Article(id=1249044010136965915, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1249024232475115590, issueId=1249044006114628363, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.11834/jig.240754, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1735142400000, receivedDateStr=2024-12-26, revisedDate=1743177600000, revisedDateStr=2025-03-29, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1775724898132, onlineDateStr=2026-04-09, pubDate=1765814400000, pubDateStr=2025-12-16, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1775724898132, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-04-09, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1775724898132, creator=13041195026, updateTime=1775724898132, updator=13041195026, issue=Issue{id=1249044006114628363, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1249024232475115590, year='2025', volume='30', issue='12', pageStart='3707', pageEnd='3968', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1775724897161, creator=13041195026, updateTime=1775726353303, updator=13041195026, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1249050113662984471, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1249024232475115590, issueId=1249044006114628363, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1249050113667178776, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1249024232475115590, issueId=1249044006114628363, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=3900, endPage=3913, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1249044010447344413, articleId=1249044010136965915, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1249024232475115590, language=EN, title=Path stepwise estimation network combining social constraint and trajectory endpoints, columnId=1249044008786400014, journalTitle=Journal of Image and Graphics, columnName=Image Understanding and Computer Vision, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective Pedestrian trajectory prediction constitutes a critical research challenge in autonomous driving systems, intelligent security surveillance, and human-robot interaction frameworks. The capability to accurately anticipate pedestrian movement patterns directly influences the operational safety of autonomous vehicles, the responsiveness of surveillance systems, and the adaptability of social robots in dynamic environments. While existing approaches predominantly focus on leveraging sequential data patterns and optimizing model architectures through recurrent neural networks, they often overlook the intrinsic social-semantic characteristics embedded in real-world pedestrian interactions. Current methodologies tend to treat trajectory prediction as a purely sequential modeling task, overlooking three fundamental aspects: 1) the social constraints governing crowd movement patterns, 2) the intentional, destination-oriented nature of human locomotion, and 3) the dynamic adaptation mechanisms pedestrians employ during path navigation. This oversight leads to suboptimal performance, particularly in dense pedestrian scenarios where social interactions and environmental adaptability notably influence movement decisions. Aiming to address these limitations, this paper proposes path stepwise estimation network (PSEN), a novel framework that systematically integrates social relationship modeling, endpoint-aware trajectory planning, and environment-adaptive path refinement. The proposed model bridges the gap between conventional sequence prediction paradigms and the complex socio-spatial dynamics inherent in real-world pedestrian navigation scenarios.
Method This paper incorporates the characteristics of path planning observed in daily human walking, which can be broadly divided into three key aspects. First, social restrictions are considered. The crowd is categorized based on movement direction, speed, and distance to demonstrate these reflections. Intra-class feature learning is then performed on the classified groups. The social relationships between predicted pedestrians and other pedestrians are calculated using social weights to obtain social attention, which affects the subsequent path estimation network. Second, an endpoint estimation network is introduced by stimulating the feature that pedestrians typically identify a destination and then purposefully plan their walking path. This network leverages the strengths of serialized prediction tasks by using spatiotemporal sequences to predict an endpoint. The estimated endpoint serves as a reference condition within the overall network model, guiding the complete path planning process. Third, this paper address the fact that pedestrians constantly fine-tune their local paths and adjust their focus based on environmental context and destination. Aiming to model this behavior, an endpoint and path fine-tuning network is constructed using conditional variational autoencoder (CVAE) and multilayer perceptron (MLP). This module takes the output of the endpoint estimation network as a condition and uses the output from the social restriction module, along with the historical trajectory, as inputs for feature learning. After every three frames of prediction, the social restriction and endpoint module outputs are updated according to the current environment of the pedestrians. This update allows the model to automatically fine-tune the planned path in response to dynamic surroundings.
