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Article(id=1325520803982344668, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, issueId=1325520723858568134, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2025176, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1740412800000, receivedDateStr=2025-02-25, revisedDate=1744300800000, revisedDateStr=2025-04-11, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1793958386654, onlineDateStr=2026-11-06, pubDate=1750780800000, pubDateStr=2025-06-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1793958386654, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-11-06, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1793958386654, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1793958386654, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1325520723858568134, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, year='2025', volume='46', issue='6', pageStart='761', pageEnd='912', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1750780800000', pubDateStr='2025-06-25', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1793958367551, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1793958367551, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext=null, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=842, endPage=846, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1325520804464689629, articleId=1325520803982344668, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, language=EN, title=Association of depressive symptom characteristics with sleep quality and psychological resilience in adolescents, columnId=1259565855189418448, journalTitle=Chinese Journal of School Health, columnName=Mental Health, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

To explore the latent class characteristics of depressive symptoms in adolescents and their association with sleep quality and psychological resilience, so as to provide references for identifying high-risk groups and developing tiered intervention strategies.

Methods

From March to May 2024, 3 155 students from grade 5-9 of five primary and secondary schools in Shihezi and Changji, Xinjiang, were selected via convenience sampling. Anonymous self-report questionnaires were administered using 10-item Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale (CES-D-10), 10-item Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC-10), and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). Latent profile analysis (LPA) was conducted for depressive symptoms, and multivariate Logistic regression models were used to examine associations of latent classes with sleep quality and psychological resilience of adolescents.

Results

The CES-D-10 score of adolescents was 7.0 (4.0, 12.0), and the PSQI score was 5.0 (3.0, 7.0). LPA identified four subgroups: low depressive symptom group (57.7%), moderate depressive-typical symptom group (15.2%), moderate depressive-functional retention group (16.6%) and high depressive symptom group (10.5%). Logistic regression revealed that compared to the low-symptom group, moderate depressive-typical symptom group, moderate depressive-functional retention group and high depressive symptom group exhibited poorer sleep quality (OR=1.54, 1.51, 1.77) and lower psychological resilience (OR=0.94, 0.96, 0.92) (P < 0.05).

Conclusion

Poor sleep quality and insufficient psychological resilience are universal risk factors for adolescent depression, with younger age associated with higher vulnerability.

, authors=Jialin WEI1, Zhujiang MA2, Buzohre ELI*, 1, authorsList=Jialin WEI, Zhujiang MA, Buzohre ELI, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Buzohre ELI, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=Copyright ©2025 Chinese Journal of School Health. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1325520807761412576, articleId=1325520803982344668, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, language=CN, title=青少年抑郁症状特征与睡眠质量和心理韧性的关系, columnId=1259565858817491410, journalTitle=中国学校卫生, columnName=心理卫生, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
目的

探讨青少年抑郁症状潜在类别特征及其与睡眠质量和心理韧性的关联，为识别抑郁症状高风险群体及制定分级干预方案提供参考。

方法

于2024年3—5月，采用方便抽样方法选取新疆石河子市和昌吉市5所中小学3 155名五至九年级学生，使用简版流调中心用抑郁量表(CES-D-10)、简版心理韧性量表(CD-RISC-10)和匹兹堡睡眠质量指数量表(PSQI)进行匿名自填式问卷调查。对青少年抑郁症状进行潜在剖面分析，采用多元Logistic回归模型分析青少年抑郁症状潜在类别特征与睡眠质量和心理韧性的关联性。

结果

青少年CES-D-10得分为7.0(4.0，12.0)分，PSQI得分为5.0(3.0, 7.0)分。潜在剖面分析显示，青少年抑郁症状可分为低抑郁症状组(57.7%)、中度抑郁-典型症状组(15.2%)、中度抑郁-功能保留组(16.6%)和高抑郁症状组(10.5%)4个亚组。Logistic回归分析结果显示，相比低抑郁症状组，中度抑郁-典型症状组、中度抑郁-功能保留组和高抑郁症状组均表现出更差的睡眠质量(OR值分别为1.54，1.51，1.77)和更低的心理韧性(OR值分别为0.94，0.96，0.92)(P值均 < 0.05)。

