Article(id=1325502349816504336, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, issueId=1325502070660407522, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2024329, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1721145600000, receivedDateStr=2024-07-17, revisedDate=1726070400000, revisedDateStr=2024-09-12, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1793953986839, onlineDateStr=2026-11-06, pubDate=1748102400000, pubDateStr=2025-05-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1793953986839, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-11-06, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1793953986839, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1793953986839, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1325502070660407522, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, year='2025', volume='46', issue='5', pageStart='609', pageEnd='760', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1748102400000', pubDateStr='2025-05-25', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1793953920283, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1793953920283, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext=null, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=662, endPage=666, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1325502353515880465, articleId=1325502349816504336, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, language=EN, title=Alternative benefits of 24-hour activity behavior on the physical shape and cardiorespiratory endurance of middle school students with central obesity, columnId=1259565859148804482, journalTitle=Chinese Journal of School Health, columnName=Health Education and Promotion, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

To investigate the health benefits of 24-hour activity behavioral changes on the physical shape and cardiorespiratory endurance of middle school students with central obesity, so as to provide a basis for improving the health status of middle school students with central obesity.

Methods

From October to December 2022, a total of 362 middle school students with central obesity were recruited from 4 middle schools (2 senior high schools and 2 junior high schools) in Dalian by using the random number table method. The 24-hour activity behavior was understood using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire short form and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index. The height, weight, waist circumference, body fat percentage, lung capacity, heart function index, maximum oxygen uptake (VO2max) of the subjects were measured, and body mass index (BMI) and waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) were calculated. Physical shape and cardiorespiratory endurance indicators were normalized, and the component regression was used to explore the correlation between 24-hour activity behavior and physical shape, as well as cardiorespiratory endurance; finally, an isochronous replacement model was established.

Results

The results of the component regression showed that sleep of the participants was positively correlated with BMI, waist circumference, and WHtR (β=2.35, 5.21, 0.01); and sedentary behavior (SB) was negatively correlated with lung capacity and VO2max (β=-392.45, -1.01), and positively correlated with BMI, waist circumference, WHtR, body fat percentage and cardiac function index (β=4.67, 5.10, 0.14, 3.53, 0.29) (P < 0.05). Low physical activity (LPA) was negatively correlated with BMI, WHtR, body fat percentage and cardiac function index (β=-2.03, -3.70, -0.82), and positively correlated with lung capacity and VO2max (β=322.23, 0.50) (P < 0.05). Moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) had a negative correlation with BMI, waist circumference, WHtR, body fat percentage and heart function index (β=-0.48, -1.20, -0.20, -4.53, -1.12), and a positive correlation with lung capacity and VO2max (β=393.13, 1.51) (P < 0.05). Increasing MVPA for 30 minutes while reducing SB resulted in a decrease of 0.17-2.05 units in BMI, waist circumference, WHtR, body fat percentage and heart function index, and an increase of 0.38-0.43 units in lung capacity and VO2max (P < 0.05). When MVPA was replaced by SB, the negative benefits were the greatest, with BMI, waist circumference, WHtR, body fat percentage and heart function index increasing by 0.23-3.06 units (P < 0.05).

Conclusions

Shifts in the 24-hour behavior pattern among obese middle school students may result in significant health benefits. Increasing MVPA by 30 minutes per day while reducing SB can reduce waist circumference, WHtR and body fat percentage, while also improve cardiorespiratory endurance.

, authors=Hui LI, Le WANG, authorsList=Hui LI, Le WANG, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=null, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=Copyright ©2025 Chinese Journal of School Health. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1325502357810847762, articleId=1325502349816504336, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, language=CN, title=24 h活动行为对中心性肥胖中学生身体形态与心肺耐力影响的替代效益, columnId=1259565859903779205, journalTitle=中国学校卫生, columnName=健康教育与健康促进, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
目的

探究24 h活动行为改变对中心性肥胖中学生身体形态与心肺耐力产生的健康效益,为改善中心性肥胖中学生的健康状况提供参考依据。

方法

2022年10—12月,采用随机数字表法从大连市4所中学(2所高中、2所初中)招募362名中心性肥胖中学生。使用国际体力活动问卷短卷与匹兹堡睡眠质量指数量表了解学生24 h活动行为;测量受试者的身高、体重、腰围与体脂率、肺活量、心功能指数、最大摄氧量(VO2max),计算体质量指数(BMI)、腰围身高比(WHtR);将身体形态与心肺耐力指标进行归一化,使用成分回归探究24 h活动行为与身体形态、心肺耐力之间的关联性;最终建立等时替代模型。

