Article(id=1322961002001740668, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1249024232475115590, issueId=1322960856543273127, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.11834/jig.250460, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1760198400000, receivedDateStr=2025-10-12, revisedDate=1767456000000, revisedDateStr=2026-01-04, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1793348082303, onlineDateStr=2026-10-30, pubDate=1786809600000, pubDateStr=2026-08-16, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1793348082303, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-30, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1793348082303, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1793348082303, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1322960856543273127, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1249024232475115590, year='2026', volume='31', issue='8', pageStart='2687', pageEnd='3074', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1786809600000', pubDateStr='2026-08-16', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1793348047624, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1793348605344, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1322963195874378645, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1249024232475115590, issueId=1322960856543273127, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1322963195874378646, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1249024232475115590, issueId=1322960856543273127, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=2958, endPage=2972, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1322961002198872957, articleId=1322961002001740668, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1249024232475115590, language=EN, title=Dougong detection method of Mask R-CNN Swin with an integrated attention mechanism, columnId=1249044019595125147, journalTitle=Journal of Image and Graphics, columnName=Image Analysis and Recognition, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective Dougong is a distinctive structural and decorative component of traditional Chinese wooden architecture,playing a critical role in load transfer,seismic resistance,and architectural aesthetics. Moreover,Dougong,a key element connecting columns,beams,and roof structures,embodies sophisticated construction wisdom and regional architectural characteristics accumulated over centuries. The structural configuration of Dougong is composed of multiple interlocking wooden elements arranged in a highly ordered and hierarchical manner,exhibiting strong geometric regularity and pronounced directional dependency. These characteristics make Dougong not only architecturally significant but also visually complex. In real-world heritage environments,the automated recognition of Dougong faces substantial challenges. Variations in spatial orientation,component location (corner and non-corner Dougong),viewing angle,and scale significantly affect visual appearance. Moreover,complex backgrounds,uneven illumination,occlusion by surrounding architectural elements,and long-term material degradation further complicate accurate recognition. In particular,damaged Dougong components often exhibit incomplete structures and blurred boundaries,which severely reduce the effectiveness of conventional image recognition methods. Although deep learning techniques have been increasingly applied to cultural heritage documentation and architectural analysis,numerous existing approaches primarily rely on convolutional neural networks. Such methods often struggle to capture long-range dependencies and direction-sensitive structural features,limiting their adaptability to ancient architectural components with strong directional organization. Accordingly,a recognition framework that can explicitly model directional structural information while maintaining robustness under complex environmental conditions must be developed. The objective of this study is to develop a robust and accurate Dougong recognition model by integrating Transformer-based feature extraction with a novel direction-aware attention mechanism. This study aims to advance the intelligent recognition of intact and damaged Dougong components by enhancing directional feature representation and channel-wise feature interaction,thereby supporting the digital preservation and systematic documentation of ancient wooden architectural heritage.
Method This study proposes an improved Dougong recognition framework based on the Mask R-CNN architecture enhanced with a Swin Transformer backbone. Unlike the traditional convolutional backbones,the Swin Transformer enables hierarchical feature extraction and efficient modeling of global contextual information,which is particularly beneficial for complex architectural scenes. A dedicated Dougong dataset is constructed,consisting of 3 014 carefully annotated images that include corner and non-corner Dougong instances. The dataset is collected from real architectural environments at historically significant sites,such as Lingyin Temple and Faxisi Temple,complemented by high-quality images from publicly accessible online repositories. The collected samples cover diverse viewpoints,spatial scales,lighting conditions,and background environments,ensuring strong representativeness and practical applicability. A directional coordinate attention (DIRCA) mechanism is introduced to address the limitations of conventional attention mechanisms in capturing the directional structural characteristics of Dougong. Unlike traditional spatial or channel attention methods that treat spatial dimensions uniformly,DIRCA decomposes spatial attention into horizontal and vertical directions. This design enables the network to independently encode direction-sensitive information along orthogonal axes,which closely corresponds to the intrinsic structural logic of Dougong,including component stacking order,load transmission paths,and repetitive decorative patterns. DIRCA improves the model’s ability to distinguish subtle structural variations under complex background interference by explicitly strengthening the representation of direction-dependent features. In addition,a 1D squeeze-and-excitation (1D-SE) module is incorporated to achieve lightweight channel recalibration. The proposed 1D-SE mechanism models inter-channel dependencies using a simplified 1D operation,effectively minimizing computational cost while preserving channel discrimination capability. This lightweight design facilitates seamless integration with the Transformer-based backbone and enhances the interaction between global contextual features and local structural details. The DIRCA and 1D-SE modules are jointly embedded within the Swin Transformer-enhanced Mask R-CNN framework,forming the proposed SwinE_AM_DIRCA model. Model training and evaluation are conducted under consistent experimental settings. Comparative experiments are performed against representative baseline models,including Mask R-CNN_ResNet50 and Swin_AM,to verify the effectiveness of the proposed architectural improvements. Multiple evaluation metrics are used to assess recognition performance,stability,and robustness,with particular emphasis on corner Dougong and damaged Dougong scenarios.
