Article(id=1249044010443150108, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1249024232475115590, issueId=1249044006114628363, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.11834/jig.250029, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1737561600000, receivedDateStr=2025-01-23, revisedDate=1745510400000, revisedDateStr=2025-04-25, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1775724898205, onlineDateStr=2026-04-09, pubDate=1765814400000, pubDateStr=2025-12-16, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1775724898205, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-04-09, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1775724898205, creator=13041195026, updateTime=1775724898205, updator=13041195026, issue=Issue{id=1249044006114628363, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1249024232475115590, year='2025', volume='30', issue='12', pageStart='3707', pageEnd='3968', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1775724897161, creator=13041195026, updateTime=1775726353303, updator=13041195026, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1249050113662984471, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1249024232475115590, issueId=1249044006114628363, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1249050113667178776, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1249024232475115590, issueId=1249044006114628363, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=3782, endPage=3803, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1249044010870969119, articleId=1249044010443150108, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1249024232475115590, language=EN, title=Recent progress in rotation-invariant point cloud networks, columnId=1249044010699002654, journalTitle=Journal of Image and Graphics, columnName=Review, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
In recent years, deep learning networks for point clouds have achieved remarkable advancements, with their robust semantic understanding capabilities propelling research across the entire field of three-dimensional (3D) computer vision. These advancements have enabled accurate and efficient processing of 3D data, supporting applications in autonomous driving, robotics, remote sensing and mapping, and augmented reality. However, 3D point clouds often exhibit complex transformation symmetries, with rotation being a particularly challenging yet critical factor. The spatial coordinates of point clouds, which are the fundamental input to point cloud networks, undergo substantial changes, resulting in feature output variations. However, the semantic information embedded within point clouds theoretically remains consistent under various rotational transformations. This spatial variability substantially impacts the stability and reliability of conventional point cloud deep learning networks in semantic perception tasks, such as recognition, classification, and segmentation, reducing their effectiveness in real-world scenarios characterized by arbitrary orientations and poses. Early studies primarily relied on rotational data augmentation to enhance the robustness of point cloud networks against rotational variations. While data augmentation can improve generalization to some extent, it falls short of addressing the fundamental issue posed by the infinite and continuous nature of the rotation group. Acknowledging these limitations, an increasing number of researchers have shifted their focus toward designing rotation-invariant point cloud deep learning networks, which aim to mitigate the impact of rotation on feature extraction at the architectural level. Therefore, researchers seek to achieve consistent semantic perception regardless of point cloud orientation, thereby enhancing the applicability of deep learning models in