Article(id=1322949834885443622, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1249024232475115590, issueId=1322949743743213946, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.11834/jig.250354, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1753718400000, receivedDateStr=2025-07-29, revisedDate=1764950400000, revisedDateStr=2025-12-06, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1793345419856, onlineDateStr=2026-10-30, pubDate=1784131200000, pubDateStr=2026-07-16, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1793345419856, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-30, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1793345419856, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1793345419856, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1322949743743213946, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1249024232475115590, year='2026', volume='31', issue='7', pageStart='2279', pageEnd='2686', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1784131200000', pubDateStr='2026-07-16', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1793345398125, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1793348592997, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1322963144217330568, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1249024232475115590, issueId=1322949743743213946, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1322963144217330569, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1249024232475115590, issueId=1322949743743213946, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=2614, endPage=2630, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1322949835116130343, articleId=1322949834885443622, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1249024232475115590, language=EN, title=Highway parking violation detection by integrating dual-attention and spatiotemporal features, columnId=1249044019595125147, journalTitle=Journal of Image and Graphics, columnName=Image Analysis and Recognition, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective Automatic detection of illegal parking on highways through surveillance video is a crucial task for modern traffic management systems because it directly affects traffic flow,public safety,and operational efficiency. However,detecting parking violations in highway environments presents substantial challenges because of complex traffic dynamics,varying lighting conditions,and broad surveillance coverage. These challenges include frequent vehicle occlusions in dense traffic that lead to identity confusion and incorrect tracking,substantial perspective distortion that causes slow-moving vehicles to be mistakenly identified as parked,and degraded detection performance under low-illumination conditions,where vehicle features become blurred and are prone to false detection because of environmental lighting effects.
Method To address these problems,this study proposes a novel highway illegal parking detection algorithm that integrates dual-attention feature fusion and spatiotemporal behavior analysis. The approach introduces a dual-attention fusion module to enhance multiscale feature representations extracted from YOLOv8,which are used as appearance descriptors in a vehicle tracking framework on the basis of BotSORT-ReID. This framework directly leverages YOLOv8’s multiscale feature outputs and enhances them with attention mechanisms in spatial and channel dimensions. The spatial attention module emphasizes critical regions related to vehicle targets,suppressing background noise,whereas the channel attention mechanism selectively emphasizes discriminative feature channels relevant to object identity. These enhancements substantially improve the robustness and accuracy of vehicle tracking,especially in scenarios involving occlusion,background clutter,or varying viewing angles. The second component of the algorithm focuses on violation judgment through spatiotemporal feature accumulation. Specifically,it uses an adaptive interframe displacement estimation method on the basis of exponentially weighted moving averages to identify low-speed or stationary vehicles over a sequence of frames. A normalized displacement model is employed to correct perspective distortions across different regions of the image,ensuring that movement estimates are reliable even when vehicle scale varies with the distance from the camera. This method smooths short-term fluctuations in object position and helps avoid misclassification caused by detection box jitter or gradual deceleration. A secondary validation mechanism is proposed to address the complexity of nighttime detection,especially in environments with poor visibility or interference from artificial lights. This process involves analyzing the temporal characteristics of brightness changes to identify flashing hazard lights,which are a strong indicator of stationary vehicles in emergency situations. Time-series analysis is conducted on grayscale intensity values extracted from target bounding boxes across frames. Preprocessing steps,including Savitzky-Golay filtering,detrending,and temporal gradient computation,are applied to isolate periodic brightness variations. Subsequently,Welch’s method is used for power spectral density estimation,and dominant frequencies are extracted and compared with known hazard light flashing frequency ranges. Only when these frequencies match expected patterns is the object confirmed to be illegally parked,thereby reducing false positives from nonvehicle light sources or reflections.
