Article(id=1322961357489963139, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1249024232475115590, issueId=1322961355078246774, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.11834/jig.260208, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1776268800000, receivedDateStr=2026-04-16, revisedDate=1780588800000, revisedDateStr=2026-06-05, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1793348167058, onlineDateStr=2026-10-30, pubDate=1789488000000, pubDateStr=2026-09-16, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1793348167058, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-30, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1793348167058, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1793348167058, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1322961355078246774, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1249024232475115590, year='2026', volume='31', issue='9', pageStart='3075', pageEnd='3440', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1789488000000', pubDateStr='2026-09-16', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1793348166484, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1793348617535, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1322963246994555810, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1249024232475115590, issueId=1322961355078246774, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1322963246998750115, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1249024232475115590, issueId=1322961355078246774, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=3077, endPage=3096, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1322961359322873989, articleId=1322961357489963139, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1249024232475115590, language=EN, title=Aerial image restoration driven by large models: a survey, columnId=1322961355891941751, journalTitle=Journal of Image and Graphics, columnName=The intelligent empowerment of large models in the aviation field, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Aerial image restoration is an important low-level vision task for improving the quality and reliability of remote sensing and aerospace imagery. Compared with general natural image restoration,aerial image restoration faces more complex imaging conditions caused by several factors,including long-distance observation,platform motion,atmospheric interference,illumination variation,and sensor limitations. However,these factors often lead to diverse and coupled degradations,which not only reduce visual quality but also affect downstream tasks,such as object detection,semantic segmentation,change detection (CD),scene understanding,and autonomous perception. Therefore,robust aerial image restoration has become a key problem in both computer vision (CV) and aerospace information processing. In recent years,image restoration has evolved from task-specific models for individual degradations to unified restoration frameworks and large model-driven paradigms. To date,existing surveys mainly focus on general natural image restoration,specific low-level vision tasks,or individual degradation problems. In contrast,the present survey focuses on aerial image restoration from the perspective of large model empowerment. It also emphasizes the unique imaging characteristics and practical requirements of aerial scenarios,as well as systematically reviews the technical evolution from single-degradation restoration to unified modeling,and further to large model-driven intelligent restoration. In particular,this paper highlights the contributions