查参与者过去6个月内的心理状况。MSQA量表包含情绪问题、行为问题、社会适应困难3个维度39个条目。参与者依据自身实际回答每个条目，每个条目由“无或者不足1周时间”~“持续3个月及以上”，共分为6个等级。参与者选择“持续1个月”及以上的选项时，即4~6等级记录为1分，1~3等级记录为0分。依据MSQA的计算方法，当对应条目得分相加后各维度分别≥3，≥4，≥8分时即表明参与者存在情绪问题、行为问题、社会适应困难；3个维度得分相加≥8分时，表明参与者存在心理亚健康。MSQA量表在青少年中应用广泛，具有较好的信、效度，Cronbach α系数为0.96[18-19]。
1.2.4　协变量
包括家庭月收入、上下学方式、摄入零食频次、睡眠时长。家庭月收入分为＜1 000，1 000~4 000，>4 000~6 000，＞6 000元。上下学方式分为积极方式和消极方式两个类型，积极方式包含骑自行车、步行上下学，消极方式包含乘坐公交车、地铁、私家车、骑电瓶车[20]。摄入零食频次依据过去一周的实际情况分为≤1，2~4，≥5次/周。依据参与者过去一周的平均睡眠时长，分为＜6，6~8，≥8 h/d[21-22]。
1.3　质量控制
问卷调查前由调查人员向调查对象说明调查的意义。问卷当场发放并当场收回。问卷收回时工作人员检查填写情况，对漏填和错填的部分要求学生给予及时补充。
1.4　统计学分析
数据采用SPSS 25.0软件进行处理，计数资料用频数或百分率描述，不同性别学生心理亚健康检出率的比较采用χ2检验。以中学生是否存在心理亚健康(0=否，1=是)为因变量，以MVPA和WWI为自变量，对协变量进行调整后，采用Logistic回归分析MVPA和WWI与心理亚健康的关联。为进一步分析MVPA和WWI联合效应对心理亚健康的影响，以MVPA和WWI各组进行组合，调整相关协变量后，进行广义线性模型的Logistic回归分析。双侧检验水准α=0.05。
2　结果
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2.1　中学生心理亚健康检出情况
中学生心理亚健康检出率为21.0%(9 934名)；其中男生心理亚健康检出率(21.4%，5 061名)高于女生(20.5%，4 873名)，差异有统计学意义(χ2=6.49，P＜0.05)。中学生心理亚健康情绪问题、行为问题、社会适应困难维度检出率分别为27.8%，26.9%，17.5%；男生在行为问题(28.3%，6 679名)和社会适应困难(18.4%，4 335名)维度上检出率均高于女生(25.4%，6 047名；16.6%，3 936名)，差异均有统计学意义(χ2值分别为49.73，27.14，P值均＜0.01)；但男、女生在情绪问题维度上检出率(27.9%，6 582名；27.7%，6 583名)差异无统计学意义(χ2=0.25，P＞0.05)。
2.2　不同组别中学生心理亚健康检出率比较
不同家庭月收入、上下学方式、每周摄入零食频次、睡眠时长青少年心理亚健康检出率差异均有统计学意义(P值均＜0.05)。见表1。
2.3　中学生MVPA和WWI与心理亚健康的单因素分析
中学生在不同MVPA和WWI四分位数方面，心理亚健康及情绪问题、行为问题、社会适应困难3个维度的检出率差异均有统计学意义(P值均＜0.01)。见表2。
2.4　中学生MVPA和WWI与心理亚健康的Logistic回归分析
结果显示，模型3调整相关协变量后，MVPA＜30 min/d组中学生心理亚健康的检出风险是MVPA>60 min/d组的1.32倍(95%CI=1.23~1.42)；WWI Q4组中学生心理亚健康的检出风险是Q1组的1.14倍(95%CI=1.07~1.22)(P值均＜0.01)。见表3。
2.5　中学生MVPA和WWI联合效应与心理亚健康的Logistic回归分析
广义线性模型的Logistic回归调整模型显示，以中学生MVPA>60 min/d中Q1组为参照组，中学生MVPA＜30 min/d中Q4组中学生心理亚健康检出率风险最高(OR=1.58, 95%CI=1.38~1.81，P＜0.01)。见表4。
3　讨论
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青少年心理亚健康检出率呈现升高趋势，对青少年期学业发展和未来成年期成就产生重要影响，并已成为世界各国共同关注的重点精神卫生问题，受到学者们的广泛关注[23]。本研究结果显示，中学生心理亚健康检出率为21.0%，低于美国青少年的调查结果(23.4%)[24]。导致不同地区研究结果存在差异的原因是多方面的。首先，不同研究对青少年评价的标准并不一致，采用的评价工具也存在一定差异，可能是导致结果不同的重要原因[25]。其次，不同研究的调查对象不同，受到不同国家民族、地域、文化因素影响，对心理亚健康的界定和认识存在一定差异，也可能是导致不同研究结果不一致的重要原因[26]。本研究结果显示，中学男生(21.4%)心理亚健康检出率高于女生(20.5%)，与以往研究存在一定差异[27]。过去的研究显示，女生心理亚健康检出率高于男生[28]。可能因为随着社会经济的发展，家庭父母对男生要求较高、承担的责任较大，加之学业的压力，导致本研究中男生心理亚健康检出率高于女生[29]。
