Article(id=1325500729170993474, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, issueId=1325500677975318675, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2025056, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1716480000000, receivedDateStr=2024-05-24, revisedDate=1721491200000, revisedDateStr=2024-07-21, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1793953600447, onlineDateStr=2026-11-06, pubDate=1740412800000, pubDateStr=2025-02-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1793953600447, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-11-06, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1793953600447, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1793953600447, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1325500677975318675, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, year='2025', volume='46', issue='2', pageStart='153', pageEnd='304', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1740412800000', pubDateStr='2025-02-25', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1793953588241, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1793953588241, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext=null, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=181, endPage=185, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1325500729665921347, articleId=1325500729170993474, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, language=EN, title=Correlation of sleep problems with emotional and behavioral problems among children with cerebral palsy, columnId=1325500683088167114, journalTitle=Chinese Journal of School Health, columnName=Column on Physical and Mental Health of Children with Disabilities, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

To investigate the correlation of emotional and behavioral problems with sleep problems in children with cerebral palsy, so as to provide reference for intervention of emotional and behavioral problems in children.

Methods

A cross-sectional survey was conducted, and 402 children aged 6-18 with cerebral palsy who were adopted by social welfare institutions in Guangzhou City from January 2023 to January 2024 were selected to investigate their full-time nurses. The Parents' Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) was used to assess the emotional and behavioral problems of children with cerebral palsy, and the Children's Sleep Habits Questionnaire (CSHQ) was used to assess sleep problems. Multiple linear regression analysis was used to analyze the correlation between the sleep problem of children with cerebral palsy and the emotional and behavioral problems.

Results

The prevalence of emotional and behavioral difficulties among children with cerebral palsy was 15.7%. The median sleep problem score of children with emotional and behavioral problems [37.0(36.0, 41.0)] was significantly higher than that of children without emotional and behavioral [35.0(34.0, 36.0)] (Z=-5.74, P < 0.01). The results of multiple linear regression analysis showed that after adjusting covariables such as age, gender, cerebral palsy classification, language retardation, visual impairment and epilepsy, the total sleep problem score of children with cerebral palsy was positively correlated with the total difficulty score (β=0.28, 95%CI=0.17-0.34, P < 0.05).

Conclusions

Sleep problems in children with cerebral palsy are associated with emotional and behavioral difficulties. Understanding of the management of sleep problems in children with cerebral palsy should be enhanced to reduce the incidence of emotional and behavioral problems in children with cerebral palsy.

, authors=Jiewen YANG1, Shaoyi HUANG2, Shan HUANG2, Haorong DENG1, Tao KANG3, Yajun CHEN*, 2, authorsList=Jiewen YANG, Shaoyi HUANG, Shan HUANG, Haorong DENG, Tao KANG, Yajun CHEN, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Yajun CHEN, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=Copyright ©2025 Chinese Journal of School Health. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1325500731138122053, articleId=1325500729170993474, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, language=CN, title=脑性瘫痪儿童睡眠问题与情绪行为问题的关联, columnId=1325500683864113356, journalTitle=中国学校卫生, columnName=残疾儿童身心健康状况专栏, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
目的

了解脑性瘫痪(简称脑瘫)儿童睡眠问题和情绪行为问题现况及两者的关联,为制定脑瘫儿童情绪行为问题相关干预措施提供参考。

方法

采用横断面调查的方法,选取2023年1月至2024年1月广州市社会福利院的402名6~18岁脑瘫儿童,对其专职护理人员进行调查。通过父母版长处和困难问卷(SDQ)评估脑瘫儿童情绪行为问题情况,通过儿童睡眠习惯问卷(CSHQ)评估脑瘫儿童睡眠问题情况。采用多重线性回归分析脑瘫儿童睡眠问题与情结行为问题的关联性。

结果

脑瘫儿童情绪行为问题检出率为15.7%。有情绪行为问题脑瘫儿童睡眠问题得分[37.0(36.0, 41.0)]高于无情绪行为问题者[35.0(34.0, 36.0)](Z=-5.74,P < 0.01)。多重线性回归分析结果显示,调整年龄、性别、脑瘫分型分级、语言发育迟缓情况、视力障碍情况、癫痫情况等协变量后,脑瘫儿童睡眠问题总分与困难总评分呈正相关(β=0.28,95%CI=0.17~0.34,P < 0.05)。

