Article(id=1325501811263668933, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, issueId=1325501647736156411, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2025051, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1723478400000, receivedDateStr=2024-08-13, revisedDate=1726070400000, revisedDateStr=2024-09-12, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1793953858438, onlineDateStr=2026-11-06, pubDate=1742832000000, pubDateStr=2025-03-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1793953858438, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-11-06, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1793953858438, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1793953858438, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1325501647736156411, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, year='2025', volume='46', issue='3', pageStart='305', pageEnd='456', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1742832000000', pubDateStr='2025-03-25', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1793953819450, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1793953819450, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext=null, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=443, endPage=446, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1325501812631012038, articleId=1325501811263668933, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, language=EN, title=Prevalence and related factors of screening myopia among students in special education schools in Tianjin, columnId=1325500884406379444, journalTitle=Chinese Journal of School Health, columnName=Disease Control, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

To understand the current situation and related factors of screening myopia among students in special education schools, so as to provide evidence for promoting the health level of this population.

Methods

From November 2021 to December 2023, a total of 281 students from 6 special education schools in 5 districts of Tianjin were selected by cluster random sampling method for computer optometry visual acuity examination for non-ciliary paralysis and questionnaire survey. Multiple Logistic regression was performed to analyze the influencing factors of screening myopia among special education students.

Results

The screening myopia detection rate among these special education students in Tianjin was 27.0%, and the screening myopia detection rates of students with autism, developmental delays, and intellectual disabilities were 22.4%, 12.5%, and 33.0%, respectively. The degree of myopia increased with age (χtrend2=22.65, P < 0.01). Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that age(10-13 years old: OR=5.40, 14-17 years old: OR=8.40, 18-23 years old: OR=6.02), accommodation(non-resident: OR=0.29), daily mobile phone usage ≥2 hours (OR=2.37), and daily computer/tablet usage ≥2 hours (OR=2.70) were the risk factors for screening myopia among special education students (P < 0.05).

Conclusions

The detection rate and degree of screening myopia increase with age in special education students. Prolonged screen time exposure is a primary risk factor for screening myopia in special education students. Effective myopia prevention and control strategies should be designed according to the characteristics of special education students.

, authors=Wei XI1, Hui HAN2, Wenjuan XIONG1, Yu HAN1, Hui WANG1, Xin ZHANG*, 1, authorsList=Wei XI, Hui HAN, Wenjuan XIONG, Yu HAN, Hui WANG, Xin ZHANG, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Xin ZHANG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=Copyright ©2025 Chinese Journal of School Health. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1325501822663787207, articleId=1325501811263668933, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, language=CN, title=天津市特殊教育学校学生筛查性近视现状及相关因素, columnId=1325500884628677558, journalTitle=中国学校卫生, columnName=疾病控制, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
目的

了解天津市特殊教育(以下简称“特教”)学校学生筛查性近视发生现状及相关因素,为提高特教学生健康水平提供依据。

方法

2021年11月至2023年12月,采用整群随机抽样方法从天津市5区6所特教学校抽取281名学生进行非睫状肌麻痹电脑验光视力检查和问卷调查,采用多因素Logistic回归分析特教学生筛查性近视相关因素。

结果

天津市特教学生筛查性近视检出率为27.0%,患孤独症、发育迟缓和智力障碍学生的筛查性近视检出率分别为22.4%,12.5%和33.0%。随年龄增长,近视程度增加(χ趋势2=22.65,P < 0.01)。多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示,年龄(10~13岁:OR=5.40,14~17岁:OR=8.40,18~23岁:OR=6.02)、住宿情况(走读:OR=0.29)、每日看手机≥2 h(OR=2.37)、每日看电脑和平板时长≥2 h(OR=2.70)与特教学生筛查性近视的发生相关(P值均 < 0.05)。

结论

特教学生筛查性近视检出率和近视程度均随年龄升高,长时间视屏是特教学生筛查性近视相关因素,应结合特教学生特点开展精准近视防控。

, authors=席薇1, 韩慧2, 熊文娟1, 韩钰1, 王慧1, 张欣*, 1, authorsList=席薇, 韩慧, 熊文娟, 韩钰, 王慧, 张欣, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=张欣, authorNote=