real-world scenarios where data can be encountered in arbitrary poses. This paper presents a comprehensive survey of the current state of research on rotation-invariant point cloud networks. The research background is first outlined to highlight the importance of rotation invariance in 3D vision tasks and the challenges posed by rotational symmetries in point cloud data. Then, a systematic categorization of the prevailing mainstream methods is investigated. Particularly, the rotation-invariant point cloud networks can be broadly classified into the following three categories: 1) geometric-guided rotation-invariant methods: Using the traditional geometric analysis algorithms, these methods extract rotation-invariant geometric representations such as relative distances, angles, local reference frames, and canonical poses. These representations are then integrated into point cloud networks, facilitating learning of high-level semantic features and maintaining robustness to rotational transformations simultaneously. 2) Feature-guided rotation-invariant methods: These methods employ rotation-equivariant point cloud networks to extract point cloud representations that contain shape and pose information. Leveraging the inherent principles of equivariant networks, they subsequently remove the pose information from the rotation-equivariant representations, obtaining rotation-invariant point cloud features. 3) Training-guided rotation-invariant methods: These methods focus on designing sophisticated and highly generalizable rotational data augmentation training schemes, allowing non-rotation-invariant point cloud networks to gradually acquire robustness of rotations and achieve stable performance simultaneously. An in-depth analysis of the core concepts and algorithmic improvements that support these methods is provided for each category. The current research content on this issue and methodologies within the academic community are outlined, and the advantages and disadvantages of each method are summarized and compared. Subsequently, a comprehensive overview of the prevalent downstream tasks in the research of rotation-invariant point cloud networks is presented. These tasks include point cloud classification, point cloud segmentation, and point cloud retrieval. For each of these tasks, an in-depth discussion of the commonly employed datasets and evaluation metrics, which are essential for assessing network performance, is provided. Additionally, the quantitative performance metrics of mainstream rotation-invariant point cloud networks applied to these tasks are summarized and analyzed, offering a comparative perspective on their efficacy and robustness under rotational variations. Afterward, the downstream application prospects of rotation-invariant point cloud deep learning networks, including point cloud self-supervised representation learning, end-to-end point cloud registration, and point cloud completion, are examined and summarized. Finally, an outlook on future developments and research hotspots is presented. In addition to the ongoing development of new rotation-invariant point cloud networks, three primary issues warrant further research: 1) discrimination of effective geometric attributes. Current approaches are limited by the design of geometric attribute extraction algorithms. An in-depth discussion and determination of the effectiveness of different rotation-invariant geometric attributes within deep learning frameworks could yield novel insights and foster the development of innovative strategies to advance this field. 