of large-scale pretraining,multimodal representation learning,physical priors,and agent-based decision mechanisms to robust aerial image restoration under complex degradation conditions. First,this paper reviews representative restoration methods for typical single-degradation tasks and summarizes their basic modeling ideas,advantages,and limitations. Traditional methods usually rely on handcrafted priors,optimization models,and physical assumptions,all of which provide clear interpretability but are often limited in complex real-world scenarios. While deep learning-based methods improve restoration performance by learning nonlinear mappings from degraded images to clean images,many of them are still designed for specific degradation types and may lack generalization ability when facing unknown or mixed degradations in aerial scenes. To solve this problem,this paper discusses unified image restoration methods for complex aerial imaging scenarios. In practical applications,aerial image degradation is rarely caused by a single factor. Different degradation factors may coexist and interact with each other,resulting in complex coupled degradation and spatially non-uniform degradation distributions. As such,unified restoration methods aim to handle multiple degradations within a single framework. To date,existing studies have mainly explored multidegradation modeling,prompt-based restoration,and dynamic routing or expert-based frameworks. These methods improve the adaptability of restoration models by learning shared representations,introducing degradation-aware prompts,or dynamically selecting suitable restoration paths. However,challenges remain in terms of explicitly modeling degradation mechanisms,distinguishing different degradation patterns,and dealing with spatially varying degradations. On this basis,this survey focuses on large model-driven aerial image restoration. Vision foundation models provide transferable visual representations and structural priors through large-scale pretraining,which can improve restoration robustness under data-limited and cross-scene conditions. Multimodal large models introduce semantic and cross-modal information into the restoration process,thereby enabling models to better understand complex scenes and provide high-level guidance for structure recovery. The combination of physical models and large models provides a promising hybrid paradigm in which physical priors derived from imaging mechanisms constrain the restoration process,while large models provide strong representation and generation capabilities. Meanwhile,agent-based restoration methods extend image restoration from a static mapping process to a dynamic decision-making process,in which degradation analysis,strategy planning,model selection,feedback evaluation,and iterative optimization can be integrated into a unified restoration pipeline. Furthermore,this paper analyzes the main challenges faced by existing aerial image restoration methods. First,the modeling of coupled degradations remains insufficient,especially when multiple degradation factors interact in complex imaging environments. Second,existing collaborations between semantic priors and low-level visual features remain limited,making it difficult to achieve reliable structure recovery under severe degradation. Third,the integration of physical knowledge and data-driven large models remains underexplored,and balancing physical consistency with generative flexibility is still an open problem. Fourth,most existing methods lack dynamic adaptive mechanisms and are unable to adjust restoration strategies in