Article(id=1322960984767341431, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1249024232475115590, issueId=1322960856543273127, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.11834/jig.250437, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1757606400000, receivedDateStr=2025-09-12, revisedDate=1763568000000, revisedDateStr=2025-11-20, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1793348078194, onlineDateStr=2026-10-30, pubDate=1786809600000, pubDateStr=2026-08-16, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1793348078194, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-30, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1793348078194, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1793348078194, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1322960856543273127, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1249024232475115590, year='2026', volume='31', issue='8', pageStart='2687', pageEnd='3074', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1786809600000', pubDateStr='2026-08-16', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1793348047624, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1793348605344, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1322963195874378645, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1249024232475115590, issueId=1322960856543273127, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1322963195874378646, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1249024232475115590, issueId=1322960856543273127, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=2925, endPage=2941, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1322960984993833849, articleId=1322960984767341431, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1249024232475115590, language=EN, title=Frequency-enhanced and boundary-aware real-time pedestrian detection for autonomous driving, columnId=1249044019595125147, journalTitle=Journal of Image and Graphics, columnName=Image Analysis and Recognition, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective In autonomous driving scenarios,pedestrian detection performance can degrade substantially because of dramatic variations in pedestrian scale,frequent occlusions,and interference caused by complex backgrounds. To overcome these difficulties,we introduce a novel real-time pedestrian detection algorithm called frequency-enhanced and boundary-aware detection Transformer (FEBA-DETR),which integrates multiple frequency-domain enhancement strategies with a boundary-aware mechanism. By leveraging these complementary components,the proposed method achieves reliable pedestrian detection under the aforementioned challenging conditions.
Method Real-time detection Transformer (RT-DETR) has demonstrated promising object detection performance,but it still faces challenges in capturing fine-grained details of objects at multiple scales,particularly for small objects,and in effectively leveraging frequency-domain information. To address these limitations,we propose an enhanced RT-DETR architecture that integrates several innovative modules and techniques. For improved backbone efficiency and feature propagation,our model incorporates cross-stage partial connections,which strengthen gradient flow across network stages and reduce redundant computations without sacrificing representation power. Building on this foundation,we introduce a frequency-aware module that explicitly harnesses high- and low-frequency visual cues to enrich the feature representations,ensuring that important textural and edge details are preserved and emphasized throughout the network. At the feature interaction level,we design a frequency-aware attention-based intra-scale feature interaction (FAIFI) mechanism. By enabling features at the same scale to communicate through attention operations modulated by frequency-domain signals,FAIFI allows the detector to capture subtle object characteristics that might otherwise be missed in single-scale processing. Moreover,we employ a boundary-aware feature aggregation (BAFA) strategy to improve multiscale feature fusion. BAFA focuses on preserving object boundary information when combining features from different resolution levels,thus helping maintain precise localization cues and contributing to accurate detection of objects with distinct edges. In addition to these architectural improvements,we refine the training process with an Inner-GIoU loss,a modified bounding box regression loss that places high emphasis on the overlapping area between predicted and ground-truth boxes. This tailored loss function drives the model to achieve tight and highly reliable localization. Furthermore,to bolster the model’s robustness and expand the diversity of training data,we introduce a novel frequency-based data augmentation approach that utilizes 2D discrete wavelet transform. By decomposing and altering the frequency components of training images,this augmentation method exposes the network to a broad variety of spatial-frequency patterns and helps prevent overfitting to common textures. Together,these enhancements considerably boost the detection accuracy and reliability of RT-DETR. Experiments on challenging object detection benchmarks indicate that the improved RT-DETR achieves higher average precision than its baseline counterpart,especially on small or texture-rich objects,and maintains real-time inference speed. Our results underscore the benefit of incorporating frequency-domain insights and boundary-aware feature processing into the RT-DETR framework for high-performance object detection.
Result We rigorously evaluate our approach on three widely used person-detection benchmarks: CityPersons,WiderPersons,and ACDC. On CityPersons,our FEBA-DETR model achieves notable improvements over the baseline RT-DETR,with AP50 increasing by 2.3% and AP50:95 increasing by 2.0%; incorporating our data augmentation technique boosts performance,raising the aforementioned gains to 3% and 2.4%,respectively. On the occlusion-specific subsets of CityPersons,the miss rate decreases by 4.92% for the partially occluded “Reasonable” category and by 2.82% for the heavily occluded “Heavy” category. Similarly,on the challenging WiderPersons dataset,FEBA-DETR again surpasses the baseline,with AP50 and AP50:95 improvements of 1.1% and 0.7%,respectively. These consistent gains underscore the robust generalization of our method across diverse datasets. Moreover,on the ACDC dataset,which specifically assesses robustness in complex environmental scenarios,FEBA-DETR boosts AP50 and AP50:95 by 1.9% and 1.3%,respectively,with even greater improvements of 3.1% and 2.4%,respectively,after applying our data augmentation strategy. These extensive experimental results convincingly affirm the effectiveness of our multilevel frequency enhancement and boundary-awareness techniques,substantially advancing pedestrian detection in challenging autonomous driving contexts.