结论

睡眠质量差和心理韧性不足是青少年抑郁的普遍风险因素，且年龄越小风险越大。

, authors=魏嘉霖1, 马珠江2, 布威佐热姆·艾力*, 1, authorsList=魏嘉霖, 马珠江, 布威佐热姆·艾力, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=布威佐热姆·艾力, authorNote=

魏嘉霖(2004-)，女，重庆市开州人，在读本科，主要研究方向为儿童青少年心理健康与促进

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布威佐热姆·艾力，E-mail:
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Annu Rev Sociol, 1989, 15(1): 291-316., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1325520820537262600, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, articleId=1325520803982344668, awardId=null, language=CN, fundingSource=2024年度石河子大学高层次人才科研启动项目(RCSK202435)；2023年度石河子大学自主资助支持校级科研项目(ZZZC2023076)；2024年新疆自治区天池英才青年博士项目(CZ002203), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1325520808583496161, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, articleId=1325520803982344668, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1325520808591884770, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, articleId=1325520803982344668, companyId=1325520808583496161, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1Department of Psychology, Normal College, Shihezi University, Shihezi (832003), Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1325520808600273379, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, articleId=1325520803982344668, companyId=1325520808583496161, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1石河子大学师范学院心理学系，新疆 832003)]), AuthorCompany(id=1325520808965177828, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, articleId=1325520803982344668, xref=2, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1325520809028092389, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, articleId=1325520803982344668, companyId=1325520808965177828, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2脑动极光脑研院)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1325520816946938368, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, articleId=1325520803982344668, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=CES-D-10 scores for potential categories of adolescent depressive symptoms, figureFileSmall=FmFHgF0NxUf2jX9Xlf0QvQ==, figureFileBig=pYEpa+t5LH8OJBSlEgUy7Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1325520817043407361, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, articleId=1325520803982344668, language=CN, label=图1, caption=青少年抑郁症状潜在类别CES-D-10得分, figureFileSmall=FmFHgF0NxUf2jX9Xlf0QvQ==, figureFileBig=pYEpa+t5LH8OJBSlEgUy7Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1325520817769021954, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, articleId=1325520803982344668, language=EN, label=Tab.1, caption=

Fit indices for latent profile analysis of adolescent depressive symptoms (n=3 155)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
模型AIC值BIC值aBIC值Entropy值PLMRT值PBLRT值类别概率/%
C186 852.8786 974.0086 910.46———100.0
C278 526.7678 714.5278 616.020.91＜0.01＜0.0127.3/72.7
C376 312.1476 566.5375 310.550.92＜0.01＜0.0110.3/26.4/63.2
C473 714.7974 035.7973 867.390.95＜0.01＜0.0157.7/15.2/16.6/10.5
C572 952.2673 339.9073 136.540.94＜0.01＜0.016.5/8.7/10.5/17.3/57.0
), ArticleFig(id=1325520817873879555, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, articleId=1325520803982344668, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

青少年抑郁症状潜在剖面分析拟合指数(n=3 155)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
模型AIC值BIC值aBIC值Entropy值PLMRT值PBLRT值类别概率/%
C186 852.8786 974.0086 910.46———100.0
C278 526.7678 714.5278 616.020.91＜0.01＜0.0127.3/72.7
C376 312.1476 566.5375 310.550.92＜0.01＜0.0110.3/26.4/63.2
C473 714.7974 035.7973 867.390.95＜0.01＜0.0157.7/15.2/16.6/10.5
C572 952.2673 339.9073 136.540.94＜0.01＜0.016.5/8.7/10.5/17.3/57.0
), ArticleFig(id=1325520818263949828, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, articleId=1325520803982344668, language=EN, label=Tab.2, caption=

Demographic distribution characteristics of different potential categories of adolescent depressive symptoms

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
潜在类别人数性别寄宿
女男住校走读
低抑郁症状组1 822878 (48.19)944(51.81)509(27.94)1 313(72.06)
中度抑郁-典型症状组480278 (57.92)202(42.08)154(32.08)326(67.92)
中度抑郁-功能保留组523272(52.01)251(47.99)199(38.05)324(61.95)
高抑郁症状组330192(58.18)138(41.82)104(31.52)226(68.48)
χ2值21.8320.38
P值＜0.01＜0.01
), ArticleFig(id=1325520818603688453, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, articleId=1325520803982344668, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