结论

脑瘫儿童睡眠问题与情绪行为问题呈正相关;应提高对脑瘫儿童睡眠问题管理的认识,以降低脑瘫儿童情绪行为问题的发生率。

, authors=杨杰文1, 黄绍逸2, 黄闪2, 邓浩荣1, 康涛3, 陈亚军*, 2, authorsList=杨杰文, 黄绍逸, 黄闪, 邓浩荣, 康涛, 陈亚军, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=陈亚军, authorNote=

杨杰文(1972-),男,广东广州人,博士,研究员,主要研究方向为儿童青少年健康教育

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陈亚军,E-mail:
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Comparison of sleep problem scores and dimensions scores among cerebral palsy children with or without emotional and behavioral problems[M(P25, P75)]

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
情绪行为问题人数睡眠问题总分就寝习惯不良入睡潜伏期延长睡眠持续时间不规律睡眠焦虑夜醒问题异态睡眠睡眠呼吸障碍白天嗜睡
无33935.0(34.0, 36.0)6.0(6.0, 6.0)1.0(1.0, 2.0)3.0(3.0, 3.0)4.0(4.0, 4.0)3.0(3.0, 4.0)7.0(7.0, 8.0)3.0(3.0, 3.0)8.0(8.0, 10.0)
有6337.0(36.0, 41.0)6.0(6.0, 7.0)2.0(1.0, 2.0)3.0(3.0, 3.0)4.0(4.0, 4.0)3.0(3.0, 4.0)8.0(7.0, 9.0)3.0(3.0, 3.0)9.0(8.0, 11.0)
Z值-5.74-5.58-4.06-3.41-2.69-1.78-4.51-2.42-2.23
P值< 0.01< 0.01< 0.01< 0.01< 0.010.08< 0.010.020.03
), ArticleFig(id=1325500748452209020, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, articleId=1325500729170993474, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

有无情绪行为问题脑瘫儿童的睡眠问题及各维度得分比较[M(P25, P75)]

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情绪行为问题人数睡眠问题总分就寝习惯不良入睡潜伏期延长睡眠持续时间不规律睡眠焦虑夜醒问题异态睡眠睡眠呼吸障碍白天嗜睡
无33935.0(34.0, 36.0)6.0(6.0, 6.0)1.0(1.0, 2.0)3.0(3.0, 3.0)4.0(4.0, 4.0)3.0(3.0, 4.0)7.0(7.0, 8.0)3.0(3.0, 3.0)8.0(8.0, 10.0)
有6337.0(36.0, 41.0)6.0(6.0, 7.0)2.0(1.0, 2.0)3.0(3.0, 3.0)4.0(4.0, 4.0)3.0(3.0, 4.0)8.0(7.0, 9.0)3.0(3.0, 3.0)9.0(8.0, 11.0)
Z值-5.74-5.58-4.06-3.41-2.69-1.78-4.51-2.42-2.23
P值< 0.01< 0.01< 0.01< 0.01< 0.010.08< 0.010.020.03
), ArticleFig(id=1325500748787753341, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, articleId=1325500729170993474, language=EN, label=Tab.2, caption=

Comparison of the detection rates of emotional and behavioral problems among children with cerebral palsy of different groups

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组别选项人数情绪行为问题χ2值P值
年龄/岁6~1221423(10.7)8.39< 0.01
13~1818840(21.3)
性别男24350(20.6)11.18< 0.01
女15913(8.2)
脑瘫分型痉挛型32347(14.6)15.10< 0.01
非痉挛型4515(33.3)
混合型341(2.9)
GMFCS分级轻度4221(50.0)41.82< 0.01
中重度36042(11.7)
语言发育迟缓是37749(13.0)29.63< 0.01
否2514(56.0)
视力障碍是172(11.8)0.010.92
否38561(15.8)
癫痫是8814(15.9)0.010.95
否31449(15.6)
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不同组别脑瘫儿童情绪行为问题检出率比较