accordance with image content,degradation state,or task requirements. Finally,the high computational cost of large model-driven methods restricts their deployment on airborne platforms,edge devices,and real-time remote sensing systems. Overall,aerial image restoration is moving from degradation-specific and pixel-level processing toward unified modeling,multimodal collaboration,physical prior-guided restoration,and intelligent decision-making. In summary,this survey aims to provide a systematic reference for researchers by clarifying the relationship between traditional restoration methods,unified restoration frameworks,and large model-driven paradigms. It also discusses future research directions,including multisource data construction,unified representation learning,multimodal and physical prior-guided restoration,adaptive decision-making,and efficient deployment,all of which are driven by the goal of promoting robust,interpretable,and intelligent aerial image restoration systems.
, authors=Mengmeng Zheng1, Chenrui Guo2
, 3
, *, Lei Zhang1, Wei Wei1, authorsList=Mengmeng Zheng, Chenrui Guo, Lei Zhang, Wei Wei, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Chenrui Guo, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1322961368747475090, articleId=1322961357489963139, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1249024232475115590, language=CN, title=大模型赋能下的航空图像复原技术研究进展, columnId=1322961356168765817, journalTitle=中国图象图形学报, columnName=大模型在航空领域的智慧赋能, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
航空图像复原作为低层视觉任务的重要研究方向,对于提升遥感监测与空天信息处理的精度具有重要意义。针对航空图像中普遍存在的噪声、模糊、低光及多退化耦合等问题,本文系统综述了近年来图像复原技术的研究进展。首先,从传统方法与深度学习方法两个层面,梳理了典型单一退化复原技术的发展脉络;进一步,围绕统一建模思想,总结了多退化联合建模方法,包括基于多退化建模、提示学习以及动态路由与专家模型的复原框架。在此基础上,重点分析了大模型驱动的图像复原方法,从视觉基础模型、多模态大模型以及基于智能体的复原方法3个方面展开讨论。视觉基础模型通过大规模预训练提供统一特征表示,多模态大模型通过跨模态语义建模提升复杂场景理解能力,而智能体方法则通过引入决策机制实现复原过程的动态优化。同时,本文进一步归纳了现有方法在多退化耦合建模、语义信息利用以及动态自适应机制等方面面临的关键挑战。最后,结合航空图像的应用特点,对未来发展方向进行了展望,包括多源数据构建、统一表征学习、多模态协同建模及智能化复原系统设计等。本文系统梳理了大模型驱动下航空图像复原的方法体系,并归纳出多退化耦合、语义—视觉协同、物理先验融合与动态决策优化等核心问题,可为后续航空图像智能复原研究提供系统性参考与发展思路。本文提及的数据集已汇总至https://github.com/MengmengZheng/Aerial-Image-Restoration-Datasets。
, authors=郑萌萌1, 郭宸瑞2
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2 宇航智能控制技术全国重点实验室,北京 100854
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1 西北工业大学计算机学院,西安 710129)]), AuthorCompany(id=1322961369733136534, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1249024232475115590, articleId=1322961357489963139, xref=2, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1322961369993183383, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1249024232475115590, articleId=1322961357489963139, companyId=1322961369733136534, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=
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3 Beijing Aerospace Automatic Control Institute,Beijing 100854,China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1322961370089652379, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1249024232475115590, articleId=1322961357489963139, companyId=1322961370072875161, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=
3 北京航天自动控制研究所,北京 100854)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1322961384258011327, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1249024232475115590, articleId=1322961357489963139, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=
Illustration of various degradation effects in aerial images, figureFileSmall=MT7jItzugHEMMwZOo4ADZg==, figureFileBig=4u6TBSew53kCI4iDRWLk/g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322961385944121536, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1249024232475115590, articleId=1322961357489963139, language=CN, label=图1, caption=
