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Article(id=1325501881052693295, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, issueId=1325501647736156411, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2025084, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1734796800000, receivedDateStr=2024-12-22, revisedDate=1740412800000, revisedDateStr=2025-02-25, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1793953875076, onlineDateStr=2026-11-06, pubDate=1742832000000, pubDateStr=2025-03-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1793953875076, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-11-06, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1793953875076, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1793953875076, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1325501647736156411, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, year='2025', volume='46', issue='3', pageStart='305', pageEnd='456', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1742832000000', pubDateStr='2025-03-25', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1793953819450, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1793953819450, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext=null, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=391, endPage=395, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1325501883070153520, articleId=1325501881052693295, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, language=EN, title=Association of latent profiles of mobile phone dependence and self-control with physical exercise among junior high school students, columnId=1259565855189418448, journalTitle=Chinese Journal of School Health, columnName=Mental Health, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

To explore the association of latent profiles of mobile phone dependence and self-control with physical exercise among junior high school students, so as to provide references for the prevention of mobile phone dependence and the improvement of self-control among junior high school students.

Methods

From April to May 2024, a stratified random cluster sampling method was used to select a total of 2 311 students from grade 7 to grade 9 in three public junior high schools in Xiangxi Autonomous Prefecture, Hunan Province. Latent profile analysis was conducted to identify the latent profiles of mobile phone dependence and self-control among junior high school students. Pearson correlation analysis was used to examine the correlation between mobile phone dependence and self-control, and Chi-square test was used to analyze the distribution differences of latent profiles of adolescents across different demographic characteristics. Multiple Logistic regression analysis was applied to explore the association between mobile phone dependence, self-control, and physical exercise.

Results

Four latent profiles of mobile phone dependence and self-control were identified: low dependence-moderate self-control group (n=885, 38.3%), moderate dependence-low self-control group (n=910, 39.4%), high dependence-no self-control group (n=232, 10.0%), and no dependence-high self-control group (n=284, 12.3%). Significant differences were observed in the distribution of latent profiles across gender, grade and only-child status (χ2=10.85, 35.72, 13.85, P < 0.05). Logistic regression analysis showed that, after controlling for demographic variables, compared with the low dependence-moderate self-control group, physical exercise was negatively associated with the moderate dependence-low self-control group (OR=0.79) and the high dependence-no self-control group (OR=0.81), while positively associated with the no dependence-high self-control group (OR=1.58) (P < 0.01).

Conclusions

The influence of physical exercise on junior high school students' different potential profile types of mobile phone dependence and self-control is different. Schools and families should adopt targeted physical exercise interventions based on the characteristics of different profiles to promote the physical and mental health of junior high school students.

, authors=Chuqi YAN, Tiancheng ZHANG*, Fulan ZHANG, Aolun WANG, Jinyin PENG, Ziyi CHEN, Xiangyu LUO, authorsList=Chuqi YAN, Tiancheng ZHANG, Fulan ZHANG, Aolun WANG, Jinyin PENG, Ziyi CHEN, Xiangyu LUO, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Tiancheng ZHANG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=Copyright ©2025 Chinese Journal of School Health. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1325501884286501683, articleId=1325501881052693295, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, language=CN, title=初中生手机依赖和自我控制潜在类别与体育锻炼的关系, columnId=1259565858817491410, journalTitle=中国学校卫生, columnName=心理卫生, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
目的

探讨初中生手机依赖和自我控制的潜在类别与体育锻炼的关联，为预防初中生手机依赖和提高自我控制水平提供参考。

方法

于2024年4—5月，采用分层随机整群抽样法，选取湖南省湘西自治州3所公立中学初一至初三共计2 311名学生进行调查。采用潜在剖面分析初中生手机依赖与自我控制的类别，运用Pearson相关分析手机依赖与自我控制的相关性，χ2检验分析不同人口学特征青少年潜在剖面类别分布的差异，采用多元Logistic回归分析初中生手机依赖和自我控制与体育锻炼的关系。

