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Article(id=1325501903580311689, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, issueId=1325501647736156411, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2025094, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1735056000000, receivedDateStr=2024-12-25, revisedDate=1739116800000, revisedDateStr=2025-02-10, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1793953880447, onlineDateStr=2026-11-06, pubDate=1742832000000, pubDateStr=2025-03-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1793953880447, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-11-06, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1793953880447, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1793953880447, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1325501647736156411, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, year='2025', volume='46', issue='3', pageStart='305', pageEnd='456', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1742832000000', pubDateStr='2025-03-25', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1793953819450, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1793953819450, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext=null, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=335, endPage=338, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1325501903777443978, articleId=1325501903580311689, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, language=EN, title=Cognition status quo of wild mushroom poisoning and its influencing factors among students in Guizhou Province, columnId=1259565859148804482, journalTitle=Chinese Journal of School Health, columnName=Health Education and Promotion, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

To assess the awareness and associated factors of wild mushroom poisoning among students in Guizhou Province, so as to provide a scientific foundation for wild mushroom poisoning prevention and control among students.

Methods

By a multi-stage stratified cluster random sampling method, 1 162 students from Guizhou Province were selected in May 2024. The questionnaire survey was administered to evaluate knowledge regarding wild mushroom poisoning. Data were analyzed employing the χ2 test and Logistic regression model.

Results

Among the nine questions assessing awareness of wild mushroom poisoning, only three had the awareness rate exceeding 70%. Binary Logistic regression analysis revealed that students who "actively learn about the prevention of wild mushroom poisoning" (OR=0.48, 95%CI=0.26-0.92) and "spread knowledge about wild mushroom poisoning to others" (OR=0.47, 95%CI=0.33-0.69) scored higher on the wild mushroom poisoning knowledge questions (P < 0.05). Conversely, students with a habit of consuming wild mushrooms (OR=1.52, 95%CI=1.15-2.02) scored lower (P < 0.05). 42.3% of the students suggested that scientific dissemination and publicity about wild mushrooms should be intensified.

Conclusions

The awareness rate of wild mushroom poisoning knowledge among students in Guizhou Province requires further attention. Comprehensive knowledge should be disseminated systematically through various channels to further improve students' awareness of the prevention and control of wild mushroom poisoning.

, authors=Qianqian ZHOU, Peipei ZUO, Jigui TIAN, Anzhong WU, Hua GUO, Shu ZHU*, authorsList=Qianqian ZHOU, Peipei ZUO, Jigui TIAN, Anzhong WU, Hua GUO, Shu ZHU, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Shu ZHU, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=Copyright ©2025 Chinese Journal of School Health. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1325501904054268043, articleId=1325501903580311689, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, language=CN, title=贵州省学生野生菌中毒认知现状及影响因素分析, columnId=1259565859903779205, journalTitle=中国学校卫生, columnName=健康教育与健康促进, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
目的

了解贵州省学生野生菌中毒认知水平并分析其影响因素，为开展学生野生菌中毒防控提供科学依据。

方法

2024年5月，采取分层整群随机抽样方法在贵州省共抽取1 162名学生作为研究对象，通过自编问卷进行野生菌中毒相关知识调查，采用χ2检验和Logistic回归模型对调查数据进行分析。

结果

贵州省学生野生菌中毒认知9道题目中，仅3题知晓率在70%以上。二元Logistic回归分析结果显示，“主动学习预防野生菌中毒知识”(OR=0.48，95%CI=0.26~0.92)、“向他人宣传野生菌中毒相关知识”(OR=0.47，95%CI=0.33~0.69)的学生野生菌中毒相关知识题目得分率更高，而有食用野生菌习惯(OR=1.52，95%CI=1.15~2.02)的学生得分更低(P值均＜0.05)。42.3%的学生认为应加强野生菌科普宣传。

