Article(id=1325501828804255917, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, issueId=1325501647736156411, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2025072, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1725206400000, receivedDateStr=2024-09-02, revisedDate=1736006400000, revisedDateStr=2025-01-05, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1793953862620, onlineDateStr=2026-11-06, pubDate=1742832000000, pubDateStr=2025-03-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1793953862620, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-11-06, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1793953862620, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1793953862620, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1325501647736156411, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, year='2025', volume='46', issue='3', pageStart='305', pageEnd='456', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1742832000000', pubDateStr='2025-03-25', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1793953819450, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1793953819450, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext=null, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=377, endPage=381, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1325501829861220526, articleId=1325501828804255917, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, language=EN, title=Relationship of positive and negative peer events with mental health problems among college students, columnId=1259565855189418448, journalTitle=Chinese Journal of School Health, columnName=Mental Health, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

To understand relationship of positive and negative peer events with mental health problems among college students, so as to provide a scientific basis for improving mental health level of college students.

Methods

A total of 1 640 freshmen to juniors were randomly selected from two universities in Anhui Province from October to November 2023 by a combination of convenience sampling and cluster random sampling method. The positive and negative peer events, self-perceived loneliness and stress levels, anxiety and depression symptoms of students were investigated by using the questionnaire star online. Group comparisons were conducted by using analysis of variance and Chi-square test, and multivariate binary Logistic regression and linear regression were used to analyze relationship of positive and negative peer events with mental health problems among college students.

Results

About 35.4% of college students reported that they experienced at least one type of negative peer events, and 91.3% reported that they experienced at least one type of positive peer events. After controlling for covariates, multivariate regression analysis found that experiencing 1, ≥2 types of negative peer events were positively correlated with loneliness scores of college students (β=1.36, 4.04), as well as an increased risk of anxiety symptoms (OR=2.24, 4.33) and depression symptoms (OR=2.19, 4.01); and experiencing ≥2 types of negative peer events was positively correlated with stress scores of college students (β=1.12)(P < 0.05). Experiencing 5-6 and 7 types of positive peer events were negatively correlated with loneliness scores of college students (β=-1.79, -2.44) and stress (β=-0.75, -1.12); and experiencing 7 types of positive peer events were associated with a lower risk of anxiety symptoms (OR=0.74) and depressive symptoms (OR=0.80) (P < 0.05). The number of negative peer events was positively correlated with loneliness scores (β=0.80) and stress scores(β=0.24), as well as the risk of anxiety symptoms (OR=1.30) and depressive symptoms (OR=1.27) among college students (P < 0.05). The number of positive peer events involved was negatively correlated with loneliness scores(β=-0.39) and stress scores(β=-0.19), as well as the risk of anxiety (OR=0.92) and depressive symptoms (OR=0.93) among college students (P < 0.05). The analysis of the moderating effect found that in different groups of positive peer events, reporting 1, ≥2 negative peer events were positively correlated with loneliness scores of college students (β=1.08-4.96), as well as an increased risk of anxiety symptoms (OR=1.79-6.20) and depression symptoms (OR=1.78-6.77) (P < 0.05); and β and OR coefficients were highest in the group reporting 0-4 types of positive peer events, followed by the group reporting 5-6 types of positive peer events, with lowest coefficients in the group reporting 7 types of positive peer events.

Conclusions

Negative peer events are positively correlated with psychological problems in college students, and positive peer events are negatively correlated with mental health problems. Positive peer events could alleviate the impact of negative peer events on mental health problems.

, authors=Xia YIN1, Yingying TONG2, Puyu SU*, 2, authorsList=Xia YIN, Yingying TONG, Puyu SU, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Puyu SU, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=Copyright ©2025 Chinese Journal of School Health. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1325501830565863599, articleId=1325501828804255917, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, language=CN, title=积极和消极同伴事件与大学生心理健康问题的关联, columnId=1259565858817491410, journalTitle=中国学校卫生, columnName=心理卫生, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
目的