Result The experiments are conducted by comparing the proposed method with six baseline methods on the ETH/UCY dataset, five baseline methods on the SDD dataset, and four baseline methods on the NBA SportVU dataset. The evaluation metrics used are average displacement error (ADE) and final displacement error (FDE). On the entire ETH/UCY dataset, ADE and FDE are reduced by an average of 5.1% and 7.5%, respectively. On the SDD dataset, reductions of 1% in ADE and 2% in FDE are observed on average. When analyzing individual datasets, the performance improvements are highly pronounced in scenarios with denser pedestrian traffic. Notably, in the ZARA1, ZARA2, and UNIV datasets, the proposed method achieves improvements of over 10% in prediction accuracy. Ablation experiments are also conducted on the ETH/UCY dataset to evaluate the contributions of individual components of the PSEN framework. The experimental results demonstrate that each module of PSEN notably improves the effectiveness of pedestrian trajectory prediction, achieving average reductions of 19% and 31% in ADE and final displacement error FDE, respectively. Ablation experiments are performed in parameters such as social distance, social attention weights, and the number of frames used in stepwise trajectory generation. These experiments confirm that all aspects of the network design positively impact pedestrian trajectory prediction. However, the model does not perform as well on the NBAsportVU dataset. This dataset is characterized by 10 players moving at high speeds, with trajectory endpoints changing dynamically based on in-game situations and players’ intentions. Different from ETH/UCY and SDD datasets, where movement is predictable and socially constrained, the varying roles and tactical decisions of agent in NBA dataset play a crucial role in path planning, making prediction highly challenging. Therefore, achieving accurate predictions by relying solely on time-position information is difficult because the characteristics of pedestrians in this setting notably differ from those in typical pedestrian scenes. In sports scenes, athletes actively seek collisions and obstructions as part of their strategic movement. PSEN does not consider the role-specific behaviors of agents, limiting its effectiveness in such environments.
Conclusion The PSEN model proposed in this paper integrates the serialization task with three key features of real-world pedestrian scenes. By combining recurrent neural networks with a CVAE, PSEN effectively reflects the complex features of pedestrian trajectory prediction in realistic scenarios. The model achieves superior performance on the ETH/UCY and SDD datasets, providing a new direction for subsequent tasks in pedestrian trajectory prediction. However, this study focuses only on interactions among pedestrians and does not consider the relationship between pedestrians and other objects, such as vehicles and obstacles. In novel environments, or in scenes where pedestrians are sparse but other dynamic or static objects are abundant, the performance of the model may degrade. Further research is needed in terms of the relationships between pedestrians and objects, along with their associated feature information.
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目的 多数的行人轨迹预测方法专注于序列化数据的特征,忽略了对行人轨迹的社会语义进行学习。因此,本文着重研究行人轨迹中的社会特征与人类行走特征,提出结合社会约束与轨迹终点的路径逐步估计网络(path stepwise estimation network combining social constraints and trajectory endpoints,PSEN)。
方法 根据人在行走中对路径规划的3个特征:1)社会约束,将人群按照社交约束,依据运动学信息进行分类,并根据社交权重得到被预测行人与类内其他行人的社交注意力,从而影响后续的路径估计网络;2)通过模拟行人会先确定终点,有目的性地规划自己行走的路径这一特征,设计一个终点估计网络,通过时空序列对终点进行预测,对完整的路径规划提供参考价值;3)行人不断根据周边环境与终点进行局部路径微调并重新分配注意力的特征,搭建终点与路径微调网络,实现自动根据环境进行微调路径规划的效果。
结果 实验在ETH/UCY(Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Zürich pedestrian and University of Cyprus pedestrain)数据集上与6种基线方法进行比较,在SDD(Stanford drone dataset)数据集上与5种基线方法进行对比。在ETH/UCY整个数据集中,平均位移误差(average displacement error,ADE)和最终位移误差(final displacement error,FDE)平均降低5.1%和7.5%,在SDD数据集中,ADE和FDE平均降低1%和2%。针对行人较为密集的场景,如ZARA1、ZARA2和UNIV数据集的预测效果均提升10%以上。在ETH/UCY数据集上进行消融实验,证明PSEN各模块均能够提高行人轨迹预测任务的效果,ADE和FDE分别平均降低19%和31%。
结论 本文提出的结合社会约束与轨迹终点的路径逐步估计网络(PSEN),综合了真实世界中行人场景的3个特点,在ETH/UCY和SDD数据集上取得了更优异效果。
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2023. 基于时空图的行人轨迹预测.