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组别选项人数情绪行为问题χ2值P值
年龄/岁6~1221423(10.7)8.39< 0.01
13~1818840(21.3)
性别男24350(20.6)11.18< 0.01
女15913(8.2)
脑瘫分型痉挛型32347(14.6)15.10< 0.01
非痉挛型4515(33.3)
混合型341(2.9)
GMFCS分级轻度4221(50.0)41.82< 0.01
中重度36042(11.7)
语言发育迟缓是37749(13.0)29.63< 0.01
否2514(56.0)
视力障碍是172(11.8)0.010.92
否38561(15.8)
癫痫是8814(15.9)0.010.95
否31449(15.6)
), ArticleFig(id=1325500749672751487, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, articleId=1325500729170993474, language=EN, label=Tab.3, caption=

Multiple linear regression hierarchical analysis of correlation of sleep problems with emotional and behavioral problems in children with cerebral palsy

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自变量人数模型1模型2
β值(95%CI)P值β值(95%CI)P值
年龄/岁
  6~122140.23(0.08~0.29)< 0.010.21(0.07~0.26)< 0.01
  13~181880.39(0.26~0.52)< 0.010.30(0.16~0.43)< 0.01
性别
  男2430.37(0.21~0.41)< 0.010.28(0.14~0.34)< 0.01
   < 0.01女1590.27(0.13~0.47)< 0.010.28(0.16~0.47)< 0.01
脑瘫分型
  痉挛型3230.29(0.16~0.34)< 0.010.26(0.13~0.30)< 0.01
  非痉挛型450.42(0.16~0.78)< 0.010.29(-0.00~0.65)0.05
  混合型340.45(0.11~0.67)< 0.010.47(0.10~0.73)0.01
GMFCS分级
  轻度420.23(-0.10~0.61)0.150.26(-0.11~0.72)0.15
  中重度3600.32(0.18~0.34)< 0.010.34(0.20~0.35)< 0.01
语言发育迟缓
  是3770.37(0.24~0.41)< 0.010.30(0.18~0.34)< 0.01
  否250.15(-0.31~0.66)0.460.09(-0.43~0.63)0.69
视力障碍
  是170.44(-0.08~1.33)0.080.52(-0.19~1.66)0.11
  否3850.34(0.22~0.39)< 0.010.28(0.17~0.33)< 0.01
癫痫
  是880.38(0.14~0.45)< 0.010.31(0.09~0.38)< 0.01
  否3140.34(0.23~0.45)< 0.010.26(0.16~0.37)< 0.01
), ArticleFig(id=1325500750041850240, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, articleId=1325500729170993474, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

脑瘫儿童睡眠问题与情绪行为问题关联性的多重线性回归分层分析

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自变量人数模型1模型2
β值(95%CI)P值β值(95%CI)P值
年龄/岁
  6~122140.23(0.08~0.29)< 0.010.21(0.07~0.26)< 0.01
  13~181880.39(0.26~0.52)< 0.010.30(0.16~0.43)< 0.01
性别
  男2430.37(0.21~0.41)< 0.010.28(0.14~0.34)< 0.01
   < 0.01女1590.27(0.13~0.47)< 0.010.28(0.16~0.47)< 0.01
脑瘫分型
  痉挛型3230.29(0.16~0.34)< 0.010.26(0.13~0.30)< 0.01
  非痉挛型450.42(0.16~0.78)< 0.010.29(-0.00~0.65)0.05
  混合型340.45(0.11~0.67)< 0.010.47(0.10~0.73)0.01
GMFCS分级
  轻度420.23(-0.10~0.61)0.150.26(-0.11~0.72)0.15
  中重度3600.32(0.18~0.34)< 0.010.34(0.20~0.35)< 0.01
语言发育迟缓
  是3770.37(0.24~0.41)< 0.010.30(0.18~0.34)< 0.01
  否250.15(-0.31~0.66)0.460.09(-0.43~0.63)0.69
视力障碍
  是170.44(-0.08~1.33)0.080.52(-0.19~1.66)0.11
  否3850.34(0.22~0.39)< 0.010.28(0.17~0.33)< 0.01
癫痫
  是880.38(0.14~0.45)< 0.010.31(0.09~0.38)< 0.01
  否3140.34(0.23~0.45)< 0.010.26(0.16~0.37)< 0.01
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脑性瘫痪儿童睡眠问题与情绪行为问题的关联
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杨杰文 1 , 黄绍逸 2 , 黄闪 2 , 邓浩荣 1 , 康涛 3 , 陈亚军 *, 2
中国学校卫生 | 残疾儿童身心健康状况专栏 2025,46(2): 181-185
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中国学校卫生 |残疾儿童身心健康状况专栏 2025 , 46 (2) : 181 -185
脑性瘫痪儿童睡眠问题与情绪行为问题的关联
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杨杰文(1972-),男,广东广州人,博士,研究员,主要研究方向为儿童青少年健康教育