Conclusion Experimental evaluations show that FEBA-DETR delivers notable advancements in detecting pedestrians,particularly those who are either small in scale or partially occluded. The model also maintains consistent performance under highly challenging and dynamic conditions. These findings underscore the practical advantages of incorporating frequency-domain enhancements and boundary-awareness strategies. Together,these design choices contribute to a dependable,accurate pedestrian detection system,which is especially valuable for autonomous driving applications where safety and precision are critical.
, authors=Tao Liu1
, 2, Hui Ouyang1
, *, Yimeng Gao3, authorsList=Tao Liu, Hui Ouyang, Yimeng Gao, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Hui Ouyang, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1322960987887903626, articleId=1322960984767341431, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1249024232475115590, language=CN, title=频域增强与边界感知的自动驾驶实时行人检测, columnId=1249044019838394781, journalTitle=中国图象图形学报, columnName=图像分析和识别, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
目的 在自动驾驶场景中,行人尺度变化剧烈、遮挡现象频繁和复杂环境干扰等问题会导致检测性能显著下降。针对这些挑战,提出了一种结合多重频域增强策略与边界感知机制的实时行人检测算法FEBA-DETR(frequency-enhanced and boundary-aware detection Transformer)。
方法 FEBA-DETR基于RT-DETR(real-time detection Transformer)架构进行改进,通过使用频域增强、边界感知机制以及优化损失函数,提升对小目标的检测能力和遮挡情况下的检测能力。此外,结合频域子带数据增强方法,进一步提升算法在雨、雾、雪和低光照等复杂环境下的检测性能。
结果 与原RT-DETR算法相比,FEBA-DETR在CityPersons数据集上,AP50(average precision at IoU threshold 0.50 )与AP50:95分别提升2.3%和2%,引入频域子带增强后分别提升3%和2.4%;在代表部分遮挡和严重遮挡的场景中,MR-2(log-average miss rate)分别下降4.92%和2.82%。
结论 FEBA-DETR算法提升了在自动驾驶场景中对远距离小尺度行人和严重遮挡行人的检测能力,并在复杂环境下也表现出更强的鲁棒性,其性能优势在多组对比实验中得到了充分验证,能有效应对自动驾驶中的行人检测挑战,为自动驾驶系统的安全提供支持。
, authors=刘涛1
, 2, 欧阳晖1
, *, 高一萌3, authorsList=刘涛, 欧阳晖, 高一萌, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=欧阳晖, authorNote=
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2024. DETRs beat YOLOs on real-time object detection//Proceedings of 2024 IEEE/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition. Seattle,USA: IEEE: 16965-16974 [DOI:
10.1109/CVPR52733.2024.01605], articleTitle=DETRs beat YOLOs on real-time object detection, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1322960995374736368, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1249024232475115590, articleId=1322960984767341431, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=4494, pageEnd=4503, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=null, rfOrder=36, authorNames=Zhong Y J, Li B, Tang L, Kuang S Y, Wu S, Ding S H, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=
Zhong Y J,
Li B,
Tang L,
Kuang S Y,
Wu S and
Ding S H.