Result Given the absence of publicly available datasets for highway parking violation detection,three dedicated highway datasets are constructed for object detection,vehicle tracking,and parking violation recognition. The datasets consist of 8 532 labeled images for detection,34 600 frames for tracking,and 77 annotated video sequences (average over 1 min,covering 98 illegal parking vehicles) for violation recognition. Moreover,they cover diverse conditions,including daytime,nighttime,tunnels,and adverse weather (e.g.,rain and fog),thereby ensuring comprehensive evaluation across complex highway scenarios. Experimental results on the constructed datasets show that the proposed algorithm consistently outperforms several benchmark methods in terms of precision,recall,and F1 score. Notably,dual-attention feature extraction improves identity consistency in vehicle tracking,thereby reducing ID switches and increasing tracking accuracy. The adaptive displacement method demonstrates strong resistance to jitter and perspective artifacts,and the hazard light detection module substantially reduces nighttime false positives and improves robustness under difficult lighting. Ablation studies further confirm the contribution of each component. For instance,removing the dual-attention module results in reduced tracking quality and an increase in identity confusion. Without the adaptive displacement method,the system becomes highly vulnerable to misclassification because of minor motion or camera instability. Meanwhile,excluding the temporal signal-based hazard light detection leads to a rise in false alarms during nighttime evaluations. The full system achieves a balanced trade-off between high precision and high recall,demonstrating its effectiveness in real-world applications.
Conclusion Overall,the proposed algorithm presents a unified,efficient,accurate solution for illegal parking detection on highways. By combining deep learning-based object detection,attention-guided feature fusion,motion pattern recognition,and signal-based validation,this algorithm addresses the key limitations of current methods and achieves robust performance across varying highway surveillance conditions. The integration of lightweight attention modules into the YOLOv8 backbone and the design of spatiotemporal behavioral analysis allow for real-time processing while maintaining high accuracy. The system is thus well-suited for deployment in intelligent transportation systems and smart city infrastructure where reliability and adaptability are paramount. The methodology also provides a scalable framework for extending similar detection strategies to other traffic violations or abnormal behaviors in complex road environments.
, authors=Dian Liu1, Na Yin1, Zening Zhang2, Hongyan Lyu2, Xubin Luo2, Haoxiang Wang1
, *, authorsList=Dian Liu, Na Yin, Zening Zhang, Hongyan Lyu, Xubin Luo, Haoxiang Wang, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Haoxiang Wang, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1322949840359010376, articleId=1322949834885443622, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1249024232475115590, language=CN, title=融合双重注意力特征与时空特征的高速公路违停识别, columnId=1249044019838394781, journalTitle=中国图象图形学报, columnName=图像分析和识别, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
目的 为提升高速公路交通管理效率与道路安全,提出一种面向监控视频的违法停车自动识别方法,以解决车流密集场景中目标遮挡、摄像机透视畸变及夜间光照干扰导致的身份混淆与误判问题。
方法 引入了双重注意力特征融合结构,增强YOLOv8(you only look once)提取的多尺度特征的表达能力,并将生成的外观特征用于后续的轨迹匹配阶段,从而在保持高效跟踪性能的同时,有效缓解了目标身份混淆与切换的现象。此外,还设计了一种基于帧间位移自适应的判别机制来识别违停行为,有效降低了由视角畸变和边框抖动造成的误判和漏判风险。针对夜间检测的困难,进一步引入基于时间序列信号分析的危险报警闪光灯检测技术,以提升夜间判定的稳定性与准确性,从而增强整体算法的鲁棒性。
结果 鉴于当前尚无公开可用的高速公路违停检测数据集,结合实际交通管理需求,自主构建覆盖多场景的专用数据集,并在此基础上进行实验验证。结果表明,所提方法能够良好适应不同时间段及复杂条件下的高速公路场景,违停识别准确率达94.79%,召回率达92.86%,F1分数为0.94,显著优于对比方法。所提方法的图像处理速度为32帧/s,满足实时处理需求。
结论 提出的融合双重注意力特征与时空特征的方法,在高速公路违停识别上成效显著,该研究具备显著的开创性和实践指导意义。
, authors=刘电1, 尹娜1, 张泽宁2, 吕洪燕2, 罗旭彬2, 王昊翔1
