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Article(id=1325521023227011427, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, issueId=1325520723858568134, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2025168, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1735056000000, receivedDateStr=2024-12-25, revisedDate=1744732800000, revisedDateStr=2025-04-16, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1793958438926, onlineDateStr=2026-11-06, pubDate=1750780800000, pubDateStr=2025-06-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1793958438926, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-11-06, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1793958438926, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1793958438926, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1325520723858568134, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, year='2025', volume='46', issue='6', pageStart='761', pageEnd='912', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1750780800000', pubDateStr='2025-06-25', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1793958367551, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1793958367551, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext=null, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=832, endPage=836, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1325521023726133604, articleId=1325521023227011427, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, language=EN, title=Cross-lagged analysis of anxiety and depressive symptoms, uncertainty stress with academic buoyancy in college students, columnId=1259565855189418448, journalTitle=Chinese Journal of School Health, columnName=Mental Health, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

To examine the reciprocal relationships of anxiety and depressive symptoms, uncertainty stress with academic buoyancy among college students, providing evidence for mental health promotion and academic resilience enhancement.

Methods

A multi-stage cluster random sampling method was used to selected 741 undergraduates from grade 1 to 2 of a university in Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province. Participants completed two waves of surveys (T1: October 2022; T2: October 2023) using the Uncertainty Stress Scale, Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7), and Academic Buoyancy Scale. Cross-lagged models analyzed bidirectional relationships between three mental health variables and academic buoyancy, followed by latent variable modeling integrating all mental health dimensions.

Results

Cross-lagged model results revealed that T1 uncertainty stress negatively predicted T2 academic buoyancy (β=-0.14), while T1 academic buoyancy negatively predicted T2 uncertainty stress (β=-0.11); T1 depressive symptom negatively predicted T2 academic buoyancy (β=-0.08), while T1 academic buoyancy negatively predicted T2 depressive symptom (β=-0.09); furthermore, T1 academic buoyancy negatively predicted T2 anxiety symptom(β=-0.10) (P < 0.05). Results from the latent variable cross-lagged model of psychological problems (constructed from the three mental health variables) indicated that T1 psychological problems negatively predicted T2 academic buoyancy (β=-0.09), while T1 academic buoyancy negatively predicted T2 psychological problems (β=-0.09) (P < 0.05).

Conclusions

Longitudinal bidirectional relationships exist between mental health status and academic buoyancy in college students. Better mental health facilitates higher academic buoyancy.

, authors=Yuxuan LIU, Yuhao WANG, Yihan WANG, Yingxue WANG, Xinyi HU, Susu TIAN, Jiayi TIAN, Wei WANG*, authorsList=Yuxuan LIU, Yuhao WANG, Yihan WANG, Yingxue WANG, Xinyi HU, Susu TIAN, Jiayi TIAN, Wei WANG, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Wei WANG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=Copyright ©2025 Chinese Journal of School Health. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1325521027010273641, articleId=1325521023227011427, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, language=CN, title=大学生焦虑抑郁症状和不确定性压力与学业浮力的交叉滞后分析, columnId=1259565858817491410, journalTitle=中国学校卫生, columnName=心理卫生, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
目的

探索大学生焦虑抑郁症状和不确定性压力与学业浮力之间的相互关系，为促进大学生心理健康和提高学业浮力提供参考。

方法

选用多阶段整群随机抽样方法，抽取741名江苏省徐州市某高校大一、大二年级学生为研究对象，使用不确定性压力量表、抑郁症状群量表、广泛性焦虑量表和学业浮力量表作为测量工具，先后于2022年10月(T1)和2023年10月(T2)完成2次问卷调查。运用交叉滞后模型分析3种心理健康变量与学业浮力的相互关系，然后建立心理问题的潜变量交叉滞后模型进行分析。

结果

交叉滞后模型结果显示，大学生T1不确定性压力负向预测T2学业浮力(β=-0.14)，T1学业浮力负向预测T2不确定性压力(β=-0.11)；大学生T1抑郁症状负向预测T2学业浮力(β=-0.08)，T1学业浮力负向预测T2抑郁症状(β=-0.09)；大学生T1学业浮力负向预测T2焦虑症状(β=-0.10)(P值均 < 0.05)。以大学生3种心理健康变量建立的心理问题潜变量交叉滞后模型结果显示，大学生T1心理问题负向预测T2学业浮力(β=-0.09)，T1学业浮力负向预测T2心理问题(β=-0.09)(P值均 < 0.05)。

