Article(id=1325500681049747797, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, issueId=1325500677975318675, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2025035, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1725811200000, receivedDateStr=2024-09-09, revisedDate=1731513600000, revisedDateStr=2024-11-14, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1793953588974, onlineDateStr=2026-11-06, pubDate=1740412800000, pubDateStr=2025-02-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1793953588974, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-11-06, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1793953588974, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1793953588974, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1325500677975318675, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, year='2025', volume='46', issue='2', pageStart='153', pageEnd='304', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1740412800000', pubDateStr='2025-02-25', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1793953588241, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1793953588241, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext=null, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=153, endPage=156, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1325500683570524503, articleId=1325500681049747797, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, language=EN, title=Pay attention to health profile for disabled children in school health work, columnId=1325500683172065622, journalTitle=Chinese Journal of School Health, columnName=Editorial, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Disabled children not only suffer from disability associated health impairment, but also face other health challenges similar to typically developing children, such as overweight and obesity, oral health problems, eye conditions, mental health problems, sleep problems as well as harm. Similar with typical development children, growth and development period is a critical period for the physical and mental development of disabled children. Timely, appropriate, and continuous hygiene and health services provided during childhood according to the different needs of disabled children, can effectively stimulate their own compensatory mechanisms, enabling them to achieve better rehabilitation effects and higher health levels.

, authors=Xin ZHANG, authorsList=Xin ZHANG, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=null, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=Copyright ©2025 Chinese Journal of School Health. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1325500687647387994, articleId=1325500681049747797, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, language=CN, title=学校卫生工作应重视残疾儿童卫生与健康, columnId=1325500684380025177, journalTitle=中国学校卫生, columnName=述评, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

残疾儿童除本身残疾相关的健康损害外,还存在与正常发育儿童同样的其他健康问题风险,如超重肥胖、口腔健康、眼健康、心理健康、睡眠问题、伤害等。与正常发育儿童一样,生长发育时期也是残疾儿童身心发展的关键时期,根据残疾儿童的不同需求提供及时、适当、持续的卫生与健康服务,可以有效激发残疾儿童自身的代偿机制,使其获得更好的康复效果和更高的健康水平。

, authors=张欣, authorsList=张欣, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=null, authorNote=

张欣(1961-),女,天津人,博士,教授,主要研究方向为儿童少年身心健康及儿童孤独症流行病学

, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=版权所有©《中国学校卫生》编辑部2025, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=6b031KgTVJ/jFmfB56HSAg==, magXml=SAUZkd9SzF9DNTdSlS2jmg==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=TMELv+sv0sdXddqmhq2Ivw==, pdfFileSize=436999, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=sP1sovbCRmGNC2ozK+xw/w==, mapNumber=null, fund=null)}, authors=[Author(id=1325500691103494495, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, articleId=1325500681049747797, orderNo=0, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1325500691439038817, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, articleId=1325500681049747797, authorId=1325500691103494495, language=EN, stringName=Xin ZHANG, firstName=Xin, middleName=null, lastName=ZHANG, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address=School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin (300070), China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1325500691862663522, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, articleId=1325500681049747797, authorId=1325500691103494495, language=CN, stringName=张欣, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address=天津医科大学公共卫生学院,天津 300070, bio={"content":"