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杨杰文1, 黄绍逸2, 黄闪2, 邓浩荣1, 康涛3, 陈亚军*, 2
作者信息
  • 1广东省广州市社会福利院,510000
  • 2中山大学公共卫生学院妇幼卫生学系
  • 3广州航海学院体育学院
通讯作者:
陈亚军,E-mail:
作者简介:

杨杰文(1972-),男,广东广州人,博士,研究员,主要研究方向为儿童青少年健康教育

Correlation of sleep problems with emotional and behavioral problems among children with cerebral palsy
Jiewen YANG1, Shaoyi HUANG2, Shan HUANG2, Haorong DENG1, Tao KANG3, Yajun CHEN*, 2
Affiliations
  • 1Guangzhou Social Welfare Institute, Guangzhou (510000), Guangdong Province, China
出版时间: 2025-02-25 doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2025056
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目的

了解脑性瘫痪(简称脑瘫)儿童睡眠问题和情绪行为问题现况及两者的关联,为制定脑瘫儿童情绪行为问题相关干预措施提供参考。

方法

采用横断面调查的方法,选取2023年1月至2024年1月广州市社会福利院的402名6~18岁脑瘫儿童,对其专职护理人员进行调查。通过父母版长处和困难问卷(SDQ)评估脑瘫儿童情绪行为问题情况,通过儿童睡眠习惯问卷(CSHQ)评估脑瘫儿童睡眠问题情况。采用多重线性回归分析脑瘫儿童睡眠问题与情结行为问题的关联性。

结果

脑瘫儿童情绪行为问题检出率为15.7%。有情绪行为问题脑瘫儿童睡眠问题得分[37.0(36.0, 41.0)]高于无情绪行为问题者[35.0(34.0, 36.0)](Z=-5.74,P < 0.01)。多重线性回归分析结果显示,调整年龄、性别、脑瘫分型分级、语言发育迟缓情况、视力障碍情况、癫痫情况等协变量后,脑瘫儿童睡眠问题总分与困难总评分呈正相关(β=0.28,95%CI=0.17~0.34,P < 0.05)。

结论

脑瘫儿童睡眠问题与情绪行为问题呈正相关;应提高对脑瘫儿童睡眠问题管理的认识,以降低脑瘫儿童情绪行为问题的发生率。

睡眠  /  情绪  /  精神卫生  /  回归分析  /  儿童  /  脑性瘫痪
Objective

To investigate the correlation of emotional and behavioral problems with sleep problems in children with cerebral palsy, so as to provide reference for intervention of emotional and behavioral problems in children.

Methods

A cross-sectional survey was conducted, and 402 children aged 6-18 with cerebral palsy who were adopted by social welfare institutions in Guangzhou City from January 2023 to January 2024 were selected to investigate their full-time nurses. The Parents' Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) was used to assess the emotional and behavioral problems of children with cerebral palsy, and the Children's Sleep Habits Questionnaire (CSHQ) was used to assess sleep problems. Multiple linear regression analysis was used to analyze the correlation between the sleep problem of children with cerebral palsy and the emotional and behavioral problems.

Results

The prevalence of emotional and behavioral difficulties among children with cerebral palsy was 15.7%. The median sleep problem score of children with emotional and behavioral problems [37.0(36.0, 41.0)] was significantly higher than that of children without emotional and behavioral [35.0(34.0, 36.0)] (Z=-5.74, P < 0.01). The results of multiple linear regression analysis showed that after adjusting covariables such as age, gender, cerebral palsy classification, language retardation, visual impairment and epilepsy, the total sleep problem score of children with cerebral palsy was positively correlated with the total difficulty score (β=0.28, 95%CI=0.17-0.34, P < 0.05).

Conclusions

Sleep problems in children with cerebral palsy are associated with emotional and behavioral difficulties. Understanding of the management of sleep problems in children with cerebral palsy should be enhanced to reduce the incidence of emotional and behavioral problems in children with cerebral palsy.