结果

初中生手机依赖和自我控制的潜在剖面分为低依赖-中控制型(885名，38.3%)、中依赖-低控制型(910名，39.4%)、高依赖-无控制型(232名，10.0%)和无依赖-高控制型(284名，12.3%)4个类别；不同性别、年级、独生情况在不同类别上的分布差异均有统计学意义(χ2值分别为10.85，35.72，13.85，P值均 < 0.05)。Logistic回归分析结果显示，控制人口学变量后，以低依赖-中控制组为参照，体育锻炼与中依赖-低控制组(OR=0.79)、高依赖-无控制组(OR=0.81)均呈负相关，与无依赖-高控制组(OR=1.58)呈正相关(P值均 < 0.01)。

结论

体育锻炼对初中生不同手机依赖与自我控制的潜在剖面类别的影响存在差异。学校和家庭应针对不同类别初中生加强体育锻炼，促进身心健康发展。

, authors=颜楚琦, 张天成*, 张福兰, 王澳伦, 彭进银, 陈子逸, 罗湘豫, authorsList=颜楚琦, 张天成, 张福兰, 王澳伦, 彭进银, 陈子逸, 罗湘豫, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=张天成, authorNote=

颜楚琦(2001-)，男，湖南湘西人，在读硕士，主要研究方向为青少年体质与健康促进

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张天成，E-mail:
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颜楚琦(2001-)，男，湖南湘西人，在读硕士，主要研究方向为青少年体质与健康促进

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Analysis of correlation between mobile phone dependence and self-control scale scores among junior high school students(r, n=2 311)

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变量失控性戒断性逃避性低效性冲动控制健康习惯抵御诱惑专注工作
戒断性0.57
逃避性0.530.57
低效性0.730.560.57
冲动控制-0.46-0.37-0.37-0.43
健康习惯0.50-0.34-0.33-0.480.57
抵御诱惑-0.50-0.32-0.32-0.480.480.51
专注工作-0.50-0.32-0.32-0.480.550.580.55
节制娱乐-0.52-0.41-0.35-0.460.640.590.470.49
), ArticleFig(id=1325501903131509615, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, articleId=1325501881052693295, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

初中生手机依赖与自我控制量表得分相关性分析(r值，n=2 311)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量失控性戒断性逃避性低效性冲动控制健康习惯抵御诱惑专注工作
戒断性0.57
逃避性0.530.57
低效性0.730.560.57
冲动控制-0.46-0.37-0.37-0.43
健康习惯0.50-0.34-0.33-0.480.57
抵御诱惑-0.50-0.32-0.32-0.480.480.51
专注工作-0.50-0.32-0.32-0.480.550.580.55
节制娱乐-0.52-0.41-0.35-0.460.640.590.470.49
), ArticleFig(id=1325501903639020402, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, articleId=1325501881052693295, language=EN, label=Tab.2, caption=

Potential profile model fitting indicators of mobile phone dependence and self-control

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
类别条目AIC值BIC值aBIC值Entropy值LMR值BLRT值类别概率
118113 602.07113 705.49113 648.30———1.00
228107 764.80107 925.67107 836.710.85000.45/0.56
338105 437.31105 655.64105 534.900.86< 0.0100.15/0.33/0.53
448104 355.61104 631.39104 478.890.86< 0.0100.12/0.10/0.39/0.38
558103 869.35104 202.59104 018.310.840.2600.13/0.09/0.15/0.25/0.39
), ArticleFig(id=1325501903987147635, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, articleId=1325501881052693295, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

初中生手机依赖与自我控制的潜在剖面模型拟合指标

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
类别条目AIC值BIC值aBIC值Entropy值LMR值BLRT值类别概率
118113 602.07113 705.49113 648.30———1.00
228107 764.80107 925.67107 836.710.85000.45/0.56
338105 437.31105 655.64105 534.900.86< 0.0100.15/0.33/0.53
448104 355.61104 631.39104 478.890.86< 0.0100.12/0.10/0.39/0.38
558103 869.35104 202.59104 018.310.840.2600.13/0.09/0.15/0.25/0.39
), ArticleFig(id=1325501904096199540, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, articleId=1325501881052693295, language=EN, label=Tab.3, caption=