2022. Detecting camouflaged object in frequency domain//Proceedings of 2022 IEEE/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition. New Orleans,USA: IEEE: 4494-4503 [DOI:
10.1109/CVPR52688.2022.00446], articleTitle=Detecting camouflaged object in frequency domain, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1322960992170288074, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1249024232475115590, articleId=1322960984767341431, awardId=null, language=EN, fundingSource=National Natural Science Foundation of China(61172144), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1322960992229008331, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1249024232475115590, articleId=1322960984767341431, awardId=null, language=CN, fundingSource=国家自然科学基金项目(61172144), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1322960988131173259, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1249024232475115590, articleId=1322960984767341431, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1322960988139561868, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1249024232475115590, articleId=1322960984767341431, companyId=1322960988131173259, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=
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1 辽宁工程技术大学软件学院,葫芦岛 125105)]), AuthorCompany(id=1322960988231836558, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1249024232475115590, articleId=1322960984767341431, xref=2, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1322960988240225167, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1249024232475115590, articleId=1322960984767341431, companyId=1322960988231836558, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=
2 Department of Basic Teaching,Liaoning Technical University,Huludao 125105,China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1322960988265390992, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1249024232475115590, articleId=1322960984767341431, companyId=1322960988231836558, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=
2 辽宁工程技术大学基础教学部,葫芦岛 125105)]), AuthorCompany(id=1322960988340888465, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1249024232475115590, articleId=1322960984767341431, xref=3, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1322960988361859986, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1249024232475115590, articleId=1322960984767341431, companyId=1322960988340888465, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=
3 School of Electronic and Information Engineering,Liaoning Technical University,Huludao 125105,China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1322960988374442899, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1249024232475115590, articleId=1322960984767341431, companyId=1322960988340888465, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=
3 辽宁工程技术大学电子与信息工程学院,葫芦岛 125105)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1322960990123467696, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1249024232475115590, articleId=1322960984767341431, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=
The structure of FEBA-DETR, figureFileSmall=+4CLJpwaVF3VEi7uwbprIQ==, figureFileBig=jjobqaq7Dca8YSSpeUFh8w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322960990215742385, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1249024232475115590, articleId=1322960984767341431, language=CN, label=图1, caption=
FEBA-DETR结构, figureFileSmall=+4CLJpwaVF3VEi7uwbprIQ==, figureFileBig=jjobqaq7Dca8YSSpeUFh8w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322960990375125938, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1249024232475115590, articleId=1322960984767341431, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=
The structure of FAM, figureFileSmall=30eyJbovefZ+t0BzmkOWCg==, figureFileBig=ZPal5YpUmGuNfrL2MQhKhA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322960990459012019, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1249024232475115590, articleId=1322960984767341431, language=CN, label=图2, caption=