结果

成分回归结果显示,受试者睡眠与BMI、腰围、WHtR均呈正相关(β值分别为2.35,5.21,0.01);久坐行为(SB)与肺活量、VO2max均呈负相关(β值分别为-392.45,-1.01),与BMI、腰围、WHtR、体脂率、心功能指数均呈正相关(β值分别为4.67,5.10,0.14,3.53,0.29);低等强度体力活动(LPA)与BMI、体脂率、心功能指数均呈负相关(β值分别为-2.03,-3.70,-0.82),与肺活量、VO2max均呈正相关(β值分别为322.23,0.50);中高强度体力活动(MVPA)与BMI、腰围、WHtR、体脂率、心功能指数均呈负相关(β值分别为-0.48,-1.20,-0.20,-4.53,-1.12),与肺活量、VO2max均呈正相关(β值分别为393.13,1.51)(P值均 < 0.05)。增加30 min的MVPA同时减少SB对BMI、腰围、WHtR、体脂率、心功能指数产生0.17~2.05个单位的降低效益,对肺活量、VO2max产生0.38~0.43个单位的增加;当MVPA被SB替代时产生的负效益最大,BMI、腰围、WHtR、体脂率、心功能指数将升高0.23~3.06个单位(P值均 < 0.05)。

结论

改变肥胖中学生的24 h行为模式能够产生明显健康效益,每天增加30 min的MVPA同时减少SB能够降低中学生的腰围、WHtR和体脂率,同时提高心肺耐力。

, authors=李辉, 王乐, authorsList=李辉, 王乐, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=null, authorNote=

李辉(1984-),男,山东日照人,硕士,副教授,主要研究方向为中学生体质健康与运动训练

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Pediatr Cardiol, 2018, 39(3): 466-472., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1325502383752618034, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, articleId=1325502349816504336, awardId=null, language=CN, fundingSource=教育部产学合作协同育人项目(230802500260113);辽宁省教育科学“十四五”规划2022年度课题(JG22CB222), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1325502361149513747, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, articleId=1325502349816504336, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1325502361464086548, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, articleId=1325502349816504336, companyId=1325502361149513747, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=Sports Department of Dalian Ocean University, Dalian (116023), Liaoning Province, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1325502361875128341, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, articleId=1325502349816504336, companyId=1325502361149513747, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=大连海洋大学体育部, 辽宁 116023)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1325502379084357677, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, articleId=1325502349816504336, language=EN, label=Tab.1, caption=

Principle component regression of association between 24-hour activity behavior, physical shape and cardiorespiratory endurance among middle school students(n=362, β)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量SLPSBLPAMVPA
BMI2.35**4.67**-2.03*-0.48**
腰围5.21*5.10*0.84-1.20**
WHtR0.01*0.14*-0.11-0.20*
体脂率2.023.53*-3.70*-4.53*
肺活量-393.10-392.45*322.23*393.13**
心功能指数0.630.29*-0.82*-1.12**
VO2max-0.50-1.01*0.50*1.51*
), ArticleFig(id=1325502379977744430, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, articleId=1325502349816504336, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

中学生24 h活动行为与身体形态、心肺耐力关联的成分回归分析(n=362,β值)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量SLPSBLPAMVPA
BMI2.35**4.67**-2.03*-0.48**
腰围5.21*5.10*0.84-1.20**
WHtR0.01*0.14*-0.11-0.20*
体脂率2.023.53*-3.70*-4.53*
肺活量-393.10-392.45*322.23*393.13**
心功能指数0.630.29*-0.82*-1.12**
VO2max-0.50-1.01*0.50*1.51*
), ArticleFig(id=1325502382045536304, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, articleId=1325502349816504336, language=EN, label=Tab.2, caption=

