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Article(id=1325501915609571942, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, issueId=1325501865651216714, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2025107, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1730304000000, receivedDateStr=2024-10-31, revisedDate=1740585600000, revisedDateStr=2025-02-27, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1793953883315, onlineDateStr=2026-11-06, pubDate=1745510400000, pubDateStr=2025-04-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1793953883315, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-11-06, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1793953883315, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1793953883315, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1325501865651216714, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, year='2025', volume='46', issue='4', pageStart='457', pageEnd='572 578', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1745510400000', pubDateStr='2025-04-25', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1793953871404, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1793953871404, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext=null, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=500, endPage=503, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1325501916112888423, articleId=1325501915609571942, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, language=EN, title=Relationship of the cumulative ecological risk and physical activity behaviors among junior high school students, columnId=1259565859148804482, journalTitle=Chinese Journal of School Health, columnName=Health Education and Promotion, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

To analyze the relationship between cumulative ecological risks and physical activity behaviors of junior high school students, so as to provide theoretical support for promoting the physical and mental health development of junior high school students.

Methods

From March to April 2023, a multi-stage random cluster sampling method was used to conduct an online survey of 3 502 middle school students in Henan Province. Physical activity levels and cumulative ecological risk were measured using the Physical Activity Rating Scale-3 and the Cumulative Ecological Risk Scale. Chi-square test and multiple Logistic regression were employed to examine the distribution and influencing factors of physical exercise behaviors among different student groups.

Results

light physical exercise had the highest proportion of physical activity in tensity among junior high school students (48.5%), with 80.4% engaging in low levels of physical activity. Only 16.8% of students exercised ≥1 time daily, and the most common frequency was 1-2 times per week (44.1%). Gender, residential area, parental education, and peer support were all significantly associated with physical activity levels among junior high school students (χ2=122.53, 6.49, 7.49, 10.17, P<0.05). Logistic regression analysis showed that higher cumulative ecological risk scores were associated with a greater likelihood of engaging in low levels of physical activity compared to high levels (OR=1.12, 95%CI=1.02-1.23, P < 0.05), but no significant association was found for moderate physical activity (OR=1.08, 95%CI=0.97-1.21, P>0.05).

Conclusions

Junior high school students in Henan Province generally engage in insufficient physical exercise. Cumulative ecological risk negatively predicts their physical activity behaviors.

, authors=Wenzhe* DU1, Kai HUANG2, Cuiping WU1, authorsList=Wenzhe* DU, Kai HUANG, Cuiping WU, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=null, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=Copyright ©2025 Chinese Journal of School Health. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1325501916972720744, articleId=1325501915609571942, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, language=CN, title=累积生态风险与初中生体育锻炼行为的关系, columnId=1259565859903779205, journalTitle=中国学校卫生, columnName=健康教育与健康促进, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
目的

分析累积生态风险与初中生体育锻炼情况的关系，为推动初中生身心健康发展提供理论支撑。

方法

2023年3—4月，采用多阶段随机整群抽样方法，并使用体育活动等级量表和累积生态风险量表对河南省3 502名初中生进行线上调查。运用χ2检验和多元Logistic回归分析不同初中生群体体育锻炼情况及相关因素。

结果

轻微运动在初中生体育锻炼强度的占比最高(48.5%)，80.4%的初中生为小运动量；其中16.8%的初中生能每天锻炼≥1次，锻炼频率多为每周1~2次(44.1%)。性别、家庭居住地、父母学历、朋友支持与初中生运动量均相关(χ2值分别为122.53，6.49，7.49，10.17，P值均 < 0.05)。多元Logistic回归分析显示，随着累积生态风险指数的升高，初中生选择小运动量(相对于大运动量)的可能性增加(OR=1.12，95%CI=1.02~1.23，P<0.05)，但与中运动量的相关性无统计学意义(OR=1.08，95%CI=0.97~1.21，P>0.05)。

结论

河南省初中生普遍存在体育锻炼不足的现象，累积生态风险能负向预测初中生体育锻炼行为。

, authors=杜文哲1, 黄凯2, 吴翠平1, authorsList=杜文哲, 黄凯, 吴翠平, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=null, authorNote=