Sleep  /  Emotions  /  Mental health  /  Regression analysis  /  Child  /  Cerebral palsy
杨杰文, 黄绍逸, 黄闪, 邓浩荣, 康涛, 陈亚军. 脑性瘫痪儿童睡眠问题与情绪行为问题的关联. 中国学校卫生, 2025 , 46 (2) : 181 -185 . DOI: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2025056
Jiewen YANG, Shaoyi HUANG, Shan HUANG, Haorong DENG, Tao KANG, Yajun CHEN. Correlation of sleep problems with emotional and behavioral problems among children with cerebral palsy[J]. Chinese Journal of School Health, 2025 , 46 (2) : 181 -185 . DOI: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2025056
脑性瘫痪,简称脑瘫,是一种永久性运动和姿势发展障碍[1],需要长期、甚至终生的康复治疗,由于治疗过程中的紧张、焦虑等负面情绪不能得到及时释放,脑瘫儿童更容易出现情绪行为问题[2-4]。一项Meta分析结果显示,每4名脑瘫儿童青少年中就有1名伴有情绪行为问题[5]。脑瘫儿童的睡眠问题也较正常儿童青少年更为常见[6-8],原因主要是脑瘫儿童的脑功能受损可能导致控制睡眠-觉醒昼夜节律的中枢神经功能紊乱,其睡眠障碍问题较正常儿童青少年更为严重[9]。而睡眠障碍可能与儿童青少年的抑郁、焦虑、自卑情绪和冒险行为有关[10]。因此,除康复治疗过程外,脑瘫儿童情绪行为问题的发生可能受其睡眠障碍的影响。本研究拟通过横断面研究探索广州市社会福利院内脑瘫儿童的情绪行为问题和睡眠问题现状,并分析两者之间的关联,为改善脑瘫儿童情绪行为问题提供理论依据。
选取2023年1月至2024年1月生活在广州市社会福利院,符合《中国脑性瘫痪康复指南(2022)》对脑瘫的定义、诊断及分型[11],年龄在6~18周岁的所有脑瘫儿童481名。对其专职护理人员进行问卷调查,剔除无效问卷后,最终有402名脑瘫儿童纳入分析。其中男童243名(60.4%),女童159名(39.6%);平均年龄(12.31±2.89)岁。所有护理员均已签署知情同意书,本研究已通过广州市社会福利院康复医院医学伦理审查委员会审查(项目编号:20240515ZN00009764)。
通过查阅广州市儿童福利院病案系统导出脑瘫儿童的身份证标识号、性别、年龄,语言发育迟缓、视力障碍、癫痫共等情况。
专业康复医师根据《中国脑性瘫痪康复指南(2022)》[11],将脑瘫患儿分为7型。其中,痉挛型四肢瘫、痉挛型双瘫、痉挛型偏瘫为痉挛型,不随意运动型、共济失调型和Worster-Drought综合征为非痉挛型,而混合型具有两型以上特点。根据粗大运动功能分级系统(gross motorfinction classification, GMFCS)[12]对脑瘫患儿进行分级。GMFCS分级系统按不同年龄组将脑瘫儿童根据其运动功能从高至低分为5个级别(Ⅰ~Ⅴ级);其中Ⅰ~Ⅱ级定义为轻度脑瘫,Ⅲ~Ⅴ级定义为中重度脑瘫。
采用父母版长处和困难问卷[13](Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire, SDQ)评估脑瘫儿童情绪行为问题情况,问卷有较好的信、效度,Cronbach α系数为0.796。SDQ问卷由25个条目组成,分为困难部分(由情绪症状、品行问题、多动行为和同伴关系4个分量表组成)和长处部分(亲社会行为),用于评估情绪问题、同伴交往问题、品行问题、多动行为、亲社会行为5个因子情况。所有条目均按选项“不符合”“有点符合”“完全符合”进行3级评分,分别对应0~2分,其中第7,11,14,21,25条目代表亲社会行为分量表,进行反向计分。除了亲社会行为的得分越高越好外,其余4个因子的得分越高表明情绪或行为问题程度越严重。困难总分为亲社会行为以外的其他4个因子得分相加计算所得,得分为0~40分,得分越高表明情绪行为问题越严重。依据Du等[14]按照中国儿童制定的界值,将困难总分0~14分定义为“正常”,15~16分为“边缘值”,17~40分为“异常”。本研究将边缘值归类为“异常”。