结论

贵州省学生野生菌中毒知识知晓率有待提高。应多途径传播系统全面的预防野生菌中毒知识，进一步加强学生野生菌中毒防控意识。

, authors=周倩倩, 左佩佩, 田继贵, 吴安忠, 郭华, 朱姝*, authorsList=周倩倩, 左佩佩, 田继贵, 吴安忠, 郭华, 朱姝, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=朱姝, authorNote=

周倩倩(1997-)，女，贵州遵义人，硕士，主管技师，主要研究方向为食源性疾病

, correspAuthorsNote=
朱姝，E-mail：
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Single factor analysis of mushroom poisoning cognition level among students with different demographic characteristics in Guizhou Province

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
人口学指标选项人数低分组高分组χ2值P值
性别男540401(74.26)139(25.74)1.210.27
女622444(71.38)178(28.62)
民族汉族449317(70.60)132(29.40)7.140.21
苗族343266(77.55)77(22.45)
布依族13598(72.59)37(27.41)
侗族14195(67.38)46(32.62)
土家族2518(72.00)7(28.00)
其他民族6951(73.91)18(26.09)
文化程度大学及以上10375(72.82)28(27.18)3.840.43
高中或大专388294(75.77)94(24.23)
初中或中专482338(70.12)144(29.88)
小学及以下189138(73.02)51(26.98)
居住地市区8165(80.25)16(19.75)2.800.25
县城271192(70.85)79(29.15)
乡镇810588(72.59)222(27.41)
), ArticleFig(id=1325501906608599223, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, articleId=1325501903580311689, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

贵州省不同人口统计学特征学生野生菌中毒认知水平单因素分析

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
人口学指标选项人数低分组高分组χ2值P值
性别男540401(74.26)139(25.74)1.210.27
女622444(71.38)178(28.62)
民族汉族449317(70.60)132(29.40)7.140.21
苗族343266(77.55)77(22.45)
布依族13598(72.59)37(27.41)
侗族14195(67.38)46(32.62)
土家族2518(72.00)7(28.00)
其他民族6951(73.91)18(26.09)
文化程度大学及以上10375(72.82)28(27.18)3.840.43
高中或大专388294(75.77)94(24.23)
初中或中专482338(70.12)144(29.88)
小学及以下189138(73.02)51(26.98)
居住地市区8165(80.25)16(19.75)2.800.25
县城271192(70.85)79(29.15)
乡镇810588(72.59)222(27.41)
), ArticleFig(id=1325501906700873912, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, articleId=1325501903580311689, language=EN, label=Tab.2, caption=

Comparison of mushroom poisoning cognition level among students with different learning attitudes in Guizhou Province

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
态度选项人数低分组高分组χ2值P值
主动学习预防野生菌否8977(86.52)12(13.48)9.25＜0.01
中毒知识是1 073768(71.58)305(28.42)
注意野生菌中毒否200160(80.00)40(20.00)6.460.01
个人防护是962685(71.21)277(28.79)
向他人宣传野生菌否256215(83.98)41(16.02)21.00＜0.01
中毒相关知识是906630(69.54)276(30.46)
), ArticleFig(id=1325501906784759993, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, articleId=1325501903580311689, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

贵州省不同学习态度学生野生菌中毒认知水平比较

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
态度选项人数低分组高分组χ2值P值
主动学习预防野生菌否8977(86.52)12(13.48)9.25＜0.01
中毒知识是1 073768(71.58)305(28.42)
注意野生菌中毒否200160(80.00)40(20.00)6.460.01
个人防护是962685(71.21)277(28.79)
向他人宣传野生菌否256215(83.98)41(16.02)21.00＜0.01
中毒相关知识是906630(69.54)276(30.46)
), ArticleFig(id=1325501906843480250, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, articleId=1325501903580311689, language=EN, label=Tab.3, caption=

Comparison of mushroom poisoning cognition level among students with different behavioral characteristics in Guizhou Province

