Article(id=1325502201459781985, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, issueId=1325502070660407522, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2025150, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1738684800000, receivedDateStr=2025-02-05, revisedDate=1743523200000, revisedDateStr=2025-04-02, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1793953951467, onlineDateStr=2026-11-06, pubDate=1748102400000, pubDateStr=2025-05-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1793953951467, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-11-06, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1793953951467, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1793953951467, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1325502070660407522, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, year='2025', volume='46', issue='5', pageStart='609', pageEnd='760', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1748102400000', pubDateStr='2025-05-25', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1793953920283, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1793953920283, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext=null, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=638, endPage=641, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1325502201925349731, articleId=1325502201459781985, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, language=EN, title=Longitudinal association between compulsive behaviour and smartphone addiction in middle school students, columnId=1325502201816297826, journalTitle=Chinese Journal of School Health, columnName=Column on Prevention and Control of Adolescents Smartphone Addiction, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

To explore the potential causal association between adolescent compulsive behaviour and smartphone addiction based on longitudinal data, so as to provide reference for the establishment of adolescent smartphone addiction interventions.

Methods

A preliminary survey and follow-up were conducted on 8 907 middle and high school students in a district of Shenzhen in 2022 and 2023, respectively. Compulsive behaviours were measured by using the Mental Health Inventory for Middle School Students-60 Items (MMHI-60), smartphone addiction was assessed by using the Smartphone Addiction Scale-Short Version (SAS-SV), and the associations between compulsive behaviours and smartphone addiction were analysed by using multilevel mixed-effects models and subgroup analyses.

Results

Smartphone addiction detection rates among middle school students were significantly associated with genders, father's education level, mother's education level, study load subgroups, and whether or not they were single-parent families, and there were statistical differences (χ2=17.21-175.34, P < 0.05). Students with compulsive behaviours were 2.98 times more likely to develop smartphone addiction than those without compulsive behaviours (OR=2.98, 95%CI=2.77-3.22, P < 0.05). Subgroup analysis of middle school students without smartphone addiction in the first year found that compulsive behaviours significantly predicted smartphone addiction (OR=1.76, 95%CI=1.54-2.01, P < 0.05).

Conclusion

There is a potential causal association between obsessive-compulsive behaviours and smartphone addiction in middle school students, and obsessive-compulsive behaviours in middle school students could significantly predicted the occurrence of smartphone addiction.

, authors=Qifei CHEN1, Daosen WANG1, Ranran GONG1, Xinyun LIN1, Xintong SU2, Jingxian ZHAO2, Jiaxuan FU2, Kaize YANG2, Jie TANG1, Shihua CHEN*, 3, Xiuhong LI*, 1, authorsList=Qifei CHEN, Daosen WANG, Ranran GONG, Xinyun LIN, Xintong SU, Jingxian ZHAO, Jiaxuan FU, Kaize YANG, Jie TANG, Shihua CHEN, Xiuhong LI, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Shihua CHEN, Xiuhong LI, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=Copyright ©2025 Chinese Journal of School Health. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1325502202344780133, articleId=1325502201459781985, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, language=CN, title=中学生强迫行为与智能手机成瘾的纵向关联, columnId=1325502202038595940, journalTitle=中国学校卫生, columnName=青少年智能手机成瘾防控专栏, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
目的

基于纵向数据探讨中学生强迫行为与智能手机成瘾之间潜在的因果关联,为中学生智能手机成瘾的干预提供参考。

方法

分别于2022和2023年在深圳市某区对8 907名初、高中学生进行预调查和随访调查。使用中国中学生心理健康量表(MMHI-60)测量强迫行为,智能手机依赖量表简版中文版(SAS-SV)评估中学生智能手机成瘾状况,采用多层混合效应模型和亚组分析中学生强迫行为和智能手机成瘾的关联。

结果

不同性别、父亲教育水平、母亲教育水平、学习负担分组以及是否为单亲家庭中学生智能手机成瘾检出率差异均有统计学意义(χ2=17.21~175.34,P值均 < 0.05)。与无强迫行为的中学生相比,有强迫行为的中学生智能手机成瘾的风险增加(OR=2.98,95%CI=2.77~3.22,P < 0.05)。第一年没有智能手机成瘾中学生的亚组分析发现,强迫行为可以预测智能手机成瘾(OR=1.76,95%CI=1.54~2.01,P < 0.05)。