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32(12): 284-291 [DOI:
10.15888/j.cnki.csa.009335], articleTitle=基于时空图的行人轨迹预测, refAbstract=null)], funds=null, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1249044015732167599, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1249024232475115590, articleId=1249044010136965915, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1249044015748944817, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1249024232475115590, articleId=1249044010136965915, companyId=1249044015732167599, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=
1School of Computer Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou510006, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1249044015761527730, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1249024232475115590, articleId=1249044010136965915, companyId=1249044015732167599, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=
1中山大学计算机学院,广州510006)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1249044022757625932, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1249024232475115590, articleId=1249044010136965915, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=
Path stepwise estimation network combining social constraints and endpoints(PSEN), figureFileSmall=v7W15Y5mj3WrqQjuzNgJcA==, figureFileBig=JQfNzWPA8E+f49EuaMT1pg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1249044024661839955, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1249024232475115590, articleId=1249044010136965915, language=CN, label=图1, caption=
结合社会约束与终点估计的路径逐步估计网络, figureFileSmall=v7W15Y5mj3WrqQjuzNgJcA==, figureFileBig=JQfNzWPA8E+f49EuaMT1pg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1249044026574442604, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1249024232475115590, articleId=1249044010136965915, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=
Schematic diagram of pedestrian classification according to social restriction module, figureFileSmall=RfThaM0+6H8I/jv8Tf3Anw==, figureFileBig=JzLlezWIf0TN1E8qo0AcLA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1249044026662522993, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1249024232475115590, articleId=1249044010136965915, language=CN, label=图2, caption=
根据社会约束模块对行人分类示意图, figureFileSmall=RfThaM0+6H8I/jv8Tf3Anw==, figureFileBig=JzLlezWIf0TN1E8qo0AcLA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1249044026758991995, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1249024232475115590, articleId=1249044010136965915, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=
Social restriction module, figureFileSmall=HJEsA6C6v1Ogb3Swgd3pVA==, figureFileBig=rC1bddvKeB37CvtWE0nLQA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1249044026859655293, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1249024232475115590, articleId=1249044010136965915, language=CN, label=图3, caption=
社会约束模块, figureFileSmall=HJEsA6C6v1Ogb3Swgd3pVA==, figureFileBig=rC1bddvKeB37CvtWE0nLQA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1249044026960318597, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1249024232475115590, articleId=1249044010136965915, language=EN, label=Fig.4, caption=
Endpoint estimation module, figureFileSmall=ZbOkOBD44828hfo0m6UqUw==, figureFileBig=yzJ8SlKZ7m3OVH0TKH0ysw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1249044027098730635, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1249024232475115590, articleId=1249044010136965915, language=CN, label=图4, caption=