杜文哲(2000-)，男，河南安阳人，在读硕士，主要研究方向为公共卫生

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J Shanghai Univ Sport, 2020, 44(4): 41-49. (in Chinese), articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1325501932390982315, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, articleId=1325501915609571942, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=18, rfOrder=31, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=董亚琦, 葛袁园, 丁飞, 等. 累积生态风险对大学生体育锻炼的影响: 运动氛围和锻炼自我效能感的中介效应[J]. 中国健康心理学杂志, 2022, 30(8): 1244-1249., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1325501932453896876, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, articleId=1325501915609571942, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=18, rfOrder=32, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=DONG Y Q, GE Y Y, DING F, et al. 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Physical exercise behavior of junior high school students by different genders

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
性别人数体育锻炼强度每天体育锻炼时间/min体育锻炼频率
轻微运动小强度中等强度大强度但不持久大强度且持久≤1011~2021~3031~59≥60＜1次/月2~3次/月1~2次/周3~5次/周≥1次/d
男1 741685(39.4)274(15.7)441(25.3)284(16.3)57(3.3)207(11.9)586(33.7)559(32.1)221(12.7)168(9.6)103(5.9)287(16.5)789(45.3)302(17.4)260(14.9)
女1 7611 013(57.5)265(15.0)359(20.5)91(5.2)33(1.9)264(15.0)706(40.1)603(34.2)142(8.1)46(2.6)112(6.4)290(16.5)756(42.9)273(15.5)330(18.7)
合计3 5021 698(48.5)539(15.4)800(22.8)375(10.7)90(2.6)471(13.4)1 292(36.9)1 162(33.2)363(10.4)214(6.1)215(6.1)577(16.5)1 545(44.1)575(16.4)590(16.9)
), ArticleFig(id=1325501926095331976, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, articleId=1325501915609571942, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

不同性别初中生体育锻炼行为分布

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
性别人数体育锻炼强度每天体育锻炼时间/min体育锻炼频率
轻微运动小强度中等强度大强度但不持久大强度且持久≤1011~2021~3031~59≥60＜1次/月2~3次/月1~2次/周3~5次/周≥1次/d
男1 741685(39.4)274(15.7)441(25.3)284(16.3)57(3.3)207(11.9)586(33.7)559(32.1)221(12.7)168(9.6)103(5.9)287(16.5)789(45.3)302(17.4)260(14.9)
女1 7611 013(57.5)265(15.0)359(20.5)91(5.2)33(1.9)264(15.0)706(40.1)603(34.2)142(8.1)46(2.6)112(6.4)290(16.5)756(42.9)273(15.5)330(18.7)
合计3 5021 698(48.5)539(15.4)800(22.8)375(10.7)90(2.6)471(13.4)1 292(36.9)1 162(33.2)363(10.4)214(6.1)215(6.1)577(16.5)1 545(44.1)575(16.4)590(16.9)
), ArticleFig(id=1325501926162440841, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, articleId=1325501915609571942, language=EN, label=Tab.2, caption=

Univariate analysis of physical activity levels among junior high school students

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
因素选项人数小运动量中运动量大运动量χ2值P值
性别男1 7411 281(73.6)302(17.3)158(9.1)122.53< 0.01
女1 7611 533(87.1)191(10.8)37(2.1)
年级初一1 8381 483(80.7)265(14.4)90(4.9)3.620.46
初二1 5081 205(79.9)207(13.7)96(6.4)
初三156126(80.8)21(13.5)9(5.7)
家庭居住地城市2 3611 877(79.5)337(14.3)147(6.2)6.490.04
农村1 141937(82.1)156(13.7)48(4.2)
住宿生是671540(80.5)101(15.1)30(4.4)2.360.31
否2 8312 274(80.3)392(13.8)165(5.9)
父母学历无风险1 8231 438(78.9)267(14.6)118(6.5)7.490.24
有风险1 6791 376(81.9)226(13.5)77(4.6)
家庭结构无风险3 3812 724(80.6)472(14.0)185(5.4)3.150.21
有风险12190(74.4)21(17.4)10(8.2)
家庭经济无风险3 2962 648(80.3)465(14.1)183(5.6)0.060.97
条件有风险206166(80.6)28(13.6)12(5.8)
家庭支持无风险2 6392 113(80.1)373(14.1)153(5.8)1.150.56
有风险863701(81.2)120(13.9)42(4.9)
朋友支持无风险2 6702 117(79.3)389(14.6)164(6.1)10.170.01
有风险832697(83.8)104(12.5)31(3.7)
师生关系无风险2 9002 318(79.9)411(14.2)171(5.9)3.750.15
有风险602496(82.4)82(13.6)24(4.0)
同学关系无风险2 9342 347(80.0)415(14.1)172(5.9)3.170.21
有风险568467(82.2)78(13.7)23(4.1)
学校联结无风险2 8732 295(79.9)412(14.3)166(5.8)2.490.29
有风险629519(82.5)81(12.9)29(4.6)
不良同伴无风险2 7992 255(80.6)392(14.0)152(5.4)0.600.74
交往有风险703559(79.5)101(14.4)43(6.1)
), ArticleFig(id=1325501926250521226, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, articleId=1325501915609571942, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