结论

中学生强迫行为与智能手机成瘾之间存在因果关联,中学生强迫行为可以显著预测智能手机成瘾的发生。

, authors=陈绮菲1, 王道森1, 龚苒苒1, 林心韵1, 苏欣桐2, 赵静贤2, 符佳轩2, 杨铠泽2, 唐婕1, 陈士华*, 3, 李秀红*, 1, authorsList=陈绮菲, 王道森, 龚苒苒, 林心韵, 苏欣桐, 赵静贤, 符佳轩, 杨铠泽, 唐婕, 陈士华, 李秀红, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=陈士华, 李秀红, authorNote=

陈绮菲(2001-),女,广东佛山人,在读硕士,主要研究方向为儿童青少年心理健康卫生

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陈士华,E-mail:
李秀红,E-mail:
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Comparison of SA detection rates among middle school students with different groups

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组别选项人数SA检出人数χ2值P值
性别男4 7821 070(22.4)19.54< 0.01
女4 1251 090(26.4)
早产是38793(24.0)0.010.97
否8 5202 067(24.3)
父亲教育水平高中及以下6 0661 584(26.1)35.58< 0.01
高中以上2 841576(20.3)
母亲教育水平高中及以下6 1671 587(25.7)23.75< 0.01
高中以上2 740573(21.0)
是否为单亲家庭是371124(33.4)17.21< 0.01
否8 5362 036(23.9)
学习负担较轻975127(13.0)175.34< 0.01
一般6 3951 488(23.3)
较重1 537545(35.1)
), ArticleFig(id=1325502206211928495, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, articleId=1325502201459781985, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

不同组别中学生SA检出率比较

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组别选项人数SA检出人数χ2值P值
性别男4 7821 070(22.4)19.54< 0.01
女4 1251 090(26.4)
早产是38793(24.0)0.010.97
否8 5202 067(24.3)
父亲教育水平高中及以下6 0661 584(26.1)35.58< 0.01
高中以上2 841576(20.3)
母亲教育水平高中及以下6 1671 587(25.7)23.75< 0.01
高中以上2 740573(21.0)
是否为单亲家庭是371124(33.4)17.21< 0.01
否8 5362 036(23.9)
学习负担较轻975127(13.0)175.34< 0.01
一般6 3951 488(23.3)
较重1 537545(35.1)
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中学生强迫行为与智能手机成瘾的纵向关联
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陈绮菲 1 , 王道森 1 , 龚苒苒 1 , 林心韵 1 , 苏欣桐 2 , 赵静贤 2 , 符佳轩 2 , 杨铠泽 2 , 唐婕 1 , 陈士华 *, 3 , 李秀红 *, 1
中国学校卫生 | 青少年智能手机成瘾防控专栏 2025,46(5): 638-641
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中国学校卫生 |青少年智能手机成瘾防控专栏 2025 , 46 (5) : 638 -641
中学生强迫行为与智能手机成瘾的纵向关联
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陈绮菲1, 王道森1, 龚苒苒1, 林心韵1, 苏欣桐2, 赵静贤2, 符佳轩2, 杨铠泽2, 唐婕1, 陈士华*, 3 , 李秀红*, 1
作者信息
  • 1中山大学公共卫生学院(深圳)妇幼卫生与老龄健康教研室,广东 深圳 518107
  • 2中山大学公共卫生学院妇幼卫生学系
  • 3深圳市光明区妇幼保健院保健部
通讯作者:
陈士华,E-mail:
李秀红,E-mail:
作者简介:

陈绮菲(2001-),女,广东佛山人,在读硕士,主要研究方向为儿童青少年心理健康卫生

Longitudinal association between compulsive behaviour and smartphone addiction in middle school students
Qifei CHEN1, Daosen WANG1, Ranran GONG1, Xinyun LIN1, Xintong SU2, Jingxian ZHAO2, Jiaxuan FU2, Kaize YANG2, Jie TANG1, Shihua CHEN*, 3 , Xiuhong LI*, 1
Affiliations
  • 1Department of Maternal, Child and Aging Health, School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen (518107), Guangdong Province, China
出版时间: 2025-05-25 doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2025150
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目的

基于纵向数据探讨中学生强迫行为与智能手机成瘾之间潜在的因果关联,为中学生智能手机成瘾的干预提供参考。

方法

分别于2022和2023年在深圳市某区对8 907名初、高中学生进行预调查和随访调查。使用中国中学生心理健康量表(MMHI-60)测量强迫行为,智能手机依赖量表简版中文版(SAS-SV)评估中学生智能手机成瘾状况,采用多层混合效应模型和亚组分析中学生强迫行为和智能手机成瘾的关联。