席薇(1970-),女,山西太原人,博士,讲师,主要研究方向为儿童少年身心健康

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张欣,E-mail:
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(in Chinese), articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1325501862115410685, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, articleId=1325501811263668933, awardId=null, language=CN, fundingSource=国家自然科学基金项目(82273655);天津市教委科研计划项目(2020KJ201), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1325501827751477960, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, articleId=1325501811263668933, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1325501828061856457, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, articleId=1325501811263668933, companyId=1325501827751477960, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin (300070), China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1325501828082827978, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, articleId=1325501811263668933, companyId=1325501827751477960, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1天津医科大学公共卫生学院, 天津 300070)]), AuthorCompany(id=1325501829785715404, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, articleId=1325501811263668933, xref=2, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1325501831052395213, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, articleId=1325501811263668933, companyId=1325501829785715404, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2蚌埠医科大学公共卫生学院)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1325501861293327097, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, articleId=1325501811263668933, language=EN, label=Tab.1, caption=

Univariate analysis of related factors of screening myopia among students in special education schools

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
影响因素选项人数近视人数χ2/H值P值
年龄/岁2~5555(9.1)28.26< 0.01
6~98815(17.0)
10~136121(34.4)
14~174822(45.8)
18~232913(44.8)
住宿情况住宿1911(57.9)9.83< 0.01
走读26265(24.8)
父亲文化程度大专及以上14128(19.9)7.420.02
高中、中专等5920(33.9)
初中及以下8128(34.6)
母亲文化程度大专及以上13928(20.1)8.230.02
高中、中专等5716(28.1)
初中及以下8532(37.6)
读写时是否歪头是9629(30.2)0.740.39
否18547(25.4)
眼睛与书本距离是否是10429(27.9)0.060.81
保持一尺否17747(26.6)
胸部与课桌距离是否是14740(27.2)< 0.010.95
为一拳否13436(26.9)
是否阳光直射下看书是7720(26.0)0.060.08
否20456(27.5)
睡觉时是否开夜灯是5313(24.5)0.210.65
否22863(27.6)
在暗环境或关灯后玩是8331(37.3)6.340.01
电子产品否19845(22.7)
每日读写时长/h< 110725(23.4)1.340.51
1~ < 29627(28.1)
≥27824(30.8)
每日看手机时长/h< 116335(21.5)12.24< 0.01
1~ < 26617(25.8)
≥25224(46.2)
每日看电脑和平板< 118841(21.8)11.33< 0.01
时长/h1~ < 26320(31.7)
≥23015(50.0)
每日看电视时长/h< 114638(26.0)0.220.89
1~ < 29125(27.5)
≥24413(29.5)
每日睡眠时长/h< 1016345(27.6)0.060.80
≥1011831(26.3)
每日户外活动< 19625(26.0)1.240.54
时长/h1~ < 210626(24.5)
≥27925(31.6)
), ArticleFig(id=1325501861607899898, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, articleId=1325501811263668933, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

特殊教育学校学生筛查性近视单因素分析

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
影响因素选项人数近视人数χ2/H值P值
年龄/岁2~5555(9.1)28.26< 0.01
6~98815(17.0)
10~136121(34.4)
14~174822(45.8)
18~232913(44.8)
住宿情况住宿1911(57.9)9.83< 0.01
走读26265(24.8)
父亲文化程度大专及以上14128(19.9)7.420.02
高中、中专等5920(33.9)
初中及以下8128(34.6)
母亲文化程度大专及以上13928(20.1)8.230.02
高中、中专等5716(28.1)
初中及以下8532(37.6)
读写时是否歪头是9629(30.2)0.740.39
否18547(25.4)
眼睛与书本距离是否是10429(27.9)0.060.81
保持一尺否17747(26.6)
胸部与课桌距离是否是14740(27.2)< 0.010.95
为一拳否13436(26.9)
是否阳光直射下看书是7720(26.0)0.060.08
否20456(27.5)
睡觉时是否开夜灯是5313(24.5)0.210.65
否22863(27.6)
在暗环境或关灯后玩是8331(37.3)6.340.01
电子产品否19845(22.7)
每日读写时长/h< 110725(23.4)1.340.51
1~ < 29627(28.1)
≥27824(30.8)
每日看手机时长/h< 116335(21.5)12.24< 0.01
1~ < 26617(25.8)
≥25224(46.2)
每日看电脑和平板< 118841(21.8)11.33< 0.01
时长/h1~ < 26320(31.7)
≥23015(50.0)
每日看电视时长/h< 114638(26.0)0.220.89
1~ < 29125(27.5)
≥24413(29.5)
每日睡眠时长/h< 1016345(27.6)0.060.80
≥1011831(26.3)
每日户外活动< 19625(26.0)1.240.54
时长/h1~ < 210626(24.5)
≥27925(31.6)
), ArticleFig(id=1325501861742117627, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, articleId=1325501811263668933, language=EN, label=Tab.2, caption=