航空图像退化现象示意图, figureFileSmall=MT7jItzugHEMMwZOo4ADZg==, figureFileBig=4u6TBSew53kCI4iDRWLk/g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322961386845896897, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1249024232475115590, articleId=1322961357489963139, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=
Overview of unified modeling framework for aerial image restoration, figureFileSmall=kFvz5jqGnuze76jMgoI62g==, figureFileBig=KL6hMuw12IpywePWn2+dIQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322961387206607042, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1249024232475115590, articleId=1322961357489963139, language=CN, label=图2, caption=
面向统一建模的航空图像复原方法((a) multi-degradation modeling-based architecture; (b) prompt learning-based architecture; (c) expert-based architecture)
, figureFileSmall=kFvz5jqGnuze76jMgoI62g==, figureFileBig=KL6hMuw12IpywePWn2+dIQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322961387282104515, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1249024232475115590, articleId=1322961357489963139, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=
Classification diagram of basic large model paradigms, figureFileSmall=uhOmanual0aOR9Ile0lIjg==, figureFileBig=bBeNxYjOv+bZgCLDaBBcGA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322961387672174788, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1249024232475115590, articleId=1322961357489963139, language=CN, label=图3, caption=
大模型基本范式分类示意图, figureFileSmall=uhOmanual0aOR9Ile0lIjg==, figureFileBig=bBeNxYjOv+bZgCLDaBBcGA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322961387730895045, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1249024232475115590, articleId=1322961357489963139, language=EN, label=Fig.4, caption=
Framework of multimodal large model-based image restoration methods, figureFileSmall=tg57H6zab0mjNS55aU1c1w==, figureFileBig=rP/bAhKYPpmGQaBFbR2oog==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322961388099993798, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1249024232475115590, articleId=1322961357489963139, language=CN, label=图4, caption=
基于多模态大模型的图像复原方法框架图, figureFileSmall=tg57H6zab0mjNS55aU1c1w==, figureFileBig=rP/bAhKYPpmGQaBFbR2oog==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322961388456509639, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1249024232475115590, articleId=1322961357489963139, language=EN, label=Fig.5, caption=
An agent-based framework for aerial image restoration under complex degradations, figureFileSmall=5T35TcdOxkPEDbUEMYsf0w==, figureFileBig=45dsROZNnYl14jFzCcR+Tg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322961388871745736, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1249024232475115590, articleId=1322961357489963139, language=CN, label=图5, caption=
面向复杂退化的航空图像复原智能体框架, figureFileSmall=5T35TcdOxkPEDbUEMYsf0w==, figureFileBig=45dsROZNnYl14jFzCcR+Tg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322961390650130633, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1249024232475115590, articleId=1322961357489963139, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=
Representative methods for single-degradation aerial image restoration, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 退化任务 | 年份 | 代表方法 | 核心思想 |
|---|
| 图像去噪 | 2017 | DnCNN | 残差学习显式建模噪声分布,将去噪任务转化为噪声估计问题 |
| 2018 | FFDNet | 引入噪声水平图作为条件输入,将噪声强度显式嵌入网络,实现对不同强度噪声的自适应建模 |
| 图像去模糊 | 2018 | DeblurGAN | 利用生成对抗学习约束复原图像分布,使模型在恢复结构清晰度的同时增强视觉真实感 |
| 2018 | SRN-DeblurNet | 通过多尺度递归结构逐层恢复不同尺度的模糊信息,实现从粗到细的渐进式结构重建 |