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1 School of Computer Science and Engineering,South China University of Technology,Guangzhou 510006,China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1322949842485522515, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1249024232475115590, articleId=1322949834885443622, authorId=1322949842305167440, language=CN, stringName=刘电, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=
1 华南理工大学计算机科学与工程学院,广州 510006, bio={"content":"
刘电,男,博士研究生,主要研究方向为深度学习和目标检测与语义分割。E-mail:csdianl@mail.scut.edu.cn
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刘电,男,博士研究生,主要研究方向为深度学习和目标检测与语义分割。E-mail:csdianl@mail.scut.edu.cn
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1 华南理工大学计算机科学与工程学院,广州 510006, bio={"content":"
尹娜,女,硕士研究生,主要研究方向为计算机视觉和目标检测。E-mail:202220143482@mail.scut.edu.cn
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尹娜,女,硕士研究生,主要研究方向为计算机视觉和目标检测。E-mail:202220143482@mail.scut.edu.cn
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1 华南理工大学计算机科学与工程学院,广州 510006)])]), Author(id=1322949842833649754, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1249024232475115590, articleId=1322949834885443622, orderNo=2, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=zznmizzou@gmail.com, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1322949842925924444, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1249024232475115590, articleId=1322949834885443622, authorId=1322949842833649754, language=EN, stringName=Zening Zhang, firstName=Zening, middleName=null, lastName=Zhang, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=2, address=
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2 广州国交润万交通信息有限公司,广州 510665, bio={"content":"
张泽宁,男,软件工程师,主要研究方向为计算机视觉、自然语言处理、生成式模型以及多模态学习。E-mail:zznmizzou@gmail.com
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张泽宁,男,软件工程师,主要研究方向为计算机视觉、自然语言处理、生成式模型以及多模态学习。E-mail:zznmizzou@gmail.com
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2 广州国交润万交通信息有限公司,广州 510665, bio={"content":"
吕洪燕,男,正高级工程师,主要研究方向为智能交通、交通管控和深度学习。E-mail:lhy@runonetech.com
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吕洪燕,男,正高级工程师,主要研究方向为智能交通、交通管控和深度学习。E-mail:lhy@runonetech.com
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2 广州国交润万交通信息有限公司,广州 510665, bio={"content":"
罗旭彬,男,软件工程师,主要研究方向为计算机视觉、自然语言处理和模式识别。E-mail:515664321@qq.com
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罗旭彬,男,软件工程师,主要研究方向为计算机视觉、自然语言处理和模式识别。E-mail:515664321@qq.com
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1 School of Computer Science and Engineering,South China University of Technology,Guangzhou 510006,China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1322949840648417355, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1249024232475115590, articleId=1322949834885443622, companyId=1322949840627445833, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=
1 华南理工大学计算机科学与工程学院,广州 510006)]), AuthorCompany(id=1322949842191921228, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1249024232475115590, articleId=1322949834885443622, xref=2, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1322949842200309837, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1249024232475115590, articleId=1322949834885443622, companyId=1322949842191921228, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=
2 Guangzhou Runone Traffic Information Co.,Ltd.,Guangzhou 510665,China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1322949842212892750, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1249024232475115590, articleId=1322949834885443622, companyId=1322949842191921228, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=
2 广州国交润万交通信息有限公司,广州 510665)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1322949847011176567, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1249024232475115590, articleId=1322949834885443622, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=