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
行为选项人数低分组高分组χ2值P值
是否有食用野生菌的否753527(69.99)226(30.01)8.05＜0.01
习惯是409318(77.75)91(22.25)
是否有采摘野生菌的否1 019734(72.03)285(27.97)1.980.16
习惯是143111(77.62)32(22.38)
是否在购买时会询问否991718(72.45)273(27.55)0.240.62
野生菌的种类是171127(74.27)44(25.73)
是否在加工野生菌时会否1 003729(72.68)274(27.32)0.010.94
进行筛选是159116(72.96)43(27.04)
是否在烹饪时采取脱毒否7461(82.43)13(17.57)3.760.05
或减毒措施是1 088784(72.06)304(27.94)
), ArticleFig(id=1325501906948337851, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, articleId=1325501903580311689, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

贵州省不同行为特征学生野生菌中毒认知水平比较

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
行为选项人数低分组高分组χ2值P值
是否有食用野生菌的否753527(69.99)226(30.01)8.05＜0.01
习惯是409318(77.75)91(22.25)
是否有采摘野生菌的否1 019734(72.03)285(27.97)1.980.16
习惯是143111(77.62)32(22.38)
是否在购买时会询问否991718(72.45)273(27.55)0.240.62
野生菌的种类是171127(74.27)44(25.73)
是否在加工野生菌时会否1 003729(72.68)274(27.32)0.010.94
进行筛选是159116(72.96)43(27.04)
是否在烹饪时采取脱毒否7461(82.43)13(17.57)3.760.05
或减毒措施是1 088784(72.06)304(27.94)
), ArticleFig(id=1325501907049001148, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, articleId=1325501903580311689, language=EN, label=Tab.4, caption=

Students with different demographic characteristics on the needs related to each link of mushroom poisoning incident

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
人口学指标选项人数野生菌科普宣传野生菌市场售卖对餐馆售卖野生菌的监管对违规售卖野生菌摊主的打击力度野生菌中毒病人救治政府对野生菌中毒病人救治费用报销χ2值P值
性别男540234(43.3)96(17.8)56(10.4)112(20.7)31(5.7)11(2.0)2.800.73
女622258(41.5)102(16.4)78(12.5)136(21.9)31(5.0)17(2.7)
民族汉族449192(42.8)76(16.9)43(9.6)100(22.3)29(6.5)9(2.0)25.540.43
苗族343133(38.8)59(17.2)42(12.2)83(24.2)16(4.7)10(2.9)
布依族13565(48.1)20(14.8)20(14.8)23(17.0)5(3.7)2(1.5)
侗族14154(38.3)27(19.1)19(13.5)28(19.9)8(5.7)5(3.5)
土家族2512(48.0)3(12.0)6(24.0)2(8.0)2(8.0)0
其他民族6936(52.2)13(18.8)4(5.8)12(17.4)2(2.9)2(2.9)
文化程度大学及以上10342(40.8)23(22.3)12(11.7)15(14.6)8(7.8)3(2.9)20.200.17
高中或大专388174(44.8)68(17.5)41(10.6)82(21.1)15(3.9)8(2.1)
初中或中专482211(43.8)67(13.9)59(12.2)110(22.8)23(4.8)12(2.5)
小学及以下18965(34.4)40(21.2)22(11.6)41(21.7)16(8.5)5(2.6)
居住地市区8132(39.5)24(29.6)6(7.4)11(13.6)5(6.2)3(3.7)15.080.13
县城271124(45.8)43(15.9)33(12.2)53(19.6)13(4.8)5(1.8)
乡镇810336(41.5)131(16.2)95(11.7)184(22.7)44(5.4)20(2.5)
), ArticleFig(id=1325501907107721405, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, articleId=1325501903580311689, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

