Article(id=1325502357060059837, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, issueId=1325501865651216714, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2025123, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1740585600000, receivedDateStr=2025-02-27, revisedDate=1741968000000, revisedDateStr=2025-03-15, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1793953988566, onlineDateStr=2026-11-06, pubDate=1745510400000, pubDateStr=2025-04-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1793953988566, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-11-06, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1793953988566, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1793953988566, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1325501865651216714, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, year='2025', volume='46', issue='4', pageStart='457', pageEnd='572 578', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1745510400000', pubDateStr='2025-04-25', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1793953871404, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1793953871404, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext=null, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=604, endPage=608, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1325502362915308225, articleId=1325502357060059837, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, language=EN, title=Research progress on cyberchondria among college students, columnId=1325500927146341345, journalTitle=Chinese Journal of School Health, columnName=Review, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Cyberchondria is a growing mental health concern in the digital age, significantly impacting college students' physical and psychological well-being as well as their daily functioning. The paper systematically reviews existing domestic and international literature to synthesize key aspects of cyberchondria among college students, including its conceptualization, measurement tools, prevalence, contributing factors, consequences, and intervention approaches. Building on the foundation, the study identifies critical gaps and proposes future research directions. By establishing a comprehensive theoretical framework, the work aims to inform subsequent studies and targeted interventions, ultimately supporting the promotion of mental and physical health among college students affected by cyberchondria.

, authors=Bao DAI, Liying YANG, Yiqing ZHENG, authorsList=Bao DAI, Liying YANG, Yiqing ZHENG, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=null, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=Copyright ©2025 Chinese Journal of School Health. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1325502372599956164, articleId=1325502357060059837, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, language=CN, title=大学生网络疑病症研究进展, columnId=1325500927309919203, journalTitle=中国学校卫生, columnName=综述, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

网络疑病症是互联网时代一种新型的心理健康问题,可对大学生的身心健康和日常行为活动产生重要影响。文章对国内外相关文献进行系统综述,总结归纳出大学生网络疑病症的概念、测量工具、流行情况、影响因素、影响后果及干预策略,并对未来研究进行展望,以期为后续开展大学生网络疑病症的研究和干预工作提供理论参考,进而促进大学生的身心健康发展。

, authors=代宝, 杨利英, 郑怡晴, authorsList=代宝, 杨利英, 郑怡晴, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=null, authorNote=

代宝(1980- ),男,湖北随州人,博士,副教授,主要研究方向为信息系统用户行为。

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大学生网络疑病症研究进展
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代宝 , 杨利英 , 郑怡晴
中国学校卫生 | 综述 2025,46(4): 604-608
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中国学校卫生 |综述 2025 , 46 (4) : 604 -608
大学生网络疑病症研究进展
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代宝, 杨利英, 郑怡晴
作者信息
  • 合肥工业大学管理学院,安徽 230009
作者简介:

代宝(1980- ),男,湖北随州人,博士,副教授,主要研究方向为信息系统用户行为。

Research progress on cyberchondria among college students
Bao DAI, Liying YANG, Yiqing ZHENG
Affiliations
  • School of Management, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei (230009), Anhui Province, China
出版时间: 2025-04-25 doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2025123
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网络疑病症是互联网时代一种新型的心理健康问题,可对大学生的身心健康和日常行为活动产生重要影响。文章对国内外相关文献进行系统综述,总结归纳出大学生网络疑病症的概念、测量工具、流行情况、影响因素、影响后果及干预策略,并对未来研究进行展望,以期为后续开展大学生网络疑病症的研究和干预工作提供理论参考,进而促进大学生的身心健康发展。

因特网  /  疑病症  /  精神卫生  /  学生

Cyberchondria is a growing mental health concern in the digital age, significantly impacting college students' physical and psychological well-being as well as their daily functioning. The paper systematically reviews existing domestic and international literature to synthesize key aspects of cyberchondria among college students, including its conceptualization, measurement tools, prevalence, contributing factors, consequences, and intervention approaches. Building on the foundation, the study identifies critical gaps and proposes future research directions. By establishing a comprehensive theoretical framework, the work aims to inform subsequent studies and targeted interventions, ultimately supporting the promotion of mental and physical health among college students affected by cyberchondria.