Multivariate Logistic regression analysis of screening myopia among special education students in Tianjin(n=281)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
影响因素选项β值标准误Wald χ2值OR值(95%CI)P值
年龄/岁2~51.00
6~90.870.641.852.38(0.68~8.30)0.17
10~131.690.666.565.40(1.49~19.63)0.01
14~172.130.689.848.40(2.22~31.75)< 0.01
18~231.800.726.156.02(1.46~24.91)0.01
住宿情况住宿1.00
走读-1.260.633.980.29(0.08~0.98)0.05
每日看手机< 11.00
时长/h1~ < 20.030.410.001.03(0.46~2.30)0.95
≥20.860.424.242.37(1.04~5.39)0.04
每日看电脑和< 11.00
平板时长/h1~ < 20.090.390.051.09(0.51~2.32)0.82
≥20.930.474.422.70(1.07~6.81)0.04
), ArticleFig(id=1325501861813420796, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, articleId=1325501811263668933, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

天津市特教学生筛查性近视多因素Logistic回归分析(n=281)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
影响因素选项β值标准误Wald χ2值OR值(95%CI)P值
年龄/岁2~51.00
6~90.870.641.852.38(0.68~8.30)0.17
10~131.690.666.565.40(1.49~19.63)0.01
14~172.130.689.848.40(2.22~31.75)< 0.01
18~231.800.726.156.02(1.46~24.91)0.01
住宿情况住宿1.00
走读-1.260.633.980.29(0.08~0.98)0.05
每日看手机< 11.00
时长/h1~ < 20.030.410.001.03(0.46~2.30)0.95
≥20.860.424.242.37(1.04~5.39)0.04
每日看电脑和< 11.00
平板时长/h1~ < 20.090.390.051.09(0.51~2.32)0.82
≥20.930.474.422.70(1.07~6.81)0.04
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天津市特殊教育学校学生筛查性近视现状及相关因素
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席薇 1 , 韩慧 2 , 熊文娟 1 , 韩钰 1 , 王慧 1 , 张欣 *, 1
中国学校卫生 | 疾病控制 2025,46(3): 443-446
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中国学校卫生 |疾病控制 2025 , 46 (3) : 443 -446
天津市特殊教育学校学生筛查性近视现状及相关因素
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席薇1, 韩慧2, 熊文娟1, 韩钰1, 王慧1, 张欣*, 1
作者信息
  • 1天津医科大学公共卫生学院, 天津 300070
  • 2蚌埠医科大学公共卫生学院
通讯作者:
张欣,E-mail:
作者简介:

席薇(1970-),女,山西太原人,博士,讲师,主要研究方向为儿童少年身心健康

Prevalence and related factors of screening myopia among students in special education schools in Tianjin
Wei XI1, Hui HAN2, Wenjuan XIONG1, Yu HAN1, Hui WANG1, Xin ZHANG*, 1
Affiliations
  • 1School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin (300070), China
出版时间: 2025-03-25 doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2025051
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目的

了解天津市特殊教育(以下简称“特教”)学校学生筛查性近视发生现状及相关因素,为提高特教学生健康水平提供依据。

方法

2021年11月至2023年12月,采用整群随机抽样方法从天津市5区6所特教学校抽取281名学生进行非睫状肌麻痹电脑验光视力检查和问卷调查,采用多因素Logistic回归分析特教学生筛查性近视相关因素。