Result Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed SwinE_AM_DIRCA model achieves substantial and consistent performance improvements over baseline methods across multiple recognition tasks. The recognition performance for non-corner Dougong reaches 94.4%,while the performance for corner Dougong attains 89.2%,outperforming the Swin_AM model by 6.7% and 8.9%,respectively. The proposed framework achieves even more pronounced improvements of 10.8% for non-corner Dougong and 20.4% for corner Dougong recognition compared with the conventional Mask R-CNN_ResNet50 model,highlighting the effectiveness of Transformer-based feature extraction combined with direction-aware attention. In damaged Dougong recognition tasks,the proposed model exhibits strong robustness and stability. Despite challenges,such as partial occlusion,surface erosion,structural incompleteness,and background clutter commonly observed in ancient architectural heritage sites,SwinE_AM_DIRCA maintains accurate localization and recognition of the key structural components. Qualitative visualization results further indicate that the model effectively suppresses irrelevant background features while preserving the integrity of direction-sensitive structural information,which is crucial for a reliable heritage documentation. Ablation experiments further confirm the contribution of each proposed module. The DIRCA mechanism significantly enhances the model’s sensitivity to directional features,while the 1D-SE module improves channel-wise feature discrimination with minimal computational overhead. When these two modules are combined,they produce complementary effects,resulting in consistent performance gains and improved model robustness across different Dougong types and damage conditions.
Conclusion This study presents a direction-aware and lightweight attention-enhanced deep learning framework for Dougong recognition in ancient Chinese wooden architecture. The proposed SwinE_AM_DIRCA model effectively addresses the challenges posed by complex morphology,strong directional characteristics,and real-world damage conditions of Dougong structures by integrating the DIRCA mechanism and 1D-SE module into a Swin Transformer-based Mask R-CNN architecture. The primary innovation of this study lies in the unified modeling of direction-sensitive structural features and efficient channel recalibration,enabling improved recognition performance and robustness without excessive computational complexity. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method significantly outperforms existing baseline models in standard and damaged Dougong recognition tasks. Overall,this study provides an effective and practical technical solution for the intelligent recognition and digital preservation of ancient architectural components. The proposed framework contributes to the advancement of deep learning applications in cultural heritage analysis and offers valuable methodological support for the systematic documentation and sustainable protection of ancient buildings.
, authors=Yuan Jin1, Fang’ai Chi2, Ying’ao Liu1, Yan’e Li1
, *, authorsList=Yuan Jin, Fang’ai Chi, Ying’ao Liu, Yan’e Li, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Yan’e Li, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1322961006200238990, articleId=1322961002001740668, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1249024232475115590, language=CN, title=Mask R-CNN Swin融合注意力机制的斗拱检测方法, columnId=1249044019838394781, journalTitle=中国图象图形学报, columnName=图像分析和识别, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
目的 斗拱作为中国古代木构建筑的重要承重与装饰构件,其形态复杂、方向特征显著,对自动化识别与数字化保护提出了更高要求。为提升斗拱及破损斗拱的识别精度与鲁棒性,本文基于深度学习与Transformer架构构建了一种改进型Mask R-CNN(Mask region-based convolutional neural network)斗拱识别模型。
方法 以Mask R-CNN_Swin为基础框架,构建包含转角斗拱与非转角斗拱的图像数据集(共3 014幅样本,来源于灵隐寺、法喜寺等古建筑实景及公开网络资源)。针对斗拱结构的方向性特征与复杂背景干扰问题,提出方向坐标注意力机制,通过在水平与垂直方向上独立建模显著性特征,有效增强模型对方向敏感结构的表征能力;同时引入一维压缩激励机制,以实现通道特征的轻量化重标定,强化全局与局部特征间的依赖建模。
结果 实验结果表明,改进模型SwinE_AM_DIRCA(Mask R-CNN_Swin enhanced with 1D squeeze-and-excitation,automatic mixed precision,multi-scale cropping,and directional coordinate attention)在非转角斗拱与转角斗拱识别中的精度分别达到94.4% 与89.2%,较基础Swin_AM(Mask R-CNN_Swin with automatic mixed precision and multi-scale cropping)模型分别提升6.7%与8.9%,较Mask R-CNN_ResNet50(Mask region-based convolutional neural network with ResNet-50 backbone)模型分别提升10.8%和20.4%;在破损斗拱识别任务中亦取得显著性能提升。