本研究结果显示，MVPA时长较短的中学生相比MVPA时长较长中学生，心理亚健康的检出风险更高，与过去多项研究结论一致[30-31]。研究显示，青少年MVPA时间的增加能够有效促进身体血液循环，增加大脑供血流量，提高大脑激活状态，促进心理健康发展[32]。还有研究发现，MVPA的延长能够刺激大脑多巴胺分泌，对心理健康发展也起到积极影响[33]。有研究显示，WWI与腰围身高比和体质量指数指标相比，能够更好地预测青少年的肥胖[34]。本研究结果显示，中学生WWI的增高与心理亚健康检出率增高存在正相关。首先，WWI是反映身体脂肪分布的重要指标，WWI升高提示身体脂肪含量的增加；而脂肪含量的增加与脂肪因子存在关联，这些因子与中学生情绪调节和行为控制存在一定关联，可能是WWI与心理亚健康存在关联的重要原因[35]。其次，WWI变化与中学生的自我形象和自尊之间存在一定关联，肥胖体型可能也是导致心理亚健康发生的重要原因[36]。还有研究显示，WWI升高导致的肥胖与认知功能障碍之间存在关联，而认知障碍的发生也是导致心理亚健康发生的重要因素[37]。
本研究结果还显示，MVPA和WWI的联合效应与心理亚健康之间存在关联。进一步说明MVPA降低和WWI升高与中学生心理亚健康的发生存在正相关。首先，MVPA的降低会进一步增加体重风险，从而引起WWI值升高，导致中学生心理亚健康发生。其次，MVPA降低会使身体肠道菌群发生改变，引起身体炎症反应，导致大脑激素分泌的紊乱[38]。“肠-脑轴”学说认为肠-脑轴是连接肠神经系统和中枢神经系统的双向通信网络，这种网络影响下丘脑-垂体-肾上腺轴以及胃肠道内的神经，从而影响情绪、认知和心理健康[39]。另外，WWI的升高也会导致MVPA时长减少，两者存在相互影响的效应，可能是MVPA与WWI对心理亚健康影响存在联合效应的重要原因[40]。
本研究存在一定的局限性：首先，研究中MVPA的评估采用问卷的方式进行，受到参与者回忆能力的影响，可能会导致与实际情况之间存在一定偏差；未来应采用更为客观的ActigraphGT3X型加速度计进行青少年体力活动的评估，以获得更为准确的分析结果。其次，中学生心理亚健康受到多方面因素的综合影响，然而本研究纳入的协变量有限，结果分析可能存在偏差；未来应纳入更多的协变量，如社交媒体使用、学业压力等新兴风险因素，以及父母教育水平、校园欺凌经历等变量，以更好分析MVPA和WWI与心理亚健康之间存在的关联。
基金
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  • 天津市教委科研计划项目(2022SK146)
文献
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2025年第46卷第6期
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doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2025179
  • 接收时间：2024-12-12
  • 首发时间：2026-11-06
  • 出版时间：2025-06-25
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  • 收稿日期：2024-12-12
  • 修回日期：2025-04-11
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天津市教委科研计划项目(2022SK146)
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    1河北工业大学体育部，天津 300131
    2天津职业技术师范大学体育教学部
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family		 属数
Number of
genus		 种数
Number of
species		 占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)		 属
Genus		 种数
Number of
species		 占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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