结果

天津市特教学生筛查性近视检出率为27.0%,患孤独症、发育迟缓和智力障碍学生的筛查性近视检出率分别为22.4%,12.5%和33.0%。随年龄增长,近视程度增加(χ趋势2=22.65,P < 0.01)。多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示,年龄(10~13岁:OR=5.40,14~17岁:OR=8.40,18~23岁:OR=6.02)、住宿情况(走读:OR=0.29)、每日看手机≥2 h(OR=2.37)、每日看电脑和平板时长≥2 h(OR=2.70)与特教学生筛查性近视的发生相关(P值均 < 0.05)。

结论

特教学生筛查性近视检出率和近视程度均随年龄升高,长时间视屏是特教学生筛查性近视相关因素,应结合特教学生特点开展精准近视防控。

近视  /  回归分析  /  学生  /  残疾人
Objective

To understand the current situation and related factors of screening myopia among students in special education schools, so as to provide evidence for promoting the health level of this population.

Methods

From November 2021 to December 2023, a total of 281 students from 6 special education schools in 5 districts of Tianjin were selected by cluster random sampling method for computer optometry visual acuity examination for non-ciliary paralysis and questionnaire survey. Multiple Logistic regression was performed to analyze the influencing factors of screening myopia among special education students.

Results

The screening myopia detection rate among these special education students in Tianjin was 27.0%, and the screening myopia detection rates of students with autism, developmental delays, and intellectual disabilities were 22.4%, 12.5%, and 33.0%, respectively. The degree of myopia increased with age (χtrend2=22.65, P < 0.01). Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that age(10-13 years old: OR=5.40, 14-17 years old: OR=8.40, 18-23 years old: OR=6.02), accommodation(non-resident: OR=0.29), daily mobile phone usage ≥2 hours (OR=2.37), and daily computer/tablet usage ≥2 hours (OR=2.70) were the risk factors for screening myopia among special education students (P < 0.05).

Conclusions

The detection rate and degree of screening myopia increase with age in special education students. Prolonged screen time exposure is a primary risk factor for screening myopia in special education students. Effective myopia prevention and control strategies should be designed according to the characteristics of special education students.