不同人口学特征学生野生菌中毒事件各环节相关需求分布比较

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
人口学指标选项人数野生菌科普宣传野生菌市场售卖对餐馆售卖野生菌的监管对违规售卖野生菌摊主的打击力度野生菌中毒病人救治政府对野生菌中毒病人救治费用报销χ2值P值
性别男540234(43.3)96(17.8)56(10.4)112(20.7)31(5.7)11(2.0)2.800.73
女622258(41.5)102(16.4)78(12.5)136(21.9)31(5.0)17(2.7)
民族汉族449192(42.8)76(16.9)43(9.6)100(22.3)29(6.5)9(2.0)25.540.43
苗族343133(38.8)59(17.2)42(12.2)83(24.2)16(4.7)10(2.9)
布依族13565(48.1)20(14.8)20(14.8)23(17.0)5(3.7)2(1.5)
侗族14154(38.3)27(19.1)19(13.5)28(19.9)8(5.7)5(3.5)
土家族2512(48.0)3(12.0)6(24.0)2(8.0)2(8.0)0
其他民族6936(52.2)13(18.8)4(5.8)12(17.4)2(2.9)2(2.9)
文化程度大学及以上10342(40.8)23(22.3)12(11.7)15(14.6)8(7.8)3(2.9)20.200.17
高中或大专388174(44.8)68(17.5)41(10.6)82(21.1)15(3.9)8(2.1)
初中或中专482211(43.8)67(13.9)59(12.2)110(22.8)23(4.8)12(2.5)
小学及以下18965(34.4)40(21.2)22(11.6)41(21.7)16(8.5)5(2.6)
居住地市区8132(39.5)24(29.6)6(7.4)11(13.6)5(6.2)3(3.7)15.080.13
县城271124(45.8)43(15.9)33(12.2)53(19.6)13(4.8)5(1.8)
乡镇810336(41.5)131(16.2)95(11.7)184(22.7)44(5.4)20(2.5)
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贵州省学生野生菌中毒认知现状及影响因素分析
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周倩倩 , 左佩佩 , 田继贵 , 吴安忠 , 郭华 , 朱姝 *
中国学校卫生 | 健康教育与健康促进 2025,46(3): 335-338
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中国学校卫生 |健康教育与健康促进 2025 , 46 (3) : 335 -338
贵州省学生野生菌中毒认知现状及影响因素分析
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周倩倩(1997-)，女，贵州遵义人，硕士，主管技师，主要研究方向为食源性疾病

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周倩倩(1997-)，女，贵州遵义人，硕士，主管技师，主要研究方向为食源性疾病

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周倩倩, 左佩佩, 田继贵, 吴安忠, 郭华, 朱姝*
作者信息
  • 贵州省疾病预防控制中心公共卫生监测评价研究所，贵阳 550000
通讯作者:
朱姝，E-mail：
作者简介:

周倩倩(1997-)，女，贵州遵义人，硕士，主管技师，主要研究方向为食源性疾病

Cognition status quo of wild mushroom poisoning and its influencing factors among students in Guizhou Province
Qianqian ZHOU, Peipei ZUO, Jigui TIAN, Anzhong WU, Hua GUO, Shu ZHU*
Affiliations
  • Institute of Public Health Monitoring and Evaluation, Guizhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guizhou(550000), Guiyang Province, China
出版时间: 2025-03-25 doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2025094
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摘要
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目的

了解贵州省学生野生菌中毒认知水平并分析其影响因素，为开展学生野生菌中毒防控提供科学依据。

方法

2024年5月，采取分层整群随机抽样方法在贵州省共抽取1 162名学生作为研究对象，通过自编问卷进行野生菌中毒相关知识调查，采用χ2检验和Logistic回归模型对调查数据进行分析。

结果

贵州省学生野生菌中毒认知9道题目中，仅3题知晓率在70%以上。二元Logistic回归分析结果显示，“主动学习预防野生菌中毒知识”(OR=0.48，95%CI=0.26~0.92)、“向他人宣传野生菌中毒相关知识”(OR=0.47，95%CI=0.33~0.69)的学生野生菌中毒相关知识题目得分率更高，而有食用野生菌习惯(OR=1.52，95%CI=1.15~2.02)的学生得分更低(P值均＜0.05)。42.3%的学生认为应加强野生菌科普宣传。

结论

贵州省学生野生菌中毒知识知晓率有待提高。应多途径传播系统全面的预防野生菌中毒知识，进一步加强学生野生菌中毒防控意识。

食物中毒  /  认知  /  回归分析  /  学生
Objective

To assess the awareness and associated factors of wild mushroom poisoning among students in Guizhou Province, so as to provide a scientific foundation for wild mushroom poisoning prevention and control among students.