Comparison of the status quo of potential categories of mobile phone dependence and self-control among middle school students in different demographic characteristics

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人口学指标选项人数低依赖-中控制中依赖-低控制高依赖-无控制无依赖-高控制χ2值P值
性别男1 162457(39.3)431(37.1)110(9.5)164(14.1)10.850.01
女1 149428(37.2)479(41.7)122(10.6)120(10.4)
年级初一807289(37.5)76(35.8)139(9.4)303(17.2)35.72< 0.01
初二774312(40.3)326(42.1)76(9.8)60(7.8)
初三730270(37.0)295(40.4)80(11.0)85(11.6)
独生子女是331108(32.6)156(47.1)38(11.5)29(8.8)13.85< 0.01
否1 980777(39.2)754(38.1)194(9.8)255(12.9)
), ArticleFig(id=1325501904805036917, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, articleId=1325501881052693295, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

不同人口学特征初中生手机依赖和自我控制的潜在类别分布比较

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
人口学指标选项人数低依赖-中控制中依赖-低控制高依赖-无控制无依赖-高控制χ2值P值
性别男1 162457(39.3)431(37.1)110(9.5)164(14.1)10.850.01
女1 149428(37.2)479(41.7)122(10.6)120(10.4)
年级初一807289(37.5)76(35.8)139(9.4)303(17.2)35.72< 0.01
初二774312(40.3)326(42.1)76(9.8)60(7.8)
初三730270(37.0)295(40.4)80(11.0)85(11.6)
独生子女是331108(32.6)156(47.1)38(11.5)29(8.8)13.85< 0.01
否1 980777(39.2)754(38.1)194(9.8)255(12.9)
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初中生手机依赖和自我控制潜在类别与体育锻炼的关系
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颜楚琦 , 张天成 * , 张福兰 , 王澳伦 , 彭进银 , 陈子逸 , 罗湘豫
中国学校卫生 | 心理卫生 2025,46(3): 391-395
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中国学校卫生 |心理卫生 2025 , 46 (3) : 391 -395
初中生手机依赖和自我控制潜在类别与体育锻炼的关系
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颜楚琦, 张天成* , 张福兰, 王澳伦, 彭进银, 陈子逸, 罗湘豫
作者信息
  • 吉首大学体育科学学院，湖南 416000
通讯作者:
张天成，E-mail:
作者简介:

颜楚琦(2001-)，男，湖南湘西人，在读硕士，主要研究方向为青少年体质与健康促进

Association of latent profiles of mobile phone dependence and self-control with physical exercise among junior high school students
Chuqi YAN, Tiancheng ZHANG* , Fulan ZHANG, Aolun WANG, Jinyin PENG, Ziyi CHEN, Xiangyu LUO
Affiliations
  • College of Sports Science, Jishou University, Jishou (416000), Hunan Province, China
出版时间: 2025-03-25 doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2025084
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摘要
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目的

探讨初中生手机依赖和自我控制的潜在类别与体育锻炼的关联，为预防初中生手机依赖和提高自我控制水平提供参考。

方法

于2024年4—5月，采用分层随机整群抽样法，选取湖南省湘西自治州3所公立中学初一至初三共计2 311名学生进行调查。采用潜在剖面分析初中生手机依赖与自我控制的类别，运用Pearson相关分析手机依赖与自我控制的相关性，χ2检验分析不同人口学特征青少年潜在剖面类别分布的差异，采用多元Logistic回归分析初中生手机依赖和自我控制与体育锻炼的关系。