Schematic diagram of vehicle illegal parking detection algorithm, figureFileSmall=9RasrNCeGAhGVMHgdFHeOg==, figureFileBig=NDnQ2M9hiJy13RNyzX93TQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322949847086674040, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1249024232475115590, articleId=1322949834885443622, language=CN, label=图1, caption=
车辆违停识别算法示意图, figureFileSmall=9RasrNCeGAhGVMHgdFHeOg==, figureFileBig=NDnQ2M9hiJy13RNyzX93TQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322949847296389241, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1249024232475115590, articleId=1322949834885443622, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=
Structure of the dual attention feature fusion module, figureFileSmall=kfHNZX+SHu+nfNvOPyTwSg==, figureFileBig=xohuxePuNbFI+vEl+pK8VA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322949847371886714, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1249024232475115590, articleId=1322949834885443622, language=CN, label=图2, caption=
双重注意力特征融合模块结构, figureFileSmall=kfHNZX+SHu+nfNvOPyTwSg==, figureFileBig=xohuxePuNbFI+vEl+pK8VA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322949847434801275, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1249024232475115590, articleId=1322949834885443622, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=
SEBlocks architecture diagram, figureFileSmall=C6g92UzNjjZxB7s5TKu8Ow==, figureFileBig=byIS9kfs0zxAK4sSCvIVbQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322949847510298748, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1249024232475115590, articleId=1322949834885443622, language=CN, label=图3, caption=
SEBlocks结构图, figureFileSmall=C6g92UzNjjZxB7s5TKu8Ow==, figureFileBig=byIS9kfs0zxAK4sSCvIVbQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322949847602573437, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1249024232475115590, articleId=1322949834885443622, language=EN, label=Fig.4, caption=
Flowchart of the illegal parking detection method based on spatiotemporal features, figureFileSmall=ORBxo2ig798zRmB8Kh4yuQ==, figureFileBig=rFwjBFXFSQgqriGGNFIM6A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322949847728402558, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1249024232475115590, articleId=1322949834885443622, language=CN, label=图4, caption=
基于时空特征的违停判别方法流程图, figureFileSmall=ORBxo2ig798zRmB8Kh4yuQ==, figureFileBig=rFwjBFXFSQgqriGGNFIM6A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322949847803900031, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1249024232475115590, articleId=1322949834885443622, language=EN, label=Fig.5, caption=
Distribution diagram of inter-frame displacement data for vehicle targets, figureFileSmall=v8aetb91bsC8dDbCv5y14g==, figureFileBig=9tQCjymjndLDxJ4hjtbMaw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322949847875203200, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1249024232475115590, articleId=1322949834885443622, language=CN, label=图5, caption=
车辆目标的帧间位移数据分布图, figureFileSmall=v8aetb91bsC8dDbCv5y14g==, figureFileBig=9tQCjymjndLDxJ4hjtbMaw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322949847946506369, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1249024232475115590, articleId=1322949834885443622, language=EN, label=Fig.6, caption=
Schematic diagram of hazard warning flashing light temporal signal analysis, figureFileSmall=EwhZ72cEbxz/8N3k3OhopQ==, figureFileBig=ZQjWYgFRNgJklyDV58mwrg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322949848022003842, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1249024232475115590, articleId=1322949834885443622, language=CN, label=图6, caption=
危险报警闪光灯时序信号分析流程示意图, figureFileSmall=EwhZ72cEbxz/8N3k3OhopQ==, figureFileBig=ZQjWYgFRNgJklyDV58mwrg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322949848097501315, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1249024232475115590, articleId=1322949834885443622, language=EN, label=Fig.7, caption=