Methods

By a multi-stage stratified cluster random sampling method, 1 162 students from Guizhou Province were selected in May 2024. The questionnaire survey was administered to evaluate knowledge regarding wild mushroom poisoning. Data were analyzed employing the χ2 test and Logistic regression model.

Results

Among the nine questions assessing awareness of wild mushroom poisoning, only three had the awareness rate exceeding 70%. Binary Logistic regression analysis revealed that students who "actively learn about the prevention of wild mushroom poisoning" (OR=0.48, 95%CI=0.26-0.92) and "spread knowledge about wild mushroom poisoning to others" (OR=0.47, 95%CI=0.33-0.69) scored higher on the wild mushroom poisoning knowledge questions (P < 0.05). Conversely, students with a habit of consuming wild mushrooms (OR=1.52, 95%CI=1.15-2.02) scored lower (P < 0.05). 42.3% of the students suggested that scientific dissemination and publicity about wild mushrooms should be intensified.

Conclusions

The awareness rate of wild mushroom poisoning knowledge among students in Guizhou Province requires further attention. Comprehensive knowledge should be disseminated systematically through various channels to further improve students' awareness of the prevention and control of wild mushroom poisoning.

Food poisoning  /  Cognition  /  Regression analysis  /  Students
周倩倩, 左佩佩, 田继贵, 吴安忠, 郭华, 朱姝. 贵州省学生野生菌中毒认知现状及影响因素分析. 中国学校卫生, 2025 , 46 (3) : 335 -338 . DOI: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2025094
Qianqian ZHOU, Peipei ZUO, Jigui TIAN, Anzhong WU, Hua GUO, Shu ZHU. Cognition status quo of wild mushroom poisoning and its influencing factors among students in Guizhou Province[J]. Chinese Journal of School Health, 2025 , 46 (3) : 335 -338 . DOI: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2025094
正文
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我国已知有毒野生菌435种[1]，每年有毒野生菌中毒事件时有发生，国外也经常发生野生菌中毒事件[2-3]。据我国食源性疾病暴发监测系统统计，2010—2020年间共报告野生菌中毒事件10 036起，主要集中在西南地区[4]。其中，云南省2015—2020年共报告野生菌中毒事件3 428起[5]，湖南省2016—2022年共暴发毒蘑菇中毒事件1 685起[6]，野生菌中毒已成为不可忽视的公共卫生问题。贵州省属于亚热带季风气候，全年雨量充足、日照丰沛、温润潮湿，并且植被丰富，为野生菌生长提供了有利的条件；据报道，贵州省2016—2020年暴发野生菌中毒事件1 173起[7]，提示中国西南地区野生菌中毒问题需引起重视。肖智丽等[8]对湖南省居民毒蘑菇中毒认知现状及影响因素进行分析，极大推进了毒蘑菇中毒防控工作。而贵州省学生群体缺乏食品安全风险认知[9-10]，为此，本研究对贵州省学生开展野生菌中毒认知水平调查，为后续提出针对性建议和开展防控工作提供科学依据。