| 图像低光增强 | 2018 | deep RetinexNet | 将图像分解为照明与反射分量,并通过联合优化实现亮度提升与结构保持的协同建模 |
| 2020 | Zero-DCE | 通过学习像素级非线性映射曲线对亮度进行自适应调整,在无需成对监督数据的情况下实现稳定增强 |
| 高动态范围重建 | 2017 | HDRCNN | 通过学习低动态范围到高动态范围的非线性映射,对过曝与欠曝区域进行分区域重建 |
| 2021 | DeepHDR | 引入注意力机制对不同曝光区域进行自适应加权融合,从而提升亮度与细节的协调恢复能力 |
), ArticleFig(id=1322961391052783818, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1249024232475115590, articleId=1322961357489963139, language=CN, label=表1, caption=
面向单一退化的航空图像复原方法
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 退化任务 | 年份 | 代表方法 | 核心思想 |
|---|
| 图像去噪 | 2017 | DnCNN | 残差学习显式建模噪声分布,将去噪任务转化为噪声估计问题 |
| 2018 | FFDNet | 引入噪声水平图作为条件输入,将噪声强度显式嵌入网络,实现对不同强度噪声的自适应建模 |
| 图像去模糊 | 2018 | DeblurGAN | 利用生成对抗学习约束复原图像分布,使模型在恢复结构清晰度的同时增强视觉真实感 |
| 2018 | SRN-DeblurNet | 通过多尺度递归结构逐层恢复不同尺度的模糊信息,实现从粗到细的渐进式结构重建 |
| 图像低光增强 | 2018 | deep RetinexNet | 将图像分解为照明与反射分量,并通过联合优化实现亮度提升与结构保持的协同建模 |
| 2020 | Zero-DCE | 通过学习像素级非线性映射曲线对亮度进行自适应调整,在无需成对监督数据的情况下实现稳定增强 |
| 高动态范围重建 | 2017 | HDRCNN | 通过学习低动态范围到高动态范围的非线性映射,对过曝与欠曝区域进行分区域重建 |
| 2021 | DeepHDR | 引入注意力机制对不同曝光区域进行自适应加权融合,从而提升亮度与细节的协调恢复能力 |
), ArticleFig(id=1322961391409299659, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1249024232475115590, articleId=1322961357489963139, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=
Datasets for aerial/remote sensing image restoration, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 数据集 | 主要任务 | 是否配对 | 数据规模 |
|---|
| MDRS-Landsat | 去噪、去模糊、去雾、低光增强 | 是,合成配对 | 基于5 500幅高质量Landsat-8图像构建,包含模糊、噪声、雾、低光照等退化,划分为5 130个训练、100个验证、270个测试样本 |
| UAVIR-5D | 去噪、去模糊、去雾、低光增强、去雨滴 | 是,合成或构建配对 | 面向UAV图像复原的多退化数据集,覆盖城市道路、建筑群、校园等航拍场景,包含模糊、噪声、雾、低光照和雨滴5类退化 |
| iSAID-dark | 低光增强 | 是,合成配对 | 由iSAID测试集中751幅高分辨率航空图像裁剪生成,包含3 755对训练图像和66对验证图像 |
| U3D | 超高分辨率、UAV低光增强 | 否 | 1 000幅UHR (3 840 × 2 160像素) 低光航拍图像和1 000幅非成对的正常光日间航拍图像 |
), ArticleFig(id=1322961391837118668, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1249024232475115590, articleId=1322961357489963139, language=CN, label=表2, caption=
面向航空/遥感图像复原的数据集
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 数据集 | 主要任务 | 是否配对 | 数据规模 |
|---|
| MDRS-Landsat | 去噪、去模糊、去雾、低光增强 | 是,合成配对 | 基于5 500幅高质量Landsat-8图像构建,包含模糊、噪声、雾、低光照等退化,划分为5 130个训练、100个验证、270个测试样本 |
| UAVIR-5D | 去噪、去模糊、去雾、低光增强、去雨滴 | 是,合成或构建配对 | 面向UAV图像复原的多退化数据集,覆盖城市道路、建筑群、校园等航拍场景,包含模糊、噪声、雾、低光照和雨滴5类退化 |
| iSAID-dark | 低光增强 | 是,合成配对 | 由iSAID测试集中751幅高分辨率航空图像裁剪生成,包含3 755对训练图像和66对验证图像 |
| U3D | 超高分辨率、UAV低光增强 | 否 | 1 000幅UHR (3 840 × 2 160像素) 低光航拍图像和1 000幅非成对的正常光日间航拍图像 |
), ArticleFig(id=1322961392239771853, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1249024232475115590, articleId=1322961357489963139, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=
Representative methods for unified modeling-based aerial image restoration, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 方法 | 年份 | 核心思想 | 适用退化类型 | 模型复杂度/ 推理效率 |
|---|
| AirNet | 2022 | 通过退化表示学习实现未知退化条件下的统一复原 | 去噪、去雨、去雾 | 中等复杂度,推理效率较高 |
| TransWeather | 2022 | 采用统一Transformer框架和天气查询建模多种恶劣天气退化 | 去雨、去雾、去雪 | 中等复杂度,推理效率一般 |
| PromptIR | 2023 | 通过可学习提示对不同退化类型进行条件调制 | 去噪、去雨、去雾 | 中等复杂度,推理效率较高 |
| DA-CLIP | 2024 | 通过退化感知视觉语言表征统一描述内容与退化信息 | 去噪、去雨、去雾、去模糊、低光增强 | 复杂度较高,推理效率一般 |
| InstructIR | 2024 | 利用自然语言指令统一表达不同复原任务需求,引导模型完成多任务复原 | 去噪、去雨、去模糊、去雾、低光增强 | 中等复杂度,推理效率一般 |
| MoCE-IR | 2025 | 通过专家路由机制为不同退化类型或不同退化程度动态选择复原路径 | 去雾、去雨、去噪、去模糊、低光增强 | 复杂度较高,推理效率一般 |
), ArticleFig(id=1322961392680173774, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1249024232475115590, articleId=1322961357489963139, language=CN, label=表3, caption=
面向统一建模的航空图像复原代表性方法
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 方法 | 年份 | 核心思想 | 适用退化类型 | 模型复杂度/ 推理效率 |
|---|