Brightness curve preprocessing flow, figureFileSmall=ZEaK5j+B35CjQVvGF6RAOQ==, figureFileBig=9MpWh2Y4gPhAmwUX0ikNXg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322949848168804484, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1249024232475115590, articleId=1322949834885443622, language=CN, label=图7, caption=
亮度曲线预处理流程, figureFileSmall=ZEaK5j+B35CjQVvGF6RAOQ==, figureFileBig=9MpWh2Y4gPhAmwUX0ikNXg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322949848240107653, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1249024232475115590, articleId=1322949834885443622, language=EN, label=Fig.8, caption=
Schematic diagram of curve spectrum analysis, figureFileSmall=4AD4/W8RCbOqnmTMY4ocGA==, figureFileBig=1RfaHq/7OnfzVm+g+4mQIA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322949848332382342, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1249024232475115590, articleId=1322949834885443622, language=CN, label=图8, caption=
曲线频谱分析示意图, figureFileSmall=4AD4/W8RCbOqnmTMY4ocGA==, figureFileBig=1RfaHq/7OnfzVm+g+4mQIA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322949848433045639, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1249024232475115590, articleId=1322949834885443622, language=EN, label=Fig.9, caption=
Low-light suspected vehicle images, figureFileSmall=HOysDj8oA9cUDVLh8coK4w==, figureFileBig=YUDdxjZVOC/oFzgY+Z8Quw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322949848521126024, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1249024232475115590, articleId=1322949834885443622, language=CN, label=图9, caption=
暗光疑似车辆图像, figureFileSmall=HOysDj8oA9cUDVLh8coK4w==, figureFileBig=YUDdxjZVOC/oFzgY+Z8Quw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322949848592429193, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1249024232475115590, articleId=1322949834885443622, language=EN, label=Fig.10, caption=
Average brightness temporal graph of suspected targets, figureFileSmall=7k++hgmeqwuWtBNXD6E3lg==, figureFileBig=Iap2x8H14V7HrRgMeTaVSg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322949848667926666, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1249024232475115590, articleId=1322949834885443622, language=CN, label=图10, caption=
疑似目标时序平均亮度图, figureFileSmall=7k++hgmeqwuWtBNXD6E3lg==, figureFileBig=Iap2x8H14V7HrRgMeTaVSg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322949848756007051, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1249024232475115590, articleId=1322949834885443622, language=EN, label=Fig.11, caption=
Example images of four categories, figureFileSmall=q3efZRil2i7y3+G+fGPuVg==, figureFileBig=VqCksdhjoFe1cXz0nKxChQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322949848831504524, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1249024232475115590, articleId=1322949834885443622, language=CN, label=图11, caption=
4类目标的示例图像, figureFileSmall=q3efZRil2i7y3+G+fGPuVg==, figureFileBig=VqCksdhjoFe1cXz0nKxChQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322949848915390605, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1249024232475115590, articleId=1322949834885443622, language=EN, label=Fig.12, caption=
Display of images from different scenarios in the vehicle illegal parking detection dataset, figureFileSmall=RfV1w90YMYHSaciWGIkcog==, figureFileBig=W2xPawjmw+vB0iA++sqJBA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322949848978305166, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1249024232475115590, articleId=1322949834885443622, language=CN, label=图12, caption=
车辆违停识别数据集不同场景图像展示, figureFileSmall=RfV1w90YMYHSaciWGIkcog==, figureFileBig=W2xPawjmw+vB0iA++sqJBA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322949849053802639, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1249024232475115590, articleId=1322949834885443622, language=EN, label=Fig.13, caption=
