Article(id=1322949745089589666, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1249024232475115590, issueId=1322949743743213946, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.11834/jig.260112, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1772208000000, receivedDateStr=2026-02-28, revisedDate=1774713600000, revisedDateStr=2026-03-29, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1793345398446, onlineDateStr=2026-10-30, pubDate=1784131200000, pubDateStr=2026-07-16, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1793345398446, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-30, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1793345398446, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1793345398446, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1322949743743213946, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1249024232475115590, year='2026', volume='31', issue='7', pageStart='2279', pageEnd='2686', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1784131200000', pubDateStr='2026-07-16', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1793345398125, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1793348592997, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1322963144217330568, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1249024232475115590, issueId=1322949743743213946, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1322963144217330569, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1249024232475115590, issueId=1322949743743213946, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=2339, endPage=2357, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1322949745479659939, articleId=1322949745089589666, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1249024232475115590, language=EN, title=The new-generation artificial neural networks in the 21st century — embodied cognitive neural networks: a review, columnId=1249044010699002654, journalTitle=Journal of Image and Graphics, columnName=Review, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
For the 21st century,this study is dedicated to exploring the fundamental theories,models,and architectures of next-generation artificial neural networks (ANNs),with the objective of constructing high-performance ANNs that featuring adaptive topology,interpretability,strong generalization capability,and high energy efficiency. Since the initial proposition of ANNs in the 1940s,the field has witnessed over 80 years of development. Extending to the mid-21st century,ANNs can be categorized into five generations based on five core dimensions,and such generational evolution constitutes the core trajectory of neural network research and advancement. This study defines five generations of ANNs (abbreviated as xG-ANNs) from five perspectives: neuronal unit,information coding,network structure,learning mechanism,and Turing test. 1G-ANNs: Threshold logic networks,represented by the McCulloch-Pitts model and the perceptron; 2G-ANNs: Continuous activation networks (e.g.,sigmoid,tanh),typified by the classical back-propagation network; 3G-ANNs: Represented by spiking neural networks 4G-ANNs: Deep neural networks,represented by AlexNet,ResNet,Transformer architectures,and the attention mechanism,which have passed the conversational Turing test for disembodied intelligence; 5G-ANNs: Cognitive neural networks,with five defining characteristics: 1) cognitive units that integrate memory,reasoning,and human-like attention; 2) hybrid coding of semantic symbols and distributed representations; 3) modular cognitive architecture with dynamic reconfigurable topology; 4) meta-learning,causal reasoning,and lifelong learning; and 5) the embodied Turing test that remains as a breakthrough. A core academic consensus has been formed regarding 5G-ANNs. That is,such networks integrate neural computing,symbolic reasoning,and cognitive architecture with low-power consumption,support dynamic topology,memory cognition,neuro-symbolic fusion,and embodied/world models. They exhibit intrinsic advantages,including adaptive structure,few-shot generalization,interpretability,low energy consumption,and embodied cognition. At present,the field is in the era of 4G-ANNs,which are characterized by data-driven fitting,deep learning,the attention mechanism,and Transformer frameworks. Represented by large language model-based ChatGPT,4G-ANNs have passed the conversational Turing test,but such validation is a “black box” assessment that is restricted to the emergence of disembodied intelligence. The root causes lie in the inherent asymmetry of large language models built on the scaling law of parameter expansion,their lack of comprehension of physical laws that govern the real world,and critical drawbacks,including jagged multimodal and multiform intelligent output and inferior energy efficiency. By contrast,neural networks that are deployed in embodied intelligent robots lack autonomous intelligence and can only execute predefined actions per programmed instructions,leading to a huge gap between disembodied intelligence and embodied intelligence in 4G-ANN systems. Addressing these critical limitations of 4G-ANNs calls for the support of novel theories,models,and architectural designs. At present,extensive debates and divergence persist over the developmental orientation and technical routes of next-generation ANNs. This study analyzes and summarizes the developmental progress of mainstream theories,models,and architectures of the first four generations of ANNs. It focuses on the characteristics of several typical 4G-ANN models and their enhanced variants,and reviews representative architectures for 5G-ANNs,including world models,joint embedding predictive architecture,cognitive spiral models,and intelligence-trace cellular network frameworks. Finally,grounded in theory of cognitive physics and the practical technologies of driving brain cognition,this work proposes a lightweight architecture,called embodied cognitive physics neural network (E-CoPNN),which incorporates the core characteristics of 5G-ANNs. In particular,E-CoPNN features dynamic topology (three-layer nested structure and dual systems),memory cognition (three categories of memory),neuro-symbolic fusion (integration of Euclidean and non-Euclidean data,combination of lexemes and concepts),and embodied cognition/world models (fusion of disembodied and embodied intelligence,integration of cognitive space and physical space). The proposed architecture embodies the typical properties of 5G-ANNs: an adaptive structure,few-shot generalization,interpretability,low power consumption,and embodied cognition. Targeting brain-like general intelligence,5G-ANNs regard dynamic topology,autonomous memory,cognitive reasoning,and structural evolution as core attributes,shifting the ANN research paradigm from data fitting to structural reconstruction,and thus,representing a pivotal direction for achieving machine autonomous intelligence and continuous learning.Conclusion and Significance: At present,the development of next-generation ANNs for the 21st century will drive a series of transformative revolutions: philosophically,a paradigm shift from mind-body dualism to embodied cognitive science based on embodied perception monism; theoretically,a disciplinary expansion from 20th century biophysics to 21st century cognitive physics; model-wise,a fundamental transition of ANN research from data fitting into structural reconstruction; in application,bridging the long-standing gap between disembodied intelligence and embodied intelligence in ANN development; generationally,an evolutionary leap from 4G-ANNs to 5G-ANNs characterized by brain-like cognitive capabilities and adaptive topological structures. This work lays a solid foundation for the widespread application of embodied cognitive robots with learning,self-development,self-correction,and human-robot interaction capabilities. Furthermore,it supports the convergent development of nano-bio-info-cogno,or the four cutting-edge technologies led by cognitive integration. Finally,this work enhances human intellectual competence and ushers in a new round of cognitive revolution.