采用儿童睡眠习惯问卷(Children's Sleep Habits Questionnaire, CSHQ)评估脑瘫儿童的睡眠问题[15],该问卷Cronbach α系数为0.730[16],具有较好的信、效度。CSHQ采用回顾性调查方法,由照顾人回忆最近1个月孩子的睡眠情况,以其中典型的1周为标准填写。CSHQ含有52题,其中计分题有33个,可以反映8个维度的睡眠问题,包括就寝习惯不良(6题)、入睡潜伏期延长(1题)、睡眠持续时间不规律(3题)、睡眠焦虑(4题)、夜醒问题(3题)、异态睡眠(7题)、睡眠呼吸障碍(3题)、白天嗜睡(8题),其中有2题为就寝习惯不良和睡眠焦虑共用记分题。条目采用3级评分,依据所描述睡眠有关行为的发生频率评为1~3分,得分为33~99分,分数越高说明儿童的睡眠问题越多。维度内各个问题得分相加为该维度得分,分数越高说明该睡眠问题越严重[17]。
调查前对问卷调查员、康复医师、护理员进行统一培训,确保参与调查的人员熟悉研究目的和内容、了解问卷规则及现场工作步骤。调查时由调查员再次向护理员介绍调查目的和问卷填写方式,由2名护理员共同讨论填写同一患儿问卷。调查后对不完整的数据进行补充,对不符合逻辑的问卷进行筛选剔除。
使用EpiData 3.1软件进行平行双录入,SPSS 26.0软件进行数据整理和统计分析。采用Kolmogorov-Smirnov法对计量资料进行正态性检验,年龄符合正态分布,采用(x±s)描述;脑瘫儿童年龄、总困难评分和睡眠问题得分均不符合正态分布,故采用M(P25, P75)进行描述;计数资料用例数和百分比表示。采用Mann-Whitney U检验或Kruskal-Wallis H检验比较组间差异,采用χ2检验对检出率进行比较,采用多重线性回归分析睡眠问题得分与情绪行为问题得分的关联性,并通过分层分析不同年龄、性别、分型、分级和多病情况下脑瘫儿童睡眠问题与情绪行为问题的关联。双侧检验水准为α=0.05。
有情绪行为问题脑瘫儿童睡眠问题得分为37.0(36.0, 41.0)分,高于无情绪行为问题患儿[35.0(34.0, 36.0)分](P < 0.05)。在睡眠问题的8个子维度中,有情绪行为问题脑瘫儿童的就寝习惯不良、入睡潜伏期延长、异态睡眠、白天嗜睡子维度得分均高于无情绪行为问题患儿(P值均 < 0.05);睡眠持续时间不规律、睡眠焦虑、睡眠呼吸障碍子维度中位数相同,但有情绪行为问题脑瘫患儿的3个子维度的平均秩(225.5,215.8,212.5)均高于无情绪行为问题患儿(197.0,198.9,199.5)(P值均 < 0.05)。见表1。
6~18岁脑瘫儿童困难总分为11.0(10.0, 13.0)分,情绪行为问题的总体检出率为15.7%(63名)。分层分析脑瘫儿童情绪行为问题检出率发现,其中13~18岁儿童高于6~12岁儿童,男童高于女童,非痉挛型儿童高于痉挛型和混合型,轻度脑瘫儿童高于中重度,无语言发育迟缓患儿高于伴语言发育迟缓患儿,差异均有统计学意义(P值均 < 0.05)。见表2。
以脑瘫儿童SDQ总困难评分为因变量,CSHQ得分为自变量进行多重线性回归分析,结果显示,在调整年龄、性别、脑瘫分型分级、语言发育迟缓情况、视力障碍情况、癫痫情况协变量后,脑瘫儿童睡眠问题与情绪行为问题呈正相关(β=0.28,95%CI=0.17~0.34,P < 0.01)。分层分析发现,两者在不同年龄组、性别和癫痫情况的脑瘫儿童中也均呈正相关(P值均 < 0.05)。见表3。
本研究中,6~18岁脑瘫儿童情绪行为问题检出率为15.7%。既往使用SDQ对脑瘫儿童情绪行为问题进行评估的研究中,总困难评分异常检出率差异较大,瑞士一项研究对39名脑瘫儿童的评估发现,其情绪行为问题异常检出率为59.5%[18];而另一项加拿大的横断面研究发现,76名脑瘫青少年的情绪行为异常率仅为27.6%[19]。