了解积极和消极同伴事件与大学生心理健康问题的关联,为提高大学生心理健康水平提供科学依据。

方法

采用方便抽样和整群随机抽样相结合的方法,于2023年10—11月份在安徽省2所高校共抽取1 640名大一至大三年级学生,使用问卷星线上调查大学生的同伴积极和消极事件、自我感知孤独和压力水平、焦虑症状和抑郁症状。采用方差分析和χ2检验进行组间比较,采用多变量二分类Logistic回归和线性回归分析大学生同伴积极事件和消极事件与心理健康问题的关联。

结果

有35.4%的大学生报告曾经历过一种消极同伴事件,91.3%报告曾经历过一种积极同伴事件。控制协变量后,多因素回归分析发现,有1,≥2次消极同伴事件与大学生孤独得分均呈正相关(β值分别为1.36,4.04)、与焦虑症状(OR值分别为2.24,4.33)和抑郁症状(OR值分别为2.19,4.01)的风险增加均相关;经历≥2次消极同伴事件与大学生压力得分呈正相关(β=1.12);经历过5~6,7次积极同伴事件与大学生孤独得分(β值分别为-1.79,-2.44)、压力得分(β值分别为-0.75,-1.12)均呈负相关;经历过7次积极同伴事件与大学生焦虑症状和抑郁症状的风险降低均相关(OR值分别为0.74, 0.80)(P值均 < 0.05)。经历消极同伴事件数量与大学生孤独得分(β=0.80)、压力得分(β=0.24)、焦虑症状(OR=1.30)和抑郁症状(OR=1.27)的风险均呈正相关;经历积极同伴事件数量与孤独得分(β=-0.39)、压力得分(β=-0.19)、焦虑症状(OR=0.92)和抑郁症状(OR=0.93)的风险均呈负相关(P值均 < 0.05)。调节效应分析发现,在不同积极同伴事件数量分组中,报告1,≥2次消极同伴事件与大学生孤独得分均呈正相关(β=1.08~4.96)、与焦虑症状(OR=1.79~6.20)和抑郁症状(OR=1.78~6.77)的风险增加均相关(P值均 < 0.05);且相应β系数和OR值在0~4次积极同伴事件中最高,其次为报告5~6次积极同伴事件,在报告7次积极同伴事件组别中最低。

结论

消极同伴事件与大学生心理问题呈正相关,积极同伴事件与心理健康问题呈负相关,积极同伴事件能够缓解消极同伴事件对心理健康问题的影响。

, authors=殷霞1, 童莹莹2, 苏普玉*, 2, authorsList=殷霞, 童莹莹, 苏普玉, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=苏普玉, authorNote=

殷霞(1994-),女,安徽安庆人,硕士,讲师,主要研究方向为大学生心理健康促进

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苏普玉,E-mail:
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Influence of peer relationships on emotional self-help among college students in Xiamen[J]. J Qiqihar Med Univ, 2024, 45(3): 260-263. (in Chinese), articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1325501842595127531, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, articleId=1325501828804255917, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=16, rfOrder=20, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=FAUSTMANN TJ, KAMP D, RÄUBER S, et al. Social interaction, psychotic disorders and inflammation: a triangle of interest[J]. 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Trends Neurosci, 2019, 42(10): 740-752., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1325501835389313235, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, articleId=1325501828804255917, awardId=null, language=CN, fundingSource=国家自然科学基金项目(82173539), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1325501830905602224, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, articleId=1325501828804255917, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1325501830955933873, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, articleId=1325501828804255917, companyId=1325501830905602224, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1School of Foreign Languages, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei(230036), Anhui Province, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1325501830985294002, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, articleId=1325501828804255917, companyId=1325501830905602224, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1安徽农业大学外国语学院,合肥 230036)]), AuthorCompany(id=1325501831077568691, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, articleId=1325501828804255917, xref=2, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1325501831081762996, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, articleId=1325501828804255917, companyId=1325501831077568691, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2安徽医科大公共卫生学院儿少卫生与妇幼保健学系/出生人口健康教育部重点实验室/人口健康与优生安徽省重点实验室)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1325501834370097357, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, articleId=1325501828804255917, language=EN, label=Tab.1, caption=

Comparison of anxiety and depression symptom reporting rates among college students with different numbers of positive and negative peer events

