Article(id=1322962995734786521, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1249024232475115590, issueId=1322962941087195876, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.11834/jig.250597, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1764864000000, receivedDateStr=2025-12-05, revisedDate=1769011200000, revisedDateStr=2026-01-22, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1793348557646, onlineDateStr=2026-10-30, pubDate=1792080000000, pubDateStr=2026-10-16, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1793348557646, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-30, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1793348557646, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1793348557646, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1322962941087195876, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1249024232475115590, year='2026', volume='31', issue='10', pageStart='3441', pageEnd='3818', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1792080000000', pubDateStr='2026-10-16', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1793348544618, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1793348641113, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1322963345913021357, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1249024232475115590, issueId=1322962941087195876, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1322963345913021358, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1249024232475115590, issueId=1322962941087195876, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=3636, endPage=3652, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1322962996011610586, articleId=1322962995734786521, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1249024232475115590, language=EN, title=Integrating 3D geometric constraints into RT-DETR for dual-view X-ray prohibited item detection network, columnId=1249044019595125147, journalTitle=Journal of Image and Graphics, columnName=Image Analysis and Recognition, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective The growing demand for security screening in public spaces necessitates more efficient and reliable X-ray baggage inspection systems. Current manual interpretation of X-ray images at stations,airports,and stadium venues risks missing prohibited items due to operator fatigue. This method also requires considerable human resources,leading to high operational costs. Intelligent X-ray image detection technology,using computer-assisted verification,enhances security check reliability,improves efficiency,and reduces operational costs. Intelligent X-ray detection methods fall into three categories based on imaging approaches: single view,dual view,and CT scanning. Dual-view systems,adding an orthogonal X-ray image to complement single-view inspection,offer improved detection performance by revealing occluded details. This approach achieves an optimal trade-off between detection capability and cost compared with CT scanners. Research on dual-view X-ray prohibited item detection has focused on leveraging the spatial correspondence between views to enhance model performance. Some studies have adopted a primary-auxiliary view strategy. In this strategy,the auxiliary view enhances feature representation in the primary view,somewhat improving detection accuracy. However,this asymmetric fusion approach only considers predictions from the primary view,which can potentially compromise accuracy in complex scenarios where prohibited items are poorly angled or heavily occluded in the primary view. Other researchers have developed symmetric multiscale architectures to boost detection performance through deep dual-view information fusion. However,these methods employ single-column feature fusion,limiting the exploration of potential correlations between feature columns at different scales. Such a limitation may affect the model’s ability to recognize prohibited items of varying sizes and its overall robustness. The challenge remains in developing more effective dual-view feature fusion strategies. These strategies are needed to address complex screening scenarios and improve detection performance across different sizes of prohibited items.
Method To tackle this challenge,this study presents a dual-view prohibited item detection model,extending the RT-DETR single-channel architecture to a dual-channel network. In the encoder,features are fed into a dual-view multiscale weighted fusion module. This module enhances feature extraction for different-sized prohibited items through multisize sliding windows and establishes spatial correspondence between dual-view features using a cross-attention mechanism. A gated feature fusion mechanism then integrates dual-channel features to strengthen the encoder’s semantic representation. In the decoder,we introduce a 3D anchor-guided localization fusion module to mitigate occlusion. The core of this approach is a supervised fusion stage where the module dynamically generates a set of 3D anchor boxes and query vectors,guided by a 3D bounding box loss function. This encourages the model to learn a geometrically consistent representation,improving localization accuracy via geometric constraints. Furthermore,a synchronous dual-view data augmentation strategy was designed; by applying consistent geometric transformations to both views,this strategy enriches sample diversity while maintaining their spatial correspondence,further improving model generalization in cluttered environments.