Myopia  /  Regression analysis  /  Students  /  Disabled persons
席薇, 韩慧, 熊文娟, 韩钰, 王慧, 张欣. 天津市特殊教育学校学生筛查性近视现状及相关因素. 中国学校卫生, 2025 , 46 (3) : 443 -446 . DOI: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2025051
Wei XI, Hui HAN, Wenjuan XIONG, Yu HAN, Hui WANG, Xin ZHANG. Prevalence and related factors of screening myopia among students in special education schools in Tianjin[J]. Chinese Journal of School Health, 2025 , 46 (3) : 443 -446 . DOI: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2025051
2014年我国教育部等七部门在《特殊教育提升计划(2014—2016年)》[1]中提出,“到2016年,全国基本普及残疾儿童少年义务教育”。2017年我国教育部和国家发展改革委发布的《第二期特殊教育提升计划(2017—2020年)》[2]中提出更高要求,即“残疾儿童少年义务教育入学率达到95%以上”。以上均反映出国家、社会高度重视残疾儿童教育、康复及残疾儿童能力的提升。因此迫切需要提升残疾儿童保健服务。研究表明,近距离工作与近视之间存在关联[3],近视程度与学业负担呈正相关[4],因此在特殊教育(以下简称“特教”)提升计划背景下,要做好残疾儿童少年的视力保护。特教学校是对残疾儿童、青少年实施义务教育的机构之一,本研究对天津市的部分特教学校学生视力进行调查,以分析特教学生的近视特点及其影响因素,为更好开展特教学校近视防控提供依据。
2021年11月至2023年12月,采用整群随机抽样方法,从天津市16个行政区中采用随机数字表法选取5个行政区,再选取5个行政区的区级公办特教学校的全体学生作为研究对象。排除患有系统性或眼科疾病学生(如弱视、斜视、白内障、盲等),及无法配合完成检查的学生,共281名特教学生参与调查。其中男生194名,女生87名;年龄2~23岁,平均年龄(10.15±4.94)岁。依据学生在正规医院专业诊断结果,被调查学生的主要疾病为孤独症143名,智力障碍88名,发育迟缓24名,其他疾病如注意缺陷多动障碍、脑瘫、多重残疾等26名。本研究已通过天津医科大学伦理审查委员会审查(伦理批准号:TMUhMEC2017020)。学生自愿参加并获取学生父母或法定监护人知情同意。
使用全自动电脑验光仪(RM-9600,上海天乐)进行非睫状肌麻痹视力检查。在眼睛调节放松状态下,对学生双眼进行连续3次测量,计算平均值,如果3次结果中有任意2个之间差值超过0.5 D,则重新检查。等效球镜度(spherical equivalent refraction, SE)=球镜度数+1/2柱镜度数。依据《儿童青少年近视防控适宜技术指南》[5],筛查性近视判定标准为SE≤-0.5 D,其中低度近视为-3.0 D < SE≤-0.5 D,中度近视为-6.0 D < SE≤-3.0 D,高度近视为SE≤-6.0 D。
通过查阅国内外近视影响因素相关文献[4, 6-9]自行设计问卷,并由专家组审定。问卷由学生家长填写,问卷回收率为100%。问卷内容包括学生人口学基本特征、家庭情况、学生用眼行为(读写时是否歪头、眼睛与书本距离是否保持一尺、胸部与课桌距离是否为一拳、是否阳光直射下看书、睡觉时是否开夜灯、在暗环境或关灯后玩电子产品)、用眼负荷(每日读写时长、每日看手机时长、每日看电脑和平板时长、每日看电视时长)、生活行为(每日睡眠时长、户外活动时长)等。
每天测量前对眼科检测设备进行校准,眼部检查由接受过培训的研究人员进行,调查问卷由专人发放并回收。
采用SPSS 26.0统计软件包,经Kolmogorov-Smirnov检验,符合正态分布计量资料以(x±s)描述,不符合正态分布以中位数和四分位数间距M(P25,P75)表示,分类资料应用百分率或构成比表示,组间比较采用χ2检验及Kruskal-Wallis H检验。有序分类与二分类变量关系采用趋势χ2检验。采用Logistic回归模型分析筛查性近视影响因素。统计检验均为双侧检验,检验水准α=0.05。
特教学生筛查性近视检出率为27.0%(76/281),男、女生分别为24.7%(48/194)和32.2%(28/87),差异无统计学意义(χ2=1.69,P>0.05)。患孤独症、发育迟缓、智力障碍及其他疾病学生的筛查性近视检出率分别为22.4%(32/143),12.5%(3/24),33.0%(29/88)和46.2%(12/26),差异有统计学意义(χ2=10.52,P < 0.05)。
不同年龄组学生筛查性近视检出率差异有统计学意义(H=28.26,P < 0.01),14~17岁组最高,为45.8%(22/48);2~5岁组最低,为9.1%(5/55)。在76名筛查性近视学生中,低度近视占81.6%(62/76)。经χ2趋势检验,随年龄增长近视程度增加(χ趋势2=22.65,P < 0.01)。
见表1。
单因素分析结果显示,住宿和走读生筛查性近视检出率差异有统计学意义(P < 0.05),住宿生高于走读生。经检验,父母文化程度越低,学生筛查性近视检出率越高(χ趋势2值分别为6.36,8.18,P值均 < 0.05)。见表1。