结论

大学生的心理健康状况与学业浮力存在纵向关联，良好的心理健康状况有助于提高学业浮力水平。

, authors=刘宇轩, 王宇豪, 王乙涵, 王颖雪, 胡欣怡, 田愫愫, 田佳宜, 王威*, authorsList=刘宇轩, 王宇豪, 王乙涵, 王颖雪, 胡欣怡, 田愫愫, 田佳宜, 王威, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=王威, authorNote=

刘宇轩(2000-)，男，江苏宿迁人，在读硕士，主要研究方向为流行病与卫生统计学

, correspAuthorsNote=
王威，E-mail:
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Educ Psychol, 2017, 37(8): 947-964., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1325521049667903951, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, articleId=1325521023227011427, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=31, rfOrder=37, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=刘涛. 新时代大学生心理健康现状调查及对策研究[J]. 国际公关, 2022(24): 82-84., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1325521050016031184, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, articleId=1325521023227011427, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=31, rfOrder=38, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=LIU T. Survey on the status of college students' mental health and countermeasures research in the new times[J]. PR Mag, 2022(24): 82-84. (in Chinese), articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1325521040062947751, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, articleId=1325521023227011427, awardId=null, language=CN, fundingSource=徐州医科大学研究生教育改革项目(XYJGKT202505)；江苏省高校青蓝工程项目, fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1325521027526173034, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, articleId=1325521023227011427, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1325521027547144555, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, articleId=1325521023227011427, companyId=1325521027526173034, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=School of Public Health, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou (221000), Jiangsu Province, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1325521027782025580, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, articleId=1325521023227011427, companyId=1325521027526173034, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=徐州医科大学公共卫生学院，江苏 221000)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1325521036741058975, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, articleId=1325521023227011427, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=Cross-lagged model of uncertainty stress, depressive symptom, anxiety symptom and academic buoyancy among college students, figureFileSmall=cfDkmQkKKPATYBZglqBhmg==, figureFileBig=SzvoUVkvBbQ78bFh9wRVvg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1325521037038854560, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, articleId=1325521023227011427, language=CN, label=图1, caption=大学生不确定性压力、抑郁症状、焦虑症状与学业浮力的交叉滞后模型

注：P值均＜0.05。

, figureFileSmall=cfDkmQkKKPATYBZglqBhmg==, figureFileBig=SzvoUVkvBbQ78bFh9wRVvg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1325521037483450785, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, articleId=1325521023227011427, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=Cross-lagged model of psychological problems and academic buoyancy among college students, figureFileSmall=JP0K2xhY/iwUkl3Xao8Sxw==, figureFileBig=xxdF4XmT81hs/E4iydKWGg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1325521037575725474, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, articleId=1325521023227011427, language=CN, label=图2, caption=大学生心理问题与学业浮力的交叉滞后模型

注：P值均＜0.05。

, figureFileSmall=JP0K2xhY/iwUkl3Xao8Sxw==, figureFileBig=xxdF4XmT81hs/E4iydKWGg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1325521039588991395, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, articleId=1325521023227011427, language=EN, label=Tab.1, caption=

Univariate analysis of academic buoyancy among college students(x ±s)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
特征选项人数学业浮力得分t/F值P值
性别男33814.13±4.172.270.02
女40313.43±4.18
是否独生子女是38713.87±4.520.470.64
否35413.73±3.89
家庭居住地城市47113.63±4.37-1.490.14
农村27014.09±3.84
学制5年55513.70±4.18-1.000.32
4年18614.06±4.20
家庭月收入/元＜2 0003113.32±3.771.230.24
2 000~5 00015913.33±4.21
5 001~8 00017913.89±4.00
8 001~15 00024813.99±4.31
>1 500012413.96±4.29
家庭类型*核心家庭64213.81±4.190.980.48
单亲家庭5213.29±4.60
重组家庭1014.30±3.06
隔代家庭3313.79±3.86
其他416.50±2.89
父亲文化程度初中及以下23513.84±4.190.960.50
高中或中专29714.03±3.90
大学或以上20913.41±4.56
母亲文化程度初中及以下30613.75±4.231.160.30
高中或中专29113.98±4.05
大学或以上14413.51±4.39
), ArticleFig(id=1325521039668683172, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, articleId=1325521023227011427, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