Result To validate the proposed method’s effectiveness,experiments are conducted using ResNet-50 as the backbone network. The study compares the model against two mainstream detection approaches: Transformer-based models ((denosing DETR (DN-DETR),real-time detection Transformer (RT-DETR)) and YOLO models (YOLO11-X). Additionally,recent dual-view X-ray prohibited item detection methods YOLO_multi and Trans2Ray are included for comparison. All evaluations are performed on the DvXray dataset. Results show remarkable improvements in mAP50 scores. For the overhead view (OL) view,the proposed method achieves improvements of 2.2%,12.2%,2.1%,7.6%,and 16.7% compared with YOLO11,DN-DETR,RT-DETR,Trans2Ray,and YOLO_multi,respectively. For the side view (SD) view,improvements are 5.7%,18.7%,6.8%,25.1%,and 17.0%,respectively. Analysis of individual category performance across 15 prohibited items reveals that the proposed method achieves superior detection in 12 categories for the OL view and 12 categories for the SD view. Under dual perspective joint statistical results,the method demonstrates optimal performance with an area under the P-R curve of 84.9% and a maximum F1 score of 83.5%. For visual analysis,detection results from three representative image sets were examined. The first set comprises contraband under challenging conditions characterized by cluttered backgrounds and rotation,the second set evaluates the model’s proficiency in detecting small objects,occluded backgrounds,and two contraband instances,and the final set consists of negative samples devoid of prohibited items. These visualizations demonstrate that our proposed model achieves optimal performance. Next,we visualized the attention mechanisms within the encoder. The corresponding visualizations for our proposed model were clearly superior to the baseline model. The experimental outcomes validate the effectiveness of the proposed methodology and its components through comprehensive ablation studies. These results demonstrate that the proposed dual-view detection framework effectively improves prohibited item detection performance in X-ray security screening applications.
Conclusion This study proposes an improved detection network based on the RT-DETR architecture to enhance contraband detection accuracy in X-ray images,particularly in cluttered environments. The model incorporates a dual-view multiscale weighted fusion module with a multiscale window cross-attention mechanism,strengthening recognition capability for variably sized contraband. A 3D anchor-guided localization fusion module further imposes geometric constraints,providing explicit positional guidance to enhance the decoder’s localization accuracy. Additionally,our dual-view joint decision-making strategy enables comprehensive evaluation of detection performance across dual-view data. Experiments demonstrate the model’s competitive performance and robustness in dual-view X-ray contraband detection. However,the model faces persistent challenges including architectural complexity,excessive parameters,and time-consuming training,primarily from computational overhead induced by the dual-channel structure. Future work will explore lightweight dual-view fusion methods and develop efficient collaborative optimization algorithms to balance computational efficiency with detection performance.
, authors=Ping Han
*, Haifeng Bai, Siyu Luo, authorsList=Ping Han, Haifeng Bai, Siyu Luo, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Ping Han, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1322963000075891191, articleId=1322962995734786521, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1249024232475115590, language=CN, title=融合三维几何约束的RT-DETR双视角X光违禁品检测网络, columnId=1249044019838394781, journalTitle=中国图象图形学报, columnName=图像分析和识别, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
