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Article(id=1325502182304391774, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, issueId=1325502070660407522, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2024331, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1721577600000, receivedDateStr=2024-07-22, revisedDate=1727020800000, revisedDateStr=2024-09-23, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1793953946901, onlineDateStr=2026-11-06, pubDate=1748102400000, pubDateStr=2025-05-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1793953946901, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-11-06, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1793953946901, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1793953946901, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1325502070660407522, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, year='2025', volume='46', issue='5', pageStart='609', pageEnd='760', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1748102400000', pubDateStr='2025-05-25', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1793953920283, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1793953920283, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext=null, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=694, endPage=698, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1325502182501524063, articleId=1325502182304391774, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, language=EN, title=Longitudinal association of dietary behavior scores trajectories with anxiety and depression symptoms among middle school students in Jiading District, Shanghai, columnId=1259565855189418448, journalTitle=Chinese Journal of School Health, columnName=Mental Health, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

To analyze the trajectory of dietary behaviors among middle school students in Jiading District, Shanghai, from 2021 to 2023, and longitudinally verify their association with anxiety and depression symptoms, aiming to provide scientific evidence for promoting the mental health of adolescents.

Methods

The data were sourced from the National Monitoring and Intervention Project on Common Diseases and Health Impact Factors of students in Jiading District, Shanghai. A total of 1 217 middle school students who participated in at least two surveys from 2021 to 2023 were selected as the research objects, and group-based trajectory model was constructed to identify their dietary behavior scores trajectories. Modified Poisson regression was used to investigate the impact of dietary behavior scores trajectories on anxiety and depression, while Logistic regression was employed to explore the association between trajectories and changes in depression score levels.

Results

The dietary behavior scores trajectories of middle school students were divided into three groups: Persistent Healthy Dietary Behavior (9.5%), Persistent Relatively Unhealthy Dietary Behavior (85.0%), and Persistent Very Unhealthy Dietary Behavior (5.5%). Students who perceived their academic performance as poor and whose parents had a cultural level of high school or below had a significantly lower proportion in the Persistent Healthy Dietary Behavior group compared to students with other characteristics (χ2=12.87, 8.69, 6.50, P < 0.05). Compared with the Persistent Healthy Dietary Behavior group, the risk of anxiety symptoms in middle school students in the Persistent Very Unhealthy Dietary Behavior group was significantly increased (aRR=3.04, 95%CI=1.15-8.02); Persistent Relatively Unhealthy Dietary Behavior and Persistent Very Unhealthy Dietary Behavior increased the risk of depressive symptoms (aRR=1.80, 2.45, respectively), and were positively correlated with the increase in depression scores (aOR=1.70, 2.24) (P < 0.05).

Conclusions

The dietary behavior of middle school students have not changed significantly in the past three years, with persistent unhealthy dietary behavior being the most common. Unhealthy dietary behaviors are positively correlated with the risk of anxiety and depressive symptoms and an increase in depression scores.

, authors=Min TONG1, Xinxin LIU2, qin ZHANG2, Guangzhuang JING1, Yanhong ZHU*, 2, Huijing SHI*, 1, authorsList=Min TONG, Xinxin LIU, qin ZHANG, Guangzhuang JING, Yanhong ZHU, Huijing SHI, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Yanhong ZHU, Huijing SHI, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=Copyright ©2025 Chinese Journal of School Health. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1325502182828679776, articleId=1325502182304391774, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, language=CN, title=上海市嘉定区中学生饮食行为评分轨迹与焦虑抑郁症状的纵向关联, columnId=1259565858817491410, journalTitle=中国学校卫生, columnName=心理卫生, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
目的

分析上海市嘉定区中学生饮食行为在2021—2023年内变化轨迹，纵向验证其与焦虑抑郁症状之间的关联，为促进青少年心理健康提供科学依据。

方法

数据源于上海市嘉定区学生常见病和健康影响因素监测与干预项目。选取2021—2023年至少参与2次调查的1 217名初、高中学生为研究对象，构建组基轨迹模型识别其饮食行为评分轨迹，分别采用修正Poisson回归和Logistic回归分析不同饮食行为评分轨迹对焦虑抑郁症状的影响及其与抑郁评分变化水平的关联。