大学生学业浮力的单因素分析(x ±s)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
特征选项人数学业浮力得分t/F值P值
性别男33814.13±4.172.270.02
女40313.43±4.18
是否独生子女是38713.87±4.520.470.64
否35413.73±3.89
家庭居住地城市47113.63±4.37-1.490.14
农村27014.09±3.84
学制5年55513.70±4.18-1.000.32
4年18614.06±4.20
家庭月收入/元＜2 0003113.32±3.771.230.24
2 000~5 00015913.33±4.21
5 001~8 00017913.89±4.00
8 001~15 00024813.99±4.31
>1 500012413.96±4.29
家庭类型*核心家庭64213.81±4.190.980.48
单亲家庭5213.29±4.60
重组家庭1014.30±3.06
隔代家庭3313.79±3.86
其他416.50±2.89
父亲文化程度初中及以下23513.84±4.190.960.50
高中或中专29714.03±3.90
大学或以上20913.41±4.56
母亲文化程度初中及以下30613.75±4.231.160.30
高中或中专29113.98±4.05
大学或以上14413.51±4.39
), ArticleFig(id=1325521039765152165, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, articleId=1325521023227011427, language=EN, label=Tab.2, caption=

Correlation analysis between mental health variables and academic buoyancy of college students(r, n=741)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量T1不确定性压力T1抑郁症状T1焦虑症状T1学业浮力T2不确定性压力T2抑郁症状T2焦虑症状
T1抑郁症状0.73**
T1焦虑症状0.67**0.84**
T1学业浮力-0.19**-0.17**-0.19**
T2不确定性压力0.43**0.40**0.37**-0.18**
T2抑郁症状0.33**0.40**0.38**-0.15**0.76**
T2焦虑症状0.35**0.42**0.43**-0.17**0.73**0.87**
T2学业浮力-0.18**-0.12**-0.12**0.27**-0.09*-0.04-0.08*
), ArticleFig(id=1325521039953895846, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, articleId=1325521023227011427, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

大学生心理健康变量与学业浮力的相关性分析(r值，n=741)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量T1不确定性压力T1抑郁症状T1焦虑症状T1学业浮力T2不确定性压力T2抑郁症状T2焦虑症状
T1抑郁症状0.73**
T1焦虑症状0.67**0.84**
T1学业浮力-0.19**-0.17**-0.19**
T2不确定性压力0.43**0.40**0.37**-0.18**
T2抑郁症状0.33**0.40**0.38**-0.15**0.76**
T2焦虑症状0.35**0.42**0.43**-0.17**0.73**0.87**
T2学业浮力-0.18**-0.12**-0.12**0.27**-0.09*-0.04-0.08*
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大学生焦虑抑郁症状和不确定性压力与学业浮力的交叉滞后分析
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刘宇轩 , 王宇豪 , 王乙涵 , 王颖雪 , 胡欣怡 , 田愫愫 , 田佳宜 , 王威 *
中国学校卫生 | 心理卫生 2025,46(6): 832-836
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中国学校卫生 |心理卫生 2025 , 46 (6) : 832 -836
大学生焦虑抑郁症状和不确定性压力与学业浮力的交叉滞后分析
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刘宇轩, 王宇豪, 王乙涵, 王颖雪, 胡欣怡, 田愫愫, 田佳宜, 王威*
作者信息
  • 徐州医科大学公共卫生学院，江苏 221000
通讯作者:
王威，E-mail:
作者简介:

刘宇轩(2000-)，男，江苏宿迁人，在读硕士，主要研究方向为流行病与卫生统计学

Cross-lagged analysis of anxiety and depressive symptoms, uncertainty stress with academic buoyancy in college students
Yuxuan LIU, Yuhao WANG, Yihan WANG, Yingxue WANG, Xinyi HU, Susu TIAN, Jiayi TIAN, Wei WANG*
Affiliations
  • School of Public Health, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou (221000), Jiangsu Province, China
出版时间: 2025-06-25 doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2025168
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摘要
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目的