目的 基于双视角X光图像的违禁品检测技术因其在检测性能和检测成本间的平衡优势,在安检领域获得了广泛关注。现有双视角X光图像的违禁品智能检测技术研究主要聚焦于利用双视角间的特征融合提升检测性能,但模型在物品分布杂乱环境下的检测能力有限,且对不同大小违禁品检测的泛化性能不足。
方法 为此,设计了融合三维几何约束的RT-DETR(real-time detection Transformer)双通道改进网络。在编码器部分,设计了双视角多尺寸特征加权融合模块,通过多尺寸窗口计算交叉注意力融合双视角特征,增强模型对不同尺寸违禁品特征的感知能力;在解码器部分,设计了三维锚框引导定位融合模块,生成三维锚框坐标与包含双视角特征的查询向量,为解码器提供明确的空间位置引导,有效校正定位偏差。在网络训练阶段,设计了双视角一致性数据增强策略,对双视角图像施加一致的几何变换,在保持双视角空间对应关系的前提下提升了网络对物品分布杂乱环境的泛化能力。
结果 在 DvXray 数据集上的对比实验表明,提出的模型在俯视角和侧视角的平均精度均值(mean average precision,mAP)分别达到93.4%和83.9%;双视角联合统计结果中,P-R曲线(precision-recall curve)下面积为84.9%,F1分数最大值为83.5%。相较基线模型平均精度均值分别提高2.1%和6.8%,P-R曲线下面积和F1分数提升5.7%和5.2%。
结论 实验结果表明,所提方法通过多尺寸特征融合与三维几何约束的协同作用,克服了单一视角的局限,提升了复杂安检场景下的违禁品检测精度。
, authors=韩萍
*, 白海峰, 罗思宇, authorsList=韩萍, 白海峰, 罗思宇, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=韩萍, authorNote=
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10.1109/CVPR52733.2024.01605], articleTitle=DETRs beat YOLOs on real-time object detection, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1322963008695185987, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1249024232475115590, articleId=1322962995734786521, awardId=null, language=EN, fundingSource=Security Capacity Building Project of Civil Aviation Administration of China(KJZ49420250165), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1322963008779072068, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1249024232475115590, articleId=1322962995734786521, awardId=null, language=CN, fundingSource=中国民航安全能力建设基金(KJZ49420250165), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1322963000327549432, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1249024232475115590, articleId=1322962995734786521, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1322963000335938041, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1249024232475115590, articleId=1322962995734786521, companyId=1322963000327549432, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=College of Electronic Information and Automation,Civil Aviation University of China,Tianjin 300300,China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1322963000340132346, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1249024232475115590, articleId=1322962995734786521, companyId=1322963000327549432, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=中国民航大学电子信息与自动化学院,天津 300300)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1322963003494248980, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1249024232475115590, articleId=1322962995734786521, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=
Dual-view X-ray images of prohibited items in a three-dimensional Cartesian coordinate system, figureFileSmall=JAv+2EBRSadaBGZgFcZv5Q==, figureFileBig=bKNOhdBAVdRjGk/dB55qmg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322963003561357845, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1249024232475115590, articleId=1322962995734786521, language=CN, label=图1, caption=
三维笛卡尔坐标系下双视角X光违禁品图像, figureFileSmall=JAv+2EBRSadaBGZgFcZv5Q==, figureFileBig=bKNOhdBAVdRjGk/dB55qmg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322963003733324310, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1249024232475115590, articleId=1322962995734786521, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=
Architecture of RT-DETR, figureFileSmall=ArOky7sA184DyDz8O0U6JQ==, figureFileBig=hS3W6wKBSc1JNZjTG78lYg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322963003800433175, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1249024232475115590, articleId=1322962995734786521, language=CN, label=图2, caption=
RT-DETR架构, figureFileSmall=ArOky7sA184DyDz8O0U6JQ==, figureFileBig=hS3W6wKBSc1JNZjTG78lYg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322963003859153432, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1249024232475115590, articleId=1322962995734786521, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=