张欣(1961-),女,天津人,博士,教授,主要研究方向为儿童少年身心健康及儿童孤独症流行病学

"}, bioImg=null, bioContent=

张欣(1961-),女,天津人,博士,教授,主要研究方向为儿童少年身心健康及儿童孤独症流行病学

, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1325500689408995675, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, articleId=1325500681049747797, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1325500689752928604, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, articleId=1325500681049747797, companyId=1325500689408995675, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin (300070), China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1325500689769705821, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, articleId=1325500681049747797, companyId=1325500689408995675, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=天津医科大学公共卫生学院,天津 300070)])])], keywords=[Keyword(id=1325500692005269859, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, articleId=1325500681049747797, language=EN, orderNo=1, keyword=Disabled children), Keyword(id=1325500692290482532, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, articleId=1325500681049747797, language=EN, orderNo=2, keyword=Health), Keyword(id=1325500692370174309, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, articleId=1325500681049747797, language=EN, orderNo=3, keyword=Health status), Keyword(id=1325500692433088870, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, articleId=1325500681049747797, language=EN, orderNo=4, keyword=Health promotion), Keyword(id=1325500693137731943, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, articleId=1325500681049747797, language=CN, orderNo=1, keyword=残疾儿童), Keyword(id=1325500693523607912, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, articleId=1325500681049747797, language=CN, orderNo=2, keyword=卫生), Keyword(id=1325500693666214249, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, articleId=1325500681049747797, language=CN, orderNo=3, keyword=健康状况), Keyword(id=1325500693959815530, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, articleId=1325500681049747797, language=CN, orderNo=4, keyword=健康促进)], refs=[Reference(id=1325500694882562413, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, articleId=1325500681049747797, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=1, rfOrder=0, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=中国残疾人联合会. 残疾人分类及分级[EB/OL]. (2022-03-22)[2024-09-01]. https://www.cdpf.org.cn//hdjl/gjflfg1/zzjslzc/2b2e58504e1e41879a9907b00c7d47a0.htm., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1325500695213912430, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, articleId=1325500681049747797, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=2, rfOrder=1, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=WHO. World report on disability 2011[EB/OL]. (2011-01-01)[2024-09-01]. https://www.who.int/teams/noncommunicable-diseases/sensory-functions-disability-and-rehabilitation/world-report-on-disability., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1325500695717228911, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, articleId=1325500681049747797, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=3, rfOrder=2, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=中国残疾人联合会. 中国残疾人事业统计年鉴2023: 综合数据统计[ EB/OL]. (2024-04-18)[2024-09-01]. https://www.cdpf.org.cn/zwgk/zccx/ndsj/zhsjtj/2022zh/294e679cc9e345388d8496c2dce046ff.htm., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1325500696090521968, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, articleId=1325500681049747797, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=4, rfOrder=3, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=国家统计局, 第二次全国残疾人抽样调查领导小组. 第二次全国残疾人抽样调查主要数据公报[N]. 人民日报, 2007-05-29(10)., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1325500696501563761, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, articleId=1325500681049747797, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=4, rfOrder=4, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=National Bureau of Statistics, Leading Group for the Second National Sampling Survey of Persons with Disabilities. Main data bulletin of the second national sampling survey of persons with disabilities[N]. People's Daily, 2007-05-2910). (in Chinese), articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1325500696900022642, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, articleId=1325500681049747797, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=5, rfOrder=5, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=WHO. Blindness and visual impairment[EB/OL]. (2017-03-05)[2024-09-01]. http://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/blindness-and-visual-impairment., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1325500696988103027, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, articleId=1325500681049747797, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=6, rfOrder=6, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=何平, 戴婉薇, 陈功, 等. 中国儿童1987与2006年视力残疾分析[J]. 中国公共卫生, 2017, 33(12): 1673-1676., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1325500697311064436, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, articleId=1325500681049747797, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=6, rfOrder=7, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=HE P, DAI W W, CHEN G, et al. Visual disability among children in China between 1987 and 2006[J]. Chin J Public Health, 2017, 33(12): 1673-1676. (in Chinese), articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1325500697717911925, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, articleId=1325500681049747797, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=7, rfOrder=8, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=WHO. Deafness and hearing loss[EB/OL]. (2024-02-02)[2024-09-01]. https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/deafness-and-hearing-loss., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1325500698175091062, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, articleId=1325500681049747797, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=8, rfOrder=9, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=TOTSIKA V, LIEW A, ABSOUD M, et al. Mental health problems in children with intellectual disability[J]. Lancet Child Adolesc Health, 2022, 6(6): 432-444., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1325500698573549943, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, articleId=1325500681049747797, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=9, rfOrder=10, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=熊妮娜, 张致祥, 叶奇, 等. 2006年中国智力残疾儿童流行情况及致残原因调查[J]. 中国儿童保健杂志, 2009, 17(1): 48-50., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1325500698980397432, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, articleId=1325500681049747797, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=9, rfOrder=11, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=XIONG N N, HANG X, YE Q, et al. Investigation on prevalence and causes of children with mental disability in China[J]. Chin J Child Health Care, 2009, 17(1): 48-50. (in Chinese), articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1325500699399827833, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, articleId=1325500681049747797, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=10, rfOrder=12, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=WANG, HENG X, HANG L, et al. Changes in prevalence and socioeconomic factors of psychiatric disability among children in China from 1987-2006: a population based survey[J]. Int J Environ Res Public Health, 2017, 14(3): 279., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1325500699492102522, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, articleId=1325500681049747797, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=11, rfOrder=13, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=MATIZANADZO J T, PAUDYAL P. The delivery of obesity interventions to children and adolescents with physical disabilities: a systematic review[J]. J Public Health(Oxf), 2022, 44(3): 685-693., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1325500699831841147, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, articleId=1325500681049747797, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=12, rfOrder=14, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=BRIAN A, PENNELL A, HAIBACH-BEACH P, et al. Correlates of physical activity among children with visual impairments[J]. Disabil Health J, 2019, 12(2): 328-333., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1325500699957670268, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, articleId=1325500681049747797, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=13, rfOrder=15, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=EMERSON E, ROBERTSON J, BAINES S, et al. Obesity in British children with and without intellectual disability: cohort study[J]. BMC Public Health, 2016, 16: 644., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1325500700297408893, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, articleId=1325500681049747797, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=14, rfOrder=16, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=AYYILDIZ E, ARAS D, YAGIN F H, et al. Investigation of sports participation motivation in people with disabilities: a cross-sectional study of individuals with physical and hearing impairments[J]. BMC Sports Sci Med Rehabil, 2024, 16(1): 56., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1325500700674896254, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, articleId=1325500681049747797, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=15, rfOrder=17, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=BURO A W, GRAY H L, IRBY R S, et al. Diet quality in an ethnically diverse sample of children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorder compared with nationally representative data[J]. Disabil Health J, 2021, 14(1): 100981., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1325500700758782335, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, articleId=1325500681049747797, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=16, rfOrder=18, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=KINLEN D, CODY D, O'SHEA D. Complications of obesity[J]. QJM Int J Med, 2018, 111(7): 437-443., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1325500701081743744, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, articleId=1325500681049747797, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=17, rfOrder=19, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=GAO