结果

中学生饮食行为评分轨迹可分为“持续健康饮食行为”(9.5%)、“持续相对不健康饮食行为”(85.0%)和“持续非常不健康饮食行为”(5.5%)3组。自感学习成绩较差、父母文化水平在高中及以下的中学生，其饮食行为评分轨迹中持续健康饮食行为组占比低于其他组学生(χ2值分别为12.87，8.69，6.50，P值均＜0.05)。与持续健康饮食行为组相比，持续非常不健康饮食行为组的中学生出现焦虑症状的可能性升高(aRR=3.04，95%CI=1.15~8.02)；持续相对不健康饮食行为组和持续非常不健康饮食行为组均增加抑郁症状的检出风险(aRR值分别为1.80，2.45)，并与抑郁症状评分增加均呈正相关(aOR值分别为1.70，2.24)(P值均＜0.05)。

结论

中学生饮食行为在2021—2023年间变化不大，且持续不健康饮食行为最为常见。不健康饮食行为与焦虑抑郁症状的检出风险及抑郁症状评分增加呈正相关。

, authors=童敏1, 刘欣欣2, 张琴2, 井光壮1, 朱琰泓*, 2, 史慧静*, 1, authorsList=童敏, 刘欣欣, 张琴, 井光壮, 朱琰泓, 史慧静, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=朱琰泓, 史慧静, authorNote=

童敏(1999-)，女，安徽安庆人，在读硕士，主要研究方向为儿少卫生与妇幼保健学

, correspAuthorsNote=
朱琰泓，E-mail:
史慧静，E-mail:
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The relationship between dietary quality, serum brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) level, and the Val66met polymorphism in predicting depression[J]. 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Comparison of dietary behavior scores trajectories among middle school students with different demographoc characteristics

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人口学指标人数持续健康饮食行为持续相对不健康饮食行为持续非常不健康饮食行为χ2值P值
性别
  男74559(7.92)643(86.31)43(5.77)5.370.07
  女47256(11.86)392(83.05)24(5.09)
自感学习成绩
  较好50461(12.10)416(82.54)27(5.35)12.870.01
  一般44137(8.39)386(87.53)18(4.08)
  较差27217(6.25)233(85.66)22(8.09)
住校
  是1126(5.36)97(86.61)9(8.03)3.660.16
  否1 105109(9.86)938(84.89)58(5.25)
自感家庭经济
  较好44837(8.26)391(87.28)20(4.46)4.260.37
  一般69071(10.29)579(83.91)40(5.80)
  较差797(8.86)65(82.28)7(8.86)
父亲文化水平
  高中及以下47040(8.51)393(83.62)37(7.87)8.690.01
  大专及以上74775(10.04)642(85.94)30(4.02)
母亲文化水平
  高中及以下48738(7.80)414(85.01)35(7.19)6.500.04
  大专及以上73077(10.55)621(85.07)32(4.38)
), ArticleFig(id=1325502191238259345, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, articleId=1325502182304391774, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

不同人口学特征中学生饮食行为评分轨迹分布

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
人口学指标人数持续健康饮食行为持续相对不健康饮食行为持续非常不健康饮食行为χ2值P值
性别
  男74559(7.92)643(86.31)43(5.77)5.370.07
  女47256(11.86)392(83.05)24(5.09)
自感学习成绩
  较好50461(12.10)416(82.54)27(5.35)12.870.01
  一般44137(8.39)386(87.53)18(4.08)
  较差27217(6.25)233(85.66)22(8.09)
住校
  是1126(5.36)97(86.61)9(8.03)3.660.16
  否1 105109(9.86)938(84.89)58(5.25)
自感家庭经济
  较好44837(8.26)391(87.28)20(4.46)4.260.37
  一般69071(10.29)579(83.91)40(5.80)
  较差797(8.86)65(82.28)7(8.86)
父亲文化水平
  高中及以下47040(8.51)393(83.62)37(7.87)8.690.01
  大专及以上74775(10.04)642(85.94)30(4.02)
母亲文化水平
  高中及以下48738(7.80)414(85.01)35(7.19)6.500.04
  大专及以上73077(10.55)621(85.07)32(4.38)
), ArticleFig(id=1325502191624135314, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, articleId=1325502182304391774, language=EN, label=Tab.2, caption=