终点估计模块, figureFileSmall=ZbOkOBD44828hfo0m6UqUw==, figureFileBig=yzJ8SlKZ7m3OVH0TKH0ysw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1249044027224559763, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1249024232475115590, articleId=1249044010136965915, language=EN, label=Fig.5, caption=
Path estimation module, figureFileSmall=+oQ/GDIRgP8W6ZZScplGdQ==, figureFileBig=a7anQXl5yCv0NiuJDIsGng==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1249044027300057239, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1249024232475115590, articleId=1249044010136965915, language=CN, label=图5, caption=
路径估计模块, figureFileSmall=+oQ/GDIRgP8W6ZZScplGdQ==, figureFileBig=a7anQXl5yCv0NiuJDIsGng==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1249044027383943326, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1249024232475115590, articleId=1249044010136965915, language=EN, label=Fig.6, caption=
Example diagram of experimental prediction, figureFileSmall=3Yj4qBzV+mSz74tsEnCRFQ==, figureFileBig=NKSyJ7DIjhyiA79sz697yg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1249044027484606629, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1249024232475115590, articleId=1249044010136965915, language=CN, label=图6, caption=
预测结果示例图((a) crowed scenes; (b) sparsely populated scenes)
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Equipment parameters
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| 设备类型 | 名称 | 数量 |
|---|
| CPU | 12th Gen Intel (R) Core i5-12450H | 1 |
| 内存 | 32 GB | 1 |
| SSD | Micron_2450_MTFDKBA1T0TFK | 1 |
| GPU | NVIDIA GeForce RTX 4050 (6 G) | 1 |
), ArticleFig(id=1249044027694321842, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1249024232475115590, articleId=1249044010136965915, language=CN, label=表1, caption=
设备参数
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| 设备类型 | 名称 | 数量 |
|---|
| CPU | 12th Gen Intel (R) Core i5-12450H | 1 |
| 内存 | 32 GB | 1 |
| SSD | Micron_2450_MTFDKBA1T0TFK | 1 |
| GPU | NVIDIA GeForce RTX 4050 (6 G) | 1 |
), ArticleFig(id=1249044027765625014, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1249024232475115590, articleId=1249044010136965915, language=EN, label=Tab.2, caption=
Hyperparameter settings in network models
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| 参数 | 作用 | 数值 |
|---|
| N | 历史轨迹帧数 | 8 |
| K | 预测生成的帧数 | 12 |
 | 社会约束模块中的社交距离 | 5 |
| LSTM-N | LSTM网络层 | 12 |
| Transformer-N | Transformer网络层 | 6 |
 | 社会约束模块中的注意力权重 | 8 |
 | 路径估计模块中的逐步轨迹生成帧数 | 3 |
| Encode-N | 编码器层数 | 4 |
| Decode-N | 解码器层数 | 4 |
| Z-N | 潜在空间表达层 | 2 |
), ArticleFig(id=1249044027841122492, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1249024232475115590, articleId=1249044010136965915, language=CN, label=表2, caption=
网络模型中的超参数设定
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| 参数 | 作用 | 数值 |
|---|
| N | 历史轨迹帧数 | 8 |
| K | 预测生成的帧数 | 12 |
 | 社会约束模块中的社交距离 | 5 |
| LSTM-N | LSTM网络层 | 12 |
| Transformer-N | Transformer网络层 | 6 |
 | 社会约束模块中的注意力权重 | 8 |
 | 路径估计模块中的逐步轨迹生成帧数 | 3 |
| Encode-N | 编码器层数 | 4 |
| Decode-N | 解码器层数 | 4 |
| Z-N | 潜在空间表达层 | 2 |
), ArticleFig(id=1249044027933397184, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1249024232475115590, articleId=1249044010136965915, language=EN, label=Tab.3, caption=
Experiment results on ETH/UCY datasets