2) Highly integratable rotation-invariant mechanism. On the one hand, existing non-rotation-invariant point cloud networks continue to demonstrate strong performance on aligned data. The challenge lies in incorporating rotation invariance into these networks in a straightforward manner degrading their original performance. This challenge remains a key research topic because seamless integration requires innovative architectural designs and methodological approaches. On the other hand, rotation-invariant point cloud networks should also exhibit simplicity and reusability, enabling their direct application to downstream tasks with minimal adaptation. 3) High computational efficiency in invariant feature extraction modules. Although many existing methods demonstrate commendable performance, they often incur substantial time and computational costs, making it challenging to efficiently process large-scale point cloud data. Therefore, designing more efficient rotation-invariant point cloud networks that maintain robust feature extraction capabilities while minimizing computational overhead is crucial. Addressing the aforementioned challenges will notably enhance the effectiveness and practicality of rotation-invariant point cloud deep learning networks, facilitating their widespread adoption in complex 3D environments. This survey aims to provide researchers in 3D computer vision with a foundational understanding of current methodologies, highlight key challenges, and suggest potential avenues for future research.
, correspAuthors=Jiaqi Yang, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Zhengbao Wang, Zhenxuan Zeng, Xuan Ouyang, Haozhe Chen, Linjie Li, Jiaqi Yang), CN=ArticleExt(id=1249044020090049531, articleId=1249044010443150108, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1249024232475115590, language=CN, title=旋转不变点云网络研究进展, columnId=1249044010992603937, journalTitle=中国图象图形学报, columnName=综述, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
点云深度学习网络取得显著进展,表现出的强大语义理解能力推动着整个三维视觉领域的进步。然而三维点云通常表现出复杂的变换对称性,其中旋转是一个具有挑战性且必要的主题。不同旋转变换下点云的语义信息一致,但空间坐标不同,这影响了常规点云深度学习网络在语义感知方面的稳定性,难以应用到任意姿态的现实场景。早期的研究主要采用旋转数据增强的方式,但由于旋转本身的无限性和连续性,这种简易方案并不能满足需求。因此,越来越多的学者着手研究具有旋转不变属性的点云深度学习网络,在网络设计层面排除旋转对于特征提取的影响。本文对于旋转不变点云网络相关研究进行充分调研,分析其中存在的挑战,并系统整理相关主流方法,依据旋转不变能力获取方式的不同,将其划分为几何旋转不变方法、特征旋转不变方法和训练旋转不变方法。本文详细描述了当前学术界在该问题上的研究内容和方法,总结和对比各类方法的优缺点,并对常用的一些数据集和评价指标进行整理总结。最后,本文调研和总结了旋转不变点云深度学习网络的下游应用前景,并对未来发展和研究热点进行展望。
, correspAuthors=杨佳琪, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
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, authorsList=王正宝, 曾振轩, 欧阳轩, 陈昊哲, 李林杰, 杨佳琪)}, authors=[Author(id=1249044022078148635, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1249024232475115590, articleId=1249044010443150108, orderNo=0, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=npu-wzb@mail.nwpu.edu.cn, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1249044022233337894, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1249024232475115590, articleId=1249044010443150108, authorId=1249044022078148635, language=EN, stringName=Zhengbao Wang, firstName=Zhengbao, middleName=null, lastName=Wang, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address=
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王正宝,男,硕士研究生,主要研究方向为点云表征。E-mail: npu-wzb@mail.nwpu.edu.cn
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王正宝,男,硕士研究生,主要研究方向为点云表征。E-mail: npu-wzb@mail.nwpu.edu.cn
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1School of Computer Science,Northwestern Polytechnical University,Xi’an710072,China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1249044022648574023, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1249024232475115590, articleId=1249044010443150108, authorId=1249044022401110067, language=CN, stringName=曾振轩, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address=
1西北工业大学计算机学院,西安710072, bio={"content":"
杨佳琪,通信作者,男,长聘副教授,主要研究方向为计算资源、数据标签受限条件下的三维配准重建。E-mail: jqyang@mail.nwpu.edu.cn
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杨佳琪,通信作者,男,长聘副教授,主要研究方向为计算资源、数据标签受限条件下的三维配准重建。E-mail: jqyang@mail.nwpu.edu.cn