Substitution benefits of 30 minutes activity behavior as a substitute for physical shape and cardiorespiratory endurance among middle school students(n=362)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
指标身体行为SB↓LPA↓MVPA↓SLP↓
BMISB↑—0.161.92*0.03
LPA↑-0.16—1.57*-0.12
MVPA↑-1.29**-0.83*—-1.25*
SLP↑-0.040.131.79*—
腰围SB↑—0.063.06**0.09
LPA↑-0.07*—3.00*0.02
MVPA↑-2.05**-1.99**—-1.96**
SLP↑-0.090.032.97**—
WHtRSB↑—0.000.33*0.00
LPA↑0.13*—0.21*0.15
MVPA↑-0.27**0.11*—-0.19*
SLP↑0.080.050.11*—
体脂率SB↑—0.38**0.54**0.28*
LPA↑-0.37**—0.14*-0.09
MVPA↑-0.43**-0.05—-0.05
SLP↑-0.28*0.110.14*—
肺活量SB↑—0.38-0.41**0.28
LPA↑0.37*—-0.24*-0.09
MVPA↑0.43**0.25*—0.15*
SLP↑0.280.110.14—
心功能指数SB↑—0.18**0.23**-0.02
LPA↑-0.07*—0.17**-0.10
MVPA↑-0.17**0.08*—-0.09*
SLP↑0.020.100.13—
VO2maxSB↑—-0.17**-0.34**0.03
LPA↑-0.16*—-0.50**-0.12
MVPA↑0.38**0.28**—0.2**
SLP↑-0.04-0.13*-0.37**—
), ArticleFig(id=1325502382913757233, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, articleId=1325502349816504336, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

中学生30 min活动行为等时替代对身体形态、心肺耐力的替代效益(n=362)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
指标身体行为SB↓LPA↓MVPA↓SLP↓
BMISB↑—0.161.92*0.03
LPA↑-0.16—1.57*-0.12
MVPA↑-1.29**-0.83*—-1.25*
SLP↑-0.040.131.79*—
腰围SB↑—0.063.06**0.09
LPA↑-0.07*—3.00*0.02
MVPA↑-2.05**-1.99**—-1.96**
SLP↑-0.090.032.97**—
WHtRSB↑—0.000.33*0.00
LPA↑0.13*—0.21*0.15
MVPA↑-0.27**0.11*—-0.19*
SLP↑0.080.050.11*—
体脂率SB↑—0.38**0.54**0.28*
LPA↑-0.37**—0.14*-0.09
MVPA↑-0.43**-0.05—-0.05
SLP↑-0.28*0.110.14*—
肺活量SB↑—0.38-0.41**0.28
LPA↑0.37*—-0.24*-0.09
MVPA↑0.43**0.25*—0.15*
SLP↑0.280.110.14—
心功能指数SB↑—0.18**0.23**-0.02
LPA↑-0.07*—0.17**-0.10
MVPA↑-0.17**0.08*—-0.09*
SLP↑0.020.100.13—
VO2maxSB↑—-0.17**-0.34**0.03
LPA↑-0.16*—-0.50**-0.12
MVPA↑0.38**0.28**—0.2**
SLP↑-0.04-0.13*-0.37**—
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24 h活动行为对中心性肥胖中学生身体形态与心肺耐力影响的替代效益
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李辉 , 王乐
中国学校卫生 | 健康教育与健康促进 2025,46(5): 662-666
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中国学校卫生 |健康教育与健康促进 2025 , 46 (5) : 662 -666
24 h活动行为对中心性肥胖中学生身体形态与心肺耐力影响的替代效益
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李辉(1984-),男,山东日照人,硕士,副教授,主要研究方向为中学生体质健康与运动训练

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李辉, 王乐
作者信息
  • 大连海洋大学体育部, 辽宁 116023
作者简介:

李辉(1984-),男,山东日照人,硕士,副教授,主要研究方向为中学生体质健康与运动训练

Alternative benefits of 24-hour activity behavior on the physical shape and cardiorespiratory endurance of middle school students with central obesity
Hui LI, Le WANG
Affiliations
  • Sports Department of Dalian Ocean University, Dalian (116023), Liaoning Province, China
出版时间: 2025-05-25 doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2024329
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目的

探究24 h活动行为改变对中心性肥胖中学生身体形态与心肺耐力产生的健康效益,为改善中心性肥胖中学生的健康状况提供参考依据。

方法

2022年10—12月,采用随机数字表法从大连市4所中学(2所高中、2所初中)招募362名中心性肥胖中学生。使用国际体力活动问卷短卷与匹兹堡睡眠质量指数量表了解学生24 h活动行为;测量受试者的身高、体重、腰围与体脂率、肺活量、心功能指数、最大摄氧量(VO2max),计算体质量指数(BMI)、腰围身高比(WHtR);将身体形态与心肺耐力指标进行归一化,使用成分回归探究24 h活动行为与身体形态、心肺耐力之间的关联性;最终建立等时替代模型。