Internet  /  Hypochondriasis  /  Mental health  /  Students
代宝, 杨利英, 郑怡晴. 大学生网络疑病症研究进展. 中国学校卫生, 2025 , 46 (4) : 604 -608 . DOI: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2025123
Bao DAI, Liying YANG, Yiqing ZHENG. Research progress on cyberchondria among college students[J]. Chinese Journal of School Health, 2025 , 46 (4) : 604 -608 . DOI: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2025123
当今时代,互联网已成为大学生获取健康信息的重要渠道。一方面,大学生借助互联网可以方便快捷地查询各类疾病的丰富信息,从而进行疾病预防和自我诊断;另一方面,大学生基于互联网的健康信息查询行为也可能导致他们出现网络疑病症。研究表明,网络疑病症会对大学生的身心健康和社交活动等方面产生不利影响[1-4]。因此,近年来国内外学者加强了对大学生网络疑病症的相关研究工作,并取得一定的研究成果。鉴于此,本文拟对现有研究成果进行系统梳理,期望能够为后续相关研究提供便利和参考,同时为有效预防和干预大学生网络疑病症提供理论依据。
目前为止,国内外学者对于网络疑病症的定义尚未达成共识。如Starcevic等[5]认为网络疑病症是个体受到健康相关的苦恼或焦虑的驱使,在网络上反复或过度搜索与健康相关的信息,最终放大了苦恼和焦虑的症状;金童林等[6]将网络疑病症定义为个体因对自身健康状况的焦虑与担忧,在互联网上进行过度或重复性的健康相关信息搜索,结果却加剧了焦虑和担忧,进而导致过度的压力,甚至产生不必要的医疗支出;Shailaja等[7]和Sravani等[8]则认为网络疑病症是一种常见的寻求安全感行为,指的是由于在互联网上不合理地搜索医疗信息,而导致对自身健康状况产生毫无根据的焦虑升级;裴梦雪等[9]将网络疑病症定义为一种个体出于对自身健康的困扰或焦虑,重复或者过度在线搜索健康相关信息以寻求安慰的异常行为模式,该行为模式却使健康相关的困扰或焦虑更加严重。基于此,本文认为网络疑病症是指对自身健康状况感到焦虑或困扰的个体在互联网上进行不合理或过度的健康相关的信息搜索行为,结果反而使这种健康相关的困扰和焦虑更加严重。
目前,国内外学者已经开发了多种用于评估网络疑病症的工具,其中具有代表性的主要有以下几种:(1)网络疑病症严重程度量表(Cyberchondria Severity Scale, CSS)[10]。共33个项目5个维度,即不信任医疗专业人员、寻求安慰、过度性、痛苦和强迫性。后来,一些学者基于该量表制定了本土版或简化版的网络疑病症严重程度量表[11-12]。(2)网络疑病量表(Cyberchondria Scale, CS)[13]。包括13个项目,从冲动和过度、担忧和恐惧2个维度对个体网络疑病症症状的严重程度进行测量。(3)网络疑病严重程度量表简表(Cyberchondria Severity Scale-Short Form, CSS-12)[14]。该量表共有12个题项,包含过度性、痛苦、强迫性和寻求安慰4个维度。目前,该量表已经在多项研究中广泛使用,具有较高的信度和效度[15-16]。(4)简短网络疑病症量表(Short Cyberchondria Scale, SCS)[17]。共有4个项目,围绕网络搜索健康信息后的负面情绪展开,反映了网络疑病症的核心要素,但在信、效度以及跨文化适用性方面还需要开展更深入的探究。(5)中文版简式网络疑病量表[6]。共包含12个条目,从寻求帮助、过度关注、负面干扰和搜索焦虑4个方面评估个体的网络疑病症倾向。(6)大学生网络疑病症严重程度量表(Cyberchondria Severity Scale, CSS)[18]。是用于评估大学生网络疑病症现状的量表,共有23个项目,分为焦虑加剧、强迫性、感知可控性和在线医患互动4个维度,但该量表在普适性、信效度等方面尚待进一步的检验。