青少年抑郁症状潜在类别的人口学分布特征

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
潜在类别人数性别寄宿
女男住校走读
低抑郁症状组1 822878 (48.19)944(51.81)509(27.94)1 313(72.06)
中度抑郁-典型症状组480278 (57.92)202(42.08)154(32.08)326(67.92)
中度抑郁-功能保留组523272(52.01)251(47.99)199(38.05)324(61.95)
高抑郁症状组330192(58.18)138(41.82)104(31.52)226(68.48)
χ2值21.8320.38
P值＜0.01＜0.01
), ArticleFig(id=1325520820293992966, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, articleId=1325520803982344668, language=EN, label=Tab.3, caption=

Multiple Logistic regression analysis of related factors for the latent categories of adolescent depressive symptoms (n=3 155)

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因变量自变量B值标准误Z值Wald χ2值P值OR值(95%CI)
C2性别-0.250.12-2.204.830.030.78(0.62~0.97)
年龄0.020.040.430.190.671.02(0.94~1.09)
寄宿类型0.170.121.371.870.171.19(0.93~1.51)
PSQI得分0.430.0218.32335.52＜0.011.54(1.47~1.61)
CD-RISC-10得分-0.060.01-9.2485.33＜0.010.94(0.93~0.95)
C3性别-0.050.11-0.460.210.640.95(0.77~1.18)
年龄0.070.041.913.640.061.07(1.00~1.15)
寄宿类型-0.080.12-0.720.520.470.92(0.73~1.16)
PSQI得分0.410.0217.89320.03＜0.011.51(1.44~1.57)
CD-RISC-10得分-0.050.01-7.0950.19＜0.010.96(0.94~0.97)
C4性别-0.170.14-1.191.410.240.85(0.64~1.11)
年龄-0.150.05-3.2610.64＜0.010.86(0.78~0.94)
寄宿类型0.170.151.091.190.281.18(0.88~1.59)
PSQI得分0.570.0321.30453.51＜0.011.77(1.68~1.87)
CD-RISC-10得分-0.080.01-10.26105.22＜0.010.92(0.91~0.94)
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青少年抑郁症状潜在类别相关因素多元Logistic回归分析(n=3 155)

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因变量自变量B值标准误Z值Wald χ2值P值OR值(95%CI)
C2性别-0.250.12-2.204.830.030.78(0.62~0.97)
年龄0.020.040.430.190.671.02(0.94~1.09)
寄宿类型0.170.121.371.870.171.19(0.93~1.51)
PSQI得分0.430.0218.32335.52＜0.011.54(1.47~1.61)
CD-RISC-10得分-0.060.01-9.2485.33＜0.010.94(0.93~0.95)
C3性别-0.050.11-0.460.210.640.95(0.77~1.18)
年龄0.070.041.913.640.061.07(1.00~1.15)
寄宿类型-0.080.12-0.720.520.470.92(0.73~1.16)
PSQI得分0.410.0217.89320.03＜0.011.51(1.44~1.57)
CD-RISC-10得分-0.050.01-7.0950.19＜0.010.96(0.94~0.97)
C4性别-0.170.14-1.191.410.240.85(0.64~1.11)
年龄-0.150.05-3.2610.64＜0.010.86(0.78~0.94)
寄宿类型0.170.151.091.190.281.18(0.88~1.59)
PSQI得分0.570.0321.30453.51＜0.011.77(1.68~1.87)
CD-RISC-10得分-0.080.01-10.26105.22＜0.010.92(0.91~0.94)
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青少年抑郁症状特征与睡眠质量和心理韧性的关系
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魏嘉霖 1 , 马珠江 2 , 布威佐热姆·艾力 *, 1
中国学校卫生 | 心理卫生 2025,46(6): 842-846
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中国学校卫生 |心理卫生 2025 , 46 (6) : 842 -846
青少年抑郁症状特征与睡眠质量和心理韧性的关系
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魏嘉霖1, 马珠江2, 布威佐热姆·艾力*, 1
作者信息
  • 1石河子大学师范学院心理学系，新疆 832003
  • 2脑动极光脑研院
通讯作者:
布威佐热姆·艾力，E-mail:
作者简介:

魏嘉霖(2004-)，女，重庆市开州人，在读本科，主要研究方向为儿童青少年心理健康与促进

Association of depressive symptom characteristics with sleep quality and psychological resilience in adolescents
Jialin WEI1, Zhujiang MA2, Buzohre ELI*, 1
Affiliations
  • 1Department of Psychology, Normal College, Shihezi University, Shihezi (832003), Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China
出版时间: 2025-06-25 doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2025176
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摘要
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目的

探讨青少年抑郁症状潜在类别特征及其与睡眠质量和心理韧性的关联，为识别抑郁症状高风险群体及制定分级干预方案提供参考。

方法

于2024年3—5月，采用方便抽样方法选取新疆石河子市和昌吉市5所中小学3 155名五至九年级学生，使用简版流调中心用抑郁量表(CES-D-10)、简版心理韧性量表(CD-RISC-10)和匹兹堡睡眠质量指数量表(PSQI)进行匿名自填式问卷调查。对青少年抑郁症状进行潜在剖面分析，采用多元Logistic回归模型分析青少年抑郁症状潜在类别特征与睡眠质量和心理韧性的关联性。

结果

青少年CES-D-10得分为7.0(4.0，12.0)分，PSQI得分为5.0(3.0, 7.0)分。潜在剖面分析显示，青少年抑郁症状可分为低抑郁症状组(57.7%)、中度抑郁-典型症状组(15.2%)、中度抑郁-功能保留组(16.6%)和高抑郁症状组(10.5%)4个亚组。Logistic回归分析结果显示，相比低抑郁症状组，中度抑郁-典型症状组、中度抑郁-功能保留组和高抑郁症状组均表现出更差的睡眠质量(OR值分别为1.54，1.51，1.77)和更低的心理韧性(OR值分别为0.94，0.96，0.92)(P值均 < 0.05)。

结论

睡眠质量差和心理韧性不足是青少年抑郁的普遍风险因素，且年龄越小风险越大。

抑郁  /  睡眠  /  精神卫生  /  回归分析  /  青少年
Objective

To explore the latent class characteristics of depressive symptoms in adolescents and their association with sleep quality and psychological resilience, so as to provide references for identifying high-risk groups and developing tiered intervention strategies.

Methods

From March to May 2024, 3 155 students from grade 5-9 of five primary and secondary schools in Shihezi and Changji, Xinjiang, were selected via convenience sampling. Anonymous self-report questionnaires were administered using 10-item Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale (CES-D-10), 10-item Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC-10), and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). Latent profile analysis (LPA) was conducted for depressive symptoms, and multivariate Logistic regression models were used to examine associations of latent classes with sleep quality and psychological resilience of adolescents.

Results

The CES-D-10 score of adolescents was 7.0 (4.0, 12.0), and the PSQI score was 5.0 (3.0, 7.0). LPA identified four subgroups: low depressive symptom group (57.7%), moderate depressive-typical symptom group (15.2%), moderate depressive-functional retention group (16.6%) and high depressive symptom group (10.5%). Logistic regression revealed that compared to the low-symptom group, moderate depressive-typical symptom group, moderate depressive-functional retention group and high depressive symptom group exhibited poorer sleep quality (OR=1.54, 1.51, 1.77) and lower psychological resilience (OR=0.94, 0.96, 0.92) (P < 0.05).

Conclusion

Poor sleep quality and insufficient psychological resilience are universal risk factors for adolescent depression, with younger age associated with higher vulnerability.