Overall framework of the model, figureFileSmall=o7PBVEuTx//cl3/zZE9VTQ==, figureFileBig=ozEII9D6gwejPGXCOSN/5Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322963003926262297, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1249024232475115590, articleId=1322962995734786521, language=CN, label=图3, caption=
模型总体框架, figureFileSmall=o7PBVEuTx//cl3/zZE9VTQ==, figureFileBig=ozEII9D6gwejPGXCOSN/5Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322963003993371162, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1249024232475115590, articleId=1322962995734786521, language=EN, label=Fig.4, caption=
Dual-view multiscale feature weighted fusion module, figureFileSmall=U145ZJH/4YNefJw0DDs0DQ==, figureFileBig=5hdOClvH8EDbJxgXdi8Nig==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322963004060480027, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1249024232475115590, articleId=1322962995734786521, language=CN, label=图4, caption=
双视角多尺寸特征加权融合模块, figureFileSmall=U145ZJH/4YNefJw0DDs0DQ==, figureFileBig=5hdOClvH8EDbJxgXdi8Nig==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322963004123394588, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1249024232475115590, articleId=1322962995734786521, language=EN, label=Fig.5, caption=
Multisize sliding window mechanism, figureFileSmall=hHasJyypUjQ0kJWs53dlYQ==, figureFileBig=PXYJR2VGbzIW0qW6/cPB7A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322963004190503453, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1249024232475115590, articleId=1322962995734786521, language=CN, label=图5, caption=
多尺寸滑窗机制, figureFileSmall=hHasJyypUjQ0kJWs53dlYQ==, figureFileBig=PXYJR2VGbzIW0qW6/cPB7A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322963004257612318, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1249024232475115590, articleId=1322962995734786521, language=EN, label=Fig.6, caption=
Calculation process of cross attention, figureFileSmall=/8yjv8sJtOMyXaFhkOOL3A==, figureFileBig=wvhLl3BKCe9DOZdFMUBr3A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322963004320526879, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1249024232475115590, articleId=1322962995734786521, language=CN, label=图6, caption=
交叉注意力机制计算过程, figureFileSmall=/8yjv8sJtOMyXaFhkOOL3A==, figureFileBig=wvhLl3BKCe9DOZdFMUBr3A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322963004404412960, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1249024232475115590, articleId=1322962995734786521, language=EN, label=Fig.7, caption=
Gated feature fusion mechanism, figureFileSmall=x54uPTxLvfMegcCDUaHwmA==, figureFileBig=sRIBaDc3/FCRku1qIBKS+g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322963004463133217, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1249024232475115590, articleId=1322962995734786521, language=CN, label=图7, caption=
门控特征融合机制, figureFileSmall=x54uPTxLvfMegcCDUaHwmA==, figureFileBig=sRIBaDc3/FCRku1qIBKS+g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322963004555407906, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1249024232475115590, articleId=1322962995734786521, language=EN, label=Fig.8, caption=
3D anchor-guided localization fusion module, figureFileSmall=X8rvusoOjgNRswHoj0YxAw==, figureFileBig=2Z8Hna7TDO7iU7PFyiDAhA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322963004618322467, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1249024232475115590, articleId=1322962995734786521, language=CN, label=图8, caption=
三维锚框引导定位融合模块, figureFileSmall=X8rvusoOjgNRswHoj0YxAw==, figureFileBig=2Z8Hna7TDO7iU7PFyiDAhA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322963004714791460, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1249024232475115590, articleId=1322962995734786521, language=EN, label=Fig.9, caption=