结果

初中生手机依赖和自我控制的潜在剖面分为低依赖-中控制型(885名，38.3%)、中依赖-低控制型(910名，39.4%)、高依赖-无控制型(232名，10.0%)和无依赖-高控制型(284名，12.3%)4个类别；不同性别、年级、独生情况在不同类别上的分布差异均有统计学意义(χ2值分别为10.85，35.72，13.85，P值均 < 0.05)。Logistic回归分析结果显示，控制人口学变量后，以低依赖-中控制组为参照，体育锻炼与中依赖-低控制组(OR=0.79)、高依赖-无控制组(OR=0.81)均呈负相关，与无依赖-高控制组(OR=1.58)呈正相关(P值均 < 0.01)。

结论

体育锻炼对初中生不同手机依赖与自我控制的潜在剖面类别的影响存在差异。学校和家庭应针对不同类别初中生加强体育锻炼，促进身心健康发展。

便携式电话  /  行为，成瘾  /  自我  /  精神卫生  /  身体锻炼  /  回归分析  /  学生
Objective

To explore the association of latent profiles of mobile phone dependence and self-control with physical exercise among junior high school students, so as to provide references for the prevention of mobile phone dependence and the improvement of self-control among junior high school students.

Methods

From April to May 2024, a stratified random cluster sampling method was used to select a total of 2 311 students from grade 7 to grade 9 in three public junior high schools in Xiangxi Autonomous Prefecture, Hunan Province. Latent profile analysis was conducted to identify the latent profiles of mobile phone dependence and self-control among junior high school students. Pearson correlation analysis was used to examine the correlation between mobile phone dependence and self-control, and Chi-square test was used to analyze the distribution differences of latent profiles of adolescents across different demographic characteristics. Multiple Logistic regression analysis was applied to explore the association between mobile phone dependence, self-control, and physical exercise.

Results

Four latent profiles of mobile phone dependence and self-control were identified: low dependence-moderate self-control group (n=885, 38.3%), moderate dependence-low self-control group (n=910, 39.4%), high dependence-no self-control group (n=232, 10.0%), and no dependence-high self-control group (n=284, 12.3%). Significant differences were observed in the distribution of latent profiles across gender, grade and only-child status (χ2=10.85, 35.72, 13.85, P < 0.05). Logistic regression analysis showed that, after controlling for demographic variables, compared with the low dependence-moderate self-control group, physical exercise was negatively associated with the moderate dependence-low self-control group (OR=0.79) and the high dependence-no self-control group (OR=0.81), while positively associated with the no dependence-high self-control group (OR=1.58) (P < 0.01).

Conclusions

The influence of physical exercise on junior high school students' different potential profile types of mobile phone dependence and self-control is different. Schools and families should adopt targeted physical exercise interventions based on the characteristics of different profiles to promote the physical and mental health of junior high school students.