初中生体育活动等级的单因素分析

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
因素选项人数小运动量中运动量大运动量χ2值P值
性别男1 7411 281(73.6)302(17.3)158(9.1)122.53< 0.01
女1 7611 533(87.1)191(10.8)37(2.1)
年级初一1 8381 483(80.7)265(14.4)90(4.9)3.620.46
初二1 5081 205(79.9)207(13.7)96(6.4)
初三156126(80.8)21(13.5)9(5.7)
家庭居住地城市2 3611 877(79.5)337(14.3)147(6.2)6.490.04
农村1 141937(82.1)156(13.7)48(4.2)
住宿生是671540(80.5)101(15.1)30(4.4)2.360.31
否2 8312 274(80.3)392(13.8)165(5.9)
父母学历无风险1 8231 438(78.9)267(14.6)118(6.5)7.490.24
有风险1 6791 376(81.9)226(13.5)77(4.6)
家庭结构无风险3 3812 724(80.6)472(14.0)185(5.4)3.150.21
有风险12190(74.4)21(17.4)10(8.2)
家庭经济无风险3 2962 648(80.3)465(14.1)183(5.6)0.060.97
条件有风险206166(80.6)28(13.6)12(5.8)
家庭支持无风险2 6392 113(80.1)373(14.1)153(5.8)1.150.56
有风险863701(81.2)120(13.9)42(4.9)
朋友支持无风险2 6702 117(79.3)389(14.6)164(6.1)10.170.01
有风险832697(83.8)104(12.5)31(3.7)
师生关系无风险2 9002 318(79.9)411(14.2)171(5.9)3.750.15
有风险602496(82.4)82(13.6)24(4.0)
同学关系无风险2 9342 347(80.0)415(14.1)172(5.9)3.170.21
有风险568467(82.2)78(13.7)23(4.1)
学校联结无风险2 8732 295(79.9)412(14.3)166(5.8)2.490.29
有风险629519(82.5)81(12.9)29(4.6)
不良同伴无风险2 7992 255(80.6)392(14.0)152(5.4)0.600.74
交往有风险703559(79.5)101(14.4)43(6.1)
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累积生态风险与初中生体育锻炼行为的关系
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杜文哲 1 , 黄凯 2 , 吴翠平 1
中国学校卫生 | 健康教育与健康促进 2025,46(4): 500-503
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中国学校卫生 |健康教育与健康促进 2025 , 46 (4) : 500 -503
累积生态风险与初中生体育锻炼行为的关系
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杜文哲1, 黄凯2, 吴翠平1
作者信息
  • 1郑州大学公共卫生学院，河南 455001
  • 2中山大学公共卫生学院
作者简介:

杜文哲(2000-)，男，河南安阳人，在读硕士，主要研究方向为公共卫生

Relationship of the cumulative ecological risk and physical activity behaviors among junior high school students
Wenzhe* DU1, Kai HUANG2, Cuiping WU1
Affiliations
  • 1*College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou (455001), Henan Province, China
出版时间: 2025-04-25 doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2025107
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摘要
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目的

分析累积生态风险与初中生体育锻炼情况的关系，为推动初中生身心健康发展提供理论支撑。

方法

2023年3—4月，采用多阶段随机整群抽样方法，并使用体育活动等级量表和累积生态风险量表对河南省3 502名初中生进行线上调查。运用χ2检验和多元Logistic回归分析不同初中生群体体育锻炼情况及相关因素。