探索大学生焦虑抑郁症状和不确定性压力与学业浮力之间的相互关系，为促进大学生心理健康和提高学业浮力提供参考。

方法

选用多阶段整群随机抽样方法，抽取741名江苏省徐州市某高校大一、大二年级学生为研究对象，使用不确定性压力量表、抑郁症状群量表、广泛性焦虑量表和学业浮力量表作为测量工具，先后于2022年10月(T1)和2023年10月(T2)完成2次问卷调查。运用交叉滞后模型分析3种心理健康变量与学业浮力的相互关系，然后建立心理问题的潜变量交叉滞后模型进行分析。

结果

交叉滞后模型结果显示，大学生T1不确定性压力负向预测T2学业浮力(β=-0.14)，T1学业浮力负向预测T2不确定性压力(β=-0.11)；大学生T1抑郁症状负向预测T2学业浮力(β=-0.08)，T1学业浮力负向预测T2抑郁症状(β=-0.09)；大学生T1学业浮力负向预测T2焦虑症状(β=-0.10)(P值均 < 0.05)。以大学生3种心理健康变量建立的心理问题潜变量交叉滞后模型结果显示，大学生T1心理问题负向预测T2学业浮力(β=-0.09)，T1学业浮力负向预测T2心理问题(β=-0.09)(P值均 < 0.05)。

结论

大学生的心理健康状况与学业浮力存在纵向关联，良好的心理健康状况有助于提高学业浮力水平。

精神卫生  /  学习  /  交叉滞后分析  /  学生
Objective

To examine the reciprocal relationships of anxiety and depressive symptoms, uncertainty stress with academic buoyancy among college students, providing evidence for mental health promotion and academic resilience enhancement.

Methods

A multi-stage cluster random sampling method was used to selected 741 undergraduates from grade 1 to 2 of a university in Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province. Participants completed two waves of surveys (T1: October 2022; T2: October 2023) using the Uncertainty Stress Scale, Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7), and Academic Buoyancy Scale. Cross-lagged models analyzed bidirectional relationships between three mental health variables and academic buoyancy, followed by latent variable modeling integrating all mental health dimensions.

Results

Cross-lagged model results revealed that T1 uncertainty stress negatively predicted T2 academic buoyancy (β=-0.14), while T1 academic buoyancy negatively predicted T2 uncertainty stress (β=-0.11); T1 depressive symptom negatively predicted T2 academic buoyancy (β=-0.08), while T1 academic buoyancy negatively predicted T2 depressive symptom (β=-0.09); furthermore, T1 academic buoyancy negatively predicted T2 anxiety symptom(β=-0.10) (P < 0.05). Results from the latent variable cross-lagged model of psychological problems (constructed from the three mental health variables) indicated that T1 psychological problems negatively predicted T2 academic buoyancy (β=-0.09), while T1 academic buoyancy negatively predicted T2 psychological problems (β=-0.09) (P < 0.05).

Conclusions

Longitudinal bidirectional relationships exist between mental health status and academic buoyancy in college students. Better mental health facilitates higher academic buoyancy.