结果

成分回归结果显示,受试者睡眠与BMI、腰围、WHtR均呈正相关(β值分别为2.35,5.21,0.01);久坐行为(SB)与肺活量、VO2max均呈负相关(β值分别为-392.45,-1.01),与BMI、腰围、WHtR、体脂率、心功能指数均呈正相关(β值分别为4.67,5.10,0.14,3.53,0.29);低等强度体力活动(LPA)与BMI、体脂率、心功能指数均呈负相关(β值分别为-2.03,-3.70,-0.82),与肺活量、VO2max均呈正相关(β值分别为322.23,0.50);中高强度体力活动(MVPA)与BMI、腰围、WHtR、体脂率、心功能指数均呈负相关(β值分别为-0.48,-1.20,-0.20,-4.53,-1.12),与肺活量、VO2max均呈正相关(β值分别为393.13,1.51)(P值均 < 0.05)。增加30 min的MVPA同时减少SB对BMI、腰围、WHtR、体脂率、心功能指数产生0.17~2.05个单位的降低效益,对肺活量、VO2max产生0.38~0.43个单位的增加;当MVPA被SB替代时产生的负效益最大,BMI、腰围、WHtR、体脂率、心功能指数将升高0.23~3.06个单位(P值均 < 0.05)。

结论

改变肥胖中学生的24 h行为模式能够产生明显健康效益,每天增加30 min的MVPA同时减少SB能够降低中学生的腰围、WHtR和体脂率,同时提高心肺耐力。

运动活动  /  肥胖症  /  身体测量  /  心脏  /  肺  /  学生
Objective

To investigate the health benefits of 24-hour activity behavioral changes on the physical shape and cardiorespiratory endurance of middle school students with central obesity, so as to provide a basis for improving the health status of middle school students with central obesity.

Methods

From October to December 2022, a total of 362 middle school students with central obesity were recruited from 4 middle schools (2 senior high schools and 2 junior high schools) in Dalian by using the random number table method. The 24-hour activity behavior was understood using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire short form and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index. The height, weight, waist circumference, body fat percentage, lung capacity, heart function index, maximum oxygen uptake (VO2max) of the subjects were measured, and body mass index (BMI) and waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) were calculated. Physical shape and cardiorespiratory endurance indicators were normalized, and the component regression was used to explore the correlation between 24-hour activity behavior and physical shape, as well as cardiorespiratory endurance; finally, an isochronous replacement model was established.

Results

The results of the component regression showed that sleep of the participants was positively correlated with BMI, waist circumference, and WHtR (β=2.35, 5.21, 0.01); and sedentary behavior (SB) was negatively correlated with lung capacity and VO2max (β=-392.45, -1.01), and positively correlated with BMI, waist circumference, WHtR, body fat percentage and cardiac function index (β=4.67, 5.10, 0.14, 3.53, 0.29) (P < 0.05). Low physical activity (LPA) was negatively correlated with BMI, WHtR, body fat percentage and cardiac function index (β=-2.03, -3.70, -0.82), and positively correlated with lung capacity and VO2max (β=322.23, 0.50) (P < 0.05). Moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) had a negative correlation with BMI, waist circumference, WHtR, body fat percentage and heart function index (β=-0.48, -1.20, -0.20, -4.53, -1.12), and a positive correlation with lung capacity and VO2max (β=393.13, 1.51) (P < 0.05). Increasing MVPA for 30 minutes while reducing SB resulted in a decrease of 0.17-2.05 units in BMI, waist circumference, WHtR, body fat percentage and heart function index, and an increase of 0.38-0.43 units in lung capacity and VO2max (P < 0.05). When MVPA was replaced by SB, the negative benefits were the greatest, with BMI, waist circumference, WHtR, body fat percentage and heart function index increasing by 0.23-3.06 units (P < 0.05).

Conclusions

Shifts in the 24-hour behavior pattern among obese middle school students may result in significant health benefits. Increasing MVPA by 30 minutes per day while reducing SB can reduce waist circumference, WHtR and body fat percentage, while also improve cardiorespiratory endurance.