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
事件选项/次人数统计值焦虑症状抑郁症状
消极同伴事件01 059264(24.9)285(26.9)
1312132(42.3)139(44.6)
≥2269162(60.2)164(61.0)
χ2值130.81120.84
P值< 0.01< 0.01
积极同伴事件0~4409162(39.6)169(41.3)
5~6731250(34.2)264(36.1)
7500146(29.2)155(31.0)
χ2值10.8810.46
P值< 0.01< 0.01
), ArticleFig(id=1325501834470760654, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, articleId=1325501828804255917, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

不同数量积极和消极同伴事件大学生焦虑抑郁症状报告率比较

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
事件选项/次人数统计值焦虑症状抑郁症状
消极同伴事件01 059264(24.9)285(26.9)
1312132(42.3)139(44.6)
≥2269162(60.2)164(61.0)
χ2值130.81120.84
P值< 0.01< 0.01
积极同伴事件0~4409162(39.6)169(41.3)
5~6731250(34.2)264(36.1)
7500146(29.2)155(31.0)
χ2值10.8810.46
P值< 0.01< 0.01
), ArticleFig(id=1325501834755973327, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, articleId=1325501828804255917, language=EN, label=Tab.2, caption=

Multivariate linear regression analysis of positive and negative peer events with mental health problems among college students(n=1 640)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
自变量选项/次线性回归[β值(95%CI)]Logistic回归[OR值(95%CI)]
孤独压力焦虑症状抑郁症状
消极同伴01.001.001.001.00
  事件11.36(0.85~1.88)**0.25(-0.03~0.54)2.24(1.71~2.94)**2.19(1.68~2.88)**
≥24.04(3.50~4.59)**1.12(0.82~1.42)**4.33(3.25~5.77)**4.01(3.01~5.35)**
积极同伴0~41.001.001.001.00
  事件5~6-1.79(-2.31~-1.28)**-0.75(-1.02~-0.48)**0.83(0.64~1.08)0.87(0.68~1.13)
7-2.44(-3.01~-1.88)**-1.12(-1.42~-0.82)**0.74(0.55~0.98)*0.80(0.61~0.98)*
), ArticleFig(id=1325501835087323344, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, articleId=1325501828804255917, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

大学生积极和消极同伴事件与心理健康问题多因素回归分析(n=1 640)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
自变量选项/次线性回归[β值(95%CI)]Logistic回归[OR值(95%CI)]
孤独压力焦虑症状抑郁症状
消极同伴01.001.001.001.00
  事件11.36(0.85~1.88)**0.25(-0.03~0.54)2.24(1.71~2.94)**2.19(1.68~2.88)**
≥24.04(3.50~4.59)**1.12(0.82~1.42)**4.33(3.25~5.77)**4.01(3.01~5.35)**
积极同伴0~41.001.001.001.00
  事件5~6-1.79(-2.31~-1.28)**-0.75(-1.02~-0.48)**0.83(0.64~1.08)0.87(0.68~1.13)
7-2.44(-3.01~-1.88)**-1.12(-1.42~-0.82)**0.74(0.55~0.98)*0.80(0.61~0.98)*
), ArticleFig(id=1325501835158626513, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, articleId=1325501828804255917, language=EN, label=Tab.3, caption=

Multivariate linear regression analysis of negative peer events with mental health problems among college students stratified by positive peer events(n=1 640)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
积极同伴事件/次消极同伴事件/次线性回归[β值(95%CI)]Logistic回归[OR值(95%CI)]
孤独压力焦虑症状抑郁症状
0~401.001.001.001.00
12.12(0.85~3.38)*0.67(-0.12~1.10)3.36(1.76~6.45)**4.17(2.07~7.97)**
≥24.96(3.70~6.02)**1.47(0.93~2.00)*6.20(3.30~11.64)**6.77(3.54~12.94)**
5~601.001.001.001.00
11.65(0.91~2.38)**0.53(0.10~0.95)*2.52(1.69~3.77)**2.26(1.50~3.34)**
≥24.11(3.26~4.95)**1.07(0.58~1.55)**4.64(2.94~7.32)**4.14(2.63~6.51)**
701.001.001.001.00
11.08(0.26~1.89)*0.03(-0.47~0.52)1.79(1.09~2.94)*1.78(1.10~2.90)*
≥23.87(2.99~4.74)**0.84(0.28~1.40)**3.63(2.15~6.11)**3.03(1.82~5.06)**
), ArticleFig(id=1325501835242512594, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, articleId=1325501828804255917, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