, authors=Hong Bao1
, 2, Tianjiao Liang3
, *, Ying Zheng2, authorsList=Hong Bao, Tianjiao Liang, Ying Zheng, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Tianjiao Liang, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1322949749141287338, articleId=1322949745089589666, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1249024232475115590, language=CN, title=21世纪新一代人工神经网络—具身认知神经网络, columnId=1249044010992603937, journalTitle=中国图象图形学报, columnName=综述, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
面向21世纪,为构建一种具有自适应结构、可解释、泛化强和能效高的人工神经网络(artificial neural network,ANN),对新一代ANN的基础理论、模型和架构进行探索。按时间线,ANN从20世纪40年代首次提出,发展至今已80多年,并将延展至21世纪中叶,本文按5个维度特征将ANN划分成5个时代。当前,处在第4代ANN,其主要特征是数据拟合、深度学习、注意力机制和Transformer结构,以大语言模型为基础的ChatGPT (chat generative pre-trained Transformer)为代表,通过了对话式图灵测试,但属于“黑箱”测试,并局限于离身智能形态的涌现。根源是基于规模扩展缩放定律的大语言模型本质上不对称性,缺乏对现实世界物理规律的理解,多模态、多任务、多形态输出智能呈锯齿型且能效低;而具身智能形态机器人的神经网络还缺少自主智能,只能按预设程序完成规定动作,ANN在离身智能和具身智能之间出现巨大鸿沟。为解决第4代ANN的这些重大缺陷,需要新的理论、模型和架构支撑。当前,围绕下一代ANN的发展方向和技术路线,出现了很多争论和分歧。本文追溯前4代ANN主流理论、模型和架构的发展,重点分析了第4代ANN的特征,评述了面向第5代ANN的世界模型与联合嵌入预测架构、认知螺旋模型与智痕元胞网络架构。最后,以认知物理学理论和驾驶脑认知技术实践为基础,提出一种具有第5代ANN核心特征的具身认知物理神经网络(embodied-cognitive physics neural networks,E-CoPNN)轻量化架构,基于具身认知架构研发的全球首个跨具身视觉语言基础模型,在跨域的自动驾驶12项基准与具身智能 17 项基准均达到 SOTA,量化验证了统一具身认知模型的双向正向迁移能力。当今,构建面向21世纪的新一代ANN,在哲学上,将从身心二元论转向具身知觉一元论;在基础科学上,将从20世纪的生物物理学升级到21世纪的认知物理学;在数学上,从量的关系拓展到形的关系;在模型上,将推动ANN研究范式从数据拟合转向结构重构;在应用上,将填补ANN发展中离身智能与具身智能的鸿沟,为实现会学习、自成长、自纠错以及可交互的具身认知机器人广泛应用奠定基础;在代际演进上,将从第4代ANN跃升到具有类脑认知和动态自适应结构等特征的第5代ANN;支撑认知为融合先导的四大科技“纳米—生物—信息—认知”聚合发展,提高人类认知能力,迎接新一轮的认知革命。
, authors=鲍泓1
, 2, 梁天骄3
, *, 郑颖2, authorsList=鲍泓, 梁天骄, 郑颖, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=梁天骄, authorNote=
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1 Beijing Key Laboratory of Information Service Engineering,Beijing Union University,Beijing 100101,China
2 School of Robotics/School of Artificial Intelligence,Beijing Union University,Beijing 100027,China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1322949749879484857, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1249024232475115590, articleId=1322949745089589666, authorId=1322949749732684213, language=CN, stringName=鲍泓, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1
, 2, address=
1 北京联合大学北京市信息服务工程重点实验室,北京 100101
2 北京联合大学机器人学院/人工智能学院,北京 100027, bio={"content":"
鲍泓,男,教授,主要研究方向为视觉信息的认知计算和智能驾驶。E-mail:baohong@buu.edu.cn
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鲍泓,男,教授,主要研究方向为视觉信息的认知计算和智能驾驶。E-mail:baohong@buu.edu.cn
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3 School of Computer Science and Technology,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1322949750089200062, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1249024232475115590, articleId=1322949745089589666, authorId=1322949749942399419, language=CN, stringName=梁天骄, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=3
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3 中国科学院大学计算机科学与技术学院,北京 100049, bio={"content":"
梁天骄,通信作者,男,博士研究生,主要研究方向为机器视觉和智能驾驶。E-mail:liangtianjiao23@mails.ucas.ac.cn
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梁天骄,通信作者,男,博士研究生,主要研究方向为机器视觉和智能驾驶。E-mail:liangtianjiao23@mails.ucas.ac.cn
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2 北京联合大学机器人学院/人工智能学院,北京 100027, bio={"content":"
郑颖,女,博士,讲师,主要研究方向为图神经网络和智能驾驶。E-mail:jqrzhengyin@buu.edu.cn
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郑颖,女,博士,讲师,主要研究方向为图神经网络和智能驾驶。E-mail:jqrzhengyin@buu.edu.cn
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