Mental health  /  Learning  /  Gross-lagged analysis  /  Students
刘宇轩, 王宇豪, 王乙涵, 王颖雪, 胡欣怡, 田愫愫, 田佳宜, 王威. 大学生焦虑抑郁症状和不确定性压力与学业浮力的交叉滞后分析. 中国学校卫生, 2025 , 46 (6) : 832 -836 . DOI: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2025168
Yuxuan LIU, Yuhao WANG, Yihan WANG, Yingxue WANG, Xinyi HU, Susu TIAN, Jiayi TIAN, Wei WANG. Cross-lagged analysis of anxiety and depressive symptoms, uncertainty stress with academic buoyancy in college students[J]. Chinese Journal of School Health, 2025 , 46 (6) : 832 -836 . DOI: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2025168
正文
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大学生群体因学业竞争加剧及就业压力攀升，易导致心理健康状况出现问题[1]。研究显示，约31.1%的大学生存在高度不确定性压力[2]，18.4%和23.6%的大学生分别具有不同程度的抑郁和焦虑[3]。不确定性压力被证实是精神障碍的关键因素[4]，抑郁会增加如自杀等其他健康结果的风险[5]，而焦虑可能引发躯体症状[6]、睡眠障碍[7]等。学业浮力指学生在面对学业挫折时保持乐观并积极应对的能力[8](多为短期、常见的挫折[9])，良好的学业浮力有助于减少学业上的心理风险[10]。国外已有研究表明，焦虑是影响学业浮力的心理因素之一[11]。本研究采用交叉滞后分析模型，通过问卷调查探究大学生心理健康变量(不确定性压力、抑郁症状、焦虑症状)与学业浮力的关系，为制定针对性干预措施提供依据。
1　对象与方法
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1.1　对象
采用多阶段整群随机抽样方法，从江苏省徐州市某高校的13个学院采用抽签法抽取7个学院，在抽中的学院中采用抽签法选取2个本科专业，整群抽取本科一年级与二年级的班级作为研究对象。于2022年10月对该校大学生进行基线调查(T1)，共发放调查问卷1 150份，经过筛选获取有效问卷1 011份，有效回收率87.9%。其中男生433名，女生578名；平均年龄(20.88±0.97)岁。2023年10月对初始参与者进行数据追踪，开展第二次问卷调查(T2)，共回收有效问卷741份，其中男生338名，女生403名；平均年龄(20.60±0.76)岁。本研究通过徐州医科大学医学伦理委员会审查(批号：XYFY2020-KL219-01)，所有调查对象均知情同意。
1.2　方法
1.2.1　一般人口学资料
包括年龄、性别、是否为独生子女、学制、家庭居住地、家庭月收入、家庭类型和父母受教育程度。
1.2.2　不确定性压力量表
基于杨廷忠等[12]标准感知压力问卷修改而成。主要内容包括最近2周生活、目标、社会变化和社会价值观的不确定性[13]。共10个条目(包括生活不可捉摸，命运难测；感到做事很不顺利等)，采用Likert 5级评分法对不确定性压力进行评估，1分代表“没有”~ 5分代表“所有时间”，总分为各个条目的评分进行累加，共计10~50分。总分越高，个体受到的不确定性压力越大。本研究中该量表Cronbach α系数为0.95。
1.2.3　抑郁症状群量表(Patient Health Questionnaire-9，PHQ-9)[14]
采用美国精神医学会发布的《精神疾病诊断与统计手册》[15]中关于抑郁症状的9项诊断标准，量化个体在最近2周内抑郁症状的严重程度，共9项条目(包括做任何事感到没有兴趣或乐趣，感到心情低落等)。每个条目采用1~4评分，其中1分=“完全不会”~4分=“几乎每天”。量表总分通过对各个条目的得分进行累加得出，共计9~36分，总分越高反映被调查者的抑郁症状越严重。本研究中该量表Cronbach α系数为0.90。
1.2.4　广泛性焦虑量表(Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7，GAD-7)[16]
该量表旨在评估个体在过去2周内的焦虑症状程度，共包含7个条目(包括感到紧张、焦虑或急切；不能够停止或控制担忧等)，每个条目采用1分=“完全不会”~4分=“几乎每天”评分制度。通过累加各个条目的得分计算量表总分，共计7~28分。得分越高表明被调查者所经历的焦虑症状越严重。本研究中该量表Cronbach α系数为0.94。
1.2.5　学业浮力量表