1　对象与方法
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1.1　对象
2024年5月按照分层整群随机抽样原则，根据贵州省毒蘑菇中毒事件报告水平将贵州省分为上、中、下三层，每层随机抽取1个城区和1个县作为调查点(新蒲新区、平坝区、花溪区、松桃县、兴仁县和开阳县)，每个县(区)各随机抽取2所学校(共12所学校)，每个年级随机抽取1个班的学生作为调查对象。在每次分层时均采用简单随机抽样方法进行抽样，确保样本代表性。通过样本量估算[11]最终确定调查人数为587人。纳入标准：(1)在校学生；(2)能自主阅读并填写调查问卷；(3)经知情同意后自愿参加本次研究。调查共发放1 176份纸质问卷，回收有效问卷1 162份，有效率为98.81%。其中男生500名，女生662名；汉族学生449名，其他民族学生713名。年龄7~23岁。研究已通过贵州省疾病预防控制中心伦理委员会批准。
1.2　方法
参考文献[12-13]自行设计调查问卷(Kappa>0.74，Cronbach α系数为0.78)。问卷内容主要是对学生的基本情况、野生菌相关知识、食用野生菌态度及行为、预防野生菌中毒相关需求进行调查，共有47道题目。采用自填式问卷形式进行调查，由经统一培训的调查员对问卷以简单通俗的语言进行说明后填写。参照湖南省肖智丽等[8]的研究，知晓率=答题正确数/答题总数×100%；野生菌中毒相关知识共有9题，答对1题计1分，答错不计分，总分9分；总分≥7分为野生菌中毒认知水平高分组，＜7分为认知水平低分组。
1.3　质量控制
调查人员具有医学专业背景，调查前统一进行培训；纸质问卷是在课堂上经调查人员指导后统一发放、填写和回收，确保问卷回收率。
1.4　统计学分析
使用EpiData 4.6软件建立数据库双人录入，进行一致性检验，保证无误后采用SPSS 22.0软件进行统计学分析。计数资料用率或百分比(%)表示，采用χ 2检验进行单因素分析；多因素分析采用二元Logistic回归分析，检验水准α=0.05。
2　结果
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2.1　学生预防野生菌中毒相关知识知晓情况
野生菌中毒知识题目中，知晓率最高的为“野生菌和种植蘑菇，哪种更适合食用”“加工烹调野生杂菌能否混放、混煮”以及“野生菌应该如何清洗”，分别为79.86%(928/1 162)，75.04%(872/1 162)以及72.46%(842/1 162)；仅有13.60%(158/1 162)的学生知晓“野生菌的生长旺季”在5—10月份，25.30%(294/1 162)的学生知晓“野生菌清洗或加工烹调后废弃物如何处理”；29.95%(348/1 162)的学生知晓“剧毒类野生菌的典型特点”；能够区分有毒野生菌和可食用野生菌的学生有447名(38.47%)；知晓加工烹调野生菌时需要单独使用炊具或厨具的学生有661名(56.88%)；另有390名(33.56%)学生知晓高温烧煮野生菌不能完全去除毒蘑菇毒素。
2.2　不同人口学特征学生野生菌中毒认知水平单因素分析
野生菌中毒知识低分组845名(72.72%)，高分组317名(27.28%)。单因素分析结果显示，学生的性别、民族、文化程度和居住地组间野生菌中毒认知水平差异均无统计学意义(P值均>0.05)。见表1。
2.3　不同学习态度学生野生菌中毒认知水平比较
单因素分析结果显示，主动学习预防野生菌中毒知识、注意野生菌中毒个人防护、向他人宣传野生菌中毒相关知识与学生野生菌中毒认知水平均有关，组间差异均有统计学意义(P值均＜0.05)。见表2。
2.4　不同行为特征学生野生菌中毒认知水平比较
结果显示是否有食用野生菌的习惯与学生野生菌中毒认知水平有关，组间差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05)。见表3。
2.5　贵州省学生野生菌中毒认知水平多因素分析
以野生菌中毒知识得分为因变量(低分组=1，高分组=0)，将“主动学习预防野生菌中毒知识、注意野生菌中毒个人防护、向他人宣传野生菌中毒相关知识、是否有食用野生菌的习惯”4个单因素分析有统计学意义的变量(否=0，是=1)作为自变量进行二元Logistic回归分析。结果显示，“主动学习预防野生菌中毒知识”(OR=0.48，95%CI=0.26~0.92)、“向他人宣传野生菌中毒相关知识”(OR=0.47，95%CI=0.33~0.69)的学生野生菌中毒相关知识得分率更高，而有食用野生菌习惯(OR=1.52，95%CI=1.15~2.02)的学生得分更低(P值均＜0.05)。
2.6　贵州省学生野生菌中毒认知需求