本研究评估的脑瘫儿童情绪行为问题异常检出率低于既往研究[18-19],其原因可能是既往研究中所选取的脑瘫儿童多为家庭式养育,由于活动受限或自卑等原因与同龄儿童青少年的交流机会更少;而福利院内集体养育的方式使脑瘫儿童有更多与同龄儿童青少年交流的机会,且因周围同龄儿童青少年均为残障儿童,减少了社交退缩行为,使其总体情绪行为问题异常检出率降低。此外,本研究在分层分析中还发现轻度和无语言发育迟缓的脑瘫儿童情绪行为问题检出率更高,其原因可能是相较于重度或有语言发育障碍的患儿,他们与正常同龄人之间的差异较小,一方面他们对完全恢复“正常”可能抱有期望,在渴望像正常儿童青少年一样时可能会感到失落和尴尬,从而产生不良情绪症状和孤立感[20];另一方面,福利院的集体养育模式可能无法像家庭式养育满足症状较轻患儿的个性化需求,从而产生焦虑或自卑感,进而发展为情绪行为问题。
本研究还发现,有情绪行为问题的脑瘫儿童CSHQ得分高于无情绪行为患儿。既往研究发现有睡眠问题的儿童青少年SDQ总困难得分高于无睡眠障碍者[21-22]。CSHQ的8个子维度分析反映,有情绪行为障碍脑瘫儿童睡眠问题主要表现在睡眠抵抗、睡眠启动延迟、睡眠质量不佳和白天嗜睡。
本研究还发现,脑瘫儿童CSHQ得分与总困难得分呈正相关,与既往在正常儿童青少年中的研究结果一致[21-24]。一项在德国3~13岁儿童中开展的横断面研究发现,CSHQ总分与SDQ总分及其子量表(情绪问题、行为问题、多动/注意力不集中、同伴关系问题)得分均呈正相关[23]。目前已有研究表明,经历睡眠剥夺的儿童青少年会表现出情绪、行为和认知障碍[25-26],且失眠和白天过度嗜睡会降低脑瘫儿童的生活质量,而生活质量低也与情绪、行为和社交功能受损有关[27]。在情绪行为问题与睡眠问题关联性的分层分析中,虽轻度和无语言发育迟缓的脑瘫儿童情绪行为问题检出率较高,但并未发现其与睡眠问题的关联。表明睡眠问题可能不是影响轻度脑瘫儿童情绪行为问题的主要原因。
本研究也存在一定的局限性:首先,由于福利院的集体养育模式,1名院内护理员就需要照顾多名脑瘫儿童,其对每名患儿的了解情况可能不够细致,通过护理员填写问卷评估其情绪行为问题和睡眠问题可能存在一定偏倚。另外,研究为横断面研究,无法对情绪行为问题和睡眠问题的因果关联进行推断,未来需要更精确评估方式的纵向研究探索脑瘫儿童情绪行为问题与睡眠问题的因果关联。
综上所述,对于轻度脑瘫儿童,一方面,护理员应多关注其情绪变化,情绪不良时心理医生及时对其进行引导,排解其不良情绪;另一方面,可在轻度脑瘫儿童中进一步推广模拟家庭养育模式[28],通过这种养育方式满足其个性化的情感需求,减少不良情绪的发生。对于中重度脑瘫儿童,应提高护理人员对睡眠问题管理的认识,减少气道阻塞、痉挛、癫痫发作、疼痛等脑瘫合并症以及抗惊厥、抗癫痫类药物可能对其睡眠的不良影响,以降低脑瘫儿童情绪行为问题的发生率。
  • 广州市“岭南英杰工程”第二梯队后备人才项目(穗人社函928号);教育部人文社会科学研究项目(19JD710025)
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doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2025056
  • 接收时间:2024-05-24
  • 首发时间:2026-11-06
  • 出版时间:2025-02-25
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  • 收稿日期:2024-05-24
  • 修回日期:2024-07-21
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广州市“岭南英杰工程”第二梯队后备人才项目(穗人社函928号);教育部人文社会科学研究项目(19JD710025)
作者信息
    1广东省广州市社会福利院,510000
    2中山大学公共卫生学院妇幼卫生学系
    3广州航海学院体育学院

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小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
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