Depression  /  Sleep  /  Mental health  /  Regression analysis  /  Adolescent
魏嘉霖, 马珠江, 布威佐热姆·艾力. 青少年抑郁症状特征与睡眠质量和心理韧性的关系. 中国学校卫生, 2025 , 46 (6) : 842 -846 . DOI: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2025176
Jialin WEI, Zhujiang MA, Buzohre ELI. Association of depressive symptom characteristics with sleep quality and psychological resilience in adolescents[J]. Chinese Journal of School Health, 2025 , 46 (6) : 842 -846 . DOI: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2025176
正文
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青少年抑郁是当前全球范围内的重要公共卫生问题，不仅严重损害青少年的身心健康，还对其社会功能发展产生长期负面影响[1]。数据显示我国青少年抑郁症状检出率已攀升至24.3%[1-2]。抑郁症状不仅导致情绪低落、兴趣减退等，还会损害青少年的认知功能、学业表现和社会适应能力，严重者甚至可能产生自杀等极端行为[2]。为应对这一挑战，《“健康中国2030”规划纲要》明确提出加强心理健康服务体系建设[3]，《全面加强和改进新时代学生心理健康工作专项行动计划(2023—2025年)》更将建立抑郁风险预警模型列为重点攻关方向[4]。传统研究多采用单一临界值划分抑郁状态，但越来越多的证据表明，情绪障碍实际上具有多维异质性特征[5]。潜在剖面分析方法(latent profile analysis, LPA)作为一种能够从多元分类数据中识别同质子群的有效统计方法，已在心理学和精神病学领域展现出独特的价值[6]。一方面，横断历史元分析研究显示，我国中学生的睡眠质量在21世纪以来呈现持续下降趋势[7]；另一方面，研究证实抑郁与睡眠质量之间存在复杂的双向关联[8]。同时，作为个体重要的心理资源，心理韧性已被证明是抑郁症状的相关因素[9]，能够缓冲负性生活事件对心理健康的消极影响[10]。
基于此，本研究拟采用潜在剖面分析方法，系统考察青少年抑郁症状的异质性特征，分析睡眠质量与心理韧性在不同抑郁亚群中的分布模式，为构建针对青少年心理健康的多维度、精准化干预方案提供理论依据和实践指导。
1　对象与方法
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1.1　对象
2024年3—5月，采用方便抽样方法选取新疆石河子市和昌吉市5所中小学五至九年级学生为研究对象。在征得教师及学生本人知情同意后，发放并收集纸质版问卷共3 177份，剔除缺失＞10%或规律作答的无效问卷，最终有效问卷3 155份，有效回收率99.3%。其中男生1 535名(48.7%)，女生1 620名(51.3%)；住校生966名(30.6%)，走读生2 189名(69.4%)；年龄10~17岁，中位数为14.0(13.0, 14.0)岁。研究对象均自愿参与并签署知情同意书，研究获得石河子大学第一附属医院伦理委员会批准(批号：KJ2024-205-02)。
1.2　方法
1.2.1　一般情况调查
主要包括性别、年龄和寄宿类型等。
1.2.2　简版流调中心用抑郁量表(10-item Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scales, CES-D-10)
该量表由Andresen等[11]在20条目流调中心用抑郁量表的基础上简化而来，用于广泛人群抑郁状况的自我评估。量表包括10个条目(烦恼、情绪消沉、害怕、孤独感、注意问题、乏力、睡眠问题、能力丧失、绝望感、无愉快感)，采用0~3评分，总分0~30分，得分越高表明抑郁症状越严重。其中总分≥10分为存在抑郁症状[11]。中文版CES-D-10在我国不同的人群中有较高的信、效度[12]，本研究中该量表的Cronbach α系数为0.81。
1.2.3　简版心理韧性量表(10-item Conner-Davidson Resilience Scale, CD-RISC-10)[13]
该量表由10个条目组成，采用0~4评分。量表总分0~40分，得分越高表明心理韧性水平越高。本研究中该量表的Cronbach α系数为0.94。
1.2.4　匹兹堡睡眠质量指数量表(Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, PSQI)