不同用眼行为学生筛查性近视检出率的结果显示,在暗环境或关灯后玩电子产品学生筛查性近视检出率较高,为37.3%。每日看手机时长≥2 h、每日看电脑和平板 < 1 h学生筛查性近视检出率较低(P值均 < 0.01)。见表1。
以是否筛查性近视(0=非近视,1=近视)为因变量,将单因素分析中有统计学意义的变量作为自变量进行多因素Logistic回归分析,结果显示,年龄(10~13,14~17和18~23岁)、走读、每日看手机≥2 h、每日看电脑和平板≥2 h是特教学生筛查性近视的相关因素(P值均 < 0.05),见表2。
2021年的统计数据显示,我国约3 805万人办理残疾人证,其中39.7%为小学文化程度,18.4%为文盲[10]。《“十四五”特殊教育发展提升行动计划》[11]提出加快推进特殊教育高质量发展的要求,提示应当做好特教学校学生常见病的防控工作。近视是全球重要的公共卫生问题,是学生常见病之一[12-15]。本次调查天津市特教学校中筛查性近视检出率为27.0%,虽然低于全国7~18岁学生的60.1%[13],但视觉功能的改变可能对儿童发展产生影响[16-17],Reynolds等[18]对267名孤独症谱系障碍和相关神经发育障碍的儿童屈光手术校正视力障碍,72%患儿的社会交往和ASD行为有所改善,因此良好视觉对残疾儿童康复、能力提升有重要意义,特教学校学生的眼健康问题不容忽视。
本次调查结果显示,特教学校学生近视特点与普通学校近视特点不尽相同:特教学生筛查性近视检出率随年龄升高,近视程度也随年龄增加,与普通中小学生的近视流行病学特征一致[19]。但特教学校筛查性近视学生中低度近视构成较高,达81.6%,而在2019年全国汉族视力不良学生中重度视力不良比重较大[20],达到62.9%。本次调查中筛查性近视检出率的性别差异无统计学意义,与普通学校女生筛查性近视检出率高于男生[13]不同,可能与特教学校中男生构成较高有关。
陶俊等[21]对特殊学校调查中孤独症合并智力残疾患儿近视检出率为1.74%;脑瘫合并智力残疾儿童[22]近视检出率为39.47%;Chang等[23]研究中美国加州大学0~17岁孤独症谱系障碍儿童少年近视患病率为31%;Kavitha等[24]的调查显示,74.47%的发育迟缓儿童有屈光不正问题。本次调查中,孤独症、发育迟缓和智力障碍学生筛查性近视检出率分别为22.4%,12.5%,33.0%。提示患不同类型疾病的残疾学生的近视检出率可能不同。特殊学校是为不同类型特殊儿童设立的学校[25],学生罹患疾病的种类和构成不尽相同,导致视觉问题的原因亦有差异,因此以学校为基础的特教学生近视防控时,需考虑学生基础疾病特点制定精准防控措施。
特教学校学生筛查性近视相关因素与普通学校学生略有差异。本次调查结果显示,不良读写姿势(如歪头、过近距离读写等)、每日读写时长、阳光直射下看书、睡觉时开夜灯、睡眠时长、户外活动时长等因素对近视的影响不显著,与普通学校学生近视常见危险因素不同[26-30]。可能与特教学校根据学生残疾状况和补偿程度实施分类教学[31]、近距离读写工作相对较少有关。视屏时间过长是近视的危险因素[32],本次调查结果显示,残疾学生年龄、每日看手机时长≥2 h和每日看电脑/平板时长≥2 h与筛查性近视呈正相关。提示在特殊教育提升计划背景下,虽然视频资料为特殊教育提供丰富教学资料,但也应适当控制视屏时长。本次调查结果显示,住宿是筛查性近视的相关因素,可能与走读学生每天往返学校,户外活动时间相对增加,同时受到家人的更好照护有关。
总之,特教学生中的近视问题不容忽视,眼健康对特教学生知识、技能的获取非常重要,同时也对其康复过程有重要意义。特教学校学生近视特点及影响因素与普通学校学生略有不同,可以借鉴普通近视防控成功经验,结合特教学生近视特点开展近视精准防控。
  • 国家自然科学基金项目(82273655);天津市教委科研计划项目(2020KJ201)
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2025年第46卷第3期
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doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2025051
  • 接收时间:2024-08-13
  • 首发时间:2026-11-06
  • 出版时间:2025-03-25
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  • 收稿日期:2024-08-13
  • 修回日期:2024-09-12
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国家自然科学基金项目(82273655);天津市教委科研计划项目(2020KJ201)
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    1天津医科大学公共卫生学院, 天津 300070
    2蚌埠医科大学公共卫生学院

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)
属
Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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