结果

不同性别、父亲教育水平、母亲教育水平、学习负担分组以及是否为单亲家庭中学生智能手机成瘾检出率差异均有统计学意义(χ2=17.21~175.34,P值均 < 0.05)。与无强迫行为的中学生相比,有强迫行为的中学生智能手机成瘾的风险增加(OR=2.98,95%CI=2.77~3.22,P < 0.05)。第一年没有智能手机成瘾中学生的亚组分析发现,强迫行为可以预测智能手机成瘾(OR=1.76,95%CI=1.54~2.01,P < 0.05)。

结论

中学生强迫行为与智能手机成瘾之间存在因果关联,中学生强迫行为可以显著预测智能手机成瘾的发生。

强迫  /  便携式电话  /  行为,成瘾  /  回归分析  /  学生
Objective

To explore the potential causal association between adolescent compulsive behaviour and smartphone addiction based on longitudinal data, so as to provide reference for the establishment of adolescent smartphone addiction interventions.

Methods

A preliminary survey and follow-up were conducted on 8 907 middle and high school students in a district of Shenzhen in 2022 and 2023, respectively. Compulsive behaviours were measured by using the Mental Health Inventory for Middle School Students-60 Items (MMHI-60), smartphone addiction was assessed by using the Smartphone Addiction Scale-Short Version (SAS-SV), and the associations between compulsive behaviours and smartphone addiction were analysed by using multilevel mixed-effects models and subgroup analyses.

Results

Smartphone addiction detection rates among middle school students were significantly associated with genders, father's education level, mother's education level, study load subgroups, and whether or not they were single-parent families, and there were statistical differences (χ2=17.21-175.34, P < 0.05). Students with compulsive behaviours were 2.98 times more likely to develop smartphone addiction than those without compulsive behaviours (OR=2.98, 95%CI=2.77-3.22, P < 0.05). Subgroup analysis of middle school students without smartphone addiction in the first year found that compulsive behaviours significantly predicted smartphone addiction (OR=1.76, 95%CI=1.54-2.01, P < 0.05).

Conclusion

There is a potential causal association between obsessive-compulsive behaviours and smartphone addiction in middle school students, and obsessive-compulsive behaviours in middle school students could significantly predicted the occurrence of smartphone addiction.