该量表由Buysse等[14]编制，用于评估个体最近1个月的睡眠质量。量表包含19个自评条目，分为7个成分，每个成分按0~3分计分，总分范围为0~21分，得分越高表示睡眠质量越差，其中总分≥8分为有睡眠问题。本研究中该量表的Cronbach α系数为0.83。
1.3　质量控制
问卷由经统一培训的专业人员施测，采用统一指导语向被试介绍调查目的、内容、问卷填写注意事项，并签署知情同意书后在班级集体施测，施测时间为15~20 min，被试均为匿名自愿填写纸质版问卷。主试全程监督，即时回收问卷。测试后，主试筛选有效问卷、录入数据。
1.4　统计学分析
使用Mplus 7.3软件对青少年抑郁症状进行潜在剖面分析。模型适配检验指标包括信息评价指标赤池信息准则(Akaike information criterion，AIC)、贝叶斯信息准则(Bayesian information criterion，BIC)和样本校正的贝叶斯信息准则(adjusted BIC，aBIC)，这3个指标值越低，表示模型拟合效果越好。同时，采用熵(Entropy)值作为衡量分类准确性的指标，其值阈介于0~1，Entropy＞0.8表示分类的准确率已超过90%[15]。使用SPSS 26.0软件进行描述性统计分析，计数资料采用例数和百分率表示，组间比较采用χ2检验。计量资料正态性检验结果显示年龄、睡眠质量、心理韧性和抑郁症状得分不符合正态分布，用M(P25，P75)表示，组间比较使用Kruskal-Wallis检验。最后，将抑郁症状各个潜在剖面结果作为因变量，将人口学变量、睡眠质量和心理韧性作为自变量进行多元Logistic回归分析，探究各因素与抑郁症状的相关性。检验水准α=0.05。
2　结果
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2.1　青少年各量表得分情况
CES-D-10得分为7.0(4.0, 12.0)分，37.6%(1 186名)的被试存在抑郁症状。PSQI得分为5.0(3.0, 7.0)分，21.0%(663名)的被试存在睡眠问题。CD-RISC-10得分为23.0(17.0, 30.0)分。
2.2　青少年抑郁症状的潜在剖面分析
基于CES-D-10量表中的10个条目进行潜在剖面分析，构建5个潜在类别模型以进行拟合估计。结果如表1所示，模型拟合指标AIC、BIC、aBIC的数值随类别数量的递增呈现出递减的趋势。当模型类别达到4类时，拟合指标的下降趋势明显减缓，表明进一步增加潜在类别的数目可能不会提升优化效果，Entropy最大(0.95)且>0.8，因此选取4类模型作为最优选择。
4个类别CES-D-10得分显示出不同特征(如图1)。C1类别得分5.0(3.0, 6.0)处于较低水平，命名为“低抑郁症状”组，占总人数的57.7%(1 822名)。C2和C3类别(除能力丧失感条目得分为0)得分处于中等水平[C2：12.0(11.0, 14.0)；C3：13.0(10.0, 16.0)]，C2类别命名为“中度抑郁-典型症状”组，占总人数的15.2%(480名)，C3类别命名为“中度抑郁-功能保留”组，占总人数的16.6%(523名)。C4类别得分19.0(14.0, 23.0)均高于其他3组，命名为“高抑郁症状”组，占总人数的10.5%(330名)。
2.3　青少年抑郁症状潜在类别的分布特征及相关因素
由表2可知，青少年抑郁症状潜在类别的性别、寄宿类型分布差异均有统计学意义(P值均＜0.01)。低抑郁症状组、中度抑郁-典型症状组、中度抑郁-功能保留组、高抑郁症状组心理韧性、睡眠质量、抑郁症状得分分别为27.0(20.0, 33.0)，4.0(2.0, 5.0)，5.0(3.0, 6.0)分；19.0(14.0, 24.0)，7.0(5.0, 9.0)，12.0(11.0, 14.0)分；20.0(16.0, 26.0)，6.0(5.0, 8.0)，13.0(10.0, 16.0)分；16.0(11.0, 23.0)，8.0(6.0, 10.0)，19.0(14.0, 23.0)分；差异均有统计学意义(H值分别为431.25，924.68，2 101.92，P值均＜0.01)。
将青少年抑郁症状的潜在类别作为因变量，性别、年龄、寄宿类型、睡眠质量以及心理韧性作为自变量进行多元Logistic回归分析。结果显示，与C1类别相比，C2类别主要为女性(OR=0.78)、睡眠质量较差(OR=1.54)和心理韧性较低(OR=0.94)；C3类别主要为睡眠质量较差(OR=1.51)和心理韧性较低(OR=0.96)；C4类别主要年龄较小(OR=0.86)、睡眠质量差(OR=1.77)和心理韧性较低(OR=0.92)(P值均＜0.05)。见表3。
3　讨论