结果

轻微运动在初中生体育锻炼强度的占比最高(48.5%)，80.4%的初中生为小运动量；其中16.8%的初中生能每天锻炼≥1次，锻炼频率多为每周1~2次(44.1%)。性别、家庭居住地、父母学历、朋友支持与初中生运动量均相关(χ2值分别为122.53，6.49，7.49，10.17，P值均 < 0.05)。多元Logistic回归分析显示，随着累积生态风险指数的升高，初中生选择小运动量(相对于大运动量)的可能性增加(OR=1.12，95%CI=1.02~1.23，P<0.05)，但与中运动量的相关性无统计学意义(OR=1.08，95%CI=0.97~1.21，P>0.05)。

结论

河南省初中生普遍存在体育锻炼不足的现象，累积生态风险能负向预测初中生体育锻炼行为。

累积生态风险  /  身体锻炼  /  行为  /  回归分析  /  学生
Objective

To analyze the relationship between cumulative ecological risks and physical activity behaviors of junior high school students, so as to provide theoretical support for promoting the physical and mental health development of junior high school students.

Methods

From March to April 2023, a multi-stage random cluster sampling method was used to conduct an online survey of 3 502 middle school students in Henan Province. Physical activity levels and cumulative ecological risk were measured using the Physical Activity Rating Scale-3 and the Cumulative Ecological Risk Scale. Chi-square test and multiple Logistic regression were employed to examine the distribution and influencing factors of physical exercise behaviors among different student groups.

Results

light physical exercise had the highest proportion of physical activity in tensity among junior high school students (48.5%), with 80.4% engaging in low levels of physical activity. Only 16.8% of students exercised ≥1 time daily, and the most common frequency was 1-2 times per week (44.1%). Gender, residential area, parental education, and peer support were all significantly associated with physical activity levels among junior high school students (χ2=122.53, 6.49, 7.49, 10.17, P<0.05). Logistic regression analysis showed that higher cumulative ecological risk scores were associated with a greater likelihood of engaging in low levels of physical activity compared to high levels (OR=1.12, 95%CI=1.02-1.23, P < 0.05), but no significant association was found for moderate physical activity (OR=1.08, 95%CI=0.97-1.21, P>0.05).

Conclusions

Junior high school students in Henan Province generally engage in insufficient physical exercise. Cumulative ecological risk negatively predicts their physical activity behaviors.