不同积极同伴事件数量分组中消极同伴事件与大学生心理健康问题多因素回归分析(n=1 640)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
积极同伴事件/次消极同伴事件/次线性回归[β值(95%CI)]Logistic回归[OR值(95%CI)]
孤独压力焦虑症状抑郁症状
0~401.001.001.001.00
12.12(0.85~3.38)*0.67(-0.12~1.10)3.36(1.76~6.45)**4.17(2.07~7.97)**
≥24.96(3.70~6.02)**1.47(0.93~2.00)*6.20(3.30~11.64)**6.77(3.54~12.94)**
5~601.001.001.001.00
11.65(0.91~2.38)**0.53(0.10~0.95)*2.52(1.69~3.77)**2.26(1.50~3.34)**
≥24.11(3.26~4.95)**1.07(0.58~1.55)**4.64(2.94~7.32)**4.14(2.63~6.51)**
701.001.001.001.00
11.08(0.26~1.89)*0.03(-0.47~0.52)1.79(1.09~2.94)*1.78(1.10~2.90)*
≥23.87(2.99~4.74)**0.84(0.28~1.40)**3.63(2.15~6.11)**3.03(1.82~5.06)**
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积极和消极同伴事件与大学生心理健康问题的关联
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殷霞 1 , 童莹莹 2 , 苏普玉 *, 2
中国学校卫生 | 心理卫生 2025,46(3): 377-381
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中国学校卫生 |心理卫生 2025 , 46 (3) : 377 -381
积极和消极同伴事件与大学生心理健康问题的关联
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殷霞1, 童莹莹2, 苏普玉*, 2
作者信息
  • 1安徽农业大学外国语学院,合肥 230036
  • 2安徽医科大公共卫生学院儿少卫生与妇幼保健学系/出生人口健康教育部重点实验室/人口健康与优生安徽省重点实验室
通讯作者:
苏普玉,E-mail:
作者简介:

殷霞(1994-),女,安徽安庆人,硕士,讲师,主要研究方向为大学生心理健康促进

Relationship of positive and negative peer events with mental health problems among college students
Xia YIN1, Yingying TONG2, Puyu SU*, 2
Affiliations
  • 1School of Foreign Languages, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei(230036), Anhui Province, China
出版时间: 2025-03-25 doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2025072
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目的

了解积极和消极同伴事件与大学生心理健康问题的关联,为提高大学生心理健康水平提供科学依据。

方法

采用方便抽样和整群随机抽样相结合的方法,于2023年10—11月份在安徽省2所高校共抽取1 640名大一至大三年级学生,使用问卷星线上调查大学生的同伴积极和消极事件、自我感知孤独和压力水平、焦虑症状和抑郁症状。采用方差分析和χ2检验进行组间比较,采用多变量二分类Logistic回归和线性回归分析大学生同伴积极事件和消极事件与心理健康问题的关联。

结果

有35.4%的大学生报告曾经历过一种消极同伴事件,91.3%报告曾经历过一种积极同伴事件。控制协变量后,多因素回归分析发现,有1,≥2次消极同伴事件与大学生孤独得分均呈正相关(β值分别为1.36,4.04)、与焦虑症状(OR值分别为2.24,4.33)和抑郁症状(OR值分别为2.19,4.01)的风险增加均相关;经历≥2次消极同伴事件与大学生压力得分呈正相关(β=1.12);经历过5~6,7次积极同伴事件与大学生孤独得分(β值分别为-1.79,-2.44)、压力得分(β值分别为-0.75,-1.12)均呈负相关;经历过7次积极同伴事件与大学生焦虑症状和抑郁症状的风险降低均相关(OR值分别为0.74, 0.80)(P值均 < 0.05)。经历消极同伴事件数量与大学生孤独得分(β=0.80)、压力得分(β=0.24)、焦虑症状(OR=1.30)和抑郁症状(OR=1.27)的风险均呈正相关;经历积极同伴事件数量与孤独得分(β=-0.39)、压力得分(β=-0.19)、焦虑症状(OR=0.92)和抑郁症状(OR=0.93)的风险均呈负相关(P值均 < 0.05)。调节效应分析发现,在不同积极同伴事件数量分组中,报告1,≥2次消极同伴事件与大学生孤独得分均呈正相关(β=1.08~4.96)、与焦虑症状(OR=1.79~6.20)和抑郁症状(OR=1.78~6.77)的风险增加均相关(P值均 < 0.05);且相应β系数和OR值在0~4次积极同伴事件中最高,其次为报告5~6次积极同伴事件,在报告7次积极同伴事件组别中最低。