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曾振轩,男,硕士研究生,主要研究方向为刚性点云配准。E-mail: zengzhenxuan@mail.nwpu.edu.cn
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曾振轩,男,硕士研究生,主要研究方向为刚性点云配准。E-mail: zengzhenxuan@mail.nwpu.edu.cn
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1西北工业大学计算机学院,西安710072, bio={"content":"
欧阳轩,男,硕士研究生,主要研究方向为刚性点云配准。E-mail: ouyangxuan@mail.nwpu.edu.cn
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欧阳轩,男,硕士研究生,主要研究方向为刚性点云配准。E-mail: ouyangxuan@mail.nwpu.edu.cn
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1西北工业大学计算机学院,西安710072, bio={"content":"
陈昊哲,男,硕士研究生,主要研究方向为非刚性点云配准。E-mail: caelumchz@gmail.com
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陈昊哲,男,硕士研究生,主要研究方向为非刚性点云配准。E-mail: caelumchz@gmail.com
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10.1109/CVPR52729.2023.00124], articleTitle=E2PN: efficient SE(3)-equivariant point network, refAbstract=null)], funds=null, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1249044020605947922, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1249024232475115590, articleId=1249044010443150108, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1249044020614336531, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1249024232475115590, articleId=1249044010443150108, companyId=1249044020605947922, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=
1School of Computer Science,Northwestern Polytechnical University,Xi’an710072,China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1249044020622725140, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1249024232475115590, articleId=1249044010443150108, companyId=1249044020605947922, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=
1西北工业大学计算机学院,西安710072)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1249044028277330129, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1249024232475115590, articleId=1249044010443150108, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=
Taxonomy of rotation invariant point cloud networks, figureFileSmall=DWmwQfb4D8afapsiGkH9HA==, figureFileBig=D2HeI8qhdFT5bRknRj6KaA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1249044028365410518, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1249024232475115590, articleId=1249044010443150108, language=CN, label=图1, caption=
旋转不变点云网络总体分类图, figureFileSmall=DWmwQfb4D8afapsiGkH9HA==, figureFileBig=D2HeI8qhdFT5bRknRj6KaA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1249044028591902944, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1249024232475115590, articleId=1249044010443150108, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=
Chronological overview of representative rotation invariant point cloud networks, figureFileSmall=5JK0Kc+UjYbwWX5I1fn9/w==, figureFileBig=6AbAPMd5PIncKguqif/LjA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1249044028696760548, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1249024232475115590, articleId=1249044010443150108, language=CN, label=图2, caption=
旋转不变点云网络典型方法发展脉络图, figureFileSmall=5JK0Kc+UjYbwWX5I1fn9/w==, figureFileBig=6AbAPMd5PIncKguqif/LjA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1249044028789035238, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1249024232475115590, articleId=1249044010443150108, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=
Overall framework of this review, figureFileSmall=xwdKsmZSkWJ02xdR1jdYrg==, figureFileBig=V4Tnj0bRS9/cdFM8uqb+8w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1249044028872921323, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1249024232475115590, articleId=1249044010443150108, language=CN, label=图3, caption=
全文结构框架图, figureFileSmall=xwdKsmZSkWJ02xdR1jdYrg==, figureFileBig=V4Tnj0bRS9/cdFM8uqb+8w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1249044028961001713, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1249024232475115590, articleId=1249044010443150108, language=EN, label=Fig.4, caption=