L, LIU X N. Oral Health status of disabled children and adolescents in China[J]. Chin J Dent Res, 2023, 26(3): 171-177., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1325500701245321601, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, articleId=1325500681049747797, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=18, rfOrder=20, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=YOU W, XIA B, DENTISTRY D P. Oral health promotion and maintenance of mental/intellectual disabled children[J]. Int J Stomatol, 2018, 45(4): 492-496., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1325500701576671618, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, articleId=1325500681049747797, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=19, rfOrder=21, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=PU C, HOU C H. Ophthalmic health care needs of children with disabilities[J]. EyeLond), 2024, 38(3): 481-487., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1325500701908021635, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, articleId=1325500681049747797, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=20, rfOrder=22, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=AKINCI A, ONER O, BOZKURT O H, et al. Refractive errors and ocular findings in children with intellectual disability: a controlled study[J]. J AAPOS, 2008, 12(5): 477-481., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1325500702038045060, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, articleId=1325500681049747797, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=21, rfOrder=23, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=JAIN A, BOYD N, PAULSEN C, et al. Ophthalmologic and neuro-ophthalmologic findings in children with down syndrome[J]. Am J Med Genet C Semin Med Genet, 2023, 193(4): e32068., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1325500702767853957, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, articleId=1325500681049747797, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=22, rfOrder=24, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=CHANG M Y, DOPPEE D, YU F, et al. Prevalence of ophthalmologic diagnoses in children with autism spectrum disorder using the optum dataset: a population-based study[J]. Am J Ophthalmol, 2021, 221(1): 147-153., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1325500702855934342, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, articleId=1325500681049747797, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=23, rfOrder=25, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=MCBRIDE G R, STEPHENSON A J, COMER G, et al. The use of oral midazolam to facilitate the ophthalmic examination of children with autism and developmental disorders[J]. J Autism Dev Disord, 2021, 51(5): 1678-1682., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1325500703195672967, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, articleId=1325500681049747797, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=24, rfOrder=26, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=RAST J E, ROUX A M, CONNOR G, et al. The medical home and mental health services in children and youth with special health care needs[J]. Matern Child Health J, 2023, 27(6): 1097-1106., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1325500703636074888, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, articleId=1325500681049747797, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=25, rfOrder=27, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=KING T L, MILNER A, AITKEN, et al. Mental health of adolescents: variations by borderline intellectual functioning and disability[J]. Eur Child Adolesc Psych, 2019, 28(9): 1231-1240., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1325500703703183753, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, articleId=1325500681049747797, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=26, rfOrder=28, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=王滔, 李潇. 残疾儿童心理健康内涵及结构初探[J]. 残疾人研究, 2021(1): 79-87., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1325500704017756554, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, articleId=1325500681049747797, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=26, rfOrder=29, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=WANG T, LI X. Preliminary study on the connotation and structure of mental health of children with disabilties[J]. Disabil Res, 2021(1): 79-87. (in Chinese), articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1325500704437186955, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, articleId=1325500681049747797, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=27, rfOrder=30, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=HORWOOD L, LI P, MOK E, et al. A systematic review and Meta-analysis of the prevalence of sleep problems in children with cerebral palsy: how do children with cerebral palsy differ from each other and from typically developing children?[J]. Sleep Health, 2019, 5(6): 555-571., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1325500704860811660, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, articleId=1325500681049747797, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=28, rfOrder=31, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=KÖSE S, YILMAZ H, OCAKOĜLU F T, et al. Sleep problems in children with autism spectrum disorder and intellectual disability without autism spectrum disorder[J]. Sleep Med, 2017, 40(12): 69-77., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1325500705263464845, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, articleId=1325500681049747797, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=29, rfOrder=32, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=LIU X, LIU L, WANG R. Bed sharing, sleep habits, and sleep problems among Chinese school-aged children[J]. Sleep, 2003, 26(7): 839-844., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1325500705724838286, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, articleId=1325500681049747797, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=30, rfOrder=33, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=SHI X, SHI J, WHEELER, STALLONES L, et al. Unintentional injuries in children with disabilities: a systematic review and Meta-analysis[J]. Inj Epidemiol, 2015, 2(1): 21., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1325500706123297167, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, articleId=1325500681049747797, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=31, rfOrder=34, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=LEGANO L A, DESCH L W, MESSNER S A, et al. Maltreatment of children with disabilities[J]. Pediatrics, 2021, 147(5): 401-411., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1325500706211377552, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, articleId=1325500681049747797, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=32, rfOrder=35, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=GAO Q, XIANG H, XIANG Y T, et al. Deliberate self-harm among children with disabilities in China: a matched case-control study[J]. Pediatr Res, 2019, 85(3): 275-282., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1325500706538533265, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, articleId=1325500681049747797, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=33, rfOrder=36, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=李荣时. 中国1987年残疾人抽样调查概要[J]. 人口研究, 1988, 12(3): 24-26., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1325500707369005458, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, articleId=1325500681049747797, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=33, rfOrder=37, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=LI R S. Summary of the sampling survey of disabled persons in China from 1987[J]. Popul Res, 1988, 12(3): 24-26. (in Chinese), articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1325500707851350419, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, articleId=1325500681049747797, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=34, rfOrder=38, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=中国残疾人联合会. 2006年第二次全国残疾人抽样调查主要数据公报(第一号)[EB/OL]. (2008-04-07)[2024-09-01]. https://www.cdpf.org.cn//zwgk/zccx/dcsj/9ff8c67574af479dabaf6ac21b5305f4.htm., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1325500708283363732, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, articleId=1325500681049747797, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=35, rfOrder=39, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=中华人民共和国教育部. 国务院办公厅关于转发教育部等部门"十四五"特殊教育发展提升行动计划的通知[EB/OL]. (2021-12-31)[2024-09-01]. http://www.moe.gov.cn/jyb_xxgk/moe_1777/moe_1778/202201/t20220125_596312.html., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1325500694425383276, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, articleId=1325500681049747797, awardId=null, language=CN, fundingSource=国家自然基金项目(82273655), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1325500689408995675, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, articleId=1325500681049747797, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1325500689752928604, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, articleId=1325500681049747797, companyId=1325500689408995675, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin (300070), China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1325500689769705821, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, articleId=1325500681049747797, companyId=1325500689408995675, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=天津医科大学公共卫生学院,天津 300070)])], figs=null, attaches=null, journal=Journal(id=1256213067906957319, delFlag=0, nameCn=中国学校卫生, nameEn=Chinese Journal of School Health, nameHistory1=null, nameHistory2=null, issn=1000-9817, eissn=null, cn=34-1092/R, coden=null, periodic=0, language=CN, oaType=null, ccby=null, superviseOffice=null, ownerOffice=null, pubOffice=null, editorOffice=null, officeType=null, aims=null, clcCode=null, officeProv=null, officeCity=null, officeAddr=null, officeZip=null, officeEmail=null, officePhone=null, editDirector=null, officeDirector=null, officeDirectorPhone=null, officeStaffNum=null, officeEmpNum=null, coverPicUrl=AekpsZEgWlLz35HByrmLfA==, journalPrice=null, startedYear=null, abbrevIsoEn=Chinese Journal of School