结论

消极同伴事件与大学生心理问题呈正相关,积极同伴事件与心理健康问题呈负相关,积极同伴事件能够缓解消极同伴事件对心理健康问题的影响。

精神卫生  /  人际关系  /  回归分析  /  学生
Objective

To understand relationship of positive and negative peer events with mental health problems among college students, so as to provide a scientific basis for improving mental health level of college students.

Methods

A total of 1 640 freshmen to juniors were randomly selected from two universities in Anhui Province from October to November 2023 by a combination of convenience sampling and cluster random sampling method. The positive and negative peer events, self-perceived loneliness and stress levels, anxiety and depression symptoms of students were investigated by using the questionnaire star online. Group comparisons were conducted by using analysis of variance and Chi-square test, and multivariate binary Logistic regression and linear regression were used to analyze relationship of positive and negative peer events with mental health problems among college students.

Results

About 35.4% of college students reported that they experienced at least one type of negative peer events, and 91.3% reported that they experienced at least one type of positive peer events. After controlling for covariates, multivariate regression analysis found that experiencing 1, ≥2 types of negative peer events were positively correlated with loneliness scores of college students (β=1.36, 4.04), as well as an increased risk of anxiety symptoms (OR=2.24, 4.33) and depression symptoms (OR=2.19, 4.01); and experiencing ≥2 types of negative peer events was positively correlated with stress scores of college students (β=1.12)(P < 0.05). Experiencing 5-6 and 7 types of positive peer events were negatively correlated with loneliness scores of college students (β=-1.79, -2.44) and stress (β=-0.75, -1.12); and experiencing 7 types of positive peer events were associated with a lower risk of anxiety symptoms (OR=0.74) and depressive symptoms (OR=0.80) (P < 0.05). The number of negative peer events was positively correlated with loneliness scores (β=0.80) and stress scores(β=0.24), as well as the risk of anxiety symptoms (OR=1.30) and depressive symptoms (OR=1.27) among college students (P < 0.05). The number of positive peer events involved was negatively correlated with loneliness scores(β=-0.39) and stress scores(β=-0.19), as well as the risk of anxiety (OR=0.92) and depressive symptoms (OR=0.93) among college students (P < 0.05). The analysis of the moderating effect found that in different groups of positive peer events, reporting 1, ≥2 negative peer events were positively correlated with loneliness scores of college students (β=1.08-4.96), as well as an increased risk of anxiety symptoms (OR=1.79-6.20) and depression symptoms (OR=1.78-6.77) (P < 0.05); and β and OR coefficients were highest in the group reporting 0-4 types of positive peer events, followed by the group reporting 5-6 types of positive peer events, with lowest coefficients in the group reporting 7 types of positive peer events.

Conclusions

Negative peer events are positively correlated with psychological problems in college students, and positive peer events are negatively correlated with mental health problems. Positive peer events could alleviate the impact of negative peer events on mental health problems.