Coercion  /  Cellular phone  /  Behavior, addictive  /  Regression analysis  /  Students
陈绮菲, 王道森, 龚苒苒, 林心韵, 苏欣桐, 赵静贤, 符佳轩, 杨铠泽, 唐婕, 陈士华, 李秀红. 中学生强迫行为与智能手机成瘾的纵向关联. 中国学校卫生, 2025 , 46 (5) : 638 -641 . DOI: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2025150
Qifei CHEN, Daosen WANG, Ranran GONG, Xinyun LIN, Xintong SU, Jingxian ZHAO, Jiaxuan FU, Kaize YANG, Jie TANG, Shihua CHEN, Xiuhong LI. Longitudinal association between compulsive behaviour and smartphone addiction in middle school students[J]. Chinese Journal of School Health, 2025 , 46 (5) : 638 -641 . DOI: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2025150
智能手机成瘾(smartphone addiction, SA)是一种行为成瘾,表现为对智能手机的过度使用导致日常生活功能受损[1]。SA涉及对即时奖励的高度敏感性、冲动控制的缺乏以及认知控制的下降[1]。研究表明,处于认知和情感发展关键期的中学生是SA的高危人群,且发生率高于其他年龄段[2],我国高达20%的中学生存在SA[3]。研究表明,SA不仅会损害青少年日常功能,并且会对其身心发展、学业及社交表现产生多重负面影响[4-7]。强迫思维是强迫障碍的起点,通常表现为反复侵入的、不受控制的想法或冲动,这些思维被个体视为不合理,却难以抑制,从而引发明显的焦虑[8]。为缓解由强迫思维带来的不适感,个体会通过执行重复刻板的动作来降低焦虑,这便形成了强迫行为[8]。强迫行为和成瘾虽然在表面上都表现为个体难以控制自身行为,但两者的驱动力和神经机制不同[9-11]。近年来研究表明,个体强迫性行为模式可能会增加成瘾风险[12]。具有强迫行为的个体往往通过使用智能手机来逃避压力和焦虑,而该行为过程也可能进一步加剧手机成瘾的程度[12]。本研究使用深圳市某区中学生2年随访数据,采用回归模型和混合效应模型分析强迫行为对SA的预测,以进一步明确青少年强迫行为与SA之间的潜在因果关联。
采用整群抽样方法,在2022年对广东省深圳市某区27所初中、3所高中学校的中学生进行预调查,随后在2023年,对该人群进行随访;选取2年内数据齐全的8 907名中学生为分析对象。其中男生4 782名,女生4 125名;平均年龄(13.41±1.28)岁。本研究获得了中山大学公共卫生学院生物医学研究伦理审查委员会的伦理批准(项目编号:2021-052),所有研究对象均签署知情同意书。
采用自编式问卷收集中学生的基本信息,包括出生日期、性别、是否早产、是否是独生子女、父母受教育水平、父母婚姻状况、父母感情状况和当前照料人等,由学生自主填写。
使用中国中学生心理健康量表(Mental Health Inventory for Middle School Students-60 Items, MMHI-60)[13]测量强迫行为,该量表适用于12~18岁中学生。量表包含6个条目,分别为做作业必须反复检查、做事情为保证正确做得很慢,总担心自己的衣服是否整齐,总在想一些不必要的事情,必须反复洗手或反复数数,明知担心没有用但总害怕考不好。采用5级计分(“1=从无”~“5=严重”),每个条目得分之和除以6,即为强迫项目的心理健康状况,平均分≥2被认为有强迫行为。该量表各条目的同质性信度为0.65~0.86,分半信度为0.63~0.87。
采用Kwon等编制、项明强等修订的智能手机依赖量表(Smartphone Addiction Scale-Short Version, SAS-SV)中文版[14]进行调查,共有10个项目,采用Likert 6级评分(“1=非常不同意”~“6=非常同意”),全部题目为正向计分,将10个题目的得分相加,总分≥32分为SA。该量表具有良好的信、效度,Cronbach α系数为0.91,可作为我国中学生SA的评估工具。
所有调查人员均经过统一的培训,严格遵循统一指导语,以保证数据的准确性。问卷调查采用线上形式进行,所有参与者在学校内集中完成问卷填写,当场回收问卷,确保数据的即时性和有效性。
使用R 4.1.1软件进行统计分析。首先对计量资料进行正态性分布检验,由于样本量较大,所以采用Kolmogorov-Smirnov检验。计量资料以(均值±标准差)、计数资料以频数(百分率)进行统计描述,由于年龄不符合正态性假设(P≥0.05),组间差异采用Mann-Whitney U检验进行分析,计数资料组间差异采用χ2检验进行分析。以是否有强迫行为为自变量,以是否SA为因变量,分别构建回归模型和线性混合效应模型及其多因素调整模型分析两者间的关联。多因素调整模型中将不同学校作为模型的随机截距、调查年份作为随机斜率,其他控制变量包括年龄、性别、是否早产、父母文化程度、是否单亲家庭等。另外利用基线无SA的核心人群作为亚组构建线性混合效应模型以验证强迫行为对SA发生风险的历时性作用。双侧检验水准α=0.05。
不同性别、父亲教育水平、母亲教育水平、学习负担分组以及是否为单亲家庭中学生SA检出率差异均有统计学意义(P值均 < 0.05)。见表1。2022年中学生SA检出率为25.2%(2 248/8 907),2023年检出率为24.3%(2 160/8 907),差异无统计学意义(χ2=2.28,P=0.13)。