Examples of partial vehicle illegal parking detection, figureFileSmall=zHIf17T8Hh4uAihpeG2MJQ==, figureFileBig=yprnh2kU41rIj/6i1OF4PA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322949849125105808, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1249024232475115590, articleId=1322949834885443622, language=CN, label=图13, caption=
车辆部分违停识别例子, figureFileSmall=zHIf17T8Hh4uAihpeG2MJQ==, figureFileBig=yprnh2kU41rIj/6i1OF4PA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322949849200603281, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1249024232475115590, articleId=1322949834885443622, language=EN, label=Fig.14, caption=
Example diagram of experimental results for the effectiveness of the appearance feature extraction module, figureFileSmall=OFrULvLUx8Dgf6CTyEDA0g==, figureFileBig=eJ9U8GBOQljk92Yua6e3MA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322949849292877970, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1249024232475115590, articleId=1322949834885443622, language=CN, label=图14, caption=
表观特征提取模块有效性的实验结果示例图, figureFileSmall=OFrULvLUx8Dgf6CTyEDA0g==, figureFileBig=eJ9U8GBOQljk92Yua6e3MA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322949849372569747, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1249024232475115590, articleId=1322949834885443622, language=EN, label=Fig.15, caption=
Example diagram of experimental results for adaptive inter-frame displacement, figureFileSmall=ACTL7lfBTR7umVR0sD30Gg==, figureFileBig=lZyoZe1+9wgBvLH21jMkYg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322949849439678612, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1249024232475115590, articleId=1322949834885443622, language=CN, label=图15, caption=
自适应帧间位移的实验结果示例图, figureFileSmall=ACTL7lfBTR7umVR0sD30Gg==, figureFileBig=lZyoZe1+9wgBvLH21jMkYg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322949851113205909, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1249024232475115590, articleId=1322949834885443622, language=EN, label=Fig.16, caption=
Example diagram of experimental results for secondary verification based on temporal signal analysis, figureFileSmall=LpqZ8EwM1Tde65qRo8dHTQ==, figureFileBig=L5HOyFYNnWMcIvh2EjN3kA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322949851205480598, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1249024232475115590, articleId=1322949834885443622, language=CN, label=图16, caption=
基于时序信号分析的次级验证的实验结果示例图, figureFileSmall=LpqZ8EwM1Tde65qRo8dHTQ==, figureFileBig=L5HOyFYNnWMcIvh2EjN3kA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322949851285172375, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1249024232475115590, articleId=1322949834885443622, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=
Statistical analysis of image data in highway vehicle detection dataset, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 数据集 | 图像 数量 | 小型 车辆 | 大型 货车 | 大巴 车辆 | 暗光疑 似车辆 |
|---|
| 合计 | 8 532 | 37 037 | 2 301 | 1 670 | 5 265 |
| 训练集 | 5 990 | 26 308 | 1 638 | 1 264 | 3 610 |
| 测试集 | 2 542 | 10 729 | 663 | 406 | 1 655 |
), ArticleFig(id=1322949851352281240, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1249024232475115590, articleId=1322949834885443622, language=CN, label=表1, caption=
高速公路车辆检测数据集图像数据统计
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| 数据集 | 图像 数量 | 小型 车辆 | 大型 货车 | 大巴 车辆 | 暗光疑 似车辆 |
|---|
| 合计 | 8 532 | 37 037 | 2 301 | 1 670 | 5 265 |
| 训练集 | 5 990 | 26 308 | 1 638 | 1 264 | 3 610 |
| 测试集 | 2 542 | 10 729 | 663 | 406 | 1 655 |
), ArticleFig(id=1322949851436167321, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1249024232475115590, articleId=1322949834885443622, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=
Statistical analysis of data in highway vehicle tracking dataset, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 数据集 | 片段数量 | 图像总数 | 轨迹总数 |
|---|
| 合计 | 36 | 34 600 | 3 280 |
| 训练集 | 25 | 23 684 | 2 143 |
| 测试集 | 11 | 10 916 | 1 137 |
), ArticleFig(id=1322949851511664794, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1249024232475115590, articleId=1322949834885443622, language=CN, label=表2, caption=