Mental health  /  Interpersonal relations  /  Regression analysis  /  Students
殷霞, 童莹莹, 苏普玉. 积极和消极同伴事件与大学生心理健康问题的关联. 中国学校卫生, 2025 , 46 (3) : 377 -381 . DOI: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2025072
Xia YIN, Yingying TONG, Puyu SU. Relationship of positive and negative peer events with mental health problems among college students[J]. Chinese Journal of School Health, 2025 , 46 (3) : 377 -381 . DOI: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2025072
近年来,大学生的心理健康问题日益凸显。2022年的一项系统回顾表明,大学生焦虑症状和抑郁症状的患病率已分别上升至39.0% 和33.6%[1]。研究表明同伴关系和同伴间互动是青少年心理健康的重要影响因素[2-3]。问题行为理论认为,作为重要的外在社会环境,同伴互动对青少年心理健康和行为有显著的影响[4]。消极同伴事件是指能引起个人生理和行为方式变化,需要个体去适应或应对的同伴间发生的不良事件,是一种压力源;与之相对的积极同伴事件是指正面的,能够促进个体发展的同伴事件[5]。研究表明,消极的同伴事件如被同伴欺凌和拒绝与青少年心理健康问题有关,但积极事件与心理健康问题的关联有待进一步阐明[6-7]。本研究旨在探索大学生中积极和消极同伴事件与心理健康问题的关联,以及同伴积极事件能否调节消极事件与心理健康问题之间的关联,从而为促进大学生身心健康提供科学依据。
基于方便抽样原则,于2023年10—11月从芜湖和合肥各选取1所高校进行整群随机抽样,在每所大学采用抽签法选择2个学院,学院所有专业大一至大三年级学生均被邀请参加线上问卷调查。共回收问卷1 721份,剔除不合格问卷(作答时间过短和多个条目选择相同选项)81份,共获得有效问卷1 640份,有效应答率95.3%。其中男生519名(31.6%),女生1 121名(68.4%);平均年龄(19.61±1.36)岁。本研究通过安徽医科大学生物医学伦理委员会批准(批号:20210355),并取得参与学生的知情同意。
采用自编问卷调查性别、年级、户籍、独生子女、父母教育水平、家庭月收入、亲密朋友个数等社会人口统计学指标。
采用同伴事件量表调查大学生在过去1个月7种积极的同伴事件和7种消极的同伴事件的发生情况(0=无,1=是)[8]。(1)消极事件:和同伴吵架;被同伴骚扰或捉弄(当面或网上);同伴谈话时,把我排挤在外;同伴把我排除在他们的活动之外;无意中听到或被告知同伴在说你的坏话;被同伴忽视;同伴间互动让你感觉不舒服。(2)积极事件:和同伴一起出去玩;和同伴一起做有趣的活动;被同伴邀请参加聚会;同伴支持你;被同伴称赞;同伴间互动让你感觉良好;在社交媒体上得到了同龄人的积极关注(如点赞/评论)。计算积极同伴事件和消极同伴事件发生的数量。本研究中,该量表的Cronbach α系数为0.80。
采用压力感知问卷简版(Perceived Stress Scale-4, PSS-4)评估大学生感知到的压力水平[9]。共有4个条目,采用1(从来不会)~5(总是)5级评分,总分4~20分,分数越高表示感知到的压力程度越大。本研究中,该量表的Cronbach α系数为0.81。
使用UCLA孤独感量表简化版(UCLA Loneliness Scale-8, ULS-8)评估大学生的孤独水平[10],问卷包括6个正向“孤独”有关的条目和2个“非孤独”的反向条目,每个条目按照4级评分(1=从不,2=很少,3=有时,4=始终),总分为8~32分,分数越高表示孤独感越高。本研究中,该量表的Cronbach α系数为0.83。
使用7条目广泛性焦虑障碍量表(Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7,GAD-7)评估焦虑症状[11],调查过去2周中焦虑症状发生的频率(0=完全没有,1=好几天,2=超过1周,3=几乎每天)。每个条目按照0~3计分,总分范围0~21分,本研究将总分≥5界定为有焦虑症状。本研究中该量表的Cronbach α系数为0.94。