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本研究发现，青少年不同抑郁症状组的分布特征与既往研究存在差异。具体表现为低抑郁症状组占比高达57.7%，高于河南农村青少年研究中的35.7%[16]；高抑郁症状组比例达到10.5%，高于郭芮绮等[17]报道的3.0%。这种分布模式可能因为：一方面，新疆地区相对简单的生活环境与较弱的学业竞争压力[18]和较强的社会支持体系[19]共同促进了多数青少年的心理健康；另一方面，新疆地区留守儿童和流动儿童家庭功能缺失问题更为突出[20]，加上心理服务资源不足等因素加剧了部分青少年的抑郁风险。值得注意的是，中度抑郁-功能保留组展现出独特的心理特征。该群体虽表现出中等程度的抑郁症状，却能维持正常的社会功能，反映出“功能代偿”适应模式。此外，高抑郁症状组以低龄青少年为主，可能与其适应能力尚未完全发展有关[21]。本研究还发现，女生在中度抑郁-典型症状组占比更高，与以往研究结论一致[16]。可能受传统观念影响，女生承担着较多家庭与社会期望；因此，在面对学业、就业压力时，女生自我调适空间相对有限，更易陷入抑郁状态。
本研究揭示了睡眠质量与青少年抑郁症状的关联，结果显示睡眠质量差是各抑郁症状组的共同特征，且在高抑郁症状组表现尤为突出，这一发现与国内多项研究结果一致[22-23]。从神经生物学机制来看，睡眠紊乱会破坏前额叶-边缘系统的功能连接，损害情绪调节能力[24]。值得注意的是，虽然睡眠问题对中度抑郁-典型症状组和中度抑郁-功能保留组的影响程度相似，但中度抑郁-功能保留组并未表现出功能损害症状。这一现象说明该群体通过认知代偿机制(如意志力控制)暂时维持功能。但长期来看，这种代偿可能耗尽心理资源，增加抑郁慢性化风险[25]。因此，针对功能保留型青少年的早期睡眠干预具有特殊重要性。
本研究还验证了心理韧性的积极作用，与以往研究一致[6, 9]，也与Fredrickson[26]的拓展-建构理论相吻合。该理论认为，心理韧性较高的个体能够更有效地调动积极情绪资源，缓冲抑郁症状的发展。本研究发现心理韧性对高抑郁症状组的缓冲作用最强，与文献[27]中心理韧性对轻中度抑郁的缓冲作用更强的观点有所不同。这种文化差异可能源于心理韧性构成要素的不同，如中国青少年的心理韧性更多依赖于家庭支持和群体归属感[28]，而西方青少年更强调个体自我效能的作用[29]。提示在制定心理韧性培养方案时，需要充分考虑文化适应性因素。
本研究也存在一些局限性：(1)研究采用横向设计，无法预测青少年抑郁症状的纵向轨迹，也无法得出抑郁症状与睡眠质量和心理韧性之间的因果关系。未来应采用纵向研究的方法，深入考察抑郁症状随时间推移所展现的变化特征及其变量之间的因果关系。(2)本研究仅根据CES-D-10得分对青少年进行分类，抑郁症状的评估方式较单一。未来研究可以考虑将问卷调查和临床访谈相结合，进一步验证本研究的结果。
基金
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  • 2024年度石河子大学高层次人才科研启动项目(RCSK202435)；2023年度石河子大学自主资助支持校级科研项目(ZZZC2023076)；2024年新疆自治区天池英才青年博士项目(CZ002203)
文献
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2025年第46卷第6期
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doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2025176
  • 接收时间：2025-02-25
  • 首发时间：2026-11-06
  • 出版时间：2025-06-25
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  • 收稿日期：2025-02-25
  • 修回日期：2025-04-11
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2024年度石河子大学高层次人才科研启动项目(RCSK202435)；2023年度石河子大学自主资助支持校级科研项目(ZZZC2023076)；2024年新疆自治区天池英才青年博士项目(CZ002203)
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    1石河子大学师范学院心理学系，新疆 832003
    2脑动极光脑研院

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布威佐热姆·艾力，E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family		 属数
Number of
genus		 种数
Number of
species		 占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)		 属
Genus		 种数
Number of
species		 占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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