| AirNet | 2022 | 通过退化表示学习实现未知退化条件下的统一复原 | 去噪、去雨、去雾 | 中等复杂度,推理效率较高 |
| TransWeather | 2022 | 采用统一Transformer框架和天气查询建模多种恶劣天气退化 | 去雨、去雾、去雪 | 中等复杂度,推理效率一般 |
| PromptIR | 2023 | 通过可学习提示对不同退化类型进行条件调制 | 去噪、去雨、去雾 | 中等复杂度,推理效率较高 |
| DA-CLIP | 2024 | 通过退化感知视觉语言表征统一描述内容与退化信息 | 去噪、去雨、去雾、去模糊、低光增强 | 复杂度较高,推理效率一般 |
| InstructIR | 2024 | 利用自然语言指令统一表达不同复原任务需求,引导模型完成多任务复原 | 去噪、去雨、去模糊、去雾、低光增强 | 中等复杂度,推理效率一般 |
| MoCE-IR | 2025 | 通过专家路由机制为不同退化类型或不同退化程度动态选择复原路径 | 去雾、去雨、去噪、去模糊、低光增强 | 复杂度较高,推理效率一般 |
), ArticleFig(id=1322961393074438351, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1249024232475115590, articleId=1322961357489963139, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=
Representative large model-driven methods related to aerial image restoration, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 方法 | 年份 | 核心思想 | 模型复杂度 | 推理效率 |
|---|
| DiffPIR | 2023 | 将即插即用复原思想融入扩散采样过程,利用退化算子约束观测一致性 | 高 | 较慢 |
| DPS | 2023 | 将显式观测模型与扩散后验采样结合,处理含噪声图像逆问题 | 高 | 较慢 |
| DDNM | 2023 | 基于线性退化算子和零空间约束实现零样本图像复原 | 高 | 较慢 |
| Diff-Retinex | 2023 | 将Retinex分解与扩散生成结合,增强低光图像复原的物理解释性 | 高 | 较慢 |
| LightenDiffusion | 2024 | 将Retinex理论融入潜空间扩散模型,实现无监督低光增强 | 较高 | 中等 |
| LLMRA | 2024 | 利用多模态大语言模型生成退化描述和语义上下文,引导图像复原 | 高 | 较慢 |
| RestoreAgent | 2024 | 构建复原智能体,自动判断退化类型并规划复原流程 | 高 | 较慢 |
), ArticleFig(id=1322961393175101648, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1249024232475115590, articleId=1322961357489963139, language=CN, label=表4, caption=
大模型驱动的航空图像复原代表方法
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 方法 | 年份 | 核心思想 | 模型复杂度 | 推理效率 |
|---|
| DiffPIR | 2023 | 将即插即用复原思想融入扩散采样过程,利用退化算子约束观测一致性 | 高 | 较慢 |
| DPS | 2023 | 将显式观测模型与扩散后验采样结合,处理含噪声图像逆问题 | 高 | 较慢 |
| DDNM | 2023 | 基于线性退化算子和零空间约束实现零样本图像复原 | 高 | 较慢 |
| Diff-Retinex | 2023 | 将Retinex分解与扩散生成结合,增强低光图像复原的物理解释性 | 高 | 较慢 |
| LightenDiffusion | 2024 | 将Retinex理论融入潜空间扩散模型,实现无监督低光增强 | 较高 | 中等 |
| LLMRA | 2024 | 利用多模态大语言模型生成退化描述和语义上下文,引导图像复原 | 高 | 较慢 |
| RestoreAgent | 2024 | 构建复原智能体,自动判断退化类型并规划复原流程 | 高 | 较慢 |
), ArticleFig(id=1322961395163201746, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1249024232475115590, articleId=1322961357489963139, language=EN, label=Table 5, caption=
Performance and complexity comparison of existing aerial image restoration methods, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 方法类型 | 多退化 建模能力 | 语义协同能力 | 动态决策能力 | 计算 效率 | 主要局限 |
|---|
| 面向单一退化的航空图像复原 | 弱 | 弱 | 弱 | 高 | 任务针对性强,但难以处理多退化耦合和未知退化场景 |
| 基于多退化建模的统一图像复原 | 较强 | 中 | 中 | 中 | 可处理多种退化,但对退化机理和空间非均匀性的刻画不足 |
| 基于提示学习的统一图像复原 | 较强 | 中 | 中 | 中 | 依赖提示表达能力,复杂退化条件下提示与退化状态可能不完全匹配 |
| 基于动态路由与专家模型的统一复原 | 较强 | 中 | 较强 | 中 | 具有自适应路径选择能力,但路由稳定性和专家分工需优化 |
| 基于视觉基础模型的图像复原 | 中 | 中 | 弱 | 中 | 具备较强视觉表征能力,但跨域适应和航空场景迁移存在挑战 |
| 基于多模态大模型的图像复原 | 较强 | 强 | 中 | 低 | 语义理解能力强,但跨模态对齐、计算开销和语义偏差问题较突出 |
| 基于智能体的图像复原 | 较强 | 强 | 强 | 低 | 可动态规划复原流程,但反馈可靠性、多步骤推理效率和部署成本仍需改进 |
), ArticleFig(id=1322961395632963795, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1249024232475115590, articleId=1322961357489963139, language=CN, label=表5, caption=
现有航空图像复原方法的性能和复杂性对比
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| 方法类型 | 多退化 建模能力 | 语义协同能力 | 动态决策能力 | 计算 效率 | 主要局限 |
|---|
| 面向单一退化的航空图像复原 | 弱 | 弱 | 弱 | 高 | 任务针对性强,但难以处理多退化耦合和未知退化场景 |
| 基于多退化建模的统一图像复原 | 较强 | 中 | 中 | 中 | 可处理多种退化,但对退化机理和空间非均匀性的刻画不足 |
| 基于提示学习的统一图像复原 | 较强 | 中 | 中 | 中 | 依赖提示表达能力,复杂退化条件下提示与退化状态可能不完全匹配 |
| 基于动态路由与专家模型的统一复原 | 较强 | 中 | 较强 | 中 | 具有自适应路径选择能力,但路由稳定性和专家分工需优化 |
| 基于视觉基础模型的图像复原 | 中 | 中 | 弱 | 中 | 具备较强视觉表征能力,但跨域适应和航空场景迁移存在挑战 |
| 基于多模态大模型的图像复原 | 较强 | 强 | 中 | 低 | 语义理解能力强,但跨模态对齐、计算开销和语义偏差问题较突出 |
| 基于智能体的图像复原 | 较强 | 强 | 强 | 低 | 可动态规划复原流程,但反馈可靠性、多步骤推理效率和部署成本仍需改进 |
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