DvXray dataset demonstration, figureFileSmall=LlKOueU18d70wBAqtq032Q==, figureFileBig=xNBERfUmY27/Z/ROZXeH6A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322963004781900325, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1249024232475115590, articleId=1322962995734786521, language=CN, label=图9, caption=
DvXray数据集展示, figureFileSmall=LlKOueU18d70wBAqtq032Q==, figureFileBig=xNBERfUmY27/Z/ROZXeH6A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322963004853203494, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1249024232475115590, articleId=1322962995734786521, language=EN, label=Fig.10, caption=
Dual perspective joint statistical logic, figureFileSmall=ORWNL0nw5CEx9tu3SkkXiQ==, figureFileBig=ZH5ycroqiSAH4p/eDSkwNg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322963004924506663, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1249024232475115590, articleId=1322962995734786521, language=CN, label=图10, caption=
双视角联合统计逻辑, figureFileSmall=ORWNL0nw5CEx9tu3SkkXiQ==, figureFileBig=ZH5ycroqiSAH4p/eDSkwNg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322963004983226920, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1249024232475115590, articleId=1322962995734786521, language=EN, label=Fig.11, caption=
Dual-view joint statistical results ((a) dual-view precision-recall curves;(b) bar chart of break even point,area under the precision-recall curve and maximum F1-score), figureFileSmall=3WdhZZLiboVuM+1tGaldzg==, figureFileBig=GxmzHi4blmU4rPaExapcjw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322963006639977001, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1249024232475115590, articleId=1322962995734786521, language=CN, label=图11, caption=
双视角联合统计结果, figureFileSmall=3WdhZZLiboVuM+1tGaldzg==, figureFileBig=GxmzHi4blmU4rPaExapcjw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322963006744834602, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1249024232475115590, articleId=1322962995734786521, language=EN, label=Fig.12, caption=
Sensitivity analysis of hyperparameters and across dual views ((a) sensitivity curves of and for the OL view;(b) sensitivity curves of and for the SD view), figureFileSmall=UNkY1XjVi1te8Y7sgbMUcg==, figureFileBig=lVq1Uu+OvKYONZD3FQji/w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322963006824526379, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1249024232475115590, articleId=1322962995734786521, language=CN, label=图12, caption=
超参数和在双视角下的敏感性分析, figureFileSmall=UNkY1XjVi1te8Y7sgbMUcg==, figureFileBig=lVq1Uu+OvKYONZD3FQji/w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322963006925189676, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1249024232475115590, articleId=1322962995734786521, language=EN, label=Fig.13, caption=
Visualization of detection results for different models ((a) complex background samples;(b) samples with two prohibited items and small-sized prohibited items;(c) negative samples), figureFileSmall=fKn1elTtWGORp7u5/6CsCA==, figureFileBig=yVWJ7ILf2U+og4Gy9bq9kg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322963007021658669, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1249024232475115590, articleId=1322962995734786521, language=CN, label=图13, caption=
各模型检测结果可视化, figureFileSmall=fKn1elTtWGORp7u5/6CsCA==, figureFileBig=yVWJ7ILf2U+og4Gy9bq9kg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322963007105544750, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1249024232475115590, articleId=1322962995734786521, language=EN, label=Fig.14, caption=
