Article(id=1322960860842426370, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1249024232475115590, issueId=1322960856543273127, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.11834/jig.250514, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1760889600000, receivedDateStr=2025-10-20, revisedDate=1768579200000, revisedDateStr=2026-01-17, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1793348048648, onlineDateStr=2026-10-30, pubDate=1786809600000, pubDateStr=2026-08-16, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1793348048648, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-30, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1793348048648, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1793348048648, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1322960856543273127, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1249024232475115590, year='2026', volume='31', issue='8', pageStart='2687', pageEnd='3074', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1786809600000', pubDateStr='2026-08-16', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1793348047624, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1793348605344, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1322963195874378645, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1249024232475115590, issueId=1322960856543273127, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1322963195874378646, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1249024232475115590, issueId=1322960856543273127, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=2689, endPage=2704, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1322960861744201731, articleId=1322960860842426370, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1249024232475115590, language=EN, title=Embodied intelligence-driven distracted driving detection: a framework and research prospects, columnId=1322960859068244136, journalTitle=Journal of Image and Graphics, columnName=Embodied Intelligence and Humanoid Robotics Frontiers, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
The National Highway Traffic Safety Administration asserted that distracted driving has become one of the leading causes of motor vehicle accidents,resulting in severe economic losses and casualties worldwide. Distracted driving refers to behaviors in which a driver’s attention shifts from the primary driving task to unrelated activities,impairing visual perception,cognitive awareness,decision-making,and operational control. Common distractions,such as calling,texting,eating,and conversing,are often covert,dynamic,and difficult to detect using a single sensing modality. Therefore,the development of a framework capable of robust perception,adaptive cognition,and real-time reasoning remains a major challenge in intelligent driving research. Embodied intelligence,a core concept of intelligent manufacturing,emphasizes deep interaction and tight coordination between intelligent agents and the physical environment. Moreover,embodied intelligence enables the emergence and evolution of cognition through continuous perception-action coupling,endowing intelligent systems with adaptive behavior generation,self-optimization,and environmental awareness. In recent years,embodied intelligence has been widely applied in bionic robotics,unmanned systems,and intelligent vehicles,driving innovation and theoretical progress in human-machine collaboration and cognitive autonomy. Building upon this theoretical foundation,this study systematically reviews the key technological pathways for distracted driving detection from the perspective of embodied cognition,focusing on frontier research trends,such as large-scale multimodal models,domain adaptation,and continual learning. This study introduces a hierarchical theoretical framework consisting of five interrelated layers that together form a closed-loop structure of perception,cognition,and execution by integrating the cognitive logic of embodied intelligence with the dynamic characteristics of complex traffic environments. The physical layer serves as the foundation,responsible for multimodal data acquisition through cameras,infrared sensors,microphones,and physiological sensors,ensuring a comprehensive coverage of driver behaviors and environmental conditions. The communication and fusion layer handles data transmission,synchronization,and multimodal fusion across heterogeneous devices,enabling reliable multi-source collaboration and adaptive information exchange under varying network and vehicular conditions. The data and knowledge layer manages and semantically interprets the collected information,constructs knowledge graphs of driver states and contextual events,and supports the integration of prior driving knowledge for enhanced reasoning. The cognition and reasoning layer applies advanced learning and inference mechanisms to interpret multimodal inputs,recognize driver states,predict behavioral intentions,and formulate context-aware strategies for distraction mitigation. Finally,the capability and application layer functions as the executive component,connecting cognitive outputs to real-world interaction,and supports human-machine communication through digital human interfaces,semantic prompts,and feedback control mechanisms for adaptive intervention and behavioral regulation. Together,these five layers establish a theoretical structure that transitions from passive perception to active cognition and embodied execution,forming an integrated mechanism for closed-loop understanding and intervention. Unlike existing detection systems that primarily focus on recognition and alerting,the proposed embodied-intelligence-based framework highlights a conceptual transformation toward human-centered adaptability,self-evolving learning,and knowledge-driven decision-making. This study provides a unified and extensible foundation that bridges multimodal perception,cognitive reasoning,and control feedback under the embodied intelligence paradigm as a theoretical contribution. The proposed framework is conceptual rather than engineering-oriented,serving as a blueprint for future empirical validation,experimental simulation,and real-world deployment. Meanwhile,the implementation of the proposed framework still faces considerable challenges. From the technical perspective,the constrained computational resources of in-vehicle terminals limit the deployment of complex deep learning models. Insufficient multimodal sensing and synchronization hinder the scalability of perception systems. Meanwhile,inference hallucination in large-scale reasoning models introduces uncertainty that threatens decision reliability and system safety. From the application perspective,ethical and legal controversies related to driver monitoring,data privacy,and algorithmic transparency remain unresolved,while high economic costs continue to impede large-scale deployment and commercialization. Future research on lightweight optimization,trustworthy and interpretable inference,distributed learning,and regulatory standardization is necessary to address these challenges. Such efforts are expected to ensure that embodied-intelligence-based distracted driving detection can evolve toward safe,efficient,transparent,and socially sustainable intelligent driving ecosystems. Overall,this study presents a systematic,forward-looking,and theoretically grounded exploration of embodied-intelligence-driven distracted driving detection. This study redefines the principles of human-machine collaboration,establishes a pathway for embodied cognitive understanding,and provides theoretical guidance for the evolution of next-generation intelligent and safe driving systems by consolidating fragmented advances in multimodal perception,driver behavior modeling,and adaptive decision-making into a unified theoretical architecture.