Motor activity  /  Obesity  /  Body size  /  Heart  /  Lung  /  Students
李辉, 王乐. 24 h活动行为对中心性肥胖中学生身体形态与心肺耐力影响的替代效益. 中国学校卫生, 2025 , 46 (5) : 662 -666 . DOI: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2024329
Hui LI, Le WANG. Alternative benefits of 24-hour activity behavior on the physical shape and cardiorespiratory endurance of middle school students with central obesity[J]. Chinese Journal of School Health, 2025 , 46 (5) : 662 -666 . DOI: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2024329
肥胖已经成为影响我国中学生身心健康及引发多种慢性疾病的危险因素[1-3]。据《儿童蓝皮书:中国儿童发展报告(2021)》[4]公布的数据显示,中国中学生肥胖率为23.1%。为此,中华人民共和国国家卫生健康委等六部门发布《儿童青少年肥胖防控实施方案》[5],以确保2030年学生体质健康达到规定要求[6]。研究表明,中心性肥胖对中学生健康的影响更严重,额外的体重堆积在腹部以及内脏器官,对心血管系统、代谢系统增加了负担,引起肥胖中学生心肺耐力的下降[7],进一步使肥胖中学生更容易发生心血管疾病[8]、糖尿病等多种慢性疾病[9]。
24 h活动行为是由身体活动(physical activity, PA)、久坐行为(sedentary behavior, SB)、睡眠(sleep, SLP)构成,其中一种行为的改变必将引起另一种行为的变化[10-12]。有研究已经探讨24 h活动行为与身心健康之间的剂量效应关系[11, 13]。但中心性肥胖中学生的行为模式如何改变,以及行为模型改变与健康之间的量效关系如何,仍需要进一步探究。因此本研究将基于成分等时替代模型探讨行为变化对中心性肥胖学生身体形态与心肺耐力的影响,为改善中心性肥胖中学生的健康状况提供理论依据。
2022年10—12月,采用随机数字表法从大连市初中和高中抽取4所中学(2所高中、2所初中),再从抽取的4所中学中招募362名中心性肥胖中学生;其中男生198名,女生164名。受试者平均年龄为(15.5±2.3)岁;男生与女生年龄[(15.6±2.4,15.4±2.1)岁]差异无统计学意义(t=0.17,P>0.05)。纳入标准:身体健康;无心、肺、肝、肾等重要器官疾病;能够参加体质测试;依据2019年中国营养学会发布的《中国肥胖预防与控制蓝皮书》[14]将0.48≤腰围身高比(waist-to-height ratio, WHtR)≤0.50定义为中心性肥胖者。充分与受试者及家长说明实验目的后签署知情同意书;本研究得到大连海洋大学伦理委员会批准(批号:DMU2022-0056)。
使用国际体力活动问卷(中文版)短卷[15]与匹兹堡睡眠质量指数量表[16]了解受试者24 h活动行为与睡眠状况,为验证问卷使用的信、效度,抽取60名受试者配戴ActiGraph GT3X加速度计7 d测量24 h活动行为,受试者将加速度计连续配戴在髋部右侧一周。使用Actilife 6.13.3加速度计专用软件进行配戴时间验证,每天配戴时间≥10 h,至少配戴2个上学日和1个周末日[17]。依据Zhu等[18]提出的counts作为运动强度的判定依据:0~99 counts/min为SB、100~2 799 counts/min为低等强度体力活动(low physical activity, LPA)、2 800~3 999 counts/min为中等强度体力活动(moderate physical activity, MPA)、≥4 000 counts/min为高等强度体力活动(vigorous physical activity, VPA),计算平均每天中高强度体力活动(moderate-to-vigorous physical activity, MVPA)、LPA、SB时间。体力活动水平判断依据: < 600 MET-min/周为低体力活动水平、600~ < 3 000 MET-min/周为中体力活动水平、≥3 000 MET-min/周为高体力活动水平[19]。经组内相关系数(intraclass correlation coeficient, ICC)一致性检验,问卷测量与加速度计测量结果的ICC值为0.87。