该量表由Martin等[8]编制，本次研究采用孙蔚雯[17]修订的中文版量表，共4个条目，用来评价学生成功处理日常的学业挫折、困难和挑战的能力(包括我善于应对学业上的挫折，例如较差的分数，在学习上获得了消极的评价；我不会让学习压力把我压垮等)。每个条目采用Likert 5级评分法进行评分，其中1分代表“完全不符合”至5分代表“完全符合”，总分4~20分，被试者得分越高表明其学业浮力水平越高。本研究中该量表Cronbach α系数为0.94。
1.3　质量控制
调查员均经过统一培训，熟练掌握问卷填写规范。调查过程严格遵守伦理要求，充分尊重调查对象并保护其隐私。研究采用电子问卷收集数据，以规避人工录入误差。数据收集完成后，统一导入计算机建立数据库。为确保数据质量，设立以下剔除标准：基础信息存在逻辑错误；重复提交的问卷；问卷完成时间过短；效度条目出现自相矛盾的回答。
1.4　统计学分析
采用SPSS 21.0软件进行描述统计分析，计数资料采用频数或百分率描述，计量资料用(x ±s)描述，采用Harman单因素检验方法进行共同方法偏差检验，学业浮力的单因素分析采用t检验或方差分析，Pearson相关分析各变量之间的相关性；采用Mplus 8.3软件构建交叉滞后模型。双侧检验以P＜0.05为有统计学意义。
2　结果
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2.1　共同方法偏差检验
在未旋转情况下的结果显示，共有8个因子的特征根大于1，其中第1个因子的累计方差解释率为38.46%，低于40%，说明本研究不存在明显的共同方法偏差，各变量之间的关系可靠。
2.2　大学生学业浮力的单因素分析
大学生学业浮力得分在性别间差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05)，其他社会人口学特征组间差异均无统计学意义(P值均>0.05)。见表1。
2.3　大学生心理健康变量与学业浮力的相关性分析
Pearson相关分析显示，除T2学业浮力与T2抑郁症状的相关性无统计学意义(P>0.05)，其他心理健康变量与学业浮力的评分均呈负相关(P值均＜0.05)。见表2。
2.4　大学生心理健康变量与学业浮力的交叉滞后分析
分别以大学生不确定性压力、抑郁症状、焦虑症状为自变量，学业浮力为因变量，性别为控制变量构建交叉滞后模型。具体路径系数见图1。为进一步探究心理健康变量与学业浮力的关系，将大学生不确定性压力、抑郁症状、焦虑症状合并为一个心理问题潜变量，以性别为控制变量，建立潜变量交叉滞后模型。具体路径系数见图2。
2.4.1　不确定性压力与学业浮力的交叉滞后分析
模型的整体拟合效果良好(RMSEA=0.00，CFI=1.00，TLI=1.00)，提示该模型为饱和模型。如图1(A)显示，在调整后的标准化模型中，T1不确定性压力负向预测T1和T2学业浮力(β值分别为-0.19，-0.14)，正向预测T2不确定性压力(β=0.41)；T1学业浮力负向预测T2不确定性压力(β=-0.11)，正向预测T2学业浮力(β=0.24)(P值均＜0.01)。
2.4.2　抑郁症状与学业浮力的交叉滞后分析
模型的整体拟合效果良好(RMSEA=0.00，CFI=1.00，TLI=1.00)，提示该模型为饱和模型。如图1(B)显示，在调整后的标准化模型中，T1抑郁症状负向预测T1和T2学业浮力(β值分别为-0.17，-0.08)，正向预测T2抑郁症状(β=0.39)；T1学业浮力负向预测T2抑郁症状(β=-0.09)，正向预测T2学业浮力(β=0.25)(P值均＜0.05)。
2.4.3　焦虑症状与学业浮力的交叉滞后分析
模型的整体拟合效果良好(RMSEA=0.00，CFI=1.00，TLI=1.00)，提示该模型为饱和模型。如图1(C)显示，在调整后的标准化模型中，T1焦虑症状负向预测T1学业浮力(β=-0.19)，正向预测T2焦虑症状(β=0.42)；T1学业浮力负向预测T2焦虑(β=-0.10)，正向预测T2学业浮力(β=0.25)(P值均＜0.05)。
2.4.4　心理问题潜变量与学业浮力的潜变量交叉滞后分析
潜变量交叉滞后模型的整体拟合效果可以接受(RMSEA=0.07，CFI=0.97，TLI=0.95)，表明该模型的饱和度较高。如图2显示，在调整后的标准化模型中，T1心理问题负向预测T1和T2学业浮力(β值分别为-0.19，-0.09)，正向预测T2心理问题(β=0.46)；T1学业浮力负向预测T2心理问题(β=-0.09)，正向预测T2学业浮力(β=0.25)(P值均＜0.05)。
3　讨论
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本研究结果发现，大学生的不确定性压力、抑郁症状、焦虑症状以及这3个变量合成的心理问题潜变量均随着时间的发展而发展，与之前的研究结论相似[18]。其中的原因可能为大学生正处在人生的关键过渡期，面对未来职业发展路径的抉择困境[19]。随着时间的推进，大学生不可避免地面临关键性的职业规划决策，譬如继续深造和直接就业之间的选择。无论哪种选择都会面临着巨大的竞争[20-21]，可能会造成大学生过多的担忧和思虑，从而在一定程度上引起心理问题。此外，结果显示大学生的学业浮力水平随着时间的发展而提高，表明大学生应对学业上挫折与挑战的能力在不断提高，主要原因是从刚进入大学时对课程的迷茫到后来对课程的了解，这一变化会帮助大学生更好应对学业中的不确定因素。