Modified Poisson regression analysis of the impact of dietary behavior scores trajectories on anxiety and depression symptoms among middle school students

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
组别人数焦虑症状a抑郁症状b
检出人数检出率/%χ2值aRR值(95%CI)检出人数检出率/%χ2值aRR值(95%CI)
持续健康饮食行为6669.096.29*1.001015.1511.67**1.00
持续相对不健康饮食行为6336410.111.26(0.57~2.76)17127.011.80(1.09~2.98)*
持续非常不健康饮食行为34823.533.04(1.15~8.02)*1647.062.45(1.34~4.48)**
), ArticleFig(id=1325502192014205587, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, articleId=1325502182304391774, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

中学生饮食行为评分轨迹对焦虑抑郁症状影响的修正Poisson回归分析

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
组别人数焦虑症状a抑郁症状b
检出人数检出率/%χ2值aRR值(95%CI)检出人数检出率/%χ2值aRR值(95%CI)
持续健康饮食行为6669.096.29*1.001015.1511.67**1.00
持续相对不健康饮食行为6336410.111.26(0.57~2.76)17127.011.80(1.09~2.98)*
持续非常不健康饮食行为34823.533.04(1.15~8.02)*1647.062.45(1.34~4.48)**
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上海市嘉定区中学生饮食行为评分轨迹与焦虑抑郁症状的纵向关联
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童敏 1 , 刘欣欣 2 , 张琴 2 , 井光壮 1 , 朱琰泓 *, 2 , 史慧静 *, 1
中国学校卫生 | 心理卫生 2025,46(5): 694-698
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中国学校卫生 |心理卫生 2025 , 46 (5) : 694 -698
上海市嘉定区中学生饮食行为评分轨迹与焦虑抑郁症状的纵向关联
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童敏1, 刘欣欣2, 张琴2, 井光壮1, 朱琰泓*, 2 , 史慧静*, 1
作者信息
  • 1复旦大学公共卫生学院妇幼与儿少卫生教研室，上海 200032
  • 2上海市嘉定区疾病预防控制中心学校卫生与眼病防治科
通讯作者:
朱琰泓，E-mail:
史慧静，E-mail:
作者简介:

童敏(1999-)，女，安徽安庆人，在读硕士，主要研究方向为儿少卫生与妇幼保健学

Longitudinal association of dietary behavior scores trajectories with anxiety and depression symptoms among middle school students in Jiading District, Shanghai
Min TONG1, Xinxin LIU2, qin ZHANG2, Guangzhuang JING1, Yanhong ZHU*, 2 , Huijing SHI*, 1
Affiliations
  • 1Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai (200032), China
出版时间: 2025-05-25 doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2024331
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摘要
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目的

分析上海市嘉定区中学生饮食行为在2021—2023年内变化轨迹，纵向验证其与焦虑抑郁症状之间的关联，为促进青少年心理健康提供科学依据。

方法

数据源于上海市嘉定区学生常见病和健康影响因素监测与干预项目。选取2021—2023年至少参与2次调查的1 217名初、高中学生为研究对象，构建组基轨迹模型识别其饮食行为评分轨迹，分别采用修正Poisson回归和Logistic回归分析不同饮食行为评分轨迹对焦虑抑郁症状的影响及其与抑郁评分变化水平的关联。