高速公路车辆跟踪数据集数据统计
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 数据集 | 片段数量 | 图像总数 | 轨迹总数 |
|---|
| 合计 | 36 | 34 600 | 3 280 |
| 训练集 | 25 | 23 684 | 2 143 |
| 测试集 | 11 | 10 916 | 1 137 |
), ArticleFig(id=1322949851587162267, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1249024232475115590, articleId=1322949834885443622, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=
Statistical analysis of the number of scene segments in the vehicle illegal parking detection dataset, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 场景 | 片段数量 | 违停车辆数 |
|---|
| 合计 | 77 | 98 |
| 夜间 | 27 | 39 |
| 白天 | 27 | 34 |
| 隧道 | 23 | 25 |
), ArticleFig(id=1322949851675242652, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1249024232475115590, articleId=1322949834885443622, language=CN, label=表3, caption=
车辆违停识别数据集不同场景片段数量统计
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 场景 | 片段数量 | 违停车辆数 |
|---|
| 合计 | 77 | 98 |
| 夜间 | 27 | 39 |
| 白天 | 27 | 34 |
| 隧道 | 23 | 25 |
), ArticleFig(id=1322949851746545821, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1249024232475115590, articleId=1322949834885443622, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=
Results of vehicle illegal parking detection under different polynomial orders, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| k值 | 准确率/% | 召回率/% | F1分数 |
|---|
| 1 | 68.14 | 78.57 | 0.73 |
| 2 | 88.89 | 89.80 | 0.89 |
| 3 | 94.79 | 92.86 | 0.94 |
| 4 | 90.91 | 91.84 | 0.91 |
| 5 | 88.54 | 86.73 | 0.88 |
), ArticleFig(id=1322949851830431902, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1249024232475115590, articleId=1322949834885443622, language=CN, label=表4, caption=
不同多项式阶数下车辆违停识别结果
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| k值 | 准确率/% | 召回率/% | F1分数 |
|---|
| 1 | 68.14 | 78.57 | 0.73 |
| 2 | 88.89 | 89.80 | 0.89 |
| 3 | 94.79 | 92.86 | 0.94 |
| 4 | 90.91 | 91.84 | 0.91 |
| 5 | 88.54 | 86.73 | 0.88 |
), ArticleFig(id=1322949851897540767, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1249024232475115590, articleId=1322949834885443622, language=EN, label=Table 5, caption=
Experimental results of the proposed algorithm for illegal parking detection, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 准确率/% | 召回率/% | F1分数 | 显存/GB | 帧率/(帧/s) |
|---|
| 94.79 | 92.86 | 0.94 | 2.6 | 32 |
), ArticleFig(id=1322949851964649632, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1249024232475115590, articleId=1322949834885443622, language=CN, label=表5, caption=
违停识别算法实验结果
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| 准确率/% | 召回率/% | F1分数 | 显存/GB | 帧率/(帧/s) |
|---|
| 94.79 | 92.86 | 0.94 | 2.6 | 32 |
), ArticleFig(id=1322949852040147105, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1249024232475115590, articleId=1322949834885443622, language=EN, label=Table 6, caption=
Experimental results of highway vehicle tracking, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 方法 | HOTA/% | MOTA/% | IDF1/% | 帧率/(帧/s) |
|---|
| Bytetrack | 62.9 | 75.4 | 70.8 | 126 |
| BotSORT | 64.1 | 75.8 | 68.7 | 46 |
| StrongSORT | 65.4 | 77.1 | 73.6 | 5 |
| Deep OC-SORT | 62.4 | 73.3 | 66.4 | 6 |
| MambaTrack | 66.7 | 78.8 | 77.8 | 16 |
| BoostTrack++ | 67.2 | 79.2 | 78.4 | 24 |
| 双重注意力 | 66.3 | 77.4 | 75.3 | 52 |
), ArticleFig(id=1322949852115644578, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1249024232475115590, articleId=1322949834885443622, language=CN, label=表6, caption=
高速公路车辆跟踪实验结果
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 方法 | HOTA/% | MOTA/% | IDF1/% | 帧率/(帧/s) |
|---|
| Bytetrack | 62.9 | 75.4 | 70.8 | 126 |
| BotSORT | 64.1 | 75.8 | 68.7 | 46 |
| StrongSORT | 65.4 | 77.1 | 73.6 | 5 |
| Deep OC-SORT | 62.4 | 73.3 | 66.4 | 6 |
| MambaTrack | 66.7 | 78.8 | 77.8 | 16 |
| BoostTrack++ | 67.2 | 79.2 | 78.4 | 24 |
| 双重注意力 | 66.3 | 77.4 | 75.3 | 52 |