The logical framework of geometric-guided rotation invariant point cloud networks, figureFileSmall=amYg5MT4xcX5e4IJCtSSKQ==, figureFileBig=d/DbyO19lhurpdIYOy7ZHg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1249044029044887798, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1249024232475115590, articleId=1249044010443150108, language=CN, label=图4, caption=
几何旋转不变方法逻辑示意图, figureFileSmall=amYg5MT4xcX5e4IJCtSSKQ==, figureFileBig=d/DbyO19lhurpdIYOy7ZHg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1249044029124579579, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1249024232475115590, articleId=1249044010443150108, language=EN, label=Fig.5, caption=
The illustration of RIConv operator construction, figureFileSmall=W5e/rtzC85L+CKtw3LPT+w==, figureFileBig=vwzYRWjDqgli3ndIJu1slQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1249044029212659968, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1249024232475115590, articleId=1249044010443150108, language=CN, label=图5, caption=
RIConv卷积算子, figureFileSmall=W5e/rtzC85L+CKtw3LPT+w==, figureFileBig=vwzYRWjDqgli3ndIJu1slQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1249044029304934661, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1249024232475115590, articleId=1249044010443150108, language=EN, label=Fig.6, caption=
The ambiguity of similar geometry in different local regions, figureFileSmall=2W/6OPyN6gGXTDqltdfpHQ==, figureFileBig=gQ00MAHZUUumKn5Zroy2Yw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1249044029397209354, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1249024232475115590, articleId=1249044010443150108, language=CN, label=图6, caption=
不同局部邻域几何属性高度相似致使模糊性, figureFileSmall=2W/6OPyN6gGXTDqltdfpHQ==, figureFileBig=gQ00MAHZUUumKn5Zroy2Yw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1249044029514649872, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1249024232475115590, articleId=1249044010443150108, language=EN, label=Fig.7, caption=
The illustration of RI-GCN’s local feature extraction module, figureFileSmall=uMImjkT/AMz9aixB4ord5g==, figureFileBig=4FBaugZoySxTOEbIC01cbw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1249044031091708180, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1249024232475115590, articleId=1249044010443150108, language=CN, label=图7, caption=
RI-GCN局部特征提取流程, figureFileSmall=uMImjkT/AMz9aixB4ord5g==, figureFileBig=4FBaugZoySxTOEbIC01cbw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1249044031200760090, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1249024232475115590, articleId=1249044010443150108, language=EN, label=Fig.8, caption=
The logical framework of feature-guided rotation invariant point cloud networks, figureFileSmall=KgdM2QsqlTKPNdOfRNi4JQ==, figureFileBig=jn2t0gW/dqipWr39EFvhYQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1249044031347560733, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1249024232475115590, articleId=1249044010443150108, language=CN, label=图8, caption=
特征旋转不变方法逻辑示意图, figureFileSmall=KgdM2QsqlTKPNdOfRNi4JQ==, figureFileBig=jn2t0gW/dqipWr39EFvhYQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1249044031452418338, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1249024232475115590, articleId=1249044010443150108, language=EN, label=Fig.9, caption=
The overall architecture of Rot-SO-Net, figureFileSmall=SgcNsjXouJPPmFtn80mF+g==, figureFileBig=7nPU1gxUGqe1O4JD28xMiA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1249044031527915814, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1249024232475115590, articleId=1249044010443150108, language=CN, label=图9, caption=