结果

中学生饮食行为评分轨迹可分为“持续健康饮食行为”(9.5%)、“持续相对不健康饮食行为”(85.0%)和“持续非常不健康饮食行为”(5.5%)3组。自感学习成绩较差、父母文化水平在高中及以下的中学生，其饮食行为评分轨迹中持续健康饮食行为组占比低于其他组学生(χ2值分别为12.87，8.69，6.50，P值均＜0.05)。与持续健康饮食行为组相比，持续非常不健康饮食行为组的中学生出现焦虑症状的可能性升高(aRR=3.04，95%CI=1.15~8.02)；持续相对不健康饮食行为组和持续非常不健康饮食行为组均增加抑郁症状的检出风险(aRR值分别为1.80，2.45)，并与抑郁症状评分增加均呈正相关(aOR值分别为1.70，2.24)(P值均＜0.05)。

结论

中学生饮食行为在2021—2023年间变化不大，且持续不健康饮食行为最为常见。不健康饮食行为与焦虑抑郁症状的检出风险及抑郁症状评分增加呈正相关。

饮食习惯  /  焦虑  /  抑郁  /  精神卫生  /  回归分析  /  学生
Objective

To analyze the trajectory of dietary behaviors among middle school students in Jiading District, Shanghai, from 2021 to 2023, and longitudinally verify their association with anxiety and depression symptoms, aiming to provide scientific evidence for promoting the mental health of adolescents.

Methods

The data were sourced from the National Monitoring and Intervention Project on Common Diseases and Health Impact Factors of students in Jiading District, Shanghai. A total of 1 217 middle school students who participated in at least two surveys from 2021 to 2023 were selected as the research objects, and group-based trajectory model was constructed to identify their dietary behavior scores trajectories. Modified Poisson regression was used to investigate the impact of dietary behavior scores trajectories on anxiety and depression, while Logistic regression was employed to explore the association between trajectories and changes in depression score levels.

Results

The dietary behavior scores trajectories of middle school students were divided into three groups: Persistent Healthy Dietary Behavior (9.5%), Persistent Relatively Unhealthy Dietary Behavior (85.0%), and Persistent Very Unhealthy Dietary Behavior (5.5%). Students who perceived their academic performance as poor and whose parents had a cultural level of high school or below had a significantly lower proportion in the Persistent Healthy Dietary Behavior group compared to students with other characteristics (χ2=12.87, 8.69, 6.50, P < 0.05). Compared with the Persistent Healthy Dietary Behavior group, the risk of anxiety symptoms in middle school students in the Persistent Very Unhealthy Dietary Behavior group was significantly increased (aRR=3.04, 95%CI=1.15-8.02); Persistent Relatively Unhealthy Dietary Behavior and Persistent Very Unhealthy Dietary Behavior increased the risk of depressive symptoms (aRR=1.80, 2.45, respectively), and were positively correlated with the increase in depression scores (aOR=1.70, 2.24) (P < 0.05).

Conclusions

The dietary behavior of middle school students have not changed significantly in the past three years, with persistent unhealthy dietary behavior being the most common. Unhealthy dietary behaviors are positively correlated with the risk of anxiety and depressive symptoms and an increase in depression scores.