, authors=Muwei Jian1
, 2
, *, Yukun Ling1, Haoran Zhang1, Linsong Zhang1, Jiajun Ma1, authorsList=Muwei Jian, Yukun Ling, Haoran Zhang, Linsong Zhang, Jiajun Ma, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Muwei Jian, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1322960891959967779, articleId=1322960860842426370, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1249024232475115590, language=CN, title=具身智能驱动的分心驾驶检测:框架研究与前沿展望, columnId=1322960859248599210, journalTitle=中国图象图形学报, columnName=具身智能与人形机器人前沿, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
分心驾驶是导致交通事故的主要因素之一,每年造成巨额经济损失和人员伤亡,对公共交通安全构成严重威胁。与以静态感知和离线分类为核心的传统驾驶行为识别方法不同,具身智能强调智能体通过身体感知、环境交互与行为反馈形成闭环认知,为分心驾驶检测走向“行为—认知—反馈”协同建模提供了新的研究范式。在分心驾驶检测场景中,驾驶员并非被动的信息输入源,而是与车辆、道路环境持续交互的具身主体,其风险状态由视觉、动作、注意力与情境共同驱动。基于具身智能的核心思想,本文从具身认知视角系统梳理了分心驾驶检测的关键技术路径,将分心驾驶行为视为“驾驶员—车辆—环境”持续交互过程中产生的具身认知结果,重点涵盖了多模态智能驾驶垂域大模型、领域自适应与持续学习等前沿研究方向,并从具身语义建模、环境适应与经验累积的角度分析其在分心驾驶检测中的作用;结合复杂交通环境的动态特征,提出了一个具有层次化结构的具身智能驱动分心驾驶检测理论框架,为分心驾驶检测研究提供新的参考思路和解决方案。最后,本文总结了具身智能驱动的分心驾驶检测系统在落地部署过程中面临的技术瓶颈与挑战,阐述了具身智能在分心驾驶检测中的应用前景,并展望了未来潜在的发展方向,可为具身智能驱动的智能驾驶安全系统的持续演进提供参考。
, authors=蹇木伟1
, 2
, *, 凌钰坤1, 张昊然1, 张琳松1, 马嘉骏1, authorsList=蹇木伟, 凌钰坤, 张昊然, 张琳松, 马嘉骏, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=蹇木伟, authorNote=
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1 School of Computing and Artificial Intelligence,Shandong University of Finance and Economics,Jinan 250014,China
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1 山东财经大学计算机与人工智能学院,济南 250014
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蹇木伟,男,教授,主要研究方向为计算机视觉。E-mail:jianmuweihk@163.com
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马嘉骏,男,硕士研究生,主要研究方向为计算机视觉。E-mail:majiajun@mail.sdufe.edu.cn
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2025. Embodied intelligent agricultural robots: key technologies,application analysis,challenges and prospects.
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2025. 具身智能农业机器人: 关键技术、应用分析、挑战与展望.
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2024. Orchestrate latent expertise: advancing online continual learning with multi-level supervision and reverse self-distillation//Proceedings of 2024 IEEE/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition. Seattle,USA: IEEE: 23670-23680 [DOI:
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2024. Overview of the development of large language models.
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2025. Research and application of embodied intelligence.
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2022. Recognition model of distracted drivers when approaching signalized intersections.