Rot-SO-Net网络框架, figureFileSmall=SgcNsjXouJPPmFtn80mF+g==, figureFileBig=7nPU1gxUGqe1O4JD28xMiA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1249044031624384811, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1249024232475115590, articleId=1249044010443150108, language=EN, label=Fig.10, caption=
The overall architecture of PRIN, figureFileSmall=yg/SX8S/fsVfRfHV7cLo0g==, figureFileBig=byHZWGi8mJV5XjGuWDM4Rg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1249044031733436722, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1249024232475115590, articleId=1249044010443150108, language=CN, label=图10, caption=
PRIN网络框架, figureFileSmall=yg/SX8S/fsVfRfHV7cLo0g==, figureFileBig=byHZWGi8mJV5XjGuWDM4Rg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1249044031800545588, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1249024232475115590, articleId=1249044010443150108, language=EN, label=Fig.11, caption=
Comparison of scalar neurons and vector neurons, figureFileSmall=O5reJGbYlPnqnC2G5RbDZw==, figureFileBig=uWWxbxblt8G7ih4pSwNXWQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1249044031876043062, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1249024232475115590, articleId=1249044010443150108, language=CN, label=图11, caption=
标量神经元与向量神经元对比图, figureFileSmall=O5reJGbYlPnqnC2G5RbDZw==, figureFileBig=uWWxbxblt8G7ih4pSwNXWQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1249044031951540540, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1249024232475115590, articleId=1249044010443150108, language=EN, label=Fig.12, caption=
The illustration of the rotation-equivariance of REQNN’s quaternion features, figureFileSmall=1coWYXdDRQaCekG0Hqe7Tw==, figureFileBig=Y7sf+DEMmhjtsrfdo2ZX4Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1249044032043815231, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1249024232475115590, articleId=1249044010443150108, language=CN, label=图12, caption=
REQNN四元数旋转等变特征, figureFileSmall=1coWYXdDRQaCekG0Hqe7Tw==, figureFileBig=Y7sf+DEMmhjtsrfdo2ZX4Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1249044032136089921, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1249024232475115590, articleId=1249044010443150108, language=EN, label=Fig.13, caption=
The illustration of the T-Net module, figureFileSmall=ZPsFSfoCk3gs5j7NLxttzA==, figureFileBig=h6oTQbubIVTgYx9BdOwpCw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1249044032245141830, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1249024232475115590, articleId=1249044010443150108, language=CN, label=图13, caption=
T-Net模块, figureFileSmall=ZPsFSfoCk3gs5j7NLxttzA==, figureFileBig=h6oTQbubIVTgYx9BdOwpCw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1249044032349999433, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1249024232475115590, articleId=1249044010443150108, language=EN, label=Tab.1, caption=
Classification performance of representative rotation invariant point cloud networks in the ModelNet40 dataset
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 类别 | 方法 | 总体分类精度(OA) |
|---|
| Z/Z | Z/SO(3) | SO(3)/SO(3) |
|---|
| 几何旋转不变方法 | ClusterNet(Chen等,2019) | 87.1 | 87.1 | 87.1 |
| RIConv(Zhang等,2019b) | 86.5 | 86.4 | 86.4 |
| RI-GCN(Kim等,2020) | 89.5 | 89.5 | 89.5 |
| PRinvNet(Yu等,2020) | 89.2 | 89.2 | 89.2 |
| SGMNet(Xu等,2021) | 90.0 | 90.0 | 90.0 |
| RI-framework(Li等,2022) | 89.4 | 89.4 | 89.3 |
| LGRNet(Zhao等,2022) | 90.9 | 91.1 | 90.9 |
| PARI-Conv(Chen和Cong,2022) | 91.4 | 91.4 | 91.4 |
| CRIN(Lou等,2023) | 91.8 | 91.8 | 91.8 |
| RISurConv(Zhang等,2025) | 95.6 | 95.6 | 95.6 |
| LocoTrans(Chen等,2024) | 91.6 | 91.6 | 91.5 |
| EIP*(Fei和Deng,2024a) | - | 89.6 | - |
| GEConvNet(Bello等,2025) | 91.7 | 91.7 | 91.7 |
| GLC-HCAN(Dai等,2025) | 92.5 | 92.5 | 92.5 |
| RotInv-PCT(He等,2025) | 91.1 | 91.1 | 91.1 |
| 特征旋转不变方法 | TFN(Thomas等,2018) | 88.5 | 85.3 | 87.6 |
| PRIN*(You等,2020) | - | 72.4 | - |
| REQNN*(Shen等,2020) | - | 84.6 | - |