Health, journalRemark=null, publicationField=null, createdTime=1777434134703, updatedTime=1788949071540, createdBy=18614031015, updatedBy=13041195026, firstLetterCn=Z, firstLetterEn=Z, subjectCode=Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, subjectName=null, subjectCodeEn=Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, subjectNameEn=null, picCn=AekpsZEgWlLz35HByrmLfA==, picEn=Kyo4DrdVdhYZoe6v0NlLgg==, jcr=null, cjcr=null, exts=[JournalExt(id=1304510214938583098, language=CN, name=中国学校卫生, nameHistory1=null, nameHistory2=null, managedBy=, sponsoredBy=, publishedBy=, editorOffice=, officeProv=null, officeCity=null, officeAddr=, officeZip=, editDirector=, officeDirector=null, officePhone=null, coverPicUrl=null, journalRemark=, submitArticleUrl=null, websiteUrl=, createdTime=1788949071869, updatedTime=1788949071869, createdBy=13041195026, updatedBy=13041195026, submissionGuidelinesUrl=, submissionAuthorUrl=https://xiws.cbpt.cnki.net/EditorC3N/index.aspx?t=1, submissionEditorUrl=https://xiws.cbpt.cnki.net/EditorC3N/index.aspx?t=3, submissionReviewUrl=https://xiws.cbpt.cnki.net/EditorC3N/index.aspx?t=2, submissionCeEditorUrl=, submissionAeEditorUrl=, option={"copyright":""}), JournalExt(id=1304510214993109051, language=EN, name=Chinese Journal of School Health, nameHistory1=null, nameHistory2=null, managedBy=, sponsoredBy=, publishedBy=, editorOffice=, officeProv=null, officeCity=null, officeAddr=, officeZip=, editDirector=, officeDirector=null, officePhone=null, coverPicUrl=null, journalRemark=, submitArticleUrl=null, websiteUrl=, createdTime=1788949071882, updatedTime=1788949071882, createdBy=13041195026, updatedBy=13041195026, submissionGuidelinesUrl=, submissionAuthorUrl=https://xiws.cbpt.cnki.net/EditorC3N/index.aspx?t=1, submissionEditorUrl=https://xiws.cbpt.cnki.net/EditorC3N/index.aspx?t=3, submissionReviewUrl=https://xiws.cbpt.cnki.net/EditorC3N/index.aspx?t=2, submissionCeEditorUrl=, submissionAeEditorUrl=, option={"copyright":""})], databaseList=null, tenantJournalId=1256213402557890569, websiteList=[Website(id=1256214443441140376, webName=null, webTitle=null, webDomain=null, webCopyrigh=null, webIpcNo=null, seoTitle=null, seoKeywords=null, seoDescription=null, tenantJournalId=null, journalId=1256213402557890569, journalNameCn=null, journalNameEn=null, grayFlag=null, tenantId=1146029695717560320, platformId=null, journalGroupId=null, journalGroupNameCn=null, journalGroupNameEn=null, type=1, domain=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/zgxxws/CN, language=CN, createTime=1777434462652, createBy=18614031015, updateTime=1777434574881, updateBy=18614031015, name=中国学校卫生-中文, tplId=1146099689490845704, title=中国学校卫生, delFlag=0, indexPage=/home, props=[WebsiteProps(id=1256215107684655897, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1256214443441140376, code=articleTextType, value=kx, createTime=1777434621020, updateTime=1777434621020, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1256215107663684374, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1256214443441140376, code=banner, value=null, createTime=1777434621015, updateTime=1777434621015, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1256215107709821724, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1256214443441140376, code=grayFlag, value=0, createTime=1777434621026, updateTime=1777434621026, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1256215107651101461, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1256214443441140376, code=logo, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/zgxxws/CN/file/pic?fileId=SD0zLW2e5Vm+XCN1zUmHPA==, createTime=1777434621012, updateTime=1777434621013, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1256215107726598942, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1256214443441140376, code=minRunFlag, value=0, createTime=1777434621030, updateTime=1777434621030, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1256215107680461592, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1256214443441140376, code=picServerUrl, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/zgxxws/CN/file/pic, createTime=1777434621019, updateTime=1777434621019, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1256215107714016029, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1256214443441140376, code=silenceFlag, value=0, createTime=1777434621027, updateTime=1777434621027, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1256215107672072983, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1256214443441140376, code=staticResourcePath, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/cast_kjdb_cn_619/, createTime=1777434621017, updateTime=1777434621017, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1256215107693044506, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1256214443441140376, code=themeColor, value=null, createTime=1777434621022, updateTime=1777434621022, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1256215107701433115, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1256214443441140376, code=themeStyle, value=null, createTime=1777434621024, updateTime=1777434621024, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015)]), Website(id=1256214443571163802, webName=null, webTitle=null, webDomain=null, webCopyrigh=null, webIpcNo=null, seoTitle=null, seoKeywords=null, seoDescription=null, tenantJournalId=null, journalId=1256213402557890569, journalNameCn=null, journalNameEn=null, grayFlag=null, tenantId=1146029695717560320, platformId=null, journalGroupId=null, journalGroupNameCn=null, journalGroupNameEn=null, type=1, domain=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/zgxxws/EN, language=EN, createTime=1777434462683, createBy=18614031015, updateTime=1777434571098, updateBy=18614031015, name=中国学校卫生-英文, tplId=1146101810881728533, title=Chinese Journal of School Health, delFlag=0, indexPage=/home, props=[WebsiteProps(id=1256215133538345763, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1256214443571163802, code=articleTextType, value=kx, createTime=1777434627184, updateTime=1777434627184, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1256215133513179936, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1256214443571163802, code=banner, value=null, createTime=1777434627178, updateTime=1777434627178, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1256215133588677414, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1256214443571163802, code=grayFlag, value=0, createTime=1777434627196, updateTime=1777434627196, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1256215133475431199, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1256214443571163802, code=logo, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/gywlxb/EN/file/pic?fileId=SD0zLW2e5Vm+XCN1zUmHPA==, createTime=1777434627169, updateTime=1777434627169, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1256215133601260328, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1256214443571163802, code=minRunFlag, value=0, createTime=1777434627199, updateTime=1777434627199, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1256215133529957154, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1256214443571163802, code=picServerUrl, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/gywlxb/EN/file/pic, createTime=1777434627182, updateTime=1777434627182, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1256215133592871719, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1256214443571163802, code=silenceFlag, value=0, createTime=1777434627197, updateTime=1777434627197, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1256215133521568545, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1256214443571163802, code=staticResourcePath, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/cast_kjdb_en_623/, createTime=1777434627180, updateTime=1777434627180, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1256215133567705892, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1256214443571163802, code=themeColor, value=null, createTime=1777434627191, updateTime=1777434627191, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1256215133580288805, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1256214443571163802, code=themeStyle, value=null, createTime=1777434627194, updateTime=1777434627194, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015)])], journalTitle=中国学校卫生, weixinUrl=null, journalUrl=http://www.cjsh.org.cn/, iacademicId=null, status=1, seqNo=null, journalTitleEn=Chinese Journal of School Health, journalPhotoCn=AekpsZEgWlLz35HByrmLfA==, journalPhotoEn=Kyo4DrdVdhYZoe6v0NlLgg==, journalFirstLetter=Z, journalRecommend=null, journalNew=null, journalCollection=null, jcrJf=null, cjcrJf=null, jcrJfStr=null, cjcrJfStr=null, submissionFirstDecision=null, sciSubjectClassification=null, casSubjectClassification=null, citeScore=null, totalCitationFrequency=null, icpCode=null, psCode=null, advertisingLicenseCode=null, copyrightInformation=null, country=null, option=, provinceCode=null, provinceName=null, collectFlag=false, interPubPlatform=, interPubPlatformUrl=null), detailUrlCn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/zgxxws/CN/10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2025035, detailUrlEn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/zgxxws/EN/10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2025035, pdfUrlCn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/zgxxws/CN/PDF/10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2025035, pdfUrlEn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/zgxxws/EN/PDF/10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2025035, aliStartDate=0, aliEndDate=0, collectionFlag=false, citedCount=null, citedUrl=null, previewStatus=0, delFlag=0, hasFullText=1, orderTime=1740412800000, fullTextJson=null, articleText=null, reference=null)
收藏切换
学校卫生工作应重视残疾儿童卫生与健康
收藏切换
PDF下载
张欣
中国学校卫生 | 述评 2025,46(2): 153-156
收起
收藏切换
中国学校卫生 |述评 2025 , 46 (2) : 153 -156
学校卫生工作应重视残疾儿童卫生与健康
全屏
[Author(id=1325500691103494495, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, articleId=1325500681049747797, orderNo=0, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1325500691439038817, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, articleId=1325500681049747797, authorId=1325500691103494495, language=EN, stringName=Xin ZHANG, firstName=Xin, middleName=null, lastName=ZHANG, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address=School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin (300070), China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1325500691862663522, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, articleId=1325500681049747797, authorId=1325500691103494495, language=CN, stringName=张欣, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address=天津医科大学公共卫生学院,天津 300070, bio={"content":"