Cellular phone  /  Behavior, addictive  /  Ego  /  Mental health  /  Exercise movement techniques  /  Regression analysis  /  Students
颜楚琦, 张天成, 张福兰, 王澳伦, 彭进银, 陈子逸, 罗湘豫. 初中生手机依赖和自我控制潜在类别与体育锻炼的关系. 中国学校卫生, 2025 , 46 (3) : 391 -395 . DOI: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2025084
Chuqi YAN, Tiancheng ZHANG, Fulan ZHANG, Aolun WANG, Jinyin PENG, Ziyi CHEN, Xiangyu LUO. Association of latent profiles of mobile phone dependence and self-control with physical exercise among junior high school students[J]. Chinese Journal of School Health, 2025 , 46 (3) : 391 -395 . DOI: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2025084
正文
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手机依赖指个体因长期过度使用智能手机失去对使用行为的控制，产生强烈的渴求和依赖感，进而损害社会功能[1]。《中国互联网络发展状况统计报告》第53次数据显示，2023年12月我国互联网用户达10.92亿，其中手机上网比例为99.9%，青少年用户占比巨大[2]。自我控制是自我意识的重要组成部分，指个体调节自身行为以符合社会期望并实现个人价值的能力[3]。研究显示，手机依赖与自我控制具有特质共存的特点，并非简单叠加[4]。手机依赖与自我控制呈负相关[1, 3]，两者共存可能导致内心冲突，并影响个体的行为模式与身心健康。手机依赖者需要更多的自我控制资源以抵抗诱惑，而过度使用手机会损耗自我控制资源，导致自我控制资源匮乏，引发自我损耗，进而自我控制失败[5]。自我控制资源的消耗会导致个体在面对诱惑时更难保持自我控制，从而增加对手机的依赖[6]。
初中时期是青少年身心发展的关键期，对周围环境的敏感性较高，外界因素的作用可能对其一生的行为、健康、职业等发展产生深远影响[7]。研究表明，体育锻炼与手机依赖、自我控制间存在密切联系，且手机依赖与自我控制多个维度呈显著相关[3]。高体育锻炼能够调节青少年自我控制能力，高自我控制能预测体育锻炼和锻炼目标[8]。高手机依赖的青少年参与体育锻炼的动机较低，而体育锻炼被认为是缓解青少年手机依赖的重要保护因素[9]。本研究采用潜在剖面分析，探讨初中生手机依赖和自我控制之间的关系，以及体育锻炼在其中的作用，为预防初中生手机依赖和提高自我控制提供参考。
1　对象与方法
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1.1　对象
采用分层随机整群抽样法，于2024年4—5月根据年级分层，采用随机数字表法抽取湖南省湘西自治州3所中学初一至初三学生共计2 366名进行问卷调查，排除无效问卷55份，共获得有效问卷2 311份，有效回收率为97.6%。其中男生1 162名，女生1 149名；独生子女331名，非独生子女1 980名；初一年级学生807名，初二年级774名，初三年级730名。平均年龄(12.96±0.66)岁。所有调查对象均签署了知情同意书，本次调查通过了吉首大学医学伦理委员会审批(批号为：JSDX-2023-0034)。
1.2　研究工具
1.2.1　手机依赖指数量表(Mobile Phone Addiction Index, MPAI)
采用由Leung[10]编制的量表，该量表在我国青少年中具备良好的信、效度[11]。该量表共17个条目，包括失控性、戒断性、逃避性、低效性4个维度，采用Likert 5级计分法(1=从未~5=总是)，总分17~85分，得分越高代表手机依赖程度越严重，当被试对8个或更多条目做出肯定回答时(≥4分)，视为存在手机依赖行为[11-12]。本次调查量表各维度Cronbach α系数分别为0.90，0.92，0.81，0.86。
1.2.2　自我控制量表(Self-control Scale, SCS)