Food habits  /  Anxiety  /  Depression  /  Mental health  /  Regression analysis  /  Students
童敏, 刘欣欣, 张琴, 井光壮, 朱琰泓, 史慧静. 上海市嘉定区中学生饮食行为评分轨迹与焦虑抑郁症状的纵向关联. 中国学校卫生, 2025 , 46 (5) : 694 -698 . DOI: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2024331
Min TONG, Xinxin LIU, qin ZHANG, Guangzhuang JING, Yanhong ZHU, Huijing SHI. Longitudinal association of dietary behavior scores trajectories with anxiety and depression symptoms among middle school students in Jiading District, Shanghai[J]. Chinese Journal of School Health, 2025 , 46 (5) : 694 -698 . DOI: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2024331
正文
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青春期是生长发育的关键时期，也是大脑认知功能和情感发展的重要阶段，这一时期的个体容易出现焦虑、抑郁症状等心理问题[1]。美国儿童青少年焦虑、抑郁症状检出率分别为7.1%和3.2%[2]，发展中国家这一比例更是高达21.4%和17.2%[3]。一项在2021年我国5省份开展的研究发现，中学生焦虑、抑郁症状检出率分别为13.97%和19.70%[4]。青少年焦虑抑郁症状不仅与斗殴、吸烟和酗酒等危险行为紧密相关[5]，还可能进一步引发自伤、自杀等严重后果[6]，甚至增加成年后患精神疾病的风险[7]。
流行病学研究显示，饮食因素在青少年心理健康中占据重要地位[8]。具体而言，青少年常见的不健康饮食行为，如蔬果摄入不足、不吃早餐、偏好含糖饮料等，与焦虑抑郁症状的检出风险均呈正相关[9]；而健康饮食行为则与其呈负相关[10]。为此，本研究基于上海市嘉定区学生常见病和健康影响因素监测与干预项目，制定中学生饮食行为评分并绘制其变化轨迹，分析饮食行为评分轨迹对焦虑抑郁症状的影响，为促进青少年心理健康提供科学依据。
1　对象与方法
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1.1　对象
本研究数据源于上海市嘉定区学生常见病和健康影响因素监测与干预项目，方便抽取5所学校(2所初中、2所高中、1所中等职业学校)作为监测点，涵盖监测学校所有年级，以整班为单位开展调查。选取2021—2023年至少有2次调查数据的中学生为研究对象，涵盖初中生、普通高中生和职高生。3次调查分别回收有效问卷1 340，1 317和1 333份，排除仅有1次调查数据者，最终纳入1 217名进行识别饮食行为评分轨迹分析，其中男生745名，女生472名；3次调查对象平均年龄分别为(14.47±1.63)(15.06±1.79)(15.33±1.61)岁。
1.2　方法
1.2.1　一般情况
采用问卷调查研究对象一般人口学特征，包括性别、自感学习成绩、父母文化水平等。该问卷来源于《全国学生常见病和健康影响因素监测与干预工作方案》[11]，由学生本人填写。
1.2.2　饮食行为评分
采用问卷调查收集研究对象过去一周饮食行为信息。参考《中国居民膳食指南(2022)》[12]推荐并结合实际调查数据，本研究将不喝含糖饮料、不吃油炸食物、每天吃新鲜蔬菜、每天吃新鲜水果及每天吃早餐定义为健康饮食行为。以上5项指标构成饮食行为评估核心，每符合一项标准记为1分，否则为0分，总分为0~5分，分数越低表示饮食行为越不健康。
1.2.3　抑郁症状
采用流调中心用抑郁量表(Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale, CES-D)[13]评估中学生抑郁症状。量表共20个条目，每个条目得分为0~3分，其中4，8，12，16题反向计分，其他条目正向计分。总分为0~60分，得分越高表示抑郁症状程度越高，≥16分判定为有抑郁症状。CES-D广泛应用于青少年抑郁症状的筛查，信、效度良好，Cronbach α系数为0.90[14]。
1.2.4　焦虑症状
采用广泛性焦虑障碍量表(Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7, GAD-7)[15]评估中学生过去2周的焦虑症状。量表包含7个条目，每个条目得分为0~3分，总分为0~21分，得分越高表示焦虑程度越高，≥10分判定为有焦虑症状。GAD-7内部一致性系数为0.867，重测信度系数为0.823[16]。