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具身智能驱动的三元交互模型, figureFileSmall=DntjqjiHdTi7lmCkcFd3IA==, figureFileBig=V4OJs2q1LBkohIbVt7Q3Dg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322960908745572441, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1249024232475115590, articleId=1322960860842426370, language=EN, label=Fig.4, caption=
Schematic core technologies and modeling architecture of embodied perception system, figureFileSmall=eHDhFWsXOA4nJh9ipEl/KQ==, figureFileBig=2WzRfEMMO+Q8w0ghbaUJgw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322960908825264218, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1249024232475115590, articleId=1322960860842426370, language=CN, label=图4, caption=
具身感知系统的核心组成与建模结构, figureFileSmall=eHDhFWsXOA4nJh9ipEl/KQ==, figureFileBig=2WzRfEMMO+Q8w0ghbaUJgw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322960908904955995, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1249024232475115590, articleId=1322960860842426370, language=EN, label=Fig.5, caption=
Core mechanism of embodied execution, figureFileSmall=+9uK1ttqnFBK39xn3DJzqQ==, figureFileBig=3akf5/c96UhMwPwWK0KvGA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322960908972064860, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1249024232475115590, articleId=1322960860842426370, language=CN, label=图5, caption=
具身执行的核心机制, figureFileSmall=+9uK1ttqnFBK39xn3DJzqQ==, figureFileBig=3akf5/c96UhMwPwWK0KvGA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322960909043368029, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1249024232475115590, articleId=1322960860842426370, language=EN, label=Fig.6, caption=
Impression-memory-knowledge mechanism in embodied intelligence, figureFileSmall=uuKH4bJLmoWFKetzqC6Gow==, figureFileBig=oA6xYHBFAAeSyvfMpP5cHQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322960909106282590, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1249024232475115590, articleId=1322960860842426370, language=CN, label=图6, caption=
具身智能中的印象—记忆—知识机制, figureFileSmall=uuKH4bJLmoWFKetzqC6Gow==, figureFileBig=oA6xYHBFAAeSyvfMpP5cHQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322960909169197151, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1249024232475115590, articleId=1322960860842426370, language=EN, label=Fig.7, caption=
Collaborative framework of key embodied intelligence techniques for distracted driving detection, figureFileSmall=cX7z/dRS3azOMYr7yFkgeA==, figureFileBig=UTaSz2z+6fu3GPr0TnxQWA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322960909248888928, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1249024232475115590, articleId=1322960860842426370, language=CN, label=图7, caption=
具身智能驱动分心驾驶检测的关键技术闭环机制, figureFileSmall=cX7z/dRS3azOMYr7yFkgeA==, figureFileBig=UTaSz2z+6fu3GPr0TnxQWA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322960909458604129, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1249024232475115590, articleId=1322960860842426370, language=EN, label=Fig.8, caption=
Semantic modeling framework of a multimodal domain-specific driving model, figureFileSmall=1pATtthQOH8OEJheB5kz3g==, figureFileBig=r2N1VecvYTZQG7JT5/taFg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322960909521518690, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1249024232475115590, articleId=1322960860842426370, language=CN, label=图8, caption=
多模态智能驾驶垂域大模型的语义建模框架, figureFileSmall=1pATtthQOH8OEJheB5kz3g==, figureFileBig=r2N1VecvYTZQG7JT5/taFg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322960909588627555, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1249024232475115590, articleId=1322960860842426370, language=EN, label=Fig.9, caption=
Typical vision-language generation model, figureFileSmall=M8EU3SnJOR9fYGMPqvJj1g==, figureFileBig=e3YFAB6KGH0tg1vRKCC8IA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322960909680902244, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1249024232475115590, articleId=1322960860842426370, language=CN, label=图9, caption=