使用身高体重计测量受试者的身高、体重,并计算体质量指数(body mass index, BMI)=体重(kg)/[身高(m)]2;使用维度尺测量受试者的腰围,方法为受试者平静呼气、直立并两脚分开30~40 cm,使用皮尺取两侧髋骨上缘至肋骨下缘中间点,沿水平方向围绕腹部一周,记录腰围,测量值精确至0.1 cm,计算WHtR=腰围/身高;使用生物电阻抗技术(Inbody 520,韩国)测量受试者的体脂率。
使用30 s 30次蹲起评价中心性肥胖中学生的心脏功能,让受试者静坐15 min后,使用医用听诊器和血压计测量受试者15 s脉搏数(P1),然后让受试者按照节拍器以1次/s的速度完成30次蹲起,测量受试者完成后即刻以及恢复期第1 min前15 s的脉搏数,计算1 min脉搏;按公式计算心功能指数K=(P1+P2+P3-200)/10[20],其中P1=安静心率、P2=运动后即刻心率、P3=恢复期1 min心率。
休息15 min后,使用电子肺活量测试仪测量受试者的肺活量;使用美国库珀有氧研究所提供的20 m节奏往返跑录音、卷尺、若干标志物在20 m长的场地内两端放置标志桶,受试者按Leger的负荷方案,由慢到快进行20 m折返直线跑,以每分钟为1级(Stage),初始速度为8.5 km/h,随后每增加1级跑速增加0.5 km/h。当受试者不能维持速度时,或连续2次不能在节奏内到达标志线终止测试,以单程20 m记录为1次,记录测试者最大完成次数,使用Leger公式计算最大摄氧量(maximal oxygen uptake, VO2max)[21]:先计算最大跑速(maximal aerobic speed, MAS)=8+0.5×Stage,然后根据MAS计算VO2max=31.025+3.238×MAS-3.248×年龄+0.153 6×MAS×年龄,其中Stage为受试者停止测试时的等级。
所有测试仪器使用前均由同一技术人员校准,测试人员经过统一培训并获得合格证书后才能参与数据采集。调查中安排一名测试人员逐一核查测试过程是否满足标准要求。数据录入采用双人录入,确保准确性。
使用R 4.1.3软件中的“Compositions”包进行统计处理,遵循Pedišic等[22]提出的成分数据分析方法。计数资料用频数或百分率描述;计量资料用(x±s)描述,组间比较采用独立t检验分析。首先对BMI、腰围、体脂率、心功能指数、肺活量、VO2max进行归一化处理[23],然后将SLP、SB、LPA、MVPA转换为成分数据,使用成分回归探究中学生24 h活动行为与身体形态、心肺耐力之间的关联性,将性别作为协变量,依据β系数判断正负相关性;最终建立成分等时替代模型,并根据调查结果以30 min进行等时替代。检验水准α=0.05。
中心性肥胖中学生的SLP、SB、LPA、MVPA占比分别为41.3%,39.7%,15.7%,3.3%,换算为一天的时间分别为576.14,617.41,190.73,30.83 min。
男生的腰围(91.59±10.09)cm、WHtR(0.55±0.05)均高于女生[(86.99±14.47)cm,(0.53±0.08)](t值分别为2.06,2.98,P值均 < 0.05);女生的体脂率为(34.74±7.65)%,高于男生的(33.41±7.30)%(t=2.75,P < 0.05)。男生的肺活量为(1 594.77±641.99)mL、心功能指数为(16.06±1.59)、VO2max为(37.71±2.25)mL/(kg·min-1),均高于女生[(1 324.01±610.70)mL,(15.47±2.53),(35.96±5.62)mL(kg·min-1)](t值分别为2.21,2.56,2.84,P值均 < 0.05)。
成分回归结果显示,SLP与BMI、腰围、WHtR均呈正相关;SB与肺活量、VO2max均呈负相关,与其他指标均呈正相关;LPA与BMI、体脂率、心功能指数均呈负相关,与肺活量、VO2max均呈正相关;MVPA与BMI、腰围、WHtR、体脂率、心功能指数均呈负相关,与肺活量、VO2max均呈正相关(P值均 < 0.05)。见表1。
成分等时替代模型结果显示,MVPA替代SB产生的效益最大,增加30 min的MVPA同时减少SB对BMI、腰围、WHtR、体脂率、心功能指数产生0.17~2.05个单位的降低效益,对肺活量、VO2max产生0.38~0.43个单位的增加;当MVPA被SB替代时产生的负效益最大,BMI、腰围、WHtR、体脂率、心功能指数将升高0.23~3.06个单位,肺活量、VO2max产生将下降0.34~0.41个单位(P值均 < 0.05)。见表2。
中心性肥胖是指脂肪主要堆积在腹部或者内脏器官的一种肥胖类型,长期中心性肥胖会增加中学生心血管疾病与糖尿病等多种慢性病患病风险[1, 3]。本研究发现中心性肥胖中学生的身体活动时间分配不合理,不符合世界卫生组织推荐的标准[24],且SB占比最高。Dumuid等[25]招募来自澳大利亚、加拿大、芬兰和英国的1 728名9~11岁儿童,发现24 h活动行为时间的重新分配与肥胖的发生率相关。Muthusamy等[26]一项系统综述表明MVPA水平对于降低BMI有重要的作用,另外一项研究发现SB中的视屏时间与睡眠健康相关,长视屏时间人群的失眠风险提高2.84倍[27]。本研究发现SB/MVPA的变异性最低,说明中心性肥胖中学生的运动习惯没有形成,可能与运动意识的养成有关,Latifah等[28]认为在改变行为模式的同时应该注重饮食的控制。