Comparative visualization of encoder feature maps between baseline and improved models, figureFileSmall=9//QmLouDRP7+/vTrNEhgg==, figureFileBig=KMlAqcU5NKjU3veK/rnHKg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322963007210402351, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1249024232475115590, articleId=1322962995734786521, language=CN, label=图14, caption=
基线模型与改进模型编码器特征图可视化对比, figureFileSmall=9//QmLouDRP7+/vTrNEhgg==, figureFileBig=KMlAqcU5NKjU3veK/rnHKg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322963007306871344, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1249024232475115590, articleId=1322962995734786521, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=
Dual-view and multi-view datasets for prohibited items security inspection, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 名称 | 年份 | 种类 | 正/负样本数 | 视角 | 是否公开 |
|---|
| LDXray(Tao等,2025) | 2025 | 12 | 293 994/0 | 2 | 是 |
| DvXray(Ma等,2024) | 2024 | 15 | 10 000/22 000 | 2 | 是 |
| Dualray(Sun等,2025) | 2025 | 14 | 24 584/0 | 2 | 否 |
| Dbf4(Isaac-Medina等,2021) | 2021 | 4 | 10 112/0 | 4 | 否 |
), ArticleFig(id=1322963007390757425, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1249024232475115590, articleId=1322962995734786521, language=CN, label=表1, caption=
双视角和多视角违禁品安检数据集
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 名称 | 年份 | 种类 | 正/负样本数 | 视角 | 是否公开 |
|---|
| LDXray(Tao等,2025) | 2025 | 12 | 293 994/0 | 2 | 是 |
| DvXray(Ma等,2024) | 2024 | 15 | 10 000/22 000 | 2 | 是 |
| Dualray(Sun等,2025) | 2025 | 14 | 24 584/0 | 2 | 否 |
| Dbf4(Isaac-Medina等,2021) | 2021 | 4 | 10 112/0 | 4 | 否 |
), ArticleFig(id=1322963007466254898, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1249024232475115590, articleId=1322962995734786521, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=
Comparison of experimental results from the OL view, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 模型 | mAP50 | AP50 |
|---|
| 枪 | 刀 | 扳手 | 钳子 | 剪刀 | 打火机 | 电池 | 棒球棍 | 刀片 | 锯条 | 烟花 | 榔头 | 螺丝刀 | 飞镖 | 压力容器 |
|---|
| YOLO11(Ultralytics,2025) | 91.2 | 99.2 | 87.3 | 97.6 | 98.5 | 73.7 | 82.1 | 97.2 | 99.5 | 77.4 | 86.7 | 91.6 | 99.1 | 94.6 | 85.8 | 97.0 |
| DN-DETR(Li等,2022) | 81.2 | 96.7 | 73.8 | 96.7 | 92.5 | 66.4 | 64.8 | 96.8 | 97.8 | 48.5 | 80.9 | 78.5 | 96.8 | 72.5 | 67.1 | 88.8 |
| RT-DETR(Zhao等,2024) | 91.3 | 98.7 | 93.5 | 97.5 | 99.1 | 76.6 | 79.7 | 98.9 | 100.0 | 68.1 | 87.4 | 92.8 | 99.8 | 94.8 | 86.7 | 96.2 |
| Trans2Ray(Meng等,2024) | 85.8 | 96.5 | 81.6 | 92.1 | 96.9 | 76.3 | 74.4 | 92.5 | 98.0 | 56.1 | 80.9 | 81.0 | 97.0 | 94.7 | 71.8 | 92.9 |
| YOLO_multi(Isaac-Medina等,2021) | 76.7 | 58.8 | 69.7 | 87.5 | 91.5 | 55.3 | 50.6 | 87.0 | 100.0 | 67.4 | 69.7 | 77.2 | 86.7 | 80.0 | 78.4 | 82.1 |
| 本文 | 93.4 | 99.1 | 94.5 | 99.5 | 99.1 | 78.8 | 83.0 | 99.8 | 98.6 | 76.5 | 93.5 | 93.3 | 100.0 | 95.3 | 90.3 | 99.9 |
), ArticleFig(id=1322963007550140979, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1249024232475115590, articleId=1322962995734786521, language=CN, label=表2, caption=
OL视角对比实验结果
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 模型 | mAP50 | AP50 |
|---|
| 枪 | 刀 | 扳手 | 钳子 | 剪刀 | 打火机 | 电池 | 棒球棍 | 刀片 | 锯条 | 烟花 | 榔头 | 螺丝刀 | 飞镖 | 压力容器 |
|---|
| YOLO11(Ultralytics,2025) | 91.2 | 99.2 | 87.3 | 97.6 | 98.5 | 73.7 | 82.1 | 97.2 | 99.5 | 77.4 | 86.7 | 91.6 | 99.1 | 94.6 | 85.8 | 97.0 |
| DN-DETR(Li等,2022) | 81.2 | 96.7 | 73.8 | 96.7 | 92.5 | 66.4 | 64.8 | 96.8 | 97.8 | 48.5 | 80.9 | 78.5 | 96.8 | 72.5 | 67.1 | 88.8 |
| RT-DETR(Zhao等,2024) | 91.3 | 98.7 | 93.5 | 97.5 | 99.1 | 76.6 | 79.7 | 98.9 | 100.0 | 68.1 | 87.4 | 92.8 | 99.8 | 94.8 | 86.7 | 96.2 |
| Trans2Ray(Meng等,2024) | 85.8 | 96.5 | 81.6 | 92.1 | 96.9 | 76.3 | 74.4 | 92.5 | 98.0 | 56.1 | 80.9 | 81.0 | 97.0 | 94.7 | 71.8 | 92.9 |
| YOLO_multi(Isaac-Medina等,2021) | 76.7 | 58.8 | 69.7 | 87.5 | 91.5 | 55.3 | 50.6 | 87.0 | 100.0 | 67.4 | 69.7 | 77.2 | 86.7 | 80.0 | 78.4 | 82.1 |
| 本文 | 93.4 | 99.1 | 94.5 | 99.5 | 99.1 | 78.8 | 83.0 | 99.8 | 98.6 | 76.5 | 93.5 | 93.3 | 100.0 | 95.3 | 90.3 | 99.9 |