| QEC-Net*(Zhao等,2020) | - | 74.1 | - |
| SPRIN*(You等,2022) | - | 86.1 | - |
| VN-DGCNN(Deng等,2021a) | 89.5 | 89.5 | 90.2 |
| E2PN*(Zhu等,2023) | 90.5 | 44.4 | 88.6 |
| TetraSphere(Melnyk等,2024) | 90.5 | 90.5 | |
| SE3Conv3D(Weijler和Hermosilla,2025) | - | 87.0 | 89.0 |
| 训练旋转不变方法 | RTN(Deng等,2021b) | - | - | 90.2 |
| ART-Point(Wang等,2022) | - | - | 90.5 |
| SPE-Net(Zhang等,2022) | 92.7 | 89.7 | 91.8 |
| PaRot(Zhang等,2023) | 90.9 | 91.0 | 90.8 |
), ArticleFig(id=1249044032438079821, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1249024232475115590, articleId=1249044010443150108, language=CN, label=表1, caption=
ModelNet40数据集下各类旋转不变点云网络代表性方法的分类性能
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| 类别 | 方法 | 总体分类精度(OA) |
|---|
| Z/Z | Z/SO(3) | SO(3)/SO(3) |
|---|
| 几何旋转不变方法 | ClusterNet(Chen等,2019) | 87.1 | 87.1 | 87.1 |
| RIConv(Zhang等,2019b) | 86.5 | 86.4 | 86.4 |
| RI-GCN(Kim等,2020) | 89.5 | 89.5 | 89.5 |
| PRinvNet(Yu等,2020) | 89.2 | 89.2 | 89.2 |
| SGMNet(Xu等,2021) | 90.0 | 90.0 | 90.0 |
| RI-framework(Li等,2022) | 89.4 | 89.4 | 89.3 |
| LGRNet(Zhao等,2022) | 90.9 | 91.1 | 90.9 |
| PARI-Conv(Chen和Cong,2022) | 91.4 | 91.4 | 91.4 |
| CRIN(Lou等,2023) | 91.8 | 91.8 | 91.8 |
| RISurConv(Zhang等,2025) | 95.6 | 95.6 | 95.6 |
| LocoTrans(Chen等,2024) | 91.6 | 91.6 | 91.5 |
| EIP*(Fei和Deng,2024a) | - | 89.6 | - |
| GEConvNet(Bello等,2025) | 91.7 | 91.7 | 91.7 |
| GLC-HCAN(Dai等,2025) | 92.5 | 92.5 | 92.5 |
| RotInv-PCT(He等,2025) | 91.1 | 91.1 | 91.1 |
| 特征旋转不变方法 | TFN(Thomas等,2018) | 88.5 | 85.3 | 87.6 |
| PRIN*(You等,2020) | - | 72.4 | - |
| REQNN*(Shen等,2020) | - | 84.6 | - |
| QEC-Net*(Zhao等,2020) | - | 74.1 | - |
| SPRIN*(You等,2022) | - | 86.1 | - |
| VN-DGCNN(Deng等,2021a) | 89.5 | 89.5 | 90.2 |
| E2PN*(Zhu等,2023) | 90.5 | 44.4 | 88.6 |
| TetraSphere(Melnyk等,2024) | 90.5 | 90.5 | |
| SE3Conv3D(Weijler和Hermosilla,2025) | - | 87.0 | 89.0 |
| 训练旋转不变方法 | RTN(Deng等,2021b) | - | - | 90.2 |
| ART-Point(Wang等,2022) | - | - | 90.5 |
| SPE-Net(Zhang等,2022) | 92.7 | 89.7 | 91.8 |
| PaRot(Zhang等,2023) | 90.9 | 91.0 | 90.8 |
), ArticleFig(id=1249044032517771600, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1249024232475115590, articleId=1249044010443150108, language=EN, label=Tab.2, caption=
ShapeNetPart segmentation performance of representative rotation invariant point cloud networks
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| 类别 | 方法 | 年份 | 实例均值IoU (ins.) | 类均值 IoU (cls) |
|---|
| Z/Z | Z/SO(3) | SO(3)/SO(3) | Z/Z | Z/SO(3) | SO(3)/SO(3) |
|---|
| 几何旋转不变方法 | RIConv(Zhang等,2019b) | 2019 | - | 80.2 | 80.2 | - | 75.3 | 75.5 |
| RI-GCN(Kim等,2020) | 2020 | - | - | - | - | 77.2 | 77.3 |
| PRinvNet(Yu等,2020) | 2020 | - | - | - | 79.4 | 79.4 | 79.4 |
| SGMNet(Xu等,2021) | 2021 | - | - | - | 79.3 | 79.3 | 79.3 |
| RI-framework(Li等,2022) | 2022 | - | 82.0 | 82.3 | - | 79.2 | 79.4 |
| LGRNet(Zhao等,2022) | 2022 | - | 82.4 | 82.7 | - | 80.0 | 80.1 |
| PARI-Conv(Chen和Cong,2022) | 2022 | | 83.8 | 83.8 | - | - | - |
| CRIN(Lou等,2023) | 2023 | - | - | - | 80.5 | 80.5 | 80.5 |
| LocoTrans(Chen等,2024) | 2024 | - | 84.0 | 83.8 | - | 80.1 | 80.0 |
| EIP*(Fei和Deng,2024a) | 2024 | - | 84.9 | - | - | 82.1 | - |
| RISurConv(Zhang等,2025) | 2025 | - | - | - | - | 81.3 | 81.3 |
| GEConvNet(Bello等,2025) | 2025 | - | | | - | 82.5 | 82.5 |
| RotInv-PCT(He等,2025) | 2025 | - | - | - | 82.3 | 82.3 | 82.3 |
| 特征旋转不变方法 | PRIN*(You等,2020) | 2020 | - | 71.2 | - | - | 66.8 | - |
| SPRIN*(You等,2022) | 2021 | - | 82.7 | - | - | 79.5 | - |
| VN-DGCNN(Deng等,2021a) | 2021 | - | 81.4 | 81.4 | - | - | - |
| TetraSphere(Melnyk等,2024) | 2024 | 82.3 | 82.3 | - | - | - | - |
| 训练旋转不变方法 | RTN(Deng等,2021b) | 2021 | - | - | 82.8 | - | - | - |
| SPE-Net(Zhang等,2022) | 2022 | - | 87.1 | 87.8 | - | - | - |
| PaRot(Zhang等,2023) | 2023 | - | - | - | - | 79.2 | 79.5 |