在不确定性压力方面，模型显示不确定性压力与学业浮力互为因果关系，与其他的研究结果基本一致[10, 22]。学业浮力在缓解不确定性压力方面发挥着重要作用，具有较高学业浮力的学生更有可能采取积极的应对策略，如时间管理和寻求社会支持，从而减轻压力的影响。例如，一项研究发现，学业浮力通过控制感、自我效能、自我概念等因素对学业成就产生影响[23]。提示当学生面对不确定性压力时，他们的学业浮力可以帮助维持积极的学习态度和行为，从而提高学业成绩。在先前的研究中，不确定性压力水平的升高是大学生自杀意念升高的一个重要因素[13]。本研究结果显示，不确定性压力和学业浮力水平呈负相关，不确定性压力会导致大学生处理学习中挫折的能力下降，这可能与不确定性压力通常表现为个体在生活、工作或学习中面临未知的情况，从而导致负性事件的发生有关[24]。
在抑郁症状方面，模型显示抑郁症状与学业浮力互相为负性影响，与先前的研究结果一致[25-26]。抑郁可能导致学生失去学习动力，影响注意力和记忆力，从而降低学业成绩[27]。相反，较高的学业浮力可以帮助学生抵抗抑郁的影响，保持学习的积极性和效率。一项研究显示，大学生的抑郁检出率为18.65%，且学业压力是抑郁情绪的关键预测因素[27]。因此，提高学生的学业浮力，如通过提供心理支持和资源，可以帮助他们更好地应对学业压力，减少抑郁症状的发生。
在焦虑症状方面，模型显示学业浮力可以负向预测焦虑症状，与国外的一项研究结果基本一致[28]。学业浮力可以帮助学生更好地管理焦虑症状，通过积极的应对策略，如考试准备和时间管理，来减轻焦虑症状的影响。学业浮力较高的学生在面对考试时可能会体验到较少的焦虑，从而在学业上表现得更好[29]。在本研究中，焦虑症状负向预测学业浮力的路径系数无统计学意义。然而，相关研究表明，如果学生经历低水平的学业焦虑，与他们能够应对学业挑战的能力呈正相关[30]，结果的不同可能与本研究的样本量不足或者问卷调查时的误差有关。
在潜变量模型中，结果显示由不确定性压力、抑郁和焦虑症状构建的心理问题潜变量与学业浮力是相互预测的、纵向的关联，与先前的研究结果基本一致[10]。因此，为了提高学生的学业浮力，需要综合考虑这些心理因素。此外，相关研究表明大学生心理问题的检出率呈现逐年增长的趋势[31]。为了缓解这一趋势，在处理心理问题时，相关部门可以从提高学业浮力方面入手，帮助他们更好地应对这些心理挑战，从而在提高学业成绩的同时，也促进其整体心理状况的健康发展。
本研究也存在一定的局限性：首先，研究对象来自同一所大学，样本的数量和代表性略微不足；其次，采用的是量表调查法，难免存在一定程度的共同方法偏差和社会赞许效应，从而导致调查结果出现偏差；最后，对交叉滞后模型的构建只进行了2个时间点，时间周期的数量存在提升空间。未来研究可以通过扩大样本量和多样性、采用多种数据收集方法以及增加追踪时间点来克服这些局限性，从而提高研究结果的普适性和准确性。
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  • 徐州医科大学研究生教育改革项目(XYJGKT202505)；江苏省高校青蓝工程项目
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2025年第46卷第6期
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doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2025168
  • 接收时间：2024-12-25
  • 首发时间：2026-11-06
  • 出版时间：2025-06-25
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  • 收稿日期：2024-12-25
  • 修回日期：2025-04-16
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徐州医科大学研究生教育改革项目(XYJGKT202505)；江苏省高校青蓝工程项目
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    徐州医科大学公共卫生学院，江苏 221000

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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
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