), ArticleFig(id=1322963007667581492, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1249024232475115590, articleId=1322962995734786521, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=
Comparison of experimental results from the SD view, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 模型 | mAP50 | AP50 |
|---|
| 枪 | 刀 | 扳手 | 钳子 | 剪刀 | 打火 机 | 电池 | 棒球 棍 | 刀片 | 锯条 | 烟花 | 榔头 | 螺丝 刀 | 飞镖 | 压力 容器 |
|---|
| YOLO11(Ultralytics,2025) | 78.2 | 90.3 | 55.3 | 88.4 | 86.7 | 53.0 | 60.8 | 95.7 | 99.5 | 57.2 | 63.8 | 89.2 | 97.1 | 72.2 | 70.8 | 93.3 |
| DN-DETR(Li等,2022) | 65.2 | 88.3 | 34.3 | 86.5 | 80.8 | 46.1 | 42.9 | 83.0 | 96.2 | 33.2 | 46.8 | 74.7 | 95.2 | 43.6 | 36.3 | 90.3 |
| RT-DETR(Zhao等,2024) | 77.1 | 92.4 | 61.5 | 91.2 | 87.4 | 43.3 | 55.9 | 94.2 | 100.0 | 55.3 | 59.3 | 84.1 | 98.8 | 71.6 | 66.2 | 96.0 |
| Trans2Ray(Meng等,2024) | 58.8 | 85.2 | 38.2 | 72.2 | 73.4 | 39.4 | 22.7 | 77.5 | 98.0 | 20.9 | 38.0 | 78.3 | 88.2 | 50.6 | 9.4 | 89.7 |
| YOLO_multi(Isaac-Medina等,2021) | 66.9 | 52.6 | 51.8 | 85.9 | 85.0 | 33.0 | 42.7 | 86.0 | 98.0 | 41.8 | 52.0 | 75.6 | 79.0 | 61.5 | 68.4 | 83.0 |
| 本文 | 83.9 | 97.1 | 68.1 | 96.9 | 95.5 | 68.2 | 66.0 | 97.9 | 100.0 | 62.0 | 71.1 | 85.3 | 98.3 | 78.0 | 77.6 | 95.9 |
), ArticleFig(id=1322963007730496053, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1249024232475115590, articleId=1322962995734786521, language=CN, label=表3, caption=
SD视角对比实验结果
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 模型 | mAP50 | AP50 |
|---|
| 枪 | 刀 | 扳手 | 钳子 | 剪刀 | 打火 机 | 电池 | 棒球 棍 | 刀片 | 锯条 | 烟花 | 榔头 | 螺丝 刀 | 飞镖 | 压力 容器 |
|---|
| YOLO11(Ultralytics,2025) | 78.2 | 90.3 | 55.3 | 88.4 | 86.7 | 53.0 | 60.8 | 95.7 | 99.5 | 57.2 | 63.8 | 89.2 | 97.1 | 72.2 | 70.8 | 93.3 |
| DN-DETR(Li等,2022) | 65.2 | 88.3 | 34.3 | 86.5 | 80.8 | 46.1 | 42.9 | 83.0 | 96.2 | 33.2 | 46.8 | 74.7 | 95.2 | 43.6 | 36.3 | 90.3 |
| RT-DETR(Zhao等,2024) | 77.1 | 92.4 | 61.5 | 91.2 | 87.4 | 43.3 | 55.9 | 94.2 | 100.0 | 55.3 | 59.3 | 84.1 | 98.8 | 71.6 | 66.2 | 96.0 |
| Trans2Ray(Meng等,2024) | 58.8 | 85.2 | 38.2 | 72.2 | 73.4 | 39.4 | 22.7 | 77.5 | 98.0 | 20.9 | 38.0 | 78.3 | 88.2 | 50.6 | 9.4 | 89.7 |
| YOLO_multi(Isaac-Medina等,2021) | 66.9 | 52.6 | 51.8 | 85.9 | 85.0 | 33.0 | 42.7 | 86.0 | 98.0 | 41.8 | 52.0 | 75.6 | 79.0 | 61.5 | 68.4 | 83.0 |
| 本文 | 83.9 | 97.1 | 68.1 | 96.9 | 95.5 | 68.2 | 66.0 | 97.9 | 100.0 | 62.0 | 71.1 | 85.3 | 98.3 | 78.0 | 77.6 | 95.9 |
), ArticleFig(id=1322963007814382134, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1249024232475115590, articleId=1322962995734786521, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=
Comparison with the latest model, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 模型 | mAPOL 50 /% | mAPOL 50:95 /% | mAPSD 50 /% | mAPSD 50:95 /% | FPS/(帧/s) |
|---|
| Jia等人(2025) | 92.1 | 67.6 | 78.2 | 51.7 | 14.6 |
| 本文 | 93.4 | 78.3 | 83.9 | 63.1 | 91.0 |
), ArticleFig(id=1322963007881490999, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1249024232475115590, articleId=1322962995734786521, language=CN, label=表4, caption=
与最新模型的性能对比
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 模型 | mAPOL 50 /% | mAPOL 50:95 /% | mAPSD 50 /% | mAPSD 50:95 /% | FPS/(帧/s) |
|---|
| Jia等人(2025) | 92.1 | 67.6 | 78.2 | 51.7 | 14.6 |
| 本文 | 93.4 | 78.3 | 83.9 | 63.1 | 91.0 |
), ArticleFig(id=1322963007948599864, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1249024232475115590, articleId=1322962995734786521, language=EN, label=Table 5, caption=
Ablation study on different data augmentation strategies, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 模型 | 增强概率p | 增强策略 | 视角OL/% | 视角SD/% |
|---|
| 基线 | 0.5 | 独立数据增强 | 91.3 | 77.1 |
| 本文 | 0.5 | 独立数据增强 | 78.3 | 63.4 |
| 本文 | 0 | 无增强 | 90.7 | 78.9 |
| 本文 | 0.5 | 一致性数据增强 | 93.4 | 83.9 |
| 本文 | 1.0 | 一致性数据增强 | 77.8 | 62.5 |