典型视觉—语言生成模型, figureFileSmall=M8EU3SnJOR9fYGMPqvJj1g==, figureFileBig=e3YFAB6KGH0tg1vRKCC8IA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322960909878034533, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1249024232475115590, articleId=1322960860842426370, language=EN, label=Fig.10, caption=
Schematic illustration of domain adaptation mechanism for distracted driving detection, figureFileSmall=/9i1+chVBR0DB8JeXhwjNw==, figureFileBig=VVfzdqPmFgH5IFwJhTkWGA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322960909945143398, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1249024232475115590, articleId=1322960860842426370, language=CN, label=图10, caption=
智能驾驶分心检测中的领域自适应机制示意图, figureFileSmall=/9i1+chVBR0DB8JeXhwjNw==, figureFileBig=VVfzdqPmFgH5IFwJhTkWGA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322960910020640871, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1249024232475115590, articleId=1322960860842426370, language=EN, label=Fig.11, caption=
Schematic illustration of the continual learning mechanism in intelligent driving, figureFileSmall=g75m8Kf9f7szw9Ocf6jidw==, figureFileBig=7N1lvNTipjHRAVb3xlJS5A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322960910083555432, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1249024232475115590, articleId=1322960860842426370, language=CN, label=图11, caption=
智能驾驶中持续学习机制示意图, figureFileSmall=g75m8Kf9f7szw9Ocf6jidw==, figureFileBig=7N1lvNTipjHRAVb3xlJS5A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322960910351990889, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1249024232475115590, articleId=1322960860842426370, language=EN, label=Fig.12, caption=
Functional hierarchical architecture of an embodied intelligence-driven distracted driving detection system, figureFileSmall=+bWcNSMuTmTtFBFRfsIU0g==, figureFileBig=jI1aE3tzxbaEptCwCP0uyg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322960910423294058, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1249024232475115590, articleId=1322960860842426370, language=CN, label=图12, caption=
具身智能驱动的分心驾驶检测系统功能层级架构, figureFileSmall=+bWcNSMuTmTtFBFRfsIU0g==, figureFileBig=jI1aE3tzxbaEptCwCP0uyg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322960910490402923, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1249024232475115590, articleId=1322960860842426370, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=
Representative studies of key embodied intelligence technologies for distracted driving detection, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 参考文献 | 关键技术 | 解决的分心驾驶问题 | 支撑的系统层级 |
|---|
| Zhou等人(2025a) | 多模态生理信号融合 | 自动驾驶场景下驾驶员分心状态识别 | 感知层;数据与知识层 |
| Yang等人(2024) | 视觉—姿态融合的时序行为建模 | 基于人体姿态与外观特征的分心驾驶行为识别 | 感知层;认知与推理层 |
| Hasan等人(2024) | 视觉—语言模型 | 自然驾驶视频中的分心行为语义识别 | 感知层;认知推理层 |
| Zhang等人(2024) | 基于多模态预训练大模型 | 复杂分心驾驶行为的语义理解与可解释风险评估 | 数据与知识层;认知与推理层 |
| Li等人(2024) | 领域自适应 | 跨数据集与真实部署场景中的领域偏移 | 数据与知识层;认知与推理层 |
| Duan等人(2025) | Score-softmax学习策略 | 跨数据集场景下分心驾驶检测性能下降 | 数据与知识层;认知与推理层 |
| Yang等人(2025) | 持续学习 | 分心驾驶行为的长期演化与个性化适配 | 数据与知识层;认知与推理层;能力与应用层 |
| Ma等人(2024) | 驾驶员行为的时序建模与在线更新 | 面向时序变化的分心驾驶行为识别与定位 | 认知与推理层;能力与应用层 |
), ArticleFig(id=1322960910549123180, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1249024232475115590, articleId=1322960860842426370, language=CN, label=表1, caption=
具身智能关键技术在分心驾驶检测中的代表性研究对比
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 参考文献 | 关键技术 | 解决的分心驾驶问题 | 支撑的系统层级 |
|---|
| Zhou等人(2025a) | 多模态生理信号融合 | 自动驾驶场景下驾驶员分心状态识别 | 感知层;数据与知识层 |
| Yang等人(2024) | 视觉—姿态融合的时序行为建模 | 基于人体姿态与外观特征的分心驾驶行为识别 | 感知层;认知与推理层 |
| Hasan等人(2024) | 视觉—语言模型 | 自然驾驶视频中的分心行为语义识别 | 感知层;认知推理层 |
| Zhang等人(2024) | 基于多模态预训练大模型 | 复杂分心驾驶行为的语义理解与可解释风险评估 | 数据与知识层;认知与推理层 |
| Li等人(2024) | 领域自适应 | 跨数据集与真实部署场景中的领域偏移 | 数据与知识层;认知与推理层 |
| Duan等人(2025) | Score-softmax学习策略 | 跨数据集场景下分心驾驶检测性能下降 | 数据与知识层;认知与推理层 |
| Yang等人(2025) | 持续学习 | 分心驾驶行为的长期演化与个性化适配 | 数据与知识层;认知与推理层;能力与应用层 |
| Ma等人(2024) | 驾驶员行为的时序建模与在线更新 | 面向时序变化的分心驾驶行为识别与定位 | 认知与推理层;能力与应用层 |
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