采用谭树华等[13]修订的量表，共19个条目，包含冲动控制、健康习惯、节制娱乐、专注工作、抵制诱惑5个维度，采用Likert 5级计分法(1=完全不符合~5=完全符合)，总分19~95分，得分越高代表自我控制能力越强，既往研究表明该量表用于评估青少年自我控制能力有较高的信、效度[14]。本次调查中量表各维度Cronbach α系数分别为0.76，0.82，0.85，0.77，0.81。
1.2.3　体育活动等级量表(Physical Activity Rating Scale-3，PARS-3)
采用梁德清[15]修订的量表，包含锻炼强度、锻炼频率和锻炼时间3个指标量表，共3个条目，采用Likert 5级计分法，体育活动量=运动强度×(运动时间-1)×运动频率；总分为0~100分，分数越高说明体育锻炼运动量越大。本次调查量表的Cronbach α系数为0.92。
1.3　质量控制
在调查前对发放问卷人员进行系统性培训，明确问卷的构成以及相关问题的答题方式；现场调查时统一进入班级在班主任配合下发放问卷；调查后的问卷内容采用双录入。全程为匿名调查，问卷当场发放，当场回收，剔除有缺失值或随意填写的无效问卷。
1.4　统计学分析
采用Mplus 8.3软件进行潜在剖面分析，最佳模型的确定通过以下指标进行综合判断：赤池信息准则(akaike information criterion，AIC)、贝叶斯信息准则(Bayesian information criterion，BIC)和样本量调整BIC(sample size-adjusted BIC，aBIC), 数值越低表示模型拟合越好；LMR检验和BLRT检验的P < 0.05提示当前模型显著优于上一个分类的模型[16]；Entropy值>0.80表明分类的精准度较高[17]。采用SPSS 26.0软件进行数据分析，计数资料以频数、百分比表示，组间比较用χ2检验；经正态性检验，手机依赖与自我控制得分均呈正态分布；采用Pearson相关分析手机依赖与自我控制的相关性，多元Logistic回归分析评估体育锻炼对不同手机依赖和自我控制潜在类型的影响。体育锻炼等级得分通过Z分数标准化，控制极端值的影响。检验水准α=0.05。
2　结果
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2.1　初中生手机依赖与自我控制相关性分析
调查发现手机依赖的学生506名，检出率为21.9%。相关性分析表明，手机依赖4个维度与自我控制5个维度得分均呈负相关(P值均 < 0.01)。见表1。
2.2　初中生手机依赖与自我控制潜在剖面分析
以MPAI的4个维度及SCS的5个维度得分均值作为指标进行潜在剖面分析，依次建立5个潜在剖面模型，进行模型拟合度分析。表2显示，AIC、BIC和aBIC值随着分类数目的增大而不断减小；LMR和BLRT 2个指标表明，2~4类模型拟合良好；在4类时Entropy值最大，故4个潜在类别(C1、C2、C3、C4)的分类模型为最优模型。每个类别中的初中生归属于每个类别的平均概率为91.2%~95.7%，表明4个类别的模型结果是可信的。
4个潜在类别的MPAI 4个维度以及SCS 5个维度上得分概率差别明显，表现出不同的特征。由图1可知，C1类别在1~4条目上的得分概率明显高于C2、C3，在6~9条目上得分概率明显低于C2、C3，约占全体被试的38.3%(885名)，将此类别命名为“低依赖-中控制型”。C2类别在1~4条目上的得分概率明显高于C1、C4，在6~9条目上得分概率明显低于C2、C3，约占全体被试的39.4%(910名)，将此类别命名为“中依赖-低控制型”。C3在1~4条目上的得分概率明显高于C1、C2、C4，在6~9条目上得分概率明显低于C1、C2、C4，约占全体被试的10.0%(232名)，将其命名为“高依赖-无控制型”。C4在1~4条目上的得分概率明显低于C1、C2、C3，在6~9条目上得分概率明显高于C1、C2、C3，约占全体被试的12.3%(284名)，根据其得分特征，将此类别命名为“无依赖-高控制型”。
2.3　不同人口学特征初中生手机依赖和自我控制潜在类别分布比较
不同性别、年级、是否独生子女初中生的手机依赖和自我控制潜在类别分布差异均有统计学意义(P值均 < 0.05)。见表3。
2.4　初中生手机依赖和自我控制的潜在类别与体育锻炼的关系
以MPAI-SCS的4个潜在类别为因变量，以体育锻炼为自变量，控制性别、年级、独生情况等人口学变量后，结果表明，与低依赖-中控制类别相比，体育锻炼与中依赖-低控制(OR=0.79，95%CI=0.71~0.87)、高依赖-无控制(OR=0.81，95%CI=0.69~0.95)均呈负相关(P值均 < 0.01)，表明体育锻炼运动量越低的个体更可能属于这2个类别。体育锻炼与无依赖-高控制类别呈正相关(OR=1.58，95%CI=1.37~1.82, P < 0.01)，表明体育锻炼运动量较高的个体更可能归属于该类别。
3　讨论