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不同数据增强策略的性能对比
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| 模型 | 增强概率p | 增强策略 | 视角OL/% | 视角SD/% |
|---|
| 基线 | 0.5 | 独立数据增强 | 91.3 | 77.1 |
| 本文 | 0.5 | 独立数据增强 | 78.3 | 63.4 |
| 本文 | 0 | 无增强 | 90.7 | 78.9 |
| 本文 | 0.5 | 一致性数据增强 | 93.4 | 83.9 |
| 本文 | 1.0 | 一致性数据增强 | 77.8 | 62.5 |
), ArticleFig(id=1322963008082817594, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1249024232475115590, articleId=1322962995734786521, language=EN, label=Table 6, caption=
Ablation results of different modules, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 模型 | 视角OL | 视角SD |
|---|
| 基线模型 | 91.3 | 77.1 |
| + 双视角多尺寸特征加权融合模块 | 92.7 | 85.1 |
| + 三维锚框引导定位融合模块 | 93.0 | 80.8 |
| + 双视角多尺寸特征加权融合模块 & 三维锚框引导定位融合模块 | 93.4 | 83.9 |
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不同模块的消融结果
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| 模型 | 视角OL | 视角SD |
|---|
| 基线模型 | 91.3 | 77.1 |
| + 双视角多尺寸特征加权融合模块 | 92.7 | 85.1 |
| + 三维锚框引导定位融合模块 | 93.0 | 80.8 |
| + 双视角多尺寸特征加权融合模块 & 三维锚框引导定位融合模块 | 93.4 | 83.9 |
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Influence of window size in the multiscale sliding window mechanism /%, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 窗口尺寸 | 视角OL | 视角SD |
|---|
| 1 | 92.4 | 84.3 |
| 5 | 92.6 | 81.5 |
| 10 | 93.0 | 80.2 |
| 1,5,10 | 93.4 | 83.9 |
), ArticleFig(id=1322963008292532797, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1249024232475115590, articleId=1322962995734786521, language=CN, label=表7, caption=
多尺寸滑窗机制中的窗口尺寸影响
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| 窗口尺寸 | 视角OL | 视角SD |
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| 1 | 92.4 | 84.3 |
| 5 | 92.6 | 81.5 |
| 10 | 93.0 | 80.2 |
| 1,5,10 | 93.4 | 83.9 |
), ArticleFig(id=1322963008363835966, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1249024232475115590, articleId=1322962995734786521, language=EN, label=Table 8, caption=
Comparison of computational efficiency across different models, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 模型 | mAP50/% | 参数量/M | 浮点运算量/G | FPS /(帧/s) |
|---|
| OL | SD |
|---|
| YOLO11-X | 91.2 | 78.2 | 56.84 | 195.50 | 111.11 |
| RT-DETR-r50 | 91.3 | 77.1 | 40.89 | 135.86 | 136.15 |
| 本文 | 93.4 | 83.9 | 43.90 | 142.61 | 91.03 |
), ArticleFig(id=1322963008430944831, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1249024232475115590, articleId=1322962995734786521, language=CN, label=表8, caption=
不同模型计算效率对比
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| 模型 | mAP50/% | 参数量/M | 浮点运算量/G | FPS /(帧/s) |
|---|
| OL | SD |
|---|
| YOLO11-X | 91.2 | 78.2 | 56.84 | 195.50 | 111.11 |
| RT-DETR-r50 | 91.3 | 77.1 | 40.89 | 135.86 | 136.15 |
| 本文 | 93.4 | 83.9 | 43.90 | 142.61 | 91.03 |
), ArticleFig(id=1322963008506442305, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1249024232475115590, articleId=1322962995734786521, language=EN, label=Table 9, caption=
Comparison of computational efficiency across different modules, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 模型 | 参数量/M | 浮点运算量/G | FPS/(帧/s) |
|---|
| RT-DETR-r50 | 40.89 | 135.86 | 136.15 |
| + 双视角多尺寸特征加权融合模块 | 41.99 | 139.82 | 102.42 |
| + 三维锚框引导定位融合模块 | 42.81 | 138.43 | 125.80 |
| + 双视角多尺寸特征加权融合模块 & 三维锚框引导定位融合模块 | 43.90 | 142.61 | 91.03 |
), ArticleFig(id=1322963008586134082, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1249024232475115590, articleId=1322962995734786521, language=CN, label=表9, caption=
不同模块对计算效率的影响
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| 模型 | 参数量/M | 浮点运算量/G | FPS/(帧/s) |
|---|
| RT-DETR-r50 | 40.89 | 135.86 | 136.15 |
| + 双视角多尺寸特征加权融合模块 | 41.99 | 139.82 | 102.42 |
| + 三维锚框引导定位融合模块 | 42.81 | 138.43 | 125.80 |
| + 双视角多尺寸特征加权融合模块 & 三维锚框引导定位融合模块 | 43.90 | 142.61 | 91.03 |
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