采用9条目患者健康问卷(Patient Health Ouestionnaire-9,PHQ-9)评估抑郁症状[12],调查过去2周中抑郁症状发生的频率(0=完全没有,1=有几天,2=一半以上的天数,3=几乎每天)。每个条目按照0~3计分,总分范围0~27分,本研究将PHQ-9总分≥5界定为有抑郁症状。本研究中,该问卷的Cronbach α系数为0.92。
问卷设计阶段:基于问卷星平台的数据校验和逻辑跳转功能优化流程,增设填写提示以减少逻辑错误;同步开展预试验(n=20),邀请低年级学生试填并修订表述歧义。数据采集阶段:实施IP地址唯一性限制,规避重复提交;设立质控组实时监控数据完整性(如异常填写速度、逻辑矛盾)。数据清洗阶段:剔除无效样本(填写时长 < 3 min、条目重复率>80%或逻辑冲突问卷),最终保留有效数据率>95%。
采用SPSS 27.0软件进行统计分析。经Kolmogorov-Smirnov检验正态性,压力总分和孤独总分均符合正态分布,采用(x±s)表示,组间比较采用方差分析;计数资料采用频数和构成比进行描述,组间比较采用χ2检验。采用多变量二分类Logistic回归和线性回归分析同伴积极事件和消极事件与4种心理健康问题的关联, 多变量分析控制的协变量包括性别、年级、户籍、独生子女、家庭经济、父母教育水平、亲密朋友个数,并以大学生是否存在抑郁症状(0=否,1=是)、焦虑症状(0=否,1=是)、孤独得分和压力得分为因变量,以消极同伴事件和积极同伴事件次数为自变量进行分析;将同伴积极事件分为0~4,5~6和7次3组,将消极同伴事件分为0,1,≥2次3组,以确保有足够的统计效能;将积极和消极同伴事件分别单独放入调整协变量的回归模型,评估其与心理健康的关联。为探索积极和消极同伴事件与心理健康的剂量反应关系,将积极和消极事件数量作为连续变量分别纳入模型,分析大学生积极和消极同伴事件交互效应与心理健康问题的关联。为检验积极同伴事件对消极同伴事件与心理健康关联的潜在调节作用,按照积极同伴事件分组,在各组中采用多变量二分类Logistic回归和线性回归分析消极同伴事件与4种心理健康问题的关联。检验水准α=0.05。
有35.4%(581名)的大学生报告曾经历过1种消极同伴事件,其中“同伴间互动让你感觉不舒服”的报告率最高,为20.0%(328名);“被同伴骚扰或捉弄(当面或网上)”的报告率最低,为6.2%(102名)。有91.3%(1 497名)的大学生报告曾经历过1种积极同伴事件,其中“被同伴称赞”的报告率最高,为85.0%(1 394名);“被同伴邀请参加聚会”的报告率最低,为49.1%(806名)。
35.9%(588名)的大学生报告有抑郁症状,34.0%(558名)报告有焦虑症状。经历过不同数量积极和消极同伴事件的大学生焦虑症状和抑郁症状报告率差异均有统计学意义(P值均 < 0.05)。见表1。
大学生孤独量表得分为(14.58±4.53)分,压力量表得分为(7.18±2.31)分。经历过0~4, 5~6,7次积极同伴事件的大学生孤独量表得分(16.49±4.87,14.39±4.27,13.28±4.07)和压力量表得分(7.97±2.06,7.12±2.29,6.60±2.36)差异均有统计学意义(F值分别为61.81, 42.12,P值均 < 0.05);经历过0, 1,≥2次消极同伴事件的大学生孤独量表得分(13.55±3.78,15.07±4.69,18.04±5.19)和压力量表得分(6.91±2.23,7.19±2.34,8.16±2.33)差异均有统计学意义(F值分别为83.47, 22.07,P值均 < 0.05)。
控制协变量后,多因素回归分析发现,有1,≥2次消极同伴事件与大学生孤独得分、焦虑症状和抑郁症状的风险增加均有关,经历≥2次消极同伴事件与压力得分呈正相关;经历过5~6和7次积极同伴事件与孤独得分、压力得分均呈负相关;经历过7次积极同伴事件与抑郁症状风险降低有关(P值均 < 0.05)。见表2。将积极和消极事件数量作为连续变量纳入模型,控制协变量后,消极同伴事件数量与孤独得分[β值(95%CI)=0.80(0.67~0.93)]、压力得分[β值(95%CI)=0.24(0.17~0.31)]、焦虑症状[OR值(95%CI)=1.30(1.22~1.40)]和抑郁症状[OR值(95%CI)=1.27(1.18~1.36)]的风险增加均呈正相关;积极同伴事件数量与孤独得分[β值(95%CI)=-0.39(-0.49~-0.29)]、压力得分[β值(95%CI)=-0.19(-0.24~-0.14)]、焦虑症状[OR值(95%CI)=0.92(0.88~0.97)]和抑郁症状的风险[OR值(95%CI)=0.93(0.89~0.98)]均呈负相关(P值均 < 0.05)。