张欣(1961-),女,天津人,博士,教授,主要研究方向为儿童少年身心健康及儿童孤独症流行病学

"}, bioImg=null, bioContent=

张欣(1961-),女,天津人,博士,教授,主要研究方向为儿童少年身心健康及儿童孤独症流行病学

, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1325500689408995675, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, articleId=1325500681049747797, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1325500689752928604, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, articleId=1325500681049747797, companyId=1325500689408995675, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin (300070), China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1325500689769705821, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, articleId=1325500681049747797, companyId=1325500689408995675, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=天津医科大学公共卫生学院,天津 300070)])])]
张欣
作者信息
  • 天津医科大学公共卫生学院,天津 300070
作者简介:

张欣(1961-),女,天津人,博士,教授,主要研究方向为儿童少年身心健康及儿童孤独症流行病学

Pay attention to health profile for disabled children in school health work
Xin ZHANG
Affiliations
  • School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin (300070), China
出版时间: 2025-02-25 doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2025035
文章导航
收藏切换

残疾儿童除本身残疾相关的健康损害外,还存在与正常发育儿童同样的其他健康问题风险,如超重肥胖、口腔健康、眼健康、心理健康、睡眠问题、伤害等。与正常发育儿童一样,生长发育时期也是残疾儿童身心发展的关键时期,根据残疾儿童的不同需求提供及时、适当、持续的卫生与健康服务,可以有效激发残疾儿童自身的代偿机制,使其获得更好的康复效果和更高的健康水平。

残疾儿童  /  卫生  /  健康状况  /  健康促进

Disabled children not only suffer from disability associated health impairment, but also face other health challenges similar to typically developing children, such as overweight and obesity, oral health problems, eye conditions, mental health problems, sleep problems as well as harm. Similar with typical development children, growth and development period is a critical period for the physical and mental development of disabled children. Timely, appropriate, and continuous hygiene and health services provided during childhood according to the different needs of disabled children, can effectively stimulate their own compensatory mechanisms, enabling them to achieve better rehabilitation effects and higher health levels.