Cumulative ecological risk  /  Exercise movement techniques  /  Behavior  /  Regression analysis  /  Students
杜文哲, 黄凯, 吴翠平. 累积生态风险与初中生体育锻炼行为的关系. 中国学校卫生, 2025 , 46 (4) : 500 -503 . DOI: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2025107
Wenzhe* DU, Kai HUANG, Cuiping WU. Relationship of the cumulative ecological risk and physical activity behaviors among junior high school students[J]. Chinese Journal of School Health, 2025 , 46 (4) : 500 -503 . DOI: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2025107
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久坐行为是多种慢性疾病的重要风险因子，缺乏体育锻炼已成为全球第四大死亡风险因素[1]。2010—2019年间3次全国学生体质与健康调研数据显示，13~15岁初中生体育活动水平有明显提高，但只有不到50%的初中生每日校内体育活动时长达到1 h[2]。青少年体育锻炼行为受家庭、学校、同伴等多个生态子系统的影响[3]。由于风险间协同发生的特性，有学者对影响青少年体育锻炼行为的生态子系统(如家庭、学校、同伴等)进行了综合考量，探究累积生态风险如何对青少年体育锻炼行为产生不利影响[4]。本研究的主要目标在于探究河南省初中生体育锻炼状况，并分析累积生态风险与其相关性，为推动青少年身心健康发展提供理论支撑。
1　对象与方法
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1.1　对象
2023年3—4月采用多阶段随机整群抽样法，先分别在郑州市和洛阳市采用随机数字表法抽取2个区县(郑州市新郑市和中牟县、洛阳市洛宁县和老城区)，再在每个地区随机抽取2~3所初中，以抽取学校的全体学生为调查对象。采用自制调查问卷在课余时间利用问卷星对中学生开展线上自填式匿名问卷调查，共纳入3 560名学生，其中郑州市2 021名，洛阳市1 537名，其他地区2名。问卷剔除标准：(1)作答时间＜200 s；(2)身高、体重的填写出现明显错误，或明显偏离正常范围的数值；(3)年龄不在10~18岁的范围之内。剔除58份不符合标准的问卷，回收3 502份有效问卷，有效率为98.4%，其中男生1 741名，女生1 761名；初一学生1 838名，初二1 508名，初三156名；城市学生2 361名，乡村1 141名；独生子女264名，非独生子女3 238名；汉族3 424名，其他民族78名；住宿生671名，非住宿生2 831名。调查的学生及家长均知情同意，本研究获得郑州大学生命科学伦理审查委员会批准(编号: ZZUIRB2023-259)。
1.2　调查方法
1.2.1　学生基本情况
包括性别、年龄、身高、体重、年级、家庭居住地、是否独生子女、民族、是否住宿、自感学习成绩等。
1.2.2　累积生态风险量表
该量表是在鲍振宙等[4]提出的累积生态风险量表的基础上，参照靳明等[5]研究编制而成，具体涵盖9个维度的风险因素，包括家庭结构、家庭经济条件、家庭支持、父母学历、师生关系、同学关系、学校联结、朋友支持及不良同伴交往。对于量表中的分类变量，父母双方的学历均处于初中及以下水平、家庭结构显示为非双亲或双亲与祖辈的共同抚养、家庭经济状况为较差或很差被界定为有风险；其余情况则视为无风险[5]。对于量表中连续性变量，首先将累积生态风险量表各分量表的条目得分进行累加，从而得出风险变量的总分，再以其P25或P75作为界值，将每个风险因素转化为二分类变量[5]：家庭支持、朋友支持、师生关系、同学关系、学校联结均以得分<P25为有风险，得分≥P25为无风险；不良同伴交往以得分>P75为有风险，得分≤P25为无风险，所有变量有风险计为1分，无风险计为0分。构建累积生态指数，将所有风险因素的得分相加计算出累积生态风险指数，累积生态风险指数越高，说明个体面临的生态风险越多。本研究中各分量表Cronbach α系数为0.80~0.92。
1.2.3　体育活动等级量表(Physical Activity Rating Scale-3, PARS-3)
量表为经梁德清[6]修订而成的中文版本，用于量化评估受试者的运动量，涵盖体育锻炼的强度(1~5分)、频率(1~5分)以及持续时间(1~5分)3个维度，体育锻炼强度：轻微运动(如散步、做广播体操、打门球等)；小强度的不太紧张的运动(如消遣娱乐性的打排球、乒乓球、慢跑、打太极拳等)；中等强度的较激烈持久的运动(如骑自行车、跑步、打乒乓球等)；呼吸急促、出汗很多的大强度的，但不持久的运动(如打羽毛球、篮球、网球、足球等)；呼吸急促，出汗很多的大强度的持久的运动(如赛跑、成套健美操练习、游泳等)。根据运动量=强度×时间×频率，计算出初中生运动量得分，得分为0~100分，该量表Cronbach α系数为0.82。运动量得分＜19分为小运动量，20~42分为中等运动量，＞43分为大运动量。
1.3　质量控制
对调查组织者和辅助教师进行统一培训，确保其熟悉问卷内容和答题要求。通过问卷星平台提前设计和反复测试问卷系统，设置逻辑跳转、必答项及异常值提醒，避免数据逻辑错误；统一进行线上答题，确保环境安静、不受干扰，控制答题时间；由教师在场监督指导，提醒学生独立、如实作答，避免随意填答或代填。
1.4　统计学分析
通过SPSS 21.0软件进行数据管理、信效度分析和相关分析；对于符合正态分布的连续性变量采用(x ±s)描述，运用χ2检验和多元Logistic回归分析，探究初中生群体中体育锻炼行为分布差异及相关影响因素。双侧检验水准为α=0.05。