FAM结构, figureFileSmall=30eyJbovefZ+t0BzmkOWCg==, figureFileBig=ZPal5YpUmGuNfrL2MQhKhA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322960990513537972, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1249024232475115590, articleId=1322960984767341431, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=
The structure of FSFN, figureFileSmall=5uSpGZa+iT0SWJxm3Tf9Jg==, figureFileBig=dzm+kOuWf8wQcXOqYXfpkw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322960990584841141, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1249024232475115590, articleId=1322960984767341431, language=CN, label=图3, caption=
FSFN结构, figureFileSmall=5uSpGZa+iT0SWJxm3Tf9Jg==, figureFileBig=dzm+kOuWf8wQcXOqYXfpkw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322960990660338614, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1249024232475115590, articleId=1322960984767341431, language=EN, label=Fig.4, caption=
The structure of RAU, figureFileSmall=lw/NUeNR1YTkMZS4/GMZ2w==, figureFileBig=VRd5RYVuIX1zm82n74kMnA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322960990731641783, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1249024232475115590, articleId=1322960984767341431, language=CN, label=图4, caption=
RAU结构, figureFileSmall=lw/NUeNR1YTkMZS4/GMZ2w==, figureFileBig=VRd5RYVuIX1zm82n74kMnA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322960990790362040, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1249024232475115590, articleId=1322960984767341431, language=EN, label=Fig.5, caption=
The structure of SAE, figureFileSmall=M8YOEHQZU8pvCyMdF11BpQ==, figureFileBig=g3HslB8dysefR9yVAqGEfQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322960990861665209, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1249024232475115590, articleId=1322960984767341431, language=CN, label=图5, caption=
SAE结构, figureFileSmall=M8YOEHQZU8pvCyMdF11BpQ==, figureFileBig=g3HslB8dysefR9yVAqGEfQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322960990937162682, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1249024232475115590, articleId=1322960984767341431, language=EN, label=Fig.6, caption=
Accuracy-speed comparison, figureFileSmall=RnqetUv5NVG/sphzDMkYKA==, figureFileBig=8SGuSnI5qIR3P/GnnQpM8w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322960991004271547, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1249024232475115590, articleId=1322960984767341431, language=CN, label=图6, caption=
精度—速度对比图, figureFileSmall=RnqetUv5NVG/sphzDMkYKA==, figureFileBig=8SGuSnI5qIR3P/GnnQpM8w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322960991071380412, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1249024232475115590, articleId=1322960984767341431, language=EN, label=Fig.7, caption=
Visualization comparison of the improved results ((a) RT-DETR detection output; (b) FEBA-DETR detection output;, figureFileSmall=7WH/Z/gGeopnoiXAqnRLsw==, figureFileBig=O5j+vwgUAhDw3USQnuJpeg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322960991138489277, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1249024232475115590, articleId=1322960984767341431, language=CN, label=图7, caption=
改进效果可视化对比图(c) RT-DETR heatmap; (d) FEBA-DETR heatmap)
, figureFileSmall=7WH/Z/gGeopnoiXAqnRLsw==, figureFileBig=O5j+vwgUAhDw3USQnuJpeg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322960991222375358, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1249024232475115590, articleId=1322960984767341431, language=EN, label=Fig.8, caption=
Comparison of improved performance under adverse conditions ((a) RT-DETR detection output (Scene 1); (b) FEBA-DETR detection output (Scene 1); (c) RT-DETR detection output (Scene 2); (d) FEBA-DETR detection output (Scene 2)), figureFileSmall=r3EDY4b+72iQu6G84SyHcg==, figureFileBig=qFTRt2Px8ZhSCOqgAfWuJQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322960991289484223, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1249024232475115590, articleId=1322960984767341431, language=CN, label=图8, caption=
不利条件下改进效果对比图, figureFileSmall=r3EDY4b+72iQu6G84SyHcg==, figureFileBig=qFTRt2Px8ZhSCOqgAfWuJQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322960991352398784, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1249024232475115590, articleId=1322960984767341431, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=