本研究发现,增加30 min的MVPA时间对中心性肥胖中学生的身体形态有显著改善效益,对腰围、WHtR、体脂率产生降低效益,变化量在0.27~2.05个单位,变化方向与模型预期一致。Staiano等[29]对加拿大8 208名成年人的调查发现,MVPA活动时间与腰围能够预测全因死亡率,并证明MVPA活动时间不足的人群死亡风险高1.2倍。Magdalena等[30]研究141名7~18.9岁失明或部分失明儿童青少年的行为模式,发现缺少MVPA运动的儿童青少年超重和肥胖发生率高出4倍,中心性肥胖的发生率高出3倍。本研究也发现MVPA减少产生的负效应大于MVPA增加产生的正向效益,进一步说明MVPA对于中心性肥胖的重要性。Lee等[31]调查发现身体活动与较低的肥胖率相关,提示MVPA运动对于改善中心性肥胖身体形态有不可替代的作用。
此外,本研究还发现30 min的MVPA运动对于提高中心性肥胖中学生的心肺功能有显著效益,可降低心功能指数,同时提高肺活量和VO2max。大量研究已经证明中心性肥胖对心脏功能的不良影响,Voulgari等[32]认为中心性肥胖导致各种神经激素和代谢改变会使得心脏结构和功能异常,进一步引起血流动力学改变,这些变化可能会导致心力衰竭。Alp等[33]招募580名6~17岁儿童,发现BMI和体脂率是心室几何形状异常的预测因素,不同左心室几何形状模式下颈动脉内膜中层和心外膜脂肪组织厚度增加,这种不良影响甚至能够影响成年时期的心脏健康。Schuster等[34]使用超声心动图以及VO2max测试评估18名10~12岁法国肥胖青春期前男童的心脏结构与功能,发现对于轻度肥胖者,心脏功能能够适应性的代偿,但对于严重的肥胖者能够明显观察到休息和运动时的整体和局部心脏功能受损。已有研究提出改善中心性肥胖者心肺功能的方法,Voulgari等[32]认为身体活动是预防和管理肥胖有效的方式,养成长期的身体活动习惯、特别是MVPA运动能够有效改善血糖控制,对血脂、血压有积极影响,降低心血管事件的发生率和相关死亡率;最重要的是能够调节交感神经过度活动和心脏副交感神经内流的进行性丧失,从而恢复心脏保护性自主调节能力。Zhang[35]认为每天60~120 min的MVPA可改善心脏指数,120 min的有氧运动对心脏指数改善程度优于60 min运动组。Farah等[36]进行的一项评估1 152名15~18岁中心性肥胖男生身体活动与心率变异性之间的关联研究,发现在中心性肥胖的青少年中,较高的MVPA活动与心率变异性的改善有关。提示运动的强度与持续时间均会对中心性肥胖者的心脏功能产生影响,在改变中心性肥胖者的行为模式时应该关注运动强度与持续时间。
虽然本研究建立了中心性肥胖中学生24 h活动行为与身体形态、心肺耐力的成分等时替代模型,但存在一定的局限性:(1)采样区域在大连市内完成,在应用本研究结论时应考虑区域的差异性;(2)身体行为使用问卷测量存在主观性,对于结果具有一定影响。
  • 教育部产学合作协同育人项目(230802500260113);辽宁省教育科学“十四五”规划2022年度课题(JG22CB222)
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2025年第46卷第5期
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doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2024329
  • 接收时间:2024-07-17
  • 首发时间:2026-11-06
  • 出版时间:2025-05-25
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  • 收稿日期:2024-07-17
  • 修回日期:2024-09-12
基金
教育部产学合作协同育人项目(230802500260113);辽宁省教育科学“十四五”规划2022年度课题(JG22CB222)
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    大连海洋大学体育部, 辽宁 116023
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)
属
Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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