Disabled children  /  Health  /  Health status  /  Health promotion
张欣. 学校卫生工作应重视残疾儿童卫生与健康. 中国学校卫生, 2025 , 46 (2) : 153 -156 . DOI: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2025035
Xin ZHANG. Pay attention to health profile for disabled children in school health work[J]. Chinese Journal of School Health, 2025 , 46 (2) : 153 -156 . DOI: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2025035
残疾儿童,又称残障儿童或缺陷儿童,是指在精神、生理、人体结构上,某种组织、功能丧失或障碍,全部或部分丧失从事某种活动能力以致影响其日常生活和社会参与的儿童[1]。残疾儿童除本身残疾相关的健康损害外,还存在与非残疾儿童或正常发育儿童同样的其他健康问题风险,如超重肥胖、眼健康、口腔健康、心理健康、睡眠问题等。生长发育时期也是残疾儿童身心发展的关键时期,处在该时期的残疾儿童运用自身未损伤器官感知外部世界、学习文化知识、掌握各项技能,在家庭和社会生活中形成各自的能力、气质和性格。对残疾人群体健康的关注与重视是当今社会文明的重要体现。因此,儿少与学校卫生领域有必要深入探究残疾儿童健康问题的特点,完善学校卫生中的残疾儿童卫生与健康服务体系,提高残疾儿童健康水平,使其能够以更好的状态回归社会。
世界卫生组织(World Health Organization, WHO)在2011年发布的《World Report on Disability》中指出,全球0~14岁患有中度或重度残疾的儿童约有9 300万,其中1 300万为重度残疾[2]。我国将残疾分为视力残疾、听力语言残疾、智力残疾、肢体残疾和精神残疾5类。中国残疾人联合会发布的《中国残疾人事业统计年鉴2023》报告称,截止到2022年12月31日,我国0~15岁办理残疾证的残疾人已超过120万人[3]。2006年第二次全国残疾人抽样调查结果显示,6~14岁学龄残疾儿童为246万人,占全部残疾人口的2.96%[4]。我国学龄残疾儿童中,63.19%正在普通教育或特殊教育学校接受义务教育,其中视力残疾、听力残疾、听力语言残疾、肢体残疾、智力残疾、精神残疾、多重残疾儿童分别占79.07%,85.05%,76.92%,80.36%,64.86%,69.42%,40.99%[4]。
指由于各种原因导致双眼视力低下并且不能矫正或视野缩小,以致影响其日常生活和社会参与,包括眼盲及低视力[1]。WHO估计全球约有1 900万15岁以下儿童患有低视力,140万儿童患有不可逆转的眼盲[5]。2006年我国0~14岁儿童视力残疾患病率为106.34/10万,其中眼盲的患病率为35.45/10万[6]。
听力残疾是指人由于各种原因导致双耳不同程度的永久性听力障碍,听不到或听不清周围环境声及言语声,以致影响日常生活和社会参与[1]。言语残疾是指由于各种原因导致不同程度的言语障碍,经治疗1年以上不愈或病程超过2年者,不能或难以进行正常的言语交往活动,以致影响日常生活和社会参与(3岁以下不定残)[1]。WHO报道世界上超过5%的人口,即4.3亿人(包括3 400万儿童)存在致残性听力损失问题[7]。2006年我国0~17岁人群听力残疾(含多重残疾)的现患率为1.80‰,言语残疾(含多重残疾)的现患率为1.20‰[4]。
指智力显著低于一般人水平,并伴有适应行为的障碍[1]。智力残疾是全球疾病负担的重要原因之一,也是5岁以下儿童疾病负担的首要原因,全球2%~3%的儿童患有智力残疾[8]。2006年我国0~17岁儿童智力残疾现患率为0.9%,男童各年龄段智残率均高于女童,0~5岁组智残率高于6~11和12~17岁组[9]。
指人体运动系统的结构、功能损伤造成四肢残缺或四肢、躯干麻痹(瘫痪)、畸形等而致人体运动功能不同程度丧失以及活动受限或参与的局限[1]。2006年我国6~14岁人群肢体残疾(单纯)约48万人[4]。
指各类精神障碍持续1年以上未痊愈,由于存在认知、情感和行为障碍,以致影响其日常生活和社会参与[1]。我国儿童精神残疾致残原因可分为5类:器质性精神障碍,精神分裂症、妄想性障碍、分裂情感性障碍,癫痫,孤独症谱系障碍症和其他。我国0~14岁儿童精神残疾的现患率为1.11‰[10]。
随着医学技术的进步和公众意识的提高,残疾儿童的病因、治疗及康复等关键问题受到广泛关注,同时有研究表明,肥胖、近视、龋齿等在正常发育儿童中常见健康问题也同样存在于残疾儿童中。
2019年,全球5岁及以下的儿童超重或肥胖人数约有3 820万,残疾儿童超重肥胖形势较非残疾儿童更为严峻,肢体残疾儿童青少年超重肥胖率约为非残疾同龄人的2倍[11]。视力残疾儿童同样因存在严重久坐以及基本运动技能(如跑步、跳跃、击球、踢球)能力不足等问题,导致超重肥胖率高于非残疾儿童[12]。智力障碍儿童同样是超重肥胖的高危人群,澳大利亚、法国、韩国、英国、美国以及中国等多个国家报告了智力障碍儿童肥胖风险的增加[13]。有研究表明,与非残疾儿童相比,残疾儿童在学龄期的体育活动往往较少,而且在儿童期中体育活动少的残疾儿童会在青春期乃至成年后继续保持久坐生活方式[14];另外,残疾儿童的身体或认知受限会导致其饮食模式不健康[15]。这些因素均可使残疾儿童超重肥胖风险大大增加。值得注意的是,残疾儿童超重肥胖的同时会增加其骨折、高血压、心血管疾病、胰岛素抵抗和心理问题的发生[16]。
一般来说,残疾儿童较非残疾儿童的口腔健康状况更差,未经治疗的龋齿、牙龈炎和牙周病发病率更高。一项横断面研究在2013年11月至2015年5月调查包括中国东部、中部和西部地区10个省福利机构中0~18岁的残疾儿童青少年口腔健康情况,发现龋齿、牙龈出血和牙结石的患病率较高,0~5,6~12和13~18岁组的牙龈出血率分别为13.70%,24.81%,42.06%,各年龄组牙结石的患病率分别为5.48%,22.41%和47.62%[17]。另外,残疾儿童的残疾类型中,行为和理解能力受限情况与口腔健康密切相关,肢体残疾儿童较其他类型残疾儿童牙龈出血情况更严重,精神残疾及智力残疾儿童龋齿及牙结石情况较其他类型残疾儿童更差[18]。
除视力残疾外的其他类型残疾儿童同样存在着不容忽视的眼健康问题。残疾儿童较正常儿童有更高的眼护理需求,且需求会因残疾类型和年龄而异,9岁前眼护理需求最大[19]。土耳其一项研究显示,77%的智力残疾儿童患有眼球震颤、斜视、散光或远视等眼健康问题,远高于非智力残疾儿童(42.4%)[20]。一项系统综述表明,唐氏综合征儿童较正常儿童眼科疾病患病率更高,尤其在儿童期会出现各种眼部并发症,如斜视、眼球震颤、屈光不正、先天性白内障、圆锥角膜和视力下降等[21]。孤独症谱系障碍儿童的眼健康问题也甚是堪忧,其近视患病率是正常发育儿童的3.22倍[22]。残疾儿童家庭常缺乏对儿童视力的关注,并且残疾儿童配合眼科检查较为困难,导致早期筛查和干预不足,无法及时发现视力问题[23]。
在美国,有1/5的儿童属于特殊医疗保健需求儿童,其中大约1/3儿童出现内化的心理健康症状(抑郁、焦虑、饮食失调和其他情绪问题),在孤独症谱系障碍(71%)、行为问题(68%)、注意力缺陷-多动障碍(55%)等精神残疾儿童中这一比例可能更高[24]。与无智力残疾的青少年相比,有智力残疾的青少年在情感和行为方面的困难更为严重,智力残疾青少年出现焦虑症状的风险更大[25]。近年来,人们越来越认识到残疾并非单纯源于健康状况或功能损害,而是健康状况或功能损害与社会因素和/或隔阂之间相互作用的结果。对于残疾儿童来说,在经历和/或适应被标记为非正常人的生活和社会环境的青春期尤其具有挑战性;社会因素包括歧视、态度偏见、无法获得社会服务,以及被排除在日常生活的各个领域之外,均会造成残疾儿童群体的压力,从而导致心理健康状况恶化及心理健康问题发生[26]。
精神残疾儿童的睡眠问题发生率可能高达85%,远高于非残疾儿童(20%~30%)[27]。过往研究表明,13.0%~36.0%的脑瘫患儿存在睡眠异常,最常见的睡眠问题是睡眠启动和维持(11.6%~50.0%),其次为睡眠呼吸障碍(9.6%~25.6%)、过度嗜睡(2.3%~14.6%)、睡眠多汗症(2.4%~34.9%)、睡眠-觉醒转换障碍(11.0%~31.0%)、觉醒障碍(4.4%~19.5%)[27]。孤独症谱系障碍儿童及智力残疾儿童睡眠问题发生率分别高达61.7%和76.1%,常见的睡眠问题包括失眠(尤其是夜醒和睡眠时间减少)、就寝抵抗力和白天嗜睡[28]。有研究指出,与父母同睡的儿童更有可能出现睡眠焦虑和白天嗜睡;同床睡眠可能引起睡眠焦虑,而睡眠焦虑可能会增加床共享的可能性,进而形成恶性循环[29]。
残疾儿童自身的残疾及其心理健康问题会增加其经历各类伤害的风险,包括意外伤害、虐待与忽视、自杀与自伤等。一项Meta分析结果显示,残疾儿童发生意外伤害的风险是非残疾儿童的1.86倍,0~4,5~9和≥10岁年龄组残疾儿童发生意外伤害的风险分别是非残疾同龄人的1.28,1.75和1.86倍[30]。身体残疾儿童发生意外伤害的风险是正常发育儿童的2.39倍,智力残疾儿童发生意外伤害的风险是正常发育儿童的1.77倍[30]。美国儿童局报告称,2018年估计有67.8万名儿童被确定为虐待或忽视的受害者,其中60.8%的残疾儿童遭受过忽视,10.7%遭受过身体虐待,7.0%遭受过性虐待,这些儿童中有15.5%遭受了≥2种的虐待[31]。中国一项病例对照研究结果表明,残疾儿童自伤发生率高于非残疾儿童,且两者在自伤方式、身体部位受伤、预谋、希望被他人知道和寻求帮助行为方面差异有统计学意义[32]。