The comparison of different algorithms, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 模型 | Type | 参数量/M | GFLOPs/G | AP50/% | AP50:95/% | Reasonable/% | Heavy/% | 检测速率/(帧/s) |
|---|
| Yolov5m | CNN | 25 | 64 | 67.0 | 43.6 | 29.51 | 60.01 | 74 |
| Yolov8m | CNN | 25 | 78 | 67.0 | 43.5 | 28.71 | 59.02 | 66 |
| Yolov10m | CNN | 16 | 63 | 67.1 | 43.5 | 31.84 | 59.66 | 76 |
| Yolov11m | CNN | 20 | 67 | 67.7 | 44.8 | 28.68 | 55.88 | 68 |
| Yolov12m | CNN | 19 | 60 | 68.0 | 44.7 | 27.33 | 56.46 | 71 |
| D-FINE-M | Transformer | 19 | 56 | 55.3 | 30.1 | 25.52 | 52.84 | 63 |
| DEIM-RT-DETRv2-S | Transformer | 20 | 60 | 69.2 | 43.5 | 23.72 | 52.13 | 61 |
| DEIM-D-FINE | Transformer | 19 | 57 | 60.8 | 36.0 | 25.37 | 54.23 | 64 |
| RT-DETR | Transformer | 19 | 57 | 68.1 | 42.2 | 26.65 | 53.64 | 61 |
| RT-DETRv2 | Transformer | 19 | 57 | 67.8 | 42.1 | 26.90 | 53.55 | 61 |
| FEBA-DETR | Transformer | 18 | 63 | 70.4 | 44.2 | 21.73 | 50.82 | 55 |
), ArticleFig(id=1322960991432090561, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1249024232475115590, articleId=1322960984767341431, language=CN, label=表1, caption=
不同算法对比
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 模型 | Type | 参数量/M | GFLOPs/G | AP50/% | AP50:95/% | Reasonable/% | Heavy/% | 检测速率/(帧/s) |
|---|
| Yolov5m | CNN | 25 | 64 | 67.0 | 43.6 | 29.51 | 60.01 | 74 |
| Yolov8m | CNN | 25 | 78 | 67.0 | 43.5 | 28.71 | 59.02 | 66 |
| Yolov10m | CNN | 16 | 63 | 67.1 | 43.5 | 31.84 | 59.66 | 76 |
| Yolov11m | CNN | 20 | 67 | 67.7 | 44.8 | 28.68 | 55.88 | 68 |
| Yolov12m | CNN | 19 | 60 | 68.0 | 44.7 | 27.33 | 56.46 | 71 |
| D-FINE-M | Transformer | 19 | 56 | 55.3 | 30.1 | 25.52 | 52.84 | 63 |
| DEIM-RT-DETRv2-S | Transformer | 20 | 60 | 69.2 | 43.5 | 23.72 | 52.13 | 61 |
| DEIM-D-FINE | Transformer | 19 | 57 | 60.8 | 36.0 | 25.37 | 54.23 | 64 |
| RT-DETR | Transformer | 19 | 57 | 68.1 | 42.2 | 26.65 | 53.64 | 61 |
| RT-DETRv2 | Transformer | 19 | 57 | 67.8 | 42.1 | 26.90 | 53.55 | 61 |
| FEBA-DETR | Transformer | 18 | 63 | 70.4 | 44.2 | 21.73 | 50.82 | 55 |
), ArticleFig(id=1322960991503393730, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1249024232475115590, articleId=1322960984767341431, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=
The comparison of different datasets, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 数据集 | 模型 | AP50 | AP50:95 |
|---|
| CityPersons | RT-DETR | 68.1 | 42.2 |
| FEBA-DETR | 70.4 | 44.2 |
| | | |
| WiderPerson | RT-DETR | 78.8 | 49.2 |
| FEBA-DETR | 79.9 | 49.9 |
| | | |
| ACDC | RT-DETR | 38.7 | 17.2 |
| FEBA-DETR | 40.6 | 18.5 |
), ArticleFig(id=1322960991587279811, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1249024232475115590, articleId=1322960984767341431, language=CN, label=表2, caption=
不同数据集对比
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 数据集 | 模型 | AP50 | AP50:95 |
|---|
| CityPersons | RT-DETR | 68.1 | 42.2 |
| FEBA-DETR | 70.4 | 44.2 |
| | | |
| WiderPerson | RT-DETR | 78.8 | 49.2 |
| FEBA-DETR | 79.9 | 49.9 |
| | | |
| ACDC | RT-DETR | 38.7 | 17.2 |
| FEBA-DETR | 40.6 | 18.5 |
), ArticleFig(id=1322960991654388676, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1249024232475115590, articleId=1322960984767341431, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=
The comparison of different loss, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 损失函数 | AP50 | AP50:95 | Reasonable | Heavy |
|---|
| GIoU | 70.0 | 43.9 | 22.62 | 50.37 |
| MPDIoU | 70.4 | 44.3 | 22.16 | 51.20 |
| Focaler-GIoU | 69.9 | 43.8 | 24.15 | 53.96 |
| Wise-GIoU | 69.3 | 43.8 | 23.90 | 52.58 |
| Focaler-MPDIoU | 69.6 | 43.7 | 23.12 | 52.77 |
| Inner-MPDIoU | 69.5 | 43.4 | 23.47 | 51.04 |
| Inner-GIoU | 70.4 | 44.2 | 21.73 | 50.82 |
), ArticleFig(id=1322960991734080453, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1249024232475115590, articleId=1322960984767341431, language=CN, label=表3, caption=
不同损失函数对比
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 损失函数 | AP50 | AP50:95 | Reasonable | Heavy |