), ArticleFig(id=1249044032614240595, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1249024232475115590, articleId=1249044010443150108, language=CN, label=表2, caption=
ShapeNetPart数据集下各类旋转不变点云网络代表性方法的分割性能
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| 类别 | 方法 | 年份 | 实例均值IoU (ins.) | 类均值 IoU (cls) |
|---|
| Z/Z | Z/SO(3) | SO(3)/SO(3) | Z/Z | Z/SO(3) | SO(3)/SO(3) |
|---|
| 几何旋转不变方法 | RIConv(Zhang等,2019b) | 2019 | - | 80.2 | 80.2 | - | 75.3 | 75.5 |
| RI-GCN(Kim等,2020) | 2020 | - | - | - | - | 77.2 | 77.3 |
| PRinvNet(Yu等,2020) | 2020 | - | - | - | 79.4 | 79.4 | 79.4 |
| SGMNet(Xu等,2021) | 2021 | - | - | - | 79.3 | 79.3 | 79.3 |
| RI-framework(Li等,2022) | 2022 | - | 82.0 | 82.3 | - | 79.2 | 79.4 |
| LGRNet(Zhao等,2022) | 2022 | - | 82.4 | 82.7 | - | 80.0 | 80.1 |
| PARI-Conv(Chen和Cong,2022) | 2022 | | 83.8 | 83.8 | - | - | - |
| CRIN(Lou等,2023) | 2023 | - | - | - | 80.5 | 80.5 | 80.5 |
| LocoTrans(Chen等,2024) | 2024 | - | 84.0 | 83.8 | - | 80.1 | 80.0 |
| EIP*(Fei和Deng,2024a) | 2024 | - | 84.9 | - | - | 82.1 | - |
| RISurConv(Zhang等,2025) | 2025 | - | - | - | - | 81.3 | 81.3 |
| GEConvNet(Bello等,2025) | 2025 | - | | | - | 82.5 | 82.5 |
| RotInv-PCT(He等,2025) | 2025 | - | - | - | 82.3 | 82.3 | 82.3 |
| 特征旋转不变方法 | PRIN*(You等,2020) | 2020 | - | 71.2 | - | - | 66.8 | - |
| SPRIN*(You等,2022) | 2021 | - | 82.7 | - | - | 79.5 | - |
| VN-DGCNN(Deng等,2021a) | 2021 | - | 81.4 | 81.4 | - | - | - |
| TetraSphere(Melnyk等,2024) | 2024 | 82.3 | 82.3 | - | - | - | - |
| 训练旋转不变方法 | RTN(Deng等,2021b) | 2021 | - | - | 82.8 | - | - | - |
| SPE-Net(Zhang等,2022) | 2022 | - | 87.1 | 87.8 | - | - | - |
| PaRot(Zhang等,2023) | 2023 | - | - | - | - | 79.2 | 79.5 |
), ArticleFig(id=1249044032723292502, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1249024232475115590, articleId=1249044010443150108, language=EN, label=Tab.3, caption=
Summary of different types of rotation invariant point cloud networks
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| 方法类别 | 代表性算法 | 特点 | 优势 | 劣势 |
|---|
| 几何旋转不变 | RIConv(Zhang等,2019b) LGRNet(Zhao等,2022) PARI-Conv(Chen和Cong,2022b) EIP(Fei和Deng,2024a) RISurConv(Zhang等,2025) | 基于传统几何分析(距离、夹角、局部参考系、规范姿态等),在旋转不变的几何属性空间或坐标空间上提取点云特征。 | 理论较为简单,可解释性强。相关点云网络通过几何预处理消除旋转影响,直接保证旋转不变性。 | 相较于其他两类方法,传统几何分析预处理存在一定的信息损失。 |
| 特征旋转不变 | TFN(Thomas等,2018) PRIN(You等,2020) REQNN(Shen等,2020) TetraSphere(Melnyk等,2024) SE3Conv3D (Weijler和Hermosilla,2025) | 利用旋转等变点云网络提取旋转等变特征,通过后处理(池化、内积等)剥离等变特征中的姿态信息,获得旋转不变点云特征。 | 理论完备性高。相关点云网络直接输入点云数据,接收信息更为完整。 | 复杂的网络设计理论使得相关方法难以拓展到更大规模的点云数据,并且后处理步骤难以保证完整姿态无关信息的保留。 |
| 训练旋转不变 | RTN(Deng等,2021b) ART-Point(Wang等,2022) SPE-Net(Zhang等,2022) PaRot(Zhang等,2023) | 通过数据增强(随机旋转)、添加子模块(T-Net)以及复杂训练策略(对抗训练、孪生学习)驱动常规点云网络学习旋转不变性约束。 | 易与前沿非旋转不变点云网络相结合,无须修改点云网络基本结构。 | 无法严格保证旋转不变性,且SO(3)群的无限连续性使旋转增强难以覆盖所有姿态,目前缺乏强有力的理论支持。 |
), ArticleFig(id=1249044032815567195, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1249024232475115590, articleId=1249044010443150108, language=CN, label=表3, caption=
各类旋转不变点云网络定性归纳总结
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| 方法类别 | 代表性算法 | 特点 | 优势 | 劣势 |
|---|
| 几何旋转不变 | RIConv(Zhang等,2019b) LGRNet(Zhao等,2022) PARI-Conv(Chen和Cong,2022b) EIP(Fei和Deng,2024a) RISurConv(Zhang等,2025) | 基于传统几何分析(距离、夹角、局部参考系、规范姿态等),在旋转不变的几何属性空间或坐标空间上提取点云特征。 | 理论较为简单,可解释性强。相关点云网络通过几何预处理消除旋转影响,直接保证旋转不变性。 | 相较于其他两类方法,传统几何分析预处理存在一定的信息损失。 |
| 特征旋转不变 | TFN(Thomas等,2018) PRIN(You等,2020) REQNN(Shen等,2020) TetraSphere(Melnyk等,2024) SE3Conv3D (Weijler和Hermosilla,2025) | 利用旋转等变点云网络提取旋转等变特征,通过后处理(池化、内积等)剥离等变特征中的姿态信息,获得旋转不变点云特征。 | 理论完备性高。相关点云网络直接输入点云数据,接收信息更为完整。 | 复杂的网络设计理论使得相关方法难以拓展到更大规模的点云数据,并且后处理步骤难以保证完整姿态无关信息的保留。 |
| 训练旋转不变 | RTN(Deng等,2021b) ART-Point(Wang等,2022) SPE-Net(Zhang等,2022) PaRot(Zhang等,2023) | 通过数据增强(随机旋转)、添加子模块(T-Net)以及复杂训练策略(对抗训练、孪生学习)驱动常规点云网络学习旋转不变性约束。 | 易与前沿非旋转不变点云网络相结合,无须修改点云网络基本结构。 | 无法严格保证旋转不变性,且SO(3)群的无限连续性使旋转增强难以覆盖所有姿态,目前缺乏强有力的理论支持。 |
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