相关研究表明,网络疑病症在大学生群体中已经较为普遍。Zhu等[19]在对中国大学生的横断面调查中发现,有57.6%患有网络疑病症;Bagaric等[20]的调查显示,克罗地亚大学生的网络疑病症患病率为48.5%;Aulia等[21]研究发现,37.65%的印度尼西亚大学生患有网络疑病症;El-Zoghby等[15]对埃及7所大学的医学生开展横断面调查研究,结果发现85.8%的医学生存在网络疑病症症状。Sabir等[22]研究发现,74.2%的巴基斯坦大学生患有网络疑病症,且男生患病率(66.9%)低于女生(81.4%)。Sravani等[8]对印度医学专业本科生的横断面调查显示,89%患有网络疑病症,男生患病率为95%,女生为82%。此外,该研究还发现大一和大三学生的网络疑病症患病率(97%和96%)高于大二和大四学生(75%和87%)。
从经济条件看,患有网络疑病症的印度大学生中,70.6%属于较高的社会经济阶层,可能由于该人群更可能拥有智能手机或电脑,访问互联网的机会大大增加[23]。从专业来看,有研究发现印度尼西亚和伊朗的医学生和非医学生群体的网络疑病症患病率存在差异,医学生群体患病率相对较高[21]。
(1) 情绪因素。有研究发现,焦虑[6-8, 20, 24-29]、担忧[15]、恐惧[2, 7, 30]和抑郁[6]等负面情绪会对大学生网络疑病症的形成产生影响[27, 31]。其中,健康焦虑对大学生网络疑病症有直接的正向影响[6, 20, 24-27]。健康焦虑水平高的个体更倾向于频繁在网络上搜索健康信息以确认自己的健康状况,但纷繁复杂的网络信息往往会进一步加剧他们的焦虑,导致网络疑病症的发生和加重。特别是新型冠状病毒(以下简称“新冠病毒”)感染疫情的发生,对新冠病毒的焦虑[8, 28]以及对被感染的持续恐惧[2, 7, 30]成为大学生网络疑病症的重要情绪诱因。这种焦虑和恐惧的情绪使得他们在网络上反复查询相关信息,进而加剧了网络疑病症倾向。此外,Zhou等[32]研究发现,压力与大学生网络疑病症呈正相关,而述情障碍正向调节两者的关系。(2)认知因素。Gibler等[27]研究发现,疼痛灾难化思维正向影响大学生网络疑病症严重程度。廖梅香等[31]的研究表明,归因方式与大学生网络疑病症存在正相关。Bonus等[33]研究指出,计算机自我效能与大学生网络疑病症倾向呈正相关。此外,刘雅欣[24]研究发现,不合理的健康信念对大学生网络疑病症的形成具有直接影响,健康焦虑在二者之间起中介作用。(3)人格特质因素。已有研究发现,神经质[12, 31, 33-34]、责任心[34]、顺同性[31]等人格特质会对大学生网络疑病症的严重程度产生正向影响。另有研究显示,低自尊的大学生更容易经历网络疑病症,因为他们认为在网上搜索与症状相关的信息比见医生更自在和舒适[35]。还有研究表明,焦虑敏感性与大学生网络疑病症之间存在正相关[29],无法忍受不确定性对大学生网络疑病症具有正向预测作用[6, 29]。(4)能力因素。多项研究探讨了健康素养与大学生网络疑病症的关系,但研究结果存在差异。Mohammed等[26]研究发现,健康素养低的大学生在面对海量网络信息时难以辨别真伪,盲目相信并产生不必要的担忧,从而引发或加重网络疑病症;王岩[25]的研究也证实了电子健康素养与大学生网络疑病症之间的负相关关系,但Zhu等[19]的研究结果却相反。此外,Zhou等[32]的研究发现,有述情障碍的大学生更容易被自己的身体反应所困扰,频繁进行与健康相关的在线搜索行为,进而导致出现网络疑病症。
有研究发现,无慢性病的大学生往往更加关注自身健康状况,但又缺乏对疾病的了解,因而更容易出现网络疑病症[36];另有研究表明,有无合并症(即同时患有2种及以上疾病)的大学生网络疑病症严重程度存在差异[32];还有研究指出,有疾病史的大学生网络疑病症严重程度略高于无疾病史的学生[24]。此外,Shailaja等[7]的研究显示,食欲变化会在一定程度上加重大学生网络疑病症的严重程度。