在野生菌中毒事件最需要加强的环节中，有492名学生认为最应加强野生菌科普宣传，占比42.3%；其次有21.3%的学生认为最应加强对违规售卖野生菌摊主的打击力度。进一步将学生的性别、民族、文化程度和居住地与野生菌中毒事件最需要加强的环节相关需求进行单因素分析，结果显示组间差异均无统计学意义(P值均>0.05)。见表4。
3　讨论
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贵州省野生菌资源丰富，但是由于某些可食用的野生菌和有毒野生菌在外观上难以鉴别，极易造成中毒，所以贵州省野生菌中毒事件频发[14]。相比成人，学生缺乏食品安全风险意识，同时学生是野生菌中毒的易感人群，其认知水平直接影响家庭行为，可以通过学生群体间接辐射家庭和社区，形成“教育一个孩子，带动一个家庭”的干预效果。
本次调查学生中，对于9道野生菌中毒相关知识，仅有3题知晓率达到70%，与湖南省居民野生菌中毒相关知识知晓率[8]存在一定差距。调查结果显示仅有少部分学生知晓“野生菌的生长旺季”和“剧毒类野生菌的典型特点”，说明学生对于野生菌生长周期和剧毒野生菌典型特点的认知有待加强和完善。同时野生菌清洗或加工烹调后废弃物应该深埋或焚烧以及高温烧煮野生菌不能完全去除毒蘑菇毒素的知晓率较低，说明学生在处理和加工野生菌的环节上也存在一定误区，可能与学生一般不参与食物加工，对食物清洗处理等操作程序方面缺乏相关知识有关。
贵州省学生野生菌中毒认知水平二元Logistic回归分析显示，“主动学习预防野生菌中毒知识”“向他人宣传野生菌中毒相关知识”有助于学生野生菌中毒认知水平的提高，“有食用野生菌习惯”的学生野生菌中毒认知水平较低。提示积极的学习态度、宣传态度可以弥补学生知识方面的欠缺，而良好的行为方式在一定程度上能减少危害的发生，与张玲玲等[15]研究一致。同时本研究近一半的学生认为应加强野生菌科普宣传，因此学校可以针对“防控野生菌中毒”开设健康教育课程或者野外实践活动，充分利用展板、手册等形式向学生宣传相关知识，能够多途径传播系统全面的知识，培养学生主动学习意识，促成良好的行为方式，减少野生菌中毒概率。
有研究表明，贵州省野生菌中毒高发地区和场所是农村家庭，所以一方面加强农村地区野生菌中毒科普知识教育，提高其安全意识；另一方面可以从学生野生菌中毒知识健康教育入手带动家庭，降低家庭毒蘑菇中毒的发生率[16]。另外，市场监管应规范野生菌售卖市场，禁止未成年人随意购买或售卖野生菌；建议采用在市场附近张贴海报和发放折页等形式，宣传预防野生菌中毒知识，科普中毒后紧急救治措施，进一步加强学生野生菌中毒预防意识，维护学生安全。
本研究可能存在学生认知与行为的偏差，在问卷中表现出较高的理论认知；但实际采摘或食用行为容易受到家庭等因素影响，导致自我认知偏高。下一步研究可以将学生认知与家庭行为、学校和社区宣传机制结合分析，提升野生菌中毒防控的实效性。
基金
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  • 贵州省卫生健康委科技基金项目(gzwjkj2019-1-216)；贵州省疾控中心青年科学基金项目(2023-E-17)
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2025年第46卷第3期
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doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2025094
  • 接收时间：2024-12-25
  • 首发时间：2026-11-06
  • 出版时间：2025-03-25
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  • 收稿日期：2024-12-25
  • 修回日期：2025-02-10
基金
贵州省卫生健康委科技基金项目(gzwjkj2019-1-216)；贵州省疾控中心青年科学基金项目(2023-E-17)
作者信息
    贵州省疾病预防控制中心公共卫生监测评价研究所，贵阳 550000

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朱姝，E-mail：
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family		 属数
Number of
genus		 种数
Number of
species		 占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)		 属
Genus		 种数
Number of
species		 占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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