儿少/学校卫生工作的目标就是维护和促进儿童青少年身心健康,其中也包括残疾儿童。因为残疾儿童本身的疾病和状况,一直以来在医疗和康复领域被关注和重视,但对于预防医学领域的儿少/学校卫生并不是关注重点。随着教育领域提倡的融合教育和教育公平化的推进,残疾儿童更多地进入不同类型学校,对残疾学生健康问题的重视提到了议事日程。这不仅是社会公平的体现,也是提高残疾儿童身心健康水平及其生活质量的重要课题,值得儿少卫生与学校卫生领域给予重视。
首先是加强对儿童残障流行现状的调查与监测。目前我国相关残疾儿童青少年流行病学数据大多基于1987和2006年2次全国残疾人抽样调查数据[33-34],随着国家经济发展,近年来我国人口数量及结构、社会及生活环境、医学诊疗服务都发生了巨大变化,上述数据资料严重滞后,已不符合目前我国国情,不利于残疾人事业发展的推进。儿童残疾流行现状的调查与监测是残疾人事业发展的基石和支撑,应真实、准确、完整、及时地持续更新相关统计数据,这样才能更好、更精准地为包括残疾儿童在内的残疾人提供服务,进而促进残疾人事业的高质量发展。
其次,加强残疾儿童除自身残疾外其他卫生与健康问题的关注。目前针对残疾儿童,医疗领域更多关注的是残疾引起的行为症状及社会功能的改善,促进其融入社会、降低社会边缘化风险,进而减轻家庭及社会的经济负担。但对于残疾儿童其他的卫生与健康问题关注不足,特别是预防医学领域对该群体卫生与健康未受到应有重视。值得注意的是,除自身残疾外,其他卫生与健康问题对残疾儿童的康复效果、预后、社会融入及生活质量同样具有深远影响。
我国政府一直重视残疾人康复和公平性,出台了很多关于残疾儿童康复、教育、政策法规和福利保障等内容的政策和文件。在预防医学领域中的儿少/学校卫生并未系统地关注残疾儿童群体卫生与健康问题,尽管有一些客观原因,但随着我国融合教育理念的推广和教育部三期“特殊教育提升计划”的实施[35],对残疾儿童的公平化理念更加具体化,凸显了儿少与学校卫生领域对残疾儿童群体健康问题关注度不足的缺陷。因此,应从以下几个方面入手:首先,选择全国有代表性地区的普通学校和特殊教育学校、康复机构和社区,充分调查残疾儿童卫生与健康问题的流行病学特征、患病特点,运用必要的科研手段对健康危害进行预测;其次,在普通学校和特殊教育学校中,探讨各类残疾学生健康问题防治手段及途径,尤其是如何利用学校的校医室、校医工作职责和资源为残疾儿童健康服务;再次,在有充分依据的基础上,建立具有我国特色的残疾儿童卫生与健康的学校卫生预防与干预系统,尤其在特教及普通学校的校医中建立有关残疾儿童健康问题的认识、筛查、追踪和干预的培训及制度是非常重要的环节;最后,学习、借鉴国外的成功经验,未来可在残疾儿童康复救助体系之上,增加对残疾儿童健康问题的筛查、追踪和干预,确保每名残疾儿童能及时被发现身体健康问题,在最佳干预期内获得适当的支持和治疗,保障享受健康保健的权利。
作为残疾儿童家长,最担忧的问题是残疾儿童未来融入社会问题;但一般仅注意残疾儿童功能缺陷部分,忽视了残疾儿童卫生与健康问题,没有把健康与康复联系在一起,同时也缺乏相关的知识来发现可能出现的卫生健康问题。对于特教学校,更多关注教育与学生功能障碍(或康复),很少注意其儿童期一般健康问题;对于普通学校,会重视发育正常学生的一般健康问题,而对于残疾学生更多关注融合教育与孩子的特殊问题。因此,家庭、学校和社区是维护残疾儿童健康的前沿阵地,应同时联合学校和社区推广相关健康教育与指导服务,提高家长及公众对残疾儿童卫生与健康问题的认知和重视。
残疾儿童的卫生与健康状况与正常发育儿童相比较差,但该问题并未获得足够的认识和重视。未来应加强对残疾儿童卫生与健康问题的全方面关注,建立儿少和学校卫生中残疾儿童卫生与健康问题筛查、追踪和干预体系;在残疾儿童的生长发育时期,根据不同需求提供及时、适当、持续的卫生与健康服务,激发残疾儿童自身的代偿机制,以提高残疾儿童健康水平,使其能够以更好状态回归社会。
  • 国家自然基金项目(82273655)
参考文献 引证文献
排序方式:
1
中国残疾人联合会. 残疾人分类及分级[EB/OL]. (2022-03-22)[2024-09-01]. https://www.cdpf.org.cn//hdjl/gjflfg1/zzjslzc/2b2e58504e1e41879a9907b00c7d47a0.htm.
3
中国残疾人联合会. 中国残疾人事业统计年鉴2023: 综合数据统计[ EB/OL]. (2024-04-18)[2024-09-01]. https://www.cdpf.org.cn/zwgk/zccx/ndsj/zhsjtj/2022zh/294e679cc9e345388d8496c2dce046ff.htm.
4
国家统计局, 第二次全国残疾人抽样调查领导小组. 第二次全国残疾人抽样调查主要数据公报[N]. 人民日报, 2007-05-29(10).
National Bureau of Statistics, Leading Group for the Second National Sampling Survey of Persons with Disabilities. Main data bulletin of the second national sampling survey of persons with disabilities[N]. People's Daily, 2007-05-2910). (in Chinese)
5
WHO. Blindness and visual impairment[EB/OL]. (2017-03-05)[2024-09-01]. http://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/blindness-and-visual-impairment.
6
何平, 戴婉薇, 陈功, 等. 中国儿童1987与2006年视力残疾分析[J]. 中国公共卫生, 2017, 33(12): 1673-1676.
HE P, DAI W W, CHEN G, et al. Visual disability among children in China between 1987 and 2006[J]. Chin J Public Health, 2017, 33(12): 1673-1676. (in Chinese)
7
WHO. Deafness and hearing loss[EB/OL]. (2024-02-02)[2024-09-01]. https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/deafness-and-hearing-loss.
8
TOTSIKA V, LIEW A, ABSOUD M, et al. Mental health problems in children with intellectual disability[J]. Lancet Child Adolesc Health, 2022, 6(6): 432-444.
9
熊妮娜, 张致祥, 叶奇, 等. 2006年中国智力残疾儿童流行情况及致残原因调查[J]. 中国儿童保健杂志, 2009, 17(1): 48-50.
XIONG N N, HANG X, YE Q, et al. Investigation on prevalence and causes of children with mental disability in China[J]. Chin J Child Health Care, 2009, 17(1): 48-50. (in Chinese)
10
WANG, HENG X, HANG L, et al. Changes in prevalence and socioeconomic factors of psychiatric disability among children in China from 1987-2006: a population based survey[J]. Int J Environ Res Public Health, 2017, 14(3): 279.
11
MATIZANADZO J T, PAUDYAL P. The delivery of obesity interventions to children and adolescents with physical disabilities: a systematic review[J]. J Public Health(Oxf), 2022, 44(3): 685-693.
12
BRIAN A, PENNELL A, HAIBACH-BEACH P, et al. Correlates of physical activity among children with visual impairments[J]. Disabil Health J, 2019, 12(2): 328-333.
13
EMERSON E, ROBERTSON J, BAINES S, et al. Obesity in British children with and without intellectual disability: cohort study[J]. BMC Public Health, 2016, 16: 644.
14
AYYILDIZ E, ARAS D, YAGIN F H, et al. Investigation of sports participation motivation in people with disabilities: a cross-sectional study of individuals with physical and hearing impairments[J]. BMC Sports Sci Med Rehabil, 2024, 16(1): 56.