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| 方法 | ETH | HOTEL | UNIV | ZARA1 | ZARA2 | 平均 |
|---|
| ADE | FDE | ADE | FDE | ADE | FDE | ADE | FDE | ADE | FDE | ADE | FDE |
|---|
| Sophie(Sadeghian等,2019) | 0.70 | 1.43 | 0.76 | 1.67 | 0.54 | 1.24 | 0.30 | 0.63 | 0.38 | 0.78 | 0.54 | 1.15 |
| Goal GAN(Dendorfer等,2021) | 0.59 | 1.18 | 0.19 | 0.35 | 0.60 | 1.19 | 0.43 | 0.87 | 0.32 | 0.65 | 0.43 | 0.85 |
| Causal-STGCNN(Chen等,2021) | 0.64 | 1.00 | 0.38 | 0.45 | 0.49 | 0.81 | 0.34 | 0.53 | 0.32 | 0.49 | 0.43 | 0.66 |
| PECNet(Mangalam等,2021) | 0.54 | 0.87 | 0.18 | 0.24 | 0.35 | 0.60 | 0.22 | 0.39 | 0.17 | 0.30 | 0.29 | 0.48 |
| SocialVAE(Xu等,2022c) | 0.47 | 0.76 | 0.14 | 0.22 | 0.25 | 0.47 | 0.20 | 0.37 | 0.14 | 0.28 | 0.24 | 0.42 |
| EqMotion(Xu等,2023) | 0.40 | 0.61 | 0.12 | 0.18 | 0.23 | 0.43 | 0.18 | 0.32 | 0.13 | 0.23 | 0.22 | 0.35 |
| TUTR(Shi等,2023) | 0.40 | 0.61 | 0.11 | 0.18 | 0.23 | 0.42 | 0.18 | 0.34 | 0.13 | 0.25 | 0.21 | 0.36 |
| RAN(Dong等,2024) | 0.41 | 0.59 | 0.13 | 0.21 | 0.25 | 0.46 | 0.22 | 0.41 | 0.16 | 0.31 | 0.23 | 0.40 |
| PSEN(本文) | 0.44 | 0.65 | 0.12 | 0.18 | 0.22 | 0.38 | 0.16 | 0.30 | 0.12 | 0.20 | 0.21 | 0.34 |
), ArticleFig(id=1249044028038254793, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1249024232475115590, articleId=1249044010136965915, language=CN, label=表3, caption=
ETH/UCY数据集上的实验结果
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| 方法 | ETH | HOTEL | UNIV | ZARA1 | ZARA2 | 平均 |
|---|
| ADE | FDE | ADE | FDE | ADE | FDE | ADE | FDE | ADE | FDE | ADE | FDE |
|---|
| Sophie(Sadeghian等,2019) | 0.70 | 1.43 | 0.76 | 1.67 | 0.54 | 1.24 | 0.30 | 0.63 | 0.38 | 0.78 | 0.54 | 1.15 |
| Goal GAN(Dendorfer等,2021) | 0.59 | 1.18 | 0.19 | 0.35 | 0.60 | 1.19 | 0.43 | 0.87 | 0.32 | 0.65 | 0.43 | 0.85 |
| Causal-STGCNN(Chen等,2021) | 0.64 | 1.00 | 0.38 | 0.45 | 0.49 | 0.81 | 0.34 | 0.53 | 0.32 | 0.49 | 0.43 | 0.66 |
| PECNet(Mangalam等,2021) | 0.54 | 0.87 | 0.18 | 0.24 | 0.35 | 0.60 | 0.22 | 0.39 | 0.17 | 0.30 | 0.29 | 0.48 |
| SocialVAE(Xu等,2022c) | 0.47 | 0.76 | 0.14 | 0.22 | 0.25 | 0.47 | 0.20 | 0.37 | 0.14 | 0.28 | 0.24 | 0.42 |
| EqMotion(Xu等,2023) | 0.40 | 0.61 | 0.12 | 0.18 | 0.23 | 0.43 | 0.18 | 0.32 | 0.13 | 0.23 | 0.22 | 0.35 |
| TUTR(Shi等,2023) | 0.40 | 0.61 | 0.11 | 0.18 | 0.23 | 0.42 | 0.18 | 0.34 | 0.13 | 0.25 | 0.21 | 0.36 |
| RAN(Dong等,2024) | 0.41 | 0.59 | 0.13 | 0.21 | 0.25 | 0.46 | 0.22 | 0.41 | 0.16 | 0.31 | 0.23 | 0.40 |
| PSEN(本文) | 0.44 | 0.65 | 0.12 | 0.18 | 0.22 | 0.38 | 0.16 | 0.30 | 0.12 | 0.20 | 0.21 | 0.34 |
), ArticleFig(id=1249044028130529484, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1249024232475115590, articleId=1249044010136965915, language=EN, label=Tab.4, caption=
Experiment results on SDD dataset
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| 方法 | ADE | FDE |
|---|
| Sophie(Sadeghian等,2019) | 16.27 | 29.38 |
| Multiclass-SGCN(Li等,2022) | 14.36 | 25.99 |
| GroupNet(Xu等,2022a) | 14.36 | 25.99 |
| TUTR(Shi等,2023) | 7.79 | 12.73 |
| RAN(Dong等,2024) | 10.97 | 19.95 |
| PSEN(本文) | 7.50 | 13.50 |
), ArticleFig(id=1249044028210221264, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1249024232475115590, articleId=1249044010136965915, language=CN, label=表4, caption=
SDD数据集上的实验结果
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| 方法 | ADE | FDE |
|---|
| Sophie(Sadeghian等,2019) | 16.27 | 29.38 |
| Multiclass-SGCN(Li等,2022) | 14.36 | 25.99 |
| GroupNet(Xu等,2022a) | 14.36 | 25.99 |