大学生的网络疑病症还受到社交媒体使用行为[15]、在线健康信息搜索行为[19, 22, 28, 36]及频率[15]等因素的影响。有研究探讨了大学生网络疑病症与互联网使用习惯的关系,发现全天候访问互联网、夜间使用互联网超过1 h以及使用互联网时间≤5年且每天≤6 h者的网络疑病症患病率更高[23, 36]。还有研究指出,网络成瘾[28]和智能手机成瘾[15-16]与大学生网络疑病症严重程度存在正相关,而且网络成瘾会通过引发大学生对新冠病毒的焦虑,进而正向影响网络疑病症的严重程度。还有研究发现,大学生观看或阅读新冠病毒感染疫情相关新闻的时间与其网络疑病症的严重程度有直接关系[8]。此外,Sravani等[8]研究表明,运动锻炼和实施控制感染方案能负向影响大学生网络疑病症严重程度,饮酒则会正向影响大学生网络疑病症严重程度。
现有研究表明,女大学生更倾向于通过网络寻求健康信息以获得安心感,因此会比男大学生更容易患上网络疑病症[2, 24, 32, 36-37]。另有研究指出,年龄较大的学生出现网络疑病症的可能性更低,究其原因可能是年龄较大的个体对健康问题的认知更加成熟[36]。还有研究发现,平均绩点高的大学生比绩点低的学生表现出更严重的网络疑病症[38],但Patanapu等[37]的研究结果却与之相反。还有研究探讨了专业对大学生网络疑病症严重程度的影响,如Agrawal等[16]的研究发现医学生比非医学生的网络疑病症严重程度更低,但曹锦丹等[39]研究发现两类学生群体的网络疑病症严重程度并无显著差异。此外,还有研究发现独居、城市居民的大学生网络疑病症更加严重[2];而处于收支平衡的大学生网络疑病症严重程度要高于入不敷出的学生[36]。
Bahadir等[40]研究发现,不太可靠的在线健康信息来源是大学生网络疑病症形成的重要原因,而且大学生网络疑病症的严重程度会因信息来源的不同而有所变化;Sravani等[8]研究表明父母职业是大学生网络疑病症的显著预测因素;裴梦雪等[9]的研究发现,父母拒绝(指父母以消极、否定的态度对待子女,养育过程中缺乏爱心、关怀与支持,甚至对子女进行体罚、辱骂等身体和心理上的伤害)与大学生网络疑病症呈正相关,而无法忍受不确定性在其中起部分中介作用且受到自我聚焦注意的正向调节。此外,Mrayyan等[38]研究发现学校的互联网接入情况会对大学生网络疑病症产生影响。
多项研究发现网络疑病症会提高大学生的焦虑水平[1, 41],加重大学生的健康焦虑程度[2, 26]。还有研究发现,网络疑病症会显著增加女大学生的抑郁风险[3]。另有研究指出,新冠病毒疫情期间网络疑病症会导致大学生产生相关焦虑[28]。
Mohammed等[26]研究发现,患有网络疑病症的大学生会过度依赖网络信息进行自我诊断,导致其面对健康问题时判断失准,进而降低自身健康素养水平。刘子琦[42]对在校大学生的研究表明,网络疑病症水平会影响大学生健康威胁线索的注意偏向,网络疑病症水平低的大学生对低健康威胁刺激更敏感,网络疑病症水平高的大学生的注意偏向不随威胁程度而变化。Bagaric等[20]研究发现,网络疑病症水平高的大学生通常能回忆起更多的健康相关信息。
此外,还有研究指出网络疑病症正向预测大学生的学业压力[30]和主观幸福感[16],其中网络疑病症对大学生学业压力的正向影响受到创造性应对方式及社会支持的正向调节作用[30]。
网络疑病症对大学生行为的影响主要表现在上网行为方面。有研究显示,网络疑病症会影响大学生的在线健康信息搜索行为及频率,促使大学生花费大量时间反复搜索健康信息,即便结果相互矛盾或无明确结论,仍会持续搜索,形成恶性循环[1, 15, 19];另有研究发现,新冠病毒感染疫情期间网络疑病症严重的大学生会花费更多时间关注疫情相关新闻,试图获取更多信息缓解焦虑,但往往适得其反[43];还有研究表明网络疑病症会增加大学生网络成瘾[4, 43]和智能手机成瘾[15]的可能性。
此外,部分研究指出,网络疑病症还会对大学生的社交活动[1]、生活质量[3]、睡眠质量[19]以及医疗行为[41]等产生负向影响。
现有研究指出,认知行为疗法是降低大学生网络疑病症水平的有效方法,其中具体措施包括元认知疗法、理性情绪疗法、正念认知疗法等[15, 25]。廖梅香等[31]对齐齐哈尔市某医学院800名学生进行了问卷调查,按网络疑病基线分数等入组标准筛选出20名网络疑病症水平高的学生,随机分为试验组与对照组各10名,对试验组开展8周正念训练后,与对照组相比,试验组学生网络疑病症水平显著降低。Abu等[43]也认为可以通过正念等方法引导学生关注当下,放松身心,调节情绪,从而降低网络疑病症的发生风险。刘雅欣[24]建议高校心理教师利用理性情绪疗法改变学生的不合理健康信念,进而降低大学生网络疑病症水平。