15
BURO A W, GRAY H L, IRBY R S, et al. Diet quality in an ethnically diverse sample of children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorder compared with nationally representative data[J]. Disabil Health J, 2021, 14(1): 100981.
16
KINLEN D, CODY D, O'SHEA D. Complications of obesity[J]. QJM Int J Med, 2018, 111(7): 437-443.
17
GAO L, LIU X N. Oral Health status of disabled children and adolescents in China[J]. Chin J Dent Res, 2023, 26(3): 171-177.
18
YOU W, XIA B, DENTISTRY D P. Oral health promotion and maintenance of mental/intellectual disabled children[J]. Int J Stomatol, 2018, 45(4): 492-496.
19
PU C, HOU C H. Ophthalmic health care needs of children with disabilities[J]. EyeLond), 2024, 38(3): 481-487.
20
AKINCI A, ONER O, BOZKURT O H, et al. Refractive errors and ocular findings in children with intellectual disability: a controlled study[J]. J AAPOS, 2008, 12(5): 477-481.
21
JAIN A, BOYD N, PAULSEN C, et al. Ophthalmologic and neuro-ophthalmologic findings in children with down syndrome[J]. Am J Med Genet C Semin Med Genet, 2023, 193(4): e32068.
22
CHANG M Y, DOPPEE D, YU F, et al. Prevalence of ophthalmologic diagnoses in children with autism spectrum disorder using the optum dataset: a population-based study[J]. Am J Ophthalmol, 2021, 221(1): 147-153.
23
MCBRIDE G R, STEPHENSON A J, COMER G, et al. The use of oral midazolam to facilitate the ophthalmic examination of children with autism and developmental disorders[J]. J Autism Dev Disord, 2021, 51(5): 1678-1682.
24
RAST J E, ROUX A M, CONNOR G, et al. The medical home and mental health services in children and youth with special health care needs[J]. Matern Child Health J, 2023, 27(6): 1097-1106.
25
KING T L, MILNER A, AITKEN, et al. Mental health of adolescents: variations by borderline intellectual functioning and disability[J]. Eur Child Adolesc Psych, 2019, 28(9): 1231-1240.
26
王滔, 李潇. 残疾儿童心理健康内涵及结构初探[J]. 残疾人研究, 2021(1): 79-87.
WANG T, LI X. Preliminary study on the connotation and structure of mental health of children with disabilties[J]. Disabil Res, 2021(1): 79-87. (in Chinese)
27
HORWOOD L, LI P, MOK E, et al. A systematic review and Meta-analysis of the prevalence of sleep problems in children with cerebral palsy: how do children with cerebral palsy differ from each other and from typically developing children?[J]. Sleep Health, 2019, 5(6): 555-571.
28
KÖSE S, YILMAZ H, OCAKOĜLU F T, et al. Sleep problems in children with autism spectrum disorder and intellectual disability without autism spectrum disorder[J]. Sleep Med, 2017, 40(12): 69-77.
29
LIU X, LIU L, WANG R. Bed sharing, sleep habits, and sleep problems among Chinese school-aged children[J]. Sleep, 2003, 26(7): 839-844.
30
SHI X, SHI J, WHEELER, STALLONES L, et al. Unintentional injuries in children with disabilities: a systematic review and Meta-analysis[J]. Inj Epidemiol, 2015, 2(1): 21.
31
LEGANO L A, DESCH L W, MESSNER S A, et al. Maltreatment of children with disabilities[J]. Pediatrics, 2021, 147(5): 401-411.
32
GAO Q, XIANG H, XIANG Y T, et al. Deliberate self-harm among children with disabilities in China: a matched case-control study[J]. Pediatr Res, 2019, 85(3): 275-282.
33
李荣时. 中国1987年残疾人抽样调查概要[J]. 人口研究, 1988, 12(3): 24-26.
LI R S. Summary of the sampling survey of disabled persons in China from 1987[J]. Popul Res, 1988, 12(3): 24-26. (in Chinese)
34
中国残疾人联合会. 2006年第二次全国残疾人抽样调查主要数据公报(第一号)[EB/OL]. (2008-04-07)[2024-09-01]. https://www.cdpf.org.cn//zwgk/zccx/dcsj/9ff8c67574af479dabaf6ac21b5305f4.htm.
35
中华人民共和国教育部. 国务院办公厅关于转发教育部等部门"十四五"特殊教育发展提升行动计划的通知[EB/OL]. (2021-12-31)[2024-09-01]. http://www.moe.gov.cn/jyb_xxgk/moe_1777/moe_1778/202201/t20220125_596312.html.
2025年第46卷第2期
PDF下载
12
6
引用本文
BibTeX
文章信息
doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2025035
  • 接收时间:2024-09-09
  • 首发时间:2026-11-06
  • 出版时间:2025-02-25
补充材料
相关文章
文章信息
作者
出版历史
  • 收稿日期:2024-09-09
  • 修回日期:2024-11-14
基金
国家自然基金项目(82273655)
作者信息
    天津医科大学公共卫生学院,天津 300070
参考文献
分享链接
https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/zgxxws/CN/10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2025035
分享至
全文二维码

扫描看全文

引用本文
BibTeX
本文的引用情况
2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)
属
Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
关闭全屏