在控制协变量后,多因素线性回归分析结果表明,同伴积极事件和消极事件交互项与大学生孤独呈负相关(β=-1.91,95%CI=-0.26~-0.13,P < 0.05),与大学生压力(β=-0.11,95%CI=-0.05~0.03)、焦虑症状(OR=1.02, 95%CI=0.96~1.08)和抑郁症状(OR=1.04, 95%CI=0.98~1.10)之间相关性均无统计学意义(P值均>0.05)。在不同积极同伴事件分组中,报告1,≥2次消极同伴事件与孤独得分、焦虑症状和抑郁症状的风险增加均有关(P值均 < 0.05),且相应β系数和OR值在0~4次积极同伴事件中最高,其次为报告5~6次积极同伴事件,报告7次积极同伴事件组最低。在不同积极同伴事件分组中,报告≥2次消极同伴事件均与压力得分的风险增加均有关(P值均 < 0.05),且相应β系数和OR值在0~4次积极同伴事件中最高,其次为报告5~6次积极同伴事件,报告7次积极同伴事件组最低。见表3
大学生处于成年早期阶段,同伴互动是大学生日常人际关系中最重要的一种形式[13]。本次调查显示,有35.4%的大学生报告曾经历过一种消极同伴事件,其中“同伴间互动让你感觉不舒服”的报告率最高(20.0%),“被同伴骚扰或捉弄(当面或网上)”的报告率最低(6.2%);有91.3%的大学生报告曾经历过至少一种积极同伴事件,其中“被同伴称赞”的报告率最高(85.0%)。提示目前大学生同伴间的互动以积极方式为主,但消极事件也广泛存在,需要引起关注。
本研究发现,大学生经历消极同伴事件与压力水平、孤独水平、焦虑症状和抑郁症状的风险增加均有关,且呈现出一定的剂量反应关系。既往研究报道同伴欺凌和同伴冲突与青少年抑郁的风险增加密切相关[6-7],支持本文研究结果。有研究发现,同伴关系欺凌与对奖励的迟钝的神经反应有关[14];不良的同伴互动会增加下丘脑-垂体-肾上腺轴的反应异常,增加体内的慢性炎症,进而增加焦虑、抑郁的风险[3],可能是消极同伴事件影响心理健康的神经生物学机制。
从发育心理病理学角度看,同伴之间的互动包括消极和积极的方面[3]。本研究发现,经历积极同伴事件数量与大学生孤独得分、压力得分、焦虑症状和抑郁症状的风险均呈负相关,并呈现剂量反应关系,支持积极同伴事件在促进心理健康中的作用。有研究显示,大学生同伴关系越好,自我效能感越高,情绪自救的可能性越大[15]。也有研究表明,良好同伴关系和同伴互动与较低的C反应蛋白和白介素-6水平有关,可能是其影响心理健康的潜在生物学机制之一[16]。本研究进一步分析发现,积极同伴事件能够缓解消极同伴事件对心理健康问题的影响,可能是积极的同伴事件意味着能够调动更多的人际资源,获得更多的社会支持,帮助平衡消极同伴事件对当前心理健康状况的影响。从应变稳态理论的角度分析,积极的同伴事件有助于帮助调节个体对同伴消极事件的生理和行为反应,增强适应和恢复能力,降低心理健康问题的发生风险[17],但背后具体的机制尚需进一步阐明。
本研究存在一定的局限性:首先,研究为一项横断面调查,证明因果关系的能力受到限制;其次,研究的数据是通过自我报告问卷获得的,回忆偏倚无法避免,研究对于同伴事件的测量未考虑发生频率和对个体的影响程度;最后,调查人群是安徽省2所大学大一至大三学生,必须谨慎地将研究结果推广到其他人群。
  • 国家自然科学基金项目(82173539)
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2025年第46卷第3期
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doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2025072
  • 接收时间:2024-09-02
  • 首发时间:2026-11-06
  • 出版时间:2025-03-25
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  • 收稿日期:2024-09-02
  • 修回日期:2025-01-05
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国家自然科学基金项目(82173539)
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    1安徽农业大学外国语学院,合肥 230036
    2安徽医科大公共卫生学院儿少卫生与妇幼保健学系/出生人口健康教育部重点实验室/人口健康与优生安徽省重点实验室

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