体育锻炼可以改善个体的心理状态,有效预防大学生网络疑病症的形成和发展[8, 15, 43]。El-Zoghby等[15]认为,规律的体育活动能够减少大学生对智能手机的依赖,过度使用手机进行健康信息搜索的行为也会相应减少,从而控制大学生网络疑病症水平,减轻网络疑病症症状;Sravani等[8]的研究也证实了运动锻炼对大学生网络疑病症的影响,适当增加运动量能够降低网络疑病症发生的可能性,为将运动锻炼作为预防网络疑病症的有效方式提供了一定的理论依据。
此外,还有学者建议通过提高电子健康素养[23, 36, 39]、规范网络健康信息传播[7, 36]等方式对大学生网络疑病症进行干预,但这些策略的有效性还有待进一步的验证。
综上所述,大学生网络疑病症受到自身心理、生理、行为以及外部环境等多重因素的影响,同时也会对其身心健康和行为等产生不良影响。尽管学术界对于大学生网络疑病症的相关研究已经取得了一定进展,但仍存在不足之处,具体包括:(1)现有针对大学生网络疑病症的研究多为横断面调查研究。未来研究可开展大规模、长期的纵向调查,深入探究大学生网络疑病症的共性和动态变化机制。(2)不同文化背景下大学生的网络行为、健康观念和应对心理问题的方式存在差异,可能会对其网络疑病症的形成、表现以及发展演化产生影响。未来学者可以开展关于大学生网络疑病症的跨文化研究,探讨不同文化背景下的异同。(3)目前关于大学生网络疑病症的干预研究相对较少,传统干预方法的有效性还有待进一步检验。未来可以加强对大学生网络疑病症干预策略的研究,从学校、家庭、个体及社会等层面探索能够有效预防和应对大学生网络疑病症的手段和方法。
  • 国家自然科学基金面上项目(71871083)
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2025年第46卷第4期
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doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2025123
  • 接收时间:2025-02-27
  • 首发时间:2026-11-06
  • 出版时间:2025-04-25
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  • 收稿日期:2025-02-27
  • 修回日期:2025-03-15
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国家自然科学基金面上项目(71871083)
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    合肥工业大学管理学院,安徽 230009
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
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属数
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genus
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species
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total species (%)
属
Genus
种数
Number of
species
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Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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