| TUTR(Shi等,2023) | 7.79 | 12.73 |
| RAN(Dong等,2024) | 10.97 | 19.95 |
| PSEN(本文) | 7.50 | 13.50 |
), ArticleFig(id=1249044028323467477, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1249024232475115590, articleId=1249044010136965915, language=EN, label=Tab.5, caption=
Experiment results on NBA SportVU dataset
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| 方法 | ADE | FDE |
|---|
| SocialVAE(Xu等,2022c) | 0.58 | 0.95 |
| PECNet(Mangalam等,2021) | 14.36 | 25.99 |
| Trajectron++(Salzmann等,2020) | 14.36 | 25.99 |
| Retrospective-Memory-based(Xu等,2022b) | 1.25 | 1.47 |
| PSEN(本文) | 8.18 | 19.10 |
), ArticleFig(id=1249044028470268121, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1249024232475115590, articleId=1249044010136965915, language=CN, label=表5, caption=
NBA SportVU数据集上的实验结果
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| 方法 | ADE | FDE |
|---|
| SocialVAE(Xu等,2022c) | 0.58 | 0.95 |
| PECNet(Mangalam等,2021) | 14.36 | 25.99 |
| Trajectron++(Salzmann等,2020) | 14.36 | 25.99 |
| Retrospective-Memory-based(Xu等,2022b) | 1.25 | 1.47 |
| PSEN(本文) | 8.18 | 19.10 |
), ArticleFig(id=1249044028570931421, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1249024232475115590, articleId=1249044010136965915, language=EN, label=Tab.6, caption=
Results of ablation experiment
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| 方法 | ETH | HOTEL | UNIV | ZARA1 | ZARA2 |
|---|
| ADE | FDE | ADE | FDE | ADE | FDE | ADE | FDE | ADE | FDE |
|---|
| PSEN | 0.44 | 0.86 | 0.12 | 0.18 | 0.22 | 0.38 | 0.16 | 0.30 | 0.12 | 0.20 |
| PSEN-End | 0.72 | 1.32 | 0.56 | 0.83 | 0.55 | 1.12 | 0.47 | 1.05 | 0.50 | 0.98 |
| PSEN-Social | 0.48 | 0.95 | 0.20 | 0.25 | 0.30 | 0.55 | 0.27 | 0.72 | 0.27 | 0.68 |
| PSEN-n(2) | 0.45 | 0.91 | 0.12 | 0.20 | 0.23 | 0.47 | 0.20 | 0.42 | 0.22 | 0.29 |
| PSEN-n(8) | 0.43 | 0.87 | 0.13 | 0.22 | 0.22 | 0.41 | 0.19 | 0.33 | 0.18 | 0.27 |
| PSEN-a(2) | 0.47 | 0.90 | 0.15 | 0.21 | 0.23 | 0.48 | 0.20 | 0.42 | 0.21 | 0.27 |
| PSEN-a(15) | 0.44 | 0.86 | 0.12 | 0.21 | 0.24 | 0.44 | 0.19 | 0.35 | 0.19 | 0.26 |
| PSEN-k(1) | 0.43 | 0.85 | 0.13 | 0.19 | 0.21 | 0.44 | 0.18 | 0.34 | 0.18 | 0.27 |
| PSEN-k(6) | 0.45 | 0.88 | 0.13 | 0.21 | 0.24 | 0.45 | 0.19 | 0.33 | 0.19 | 0.27 |
), ArticleFig(id=1249044028667400418, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1249024232475115590, articleId=1249044010136965915, language=CN, label=表6, caption=
消融实验结果
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| 方法 | ETH | HOTEL | UNIV | ZARA1 | ZARA2 |
|---|
| ADE | FDE | ADE | FDE | ADE | FDE | ADE | FDE | ADE | FDE |
|---|
| PSEN | 0.44 | 0.86 | 0.12 | 0.18 | 0.22 | 0.38 | 0.16 | 0.30 | 0.12 | 0.20 |
| PSEN-End | 0.72 | 1.32 | 0.56 | 0.83 | 0.55 | 1.12 | 0.47 | 1.05 | 0.50 | 0.98 |
| PSEN-Social | 0.48 | 0.95 | 0.20 | 0.25 | 0.30 | 0.55 | 0.27 | 0.72 | 0.27 | 0.68 |
| PSEN-n(2) | 0.45 | 0.91 | 0.12 | 0.20 | 0.23 | 0.47 | 0.20 | 0.42 | 0.22 | 0.29 |
| PSEN-n(8) | 0.43 | 0.87 | 0.13 | 0.22 | 0.22 | 0.41 | 0.19 | 0.33 | 0.18 | 0.27 |
| PSEN-a(2) | 0.47 | 0.90 | 0.15 | 0.21 | 0.23 | 0.48 | 0.20 | 0.42 | 0.21 | 0.27 |
| PSEN-a(15) | 0.44 | 0.86 | 0.12 | 0.21 | 0.24 | 0.44 | 0.19 | 0.35 | 0.19 | 0.26 |
| PSEN-k(1) | 0.43 | 0.85 | 0.13 | 0.19 | 0.21 | 0.44 | 0.18 | 0.34 | 0.18 | 0.27 |
| PSEN-k(6) | 0.45 | 0.88 | 0.13 | 0.21 | 0.24 | 0.45 | 0.19 | 0.33 | 0.19 | 0.27 |
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