), ArticleFig(id=1322949852186947747, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1249024232475115590, articleId=1322949834885443622, language=EN, label=Table 7, caption=
Comparative experimental results of vehicle illegal parking detection, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 方法 | 夜间 | 白天 | 隧道 | 平均 |
|---|
| P/% | R/% | F1 | 帧率 /(帧/s) | P/% | R/% | F1 | 帧率 /(帧/s) | P/% | R/% | F1 | 帧率 /(帧/s) | P/% | R/% | F1 | 显存 /GB | 帧率 /(帧/s) |
|---|
| 方法1 | 65.63 | 53.85 | 0.59 | 29 | 76.47 | 78.79 | 0.78 | 28 | 70.37 | 73.08 | 0.72 | 28 | 70.97 | 70.41 | 0.71 | 2.1 | 28 |
| 方法2 | 65.79 | 64.10 | 0.65 | 31 | 84.38 | 81.82 | 0.83 | 30 | 83.33 | 76.92 | 0.80 | 30 | 76.60 | 77.55 | 0.77 | 2.3 | 30 |
| 方法3 | 69.23 | 69.23 | 0.69 | 40 | 80.56 | 87.88 | 0.84 | 37 | 80.77 | 80.77 | 0.81 | 38 | 76.24 | 81.63 | 0.79 | 2.5 | 38 |
| 方法4 | 74.36 | 74.36 | 0.74 | 26 | 88.24 | 90.91 | 0.90 | 26 | 84.62 | 84.62 | 0.85 | 27 | 81.82 | 86.42 | 0.84 | 1.8 | 27 |
| 本文 | 92.11 | 89.74 | 0.91 | 28 | 93.94 | 96.97 | 0.95 | 34 | 92.00 | 92.31 | 0.92 | 31 | 94.79 | 92.86 | 0.94 | 2.6 | 32 |
), ArticleFig(id=1322949852258250916, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1249024232475115590, articleId=1322949834885443622, language=CN, label=表7, caption=
车辆违停识别对比实验结果
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 方法 | 夜间 | 白天 | 隧道 | 平均 |
|---|
| P/% | R/% | F1 | 帧率 /(帧/s) | P/% | R/% | F1 | 帧率 /(帧/s) | P/% | R/% | F1 | 帧率 /(帧/s) | P/% | R/% | F1 | 显存 /GB | 帧率 /(帧/s) |
|---|
| 方法1 | 65.63 | 53.85 | 0.59 | 29 | 76.47 | 78.79 | 0.78 | 28 | 70.37 | 73.08 | 0.72 | 28 | 70.97 | 70.41 | 0.71 | 2.1 | 28 |
| 方法2 | 65.79 | 64.10 | 0.65 | 31 | 84.38 | 81.82 | 0.83 | 30 | 83.33 | 76.92 | 0.80 | 30 | 76.60 | 77.55 | 0.77 | 2.3 | 30 |
| 方法3 | 69.23 | 69.23 | 0.69 | 40 | 80.56 | 87.88 | 0.84 | 37 | 80.77 | 80.77 | 0.81 | 38 | 76.24 | 81.63 | 0.79 | 2.5 | 38 |
| 方法4 | 74.36 | 74.36 | 0.74 | 26 | 88.24 | 90.91 | 0.90 | 26 | 84.62 | 84.62 | 0.85 | 27 | 81.82 | 86.42 | 0.84 | 1.8 | 27 |
| 本文 | 92.11 | 89.74 | 0.91 | 28 | 93.94 | 96.97 | 0.95 | 34 | 92.00 | 92.31 | 0.92 | 31 | 94.79 | 92.86 | 0.94 | 2.6 | 32 |
), ArticleFig(id=1322949852316971173, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1249024232475115590, articleId=1322949834885443622, language=EN, label=Table 8, caption=
Ablation experiment on DAFM sub-modules, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 实验组别 | HOTA | MOTA | IDF1 |
|---|
| 1:Baseline | 64.1 | 75.8 | 68.7 |
| 2:仅SAM | 65.8 | 76.9 | 73.2 |
| 3:仅SEBlocks | 64.7 | 76.1 | 71.4 |
| 4:DAFM | 66.3 | 77.4 | 75.3 |
), ArticleFig(id=1322949852379885734, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1249024232475115590, articleId=1322949834885443622, language=CN, label=表8, caption=
DAFM子模块消融实验
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 实验组别 | HOTA | MOTA | IDF1 |
|---|
| 1:Baseline | 64.1 | 75.8 | 68.7 |
| 2:仅SAM | 65.8 | 76.9 | 73.2 |
| 3:仅SEBlocks | 64.7 | 76.1 | 71.4 |
| 4:DAFM | 66.3 | 77.4 | 75.3 |
), ArticleFig(id=1322949852451188903, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1249024232475115590, articleId=1322949834885443622, language=EN, label=Table 9, caption=
Ablation experimental results of highway vehicle illegal parking detection, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 方法 | DAFM | AID | TSA | P/% | R/% | F1 |
|---|
| 基线 | - | - | - | 71.16 | 75.51 | 0.73 |
| 方案1 | √ | - | - | 63.23 | 80.61 | 0.71 |
| 方案2 | √ | √ | - | 80.90 | 90.82 | 0.86 |
| 本文 | √ | √ | √ | 94.79 | 92.86 | 0.94 |
), ArticleFig(id=1322949852518297768, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1249024232475115590, articleId=1322949834885443622, language=CN, label=表9, caption=
高速车辆违停识别消融实验结果
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 方法 | DAFM | AID | TSA | P/% | R/% | F1 |
|---|
| 基线 | - | - | - | 71.16 | 75.51 | 0.73 |
| 方案1 | √ | - | - | 63.23 | 80.61 | 0.71 |
| 方案2 | √ | √ | - | 80.90 | 90.82 | 0.86 |
| 本文 | √ | √ | √ | 94.79 | 92.86 | 0.94 |
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