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本研究结果表明, 初中生手机依赖与自我控制可分为低依赖-中控制型、中依赖-低控制型、高依赖-无控制型、无依赖-高控制型4个类别，其中高依赖-无控制型占全体被试的10.0%，高于以往研究[18]，且分类结果也有所不同[19]。可能与本次研究同时考虑了2个变量，对潜在剖面划分更为详细有关。表明青少年群体自控能力较低，且健康习惯养成较差，与青春期的生理和心理变化紧密相关[20]。从神经生物学角度看，初中生大脑奖赏系统较为敏感，过度使用手机会导致系统敏感性降低，个体需增加使用时间以获得相同的愉悦感，从而产生失控性[21]。
手机依赖-自我控制潜在类别的性别差异有统计学意义，女生在高依赖-低控制和中依赖-低控制组中的比例高于男生。可能与女生步入青春期较早，通常会出现较大的心理变化[22]等因素有关。有研究表明，初中女生情绪波动较为频繁和明显，此时自我控制能力下降，易产生手机依赖[23]。初一年级无依赖-高控制组人数占比高于初二、初三，可能因为初一是学生从小学过渡到初中的阶段，学生通常处于较强的自我控制和规范的学习和生活状态，此时学校对学生的管理较为严格，学生的自我控制能力可能更强[24]。此外，初一学生通常尚未完全适应初中阶段更加丰富的社交活动和网络交流，因此手机依赖性较低。初二、初三学生面临较大学习压力，使用手机成为减压方式，且正处于自我认同的探索阶段，可能更倾向于通过手机表达身份，受到同伴影响较大[25]，这些因素导致手机依赖与自我控制能力低下。独生子女高依赖-无控制组与中依赖-低控制组比例高于非独生子女，可能因为独生子女通常获得家庭更多关注和物质资源(如手机)，从而导致其更易依赖手机[26]。此外，大多数独生子女容易感到孤独，缺乏兄弟姐妹共同成长的经历，倾向通过手机等设备填补空闲时间并寻求心理慰藉[27]。与非独生子女相比，独生子女可能更倾向于发展出自我中心的性格特质，削弱其自我调控能力[28]。
本研究结果表明，体育锻炼活动量较低的个体更易归类于中依赖-低控制和高依赖-无控制类别，体育锻炼活动量较高的个体更易归类于无依赖-高控制类别，表明体育锻炼在初中生自我控制和手机依赖的类别分布特征中具有一定的预测作用。体育锻炼运动量低的青少年较易表现为手机依赖程度较高且自我控制较低的行为模式[29]，可能与体育锻炼不足的青少年自我心理放松和自我调控能力较差等因素有关。而体育锻炼运动量高的个体更倾向于表现出较强的自我控制力和较低的手机依赖性，提示体育锻炼可能对青少年自我控制能力的提升具有积极影响[30]。该结果与已有研究一致[3, 29-30]，表明体育锻炼有助于提高个体的自控力，从而减少过度使用手机的情况。持续的体育锻炼有助于学生的身心健康，提升自信心[31]。因此，针对不同类别的初中生加强体育锻炼，可提升初中生自我控制能力并降低手机依赖风险，促进初中生身心健康发展。
本研究存在一定的局限性：(1)研究为横断面研究，不能揭示青少年手机依赖和自我控制潜在类别与体育锻炼的因果关系，未来可采取纵向追踪进行深入探讨；(2)调查对象仅为湖南省湘西州初中学生，研究结果可能存在地区差异，未来可扩大样本量和抽样范围。
基金
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  • 教育部人文社会科学研究规划基金项目(22YJA880086)；湖南省教育厅科学研究重点项目(24A0381)；吉首大学研究生科研创新项目(JGY24111)
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2025年第46卷第3期
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doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2025084
  • 接收时间：2024-12-22
  • 首发时间：2026-11-06
  • 出版时间：2025-03-25
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  • 收稿日期：2024-12-22
  • 修回日期：2025-02-25
基金
教育部人文社会科学研究规划基金项目(22YJA880086)；湖南省教育厅科学研究重点项目(24A0381)；吉首大学研究生科研创新项目(JGY24111)
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    吉首大学体育科学学院，湖南 416000

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