1.3　质量控制
本研究项目严格遵循《上海市学生常见病和健康影响因素监测与干预工作手册》执行。在正式调查前对调查人员进行统一培训，培训内容涵盖调查目的、问卷内容及注意事项等，并由专业人员负责指导学生填写问卷。调查结束后仔细核查回收问卷的完整性和有效性。
1.4　统计学分析
使用Stata 17.0和SPSS 26.0软件进行统计分析。计数资料用频数或百分率描述，组间比较采用χ2检验。采用组基轨迹模型(group-based trajectory model, GBTM)拟合中学生饮食行为评分轨迹，根据贝叶斯信息准则(Bayesian information criterion, BIC)最小，熵值(Entropy)>0.8，各组平均后验概率(average posterior probability, Avepp)>0.7，且各组样本量不小于总样本量的5%等原则选择最优分组[17]。使用修正Poisson回归分析饮食行为评分轨迹对焦虑抑郁症状的影响。此外，考虑到抑郁情绪可用分数进行量化，而非简单的“有”或“无”，故进一步使用Logistic回归分析饮食行为评分轨迹与间隔1年调查抑郁症状评分变化水平(>0分组，≤0分组)的关联。因焦虑症状仅有2023年的调查数据，尚无法分析饮食行为评分轨迹与其变化水平的关联。检验水准α=0.05。
2　结果
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2.1　中学生饮食行为评分轨迹
设定亚组数为1~5，多次拟合中学生饮食行为评分轨迹。当潜在类别数设为3时，BIC值最小(-4 012.65)，Entropy=0.803，各组别Avepp均>0.7(分别为0.83，0.93，0.79)，模型拟合参数良好。因此，本研究将中学生饮食行为评分轨迹分为3组：持续健康饮食行为组115名(9.5%)，该组学生饮食行为评分在调查期间始终处于较高水平，基本能做到每天吃早餐、新鲜蔬菜和水果，以及避免含糖饮料和油炸食品摄入；持续相对不健康饮食行为组1 035名(85.0%)，其饮食行为评分处于中等水平，饮食习惯不如持续健康饮食行为组；持续非常不健康饮食行为组67名(5.5%)，其饮食行为评分始终偏低，存在频繁摄入含糖饮料和油炸食品、不能做到每天吃早餐及蔬菜、水果等问题。3组学生的饮食行为评分在调查期间保持稳定，均无明显变化趋势。
2.2　不同特征中学生饮食行为评分轨迹比较
不同自感学习成绩、父亲及母亲文化水平组的中学生饮食行为评分轨迹分布的差异均有统计学意义(P值均＜0.05)。自感学习成绩较差者中“持续非常不健康饮食行为”占比高于自感学习成绩较好和一般者；父亲或母亲文化水平为大专及以上的学生其饮食行为评分轨迹为“持续非常不健康饮食行为”的占比均低于高中及以下文化水平组。见表1。
2.3　中学生饮食行为评分轨迹对焦虑抑郁症状的影响
2023年共调查1 333名中学生，其焦虑、抑郁症状检出率分别为11.25%(150名)和29.71%(396名)。经匹配，733名同时具有饮食行为评分轨迹类别和焦虑抑郁症状调查的数据。持续相对不健康饮食行为和持续非常不健康饮食行为轨迹组中学生焦虑症状检出率分别为10.11%和23.53%，抑郁症状检出率分别为27.01%和47.06%，均高于持续健康饮食行为组(9.09%和15.15%)。采用修正Poisson回归分析，将饮食行为评分轨迹作为自变量，分别以是否出现焦虑、抑郁症状(均以无为参照组)作为结局变量纳入回归模型，结果显示，持续非常不健康饮食行为组中学生检出焦虑症状的概率是持续健康饮食行为组的3.04倍(aRR=3.04)；与持续健康饮食行为组的中学生相比，持续相对不健康饮食行为组和持续非常不健康饮食行为组中学生抑郁症状检出概率分别为1.80(aRR=1.80)和2.45倍(aRR=2.45)(P值均＜0.05)。见表2。
3年调查期间，53.08%(466名)的学生间隔1年出现抑郁症状评分增加。将饮食行为评分轨迹与抑郁症状评分变化水平关联后发现，持续相对不健康饮食行为组和持续非常不健康饮食行为组的学生间隔1年后抑郁症状评分增加的比例分别达到53.74%(402名)和58.00%(29名)，均高于持续健康饮食行为组(43.75%，35名)。采用Logistic回归分析饮食行为评分轨迹与抑郁症状评分变化水平的关联，结果显示，与持续健康饮食行为组的中学生相比，持续相对不健康饮食行为组[aOR(95%CI)=1.70(1.04~2.80)]和持续非常不健康饮食行为组学生[aOR(95%CI)=2.24(1.05~4.78)]与抑郁症状评分增加均呈正相关(P值均＜0.05)。
3　讨论