2　结果
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2.1　初中生体育锻炼行为现状
轻微运动在初中生体育锻炼强度的占比最高(48.5%)，其次为中等强度(22.8%)。初中生参加体育锻炼的频率多数为每周1~2次(44.1%)，其次为≥1次/d(16.8%)。见表1。分类中运动量等级，小运动量占比最高(80.4%，2 814名)，其次为中等运动量(14.1%，493名)、大运动量(5.6%，195名)。
2.2　累计生态风险与初中生体育锻炼行为的相关性
2.2.1　单一生态风险因素与初中生体育锻炼的关系
有75.4%(2 641名)的初中生存在至少一种生态风险因素。对各生态风险变量进行二分编码，父母学历(1=有风险、0=无风险)，家庭结构(1=有风险、0=无风险)，家庭经济条件(1=有风险、0=无风险)，家庭支持(1=有风险、0=无风险)，朋友支持(1=有风险、0=无风险)，师生关系(1=有风险、0=无风险)，同学关系(1=有风险、0=无风险)，学校联结(1=有风险、0=无风险)，不良同伴交往(1=有风险、0=无风险)。
单因素分析结果显示，男生运动量高于女生；城市学生运动量高于农村学生；父母学历高，朋友支持好的学生更可能从事大运动量活动(P值均＜0.05)。见表2。
2.2.2　累积生态风险因素与初中生体育锻炼行为的关系
中学生总体累积生态风险的平均分为(1.77±1.67)分，男生为(1.72±1.65)分，女生为(1.82±1.69)分。以初中生运动量等级为因变量(以大运动量为参照)，以累积生态风险指数为自变量，将性别、年级、家庭居住地、住宿生作为协变量纳入多元Logistic回归分析。结果显示，累积生态风险指数越高，初中生选择小运动量的可能性显著增加(OR=1.12，95%CI=1.02~1.23，P=0.02)，但对中等运动量的选择影响无统计学意义[OR值(95%CI)=1.08(0.97~1.21)，P=0.14]。
此外，性别作为协变量也表现出显著影响。与女生相比，在控制其他协变量的前提下，性别对体育活动水平的预测作用具有统计学意义。男生不易被归类为小运动量[OR值(95%CI)=0.20(0.14~0.28)]或中等运动量[OR值(95%CI)=0.37(0.25~0.56)组(P值均 < 0.01)，提示男生更可能参与大运动量的体育锻炼。
3　讨论
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根据《全民健身计划(2021—2025)》倡导的“保障学生每天校内、校外各1个小时体育活动时间[7]”，本研究发现，河南省初中生普遍存在体育锻炼不足的问题，其锻炼的强度、时间、频率均未达到青少年身体活动最低推荐量。本研究结果显示，男生运动量高于女生，与郑亚男等[8-9]研究结果一致。由于男生和女生在性格、生理等方面存在差异，男生比女生更愿意参与体育活动[10]。从体育锻炼的3个维度来看，初中生体育锻炼强度大多以中小强度为主，每次锻炼时间主要集中在11~20，21~30 min，仅16.8%的初中生能达到“每天进行一次体育锻炼”的频率。大多数初中生未达到《中国儿童青少年身体活动指南》[11]中建议的青少年最低推荐量，与张杰等[12-13]研究一致。从体育锻炼的总体水平来看，80.4%的初中生处于小运动量等级，这一现象与中考压力下文化课学习时间占用体育活动时间相关[14]。
中学生体育锻炼行为受家庭、学校、同伴等多个生态子系统的影响，75.4%的初中生面临至少一种生态风险因素。本研究结果显示，父母学历、朋友支持与其体育锻炼水平相关，与胡鹏辉等[15-17]研究一致。父母文化水平影响父母对体育锻炼的认识与态度，从而影响父母对于其子女参与体育锻炼的态度[15]。朋友支持与集体运动会影响初中生对体育活动的选择和正向情感体验[16]，朋友陪同对初中生体育锻炼水平有正向影响作用[17]。累积生态风险指数越高，初中生选择小运动量(相对于大运动量)的概率增加，但对中运动量的影响无统计学意义。累积生态风险与初中生运动量水平呈负相关，与其他研究结果[3, 5, 18]一致。从生物生态学的角度来看，由于不同风险因素之间具有较强的同现性，且个体发展往往对单一风险因素不太敏感，累积生态风险更准确地模拟了初中生所处生态环境，各风险因素共同作用直接或间接地影响初中生体育锻炼行为[4]。
综上所述，减少初中生所处环境中的生态风险因素有助于提高其体育锻炼水平，通过缓解生态系统内的累积风险(改善家庭锻炼氛围、增强学校联结与朋友支持)，有利于提升初中生的体育锻炼参与度，促进初中生健康发展。但由于本研究为横断面研究，故尚无法确定累积生态风险与健康危险行为的因果关系。
基金
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  • 河南省大学生创新创业训练计划项目(202210459160)；河南省科技攻关项目(222102310268)
文献
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2025年第46卷第4期
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doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2025107
  • 接收时间：2024-10-31
  • 首发时间：2026-11-06
  • 出版时间：2025-04-25
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  • 收稿日期：2024-10-31
  • 修回日期：2025-02-27
基金
河南省大学生创新创业训练计划项目(202210459160)；河南省科技攻关项目(222102310268)
作者信息
    1郑州大学公共卫生学院，河南 455001
    2中山大学公共卫生学院
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