2022年中学生强迫行为检出率为42.7%(3 808/8 907),2023年为43.6%(3 887/8 907),差异无统计学意义(χ2=1.44,P=0.16)。以是否SA为因变量(否=0,是=1),有无强迫行为作为自变量(无=0,有=1)分别对2年的数据进行回归分析,结果显示,2022和2023年有强迫行为的中学生发生SA的可能性分别是无强迫行为中学生的3.34倍(95%CI=3.01~3.70)和3.32倍(95%CI=3.08~3.56)。在进一步的混合效应模型分析中,调整混杂因素后,有强迫行为的中学生发生SA的可能性是无强迫行为者的2.98倍(95%CI=2.77~3.22)。
选择第一年没有SA的人群进行亚组分析,以第一年是否存在强迫行为作为自变量,第二年是否发生SA作为因变量,控制性别、年龄、是否早产、父亲教育水平、母亲教育水平、是否为单亲家庭后,进行多因素调整模型分析。结果显示,与第一年无强迫行为的中学生比,有强迫行为的中学生在第二年出现SA的风险增加(OR=1.76,95%CI=1.54~2.01,P < 0.01)。
本研究采用纵向研究设计,探讨强迫行为与中学生SA之间潜在的因果关联,可为通过提前干预有强迫行为的青少年减少其SA的可能性提供重要参考。研究发现,深圳某地区中学生的SA检出率从2022年的24.3%上升至2023年的25.2%,强迫行为检出率也从2022年的42.7%上升至2023年的43.6%,但差异均无统计学意义。《第49次中国互联网络发展状况统计报告》显示,我国未成年人的智能手机持有率高达82.9%[15],使用SAS-SV中文版的调查结果也显示青少年手机依赖率为27.4%[16]。研究发现,国外青少年群体的SA率超过28%,而我国超过20%的青少年存在SA行为,并且该趋势在逐年递增[16-17]。青少年期是强迫症高发时期,该时期的强迫行为不仅可能影响社交和学习,长期下去还会对心理健康产生负面影响[9]。我国一项使用MMHI-60问卷对重庆市某区青少年进行的横断面调查结果显示,青少年强迫行为检出率高达53%[18]。事实上,从青少年时期出现强迫性特征到发展为临床显著的强迫症状[19],通常会经历一个较长的亚临床阶段。如果能够进行及时的干预和治疗,不仅能够有效减少青少年强迫症的发生,还能显著降低对整个生命周期的负面影响[8]。另一方面,由于大脑发育的特点,青少年对智能手机的依赖更具风险。与成年人相比,青少年的理性脑区(如额叶)尚未完全发育,而与愉悦体验相关的快乐中枢(如伏隔核)却更加活跃,导致其对手机带来的即时快感更加敏感,但控制自身行为的能力却相对较弱[20]。提示青少年在使用智能手机时极易发展出成瘾行为,对身心发展、学业及社交表现产生多重负面影响[21]。因此,针对青少年SA和强迫行为的预防和干预显得尤为重要,不仅需要家庭、学校和社会的共同关注,也呼吁在这一领域加强对青少年的心理健康教育与早期干预。
本研究发现,青少年的强迫行为会增加SA的风险。既往研究表明,具有强迫行为的个体会通过使用智能手机来逃避压力和焦虑,在该行为过程中表现出对使用智能手机的强迫性执行或过度依赖[4, 12, 22]。研究进一步推测,强迫行为与SA的因果关系可能与自我控制力受损和重复行为的奖赏机制有关:(1)强迫行为患者因5-羟色胺分泌失调,导致前额叶皮层的抑制作用减弱,表现为自我控制力受损,使得在面对诱惑时缺乏自我控制,难以抑制使用智能手机的冲动[23]。(2)强迫行为患者的皮层-纹状体环路失调使其容易陷入重复刻板的行为模式,该行为模式会通过多巴胺的过度分泌激活大脑的奖励机制,使智能手机使用带来的奖赏感不断强化,最终发展为成瘾[10, 24]。青少年本身使用智能手机的频率较高,在自我控制能力受损和重复行为奖励机制的共同作用下,有强迫行为的青少年会更容易陷入自我控制力下降-无法控制使用手机-戒断反应的恶性循环。研究也发现,提高强迫行为患者的自我调节能力能够显著降低风险[25],如果可以采取认知行为治疗和行为疗法等措施对有强迫行为的青少年进行干预治疗,提高自我调节能力,将有可能降低其SA的可能性[26]。
本研究存在以下局限性:(1)强迫行为和SA都是量表评估,可能评估的客观性略显不足;(2)样本仅来自深圳地区,结果可能具有一定的地区性、局限性。未来研究可考虑扩展到不同文化背景和社会环境中的青少年群体,探讨文化差异对强迫行为与SA关系的影响。
  • 国家自然科学基金项目(82273649);广东省自然科学基金项目(2024A1515010979)
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2025年第46卷第5期
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doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2025150
  • 接收时间:2025-02-05
  • 首发时间:2026-11-06
  • 出版时间:2025-05-25
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  • 收稿日期:2025-02-05
  • 修回日期:2025-04-02
基金
国家自然科学基金项目(82273649);广东省自然科学基金项目(2024A1515010979)
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    1中山大学公共卫生学院(深圳)妇幼卫生与老龄健康教研室,广东 深圳 518107
    2中山大学公共卫生学院妇幼卫生学系
    3深圳市光明区妇幼保健院保健部

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species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)
属
Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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