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本研究中，85.0%的中学生被归于持续相对不健康饮食行为组，持续健康饮食行为组的学生仅占9.5%，与上海市先前一项研究结果[18]较为一致。严杰等[19]在重庆市4个区县开展的调查也指出，仅16.3%的中学生具备良好饮食行为，分别有75.3%和8.4%存在1~3和4~6种不良饮食行为。值得注意的是，本研究3年调查期间，各组学生饮食行为评分轨迹均无明显变化趋势。可能是青少年时期已建立相对固定的食物选择和饮食习惯，这些习惯一旦形成，在短时间内难以改变。因此，为有效促进中学生形成并维持健康饮食行为模式，干预策略应提前至小学阶段甚至是学龄前期，尽早培养并强化科学的饮食习惯。进一步分析显示，自感学习成绩较差、父亲或母亲文化水平在高中及以下的学生，饮食行为轨迹中“持续非常不健康饮食行为”的占比高于其他特征组的学生，而“持续健康饮食行为”的占比低于其他特征组的学生，与既往研究基本一致[20-22]，提示这部分群体需要特别关注并实施针对性的干预措施。
与2021年在上海市青浦区开展的一项调查相比[23]，本研究中学生焦虑症状检出率较低(11.25%，16.51%)，而抑郁症状检出率较高(29.71%，21.15%)，可能是因为研究对象及所使用的评估量表不同。此外，本研究中53.08%的学生在间隔1年后出现抑郁症状评分增加，与余新连等[24]研究相符。本研究还发现，相较于持续健康饮食行为组，持续相对不健康饮食行为组和持续非常不健康饮食行为组的中学生更可能出现焦虑、抑郁症状，且与间隔1年后抑郁症状评分增加呈正相关。既往研究指出，含糖饮料摄入量与中国青少年焦虑症状存在剂量反应关系[25]，不吃早餐也与高中生焦虑症状呈正相关[26]。重庆一项横断面调查结果显示，不良饮食行为与中学生抑郁症状呈正相关，每增加1种不良饮食行为，抑郁症状的发生风险增加1.38倍[19]。动物实验亦发现饮食行为对焦虑抑郁情绪的影响，如长期高脂饮食易诱发小鼠出现焦虑抑郁样行为[27]。不健康饮食行为影响焦虑抑郁情绪的可能机制在于刺激促炎因子，导致与情绪相关的肠道菌群失调[28]，影响神经递质代谢、神经内分泌功能和神经可塑性[29]等。然而，也有研究指出心理健康与饮食行为相互预测，具有焦虑抑郁症状的学生反之更有可能采取不健康饮食行为[18]，未来研究可进一步深入探讨两者之间关联的复杂性。
本研究也存在一定的局限性：由于数据收集的限制，本研究未充分考虑食物多样性及摄入量等对研究结果的潜在影响；此外，焦虑症状自2023年才开始调查，尚无法分析饮食行为评分轨迹与焦虑评分变化水平的关联，后续研究可针对这些局限进行补充分析，以期获得更全面的研究视角。
基金
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  • 上海市第六轮加强公共卫生体系建设三年行动计划重点学科建设项目(GWVI-11.1-32)；复旦大学公共卫生学院-嘉定区卫生健康委公共卫生高质量发展重点学科、重点专项(GWGZLXK-2023-04)
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2025年第46卷第5期
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doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2024331
  • 接收时间：2024-07-22
  • 首发时间：2026-11-06
  • 出版时间：2025-05-25
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  • 收稿日期：2024-07-22
  • 修回日期：2024-09-23
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上海市第六轮加强公共卫生体系建设三年行动计划重点学科建设项目(GWVI-11.1-32)；复旦大学公共卫生学院-嘉定区卫生健康委公共卫生高质量发展重点学科、重点专项(GWGZLXK-2023-04)
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    1复旦大学公共卫生学院妇幼与儿少卫生教研室，上海 200032
    2上海市嘉定区疾病预防控制中心学校卫生与眼病防治科

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family		 属数
Number of
genus		 种数
Number of
species		 占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)		 属
Genus		 种数
Number of
species		 占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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