|---|
| GIoU | 70.0 | 43.9 | 22.62 | 50.37 |
| MPDIoU | 70.4 | 44.3 | 22.16 | 51.20 |
| Focaler-GIoU | 69.9 | 43.8 | 24.15 | 53.96 |
| Wise-GIoU | 69.3 | 43.8 | 23.90 | 52.58 |
| Focaler-MPDIoU | 69.6 | 43.7 | 23.12 | 52.77 |
| Inner-MPDIoU | 69.5 | 43.4 | 23.47 | 51.04 |
| Inner-GIoU | 70.4 | 44.2 | 21.73 | 50.82 |
), ArticleFig(id=1322960991813772230, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1249024232475115590, articleId=1322960984767341431, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=
Comparison of different core hyperparameters, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
实验 编号 | 超参数 (α,β) | CityPersons | ACDC |
|---|
| AP50 | AP50:95 | AP50 | AP50:95 |
|---|
| 1 | - | 70.4 | 44.2 | 40.6 | 18.5 |
| 2 | α = 1.0, β = 1.0 | 70.8 | 44.4 | 41.3 | 19.0 |
| 3 | α = 1.2, β = 1.0 | 70.8 | 44.5 | 41.6 | 19.2 |
| 4 | α = 1.0, β = 1.1 | 71.0 | 44.6 | 41.8 | 19.4 |
| 5 | α = 1.2, β = 1.1 | 71.1 | 44.6 | 41.8 | 19.6 |
| 6 | α = 1.5, β = 1.2 | 69.5 | 43.1 | 39.1 | 17.8 |
), ArticleFig(id=1322960991901852615, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1249024232475115590, articleId=1322960984767341431, language=CN, label=表4, caption=
不同核心超参对比
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
实验 编号 | 超参数 (α,β) | CityPersons | ACDC |
|---|
| AP50 | AP50:95 | AP50 | AP50:95 |
|---|
| 1 | - | 70.4 | 44.2 | 40.6 | 18.5 |
| 2 | α = 1.0, β = 1.0 | 70.8 | 44.4 | 41.3 | 19.0 |
| 3 | α = 1.2, β = 1.0 | 70.8 | 44.5 | 41.6 | 19.2 |
| 4 | α = 1.0, β = 1.1 | 71.0 | 44.6 | 41.8 | 19.4 |
| 5 | α = 1.2, β = 1.1 | 71.1 | 44.6 | 41.8 | 19.6 |
| 6 | α = 1.5, β = 1.2 | 69.5 | 43.1 | 39.1 | 17.8 |
), ArticleFig(id=1322960991973155784, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1249024232475115590, articleId=1322960984767341431, language=EN, label=Table 5, caption=
The table of ablation study, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 实验编号 | FAM-CSP | FAIFI | BAFA | Loss | Aug | 参数量 | GFLOPs/G | AP50/% | AP50:95/% | Reasonable/% | Heavy/% | 检测速率 /(帧/s) |
|---|
| 1 | - | - | - | - | - | 19 873 044 | 56.9 | 68.1 | 42.2 | 26.65 | 53.64 | 61 |
| 2 | √ | - | - | - | - | 16 559 268 | 50.9 | 69.6 | 43.4 | 25.30 | 52.54 | 65 |
| 3 | - | √ | - | - | - | 20 118 768 | 57.7 | 69.2 | 42.8 | 24.78 | 51.67 | 61 |
| 4 | - | - | √ | - | - | 20 581 200 | 59.9 | 68.7 | 43.1 | 23.83 | 50.92 | 58 |
| 5 | - | √ | √ | - | - | 20 725 488 | 60.3 | 69.3 | 43.5 | 23.67 | 51.09 | 59 |
| 6 | √ | - | √ | - | - | 18 611 424 | 62.3 | 69.6 | 43.3 | 23.90 | 51.20 | 56 |
| 7 | √ | √ | - | - | - | 16 804 992 | 52.6 | 69.7 | 43.8 | 24.33 | 52.47 | 63 |
| 8 | √ | √ | √ | - | - | 18 340 136 | 62.4 | 70.0 | 43.9 | 22.62 | 50.37 | 55 |
| 9 | √ | √ | √ | √ | - | 18 340 136 | 62.4 | 70.4 | 44.2 | 21.73 | 50.82 | 55 |
| 10 | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | 18 340 136 | 62.4 | 71.1 | 44.6 | 21.07 | 49.81 | 55 |
), ArticleFig(id=1322960992061236169, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1249024232475115590, articleId=1322960984767341431, language=CN, label=表5, caption=
消融实验表
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 实验编号 | FAM-CSP | FAIFI | BAFA | Loss | Aug | 参数量 | GFLOPs/G | AP50/% | AP50:95/% | Reasonable/% | Heavy/% | 检测速率 /(帧/s) |
|---|
| 1 | - | - | - | - | - | 19 873 044 | 56.9 | 68.1 | 42.2 | 26.65 | 53.64 | 61 |
| 2 | √ | - | - | - | - | 16 559 268 | 50.9 | 69.6 | 43.4 | 25.30 | 52.54 | 65 |
| 3 | - | √ | - | - | - | 20 118 768 | 57.7 | 69.2 | 42.8 | 24.78 | 51.67 | 61 |
| 4 | - | - | √ | - | - | 20 581 200 | 59.9 | 68.7 | 43.1 | 23.83 | 50.92 | 58 |
| 5 | - | √ | √ | - | - | 20 725 488 | 60.3 | 69.3 | 43.5 | 23.67 | 51.09 | 59 |
| 6 | √ | - | √ | - | - | 18 611 424 | 62.3 | 69.6 | 43.3 | 23.90 | 51.20 | 56 |
| 7 | √ | √ | - | - | - | 16 804 992 | 52.6 | 69.7 | 43.8 | 24.33 | 52.47 | 63 |
| 8 | √ | √ | √ | - | - | 18 340 136 | 62.4 | 70.0 | 43.9 | 22.62 | 50.37 | 55 |
| 9 | √ | √ | √ | √ | - | 18 340 136 | 62.4 | 70.4 | 44.2 | 21.73 | 50.82 | 55 |
| 10 | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | 18 340 136 | 62.4 | 71.1 | 44.6 | 21.07 | 49.81 | 55 |
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