结论 本研究通过引入方向敏感建模与通道压缩激励相结合的注意力机制,显著增强了模型对斗拱结构特征的表达能力与方向判别能力。创新点在于提出了基于方向解耦的坐标注意力机制DIRCA(directional coordinate attention)与一维压缩激励机制1D-SE(1D-squeeze-and-excitation)的协同设计框架,实现了方向性特征建模与轻量化通道增强的统一,为古建筑构件的智能识别、自动修复及文化遗产数字化保护提供了可行路径与技术支撑。
, authors=金远1, 池方爱2, 刘迎奥1, 李颜娥1
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1 浙江农林大学数学与计算机科学学院,杭州 311300, bio={"content":"
金远,男,硕士研究生,主要研究方向为斗拱图像实例分割与修复。E-mail:2023611031015@stu.zafu.edu.cn
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金远,男,硕士研究生,主要研究方向为斗拱图像实例分割与修复。E-mail:2023611031015@stu.zafu.edu.cn
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2 长江大学城市建设学院,荆州 434000, bio={"content":"
池方爱,男,教授,主要研究方向为建筑遗产数智化保护。E-mail:524039@yangtzeu.edu.cn
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池方爱,男,教授,主要研究方向为建筑遗产数智化保护。E-mail:524039@yangtzeu.edu.cn
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1 浙江农林大学数学与计算机科学学院,杭州 311300, bio={"content":"
刘迎奥,男,硕士研究生,主要研究方向为图像分割。E-mail:yingaoliu@stu.zafu.edu.cn
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刘迎奥,男,硕士研究生,主要研究方向为图像分割。E-mail:yingaoliu@stu.zafu.edu.cn
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1 浙江农林大学数学与计算机科学学院,杭州 311300, bio={"content":"
李颜娥,通信作者,女,副教授,主要研究方向为人工智能与深度学习。E-mail:yaneli@zafu.edu.cn
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李颜娥,通信作者,女,副教授,主要研究方向为人工智能与深度学习。E-mail:yaneli@zafu.edu.cn
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1 College of Mathematics and Computer Science,Zhejiang A&F University,Hangzhou 311300,China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1322961006439314321, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1249024232475115590, articleId=1322961002001740668, companyId=1322961006422537103, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=
1 浙江农林大学数学与计算机科学学院,杭州 311300)]), AuthorCompany(id=1322961006510617490, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1249024232475115590, articleId=1322961002001740668, xref=2, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1322961006519006099, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1249024232475115590, articleId=1322961002001740668, companyId=1322961006510617490, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=
2 School of Urban Construction,Yangtze University,Jingzhou 434000,China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1322961006527394708, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1249024232475115590, articleId=1322961002001740668, companyId=1322961006510617490, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=
2 长江大学城市建设学院,荆州 434000)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1322961008259642291, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1249024232475115590, articleId=1322961002001740668, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=
Framework diagram of study, figureFileSmall=gMeRouU6o0/+MO7+0hgz8w==, figureFileBig=LswDkV37mMzWVfqn+VhkuA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322961008339334068, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1249024232475115590, articleId=1322961002001740668, language=CN, label=图1, caption=
研究框架图, figureFileSmall=gMeRouU6o0/+MO7+0hgz8w==, figureFileBig=LswDkV37mMzWVfqn+VhkuA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322961008565826485, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1249024232475115590, articleId=1322961002001740668, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=
Examples of a Dougong images with labeling results ((a) non-corner Dougong; (b) corner Dougong;, figureFileSmall=qxVcjx5mvbCggcSbQstTkg==, figureFileBig=nkJ/HRjciBPWpMMsP0L7ow==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322961008624546742, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1249024232475115590, articleId=1322961002001740668, language=CN, label=图2, caption=
斗拱图像示例与标注结果(c) labeled non-corner Dougong; (d) labeled corner Dougong; (e) damaged non-corner Dougong; (f) damaged corner Dougong;
(g) labeled damaged non-corner Dougong; (h) labeled damaged corner Dougong)
, figureFileSmall=qxVcjx5mvbCggcSbQstTkg==, figureFileBig=nkJ/HRjciBPWpMMsP0L7ow==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322961008708432823, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1249024232475115590, articleId=1322961002001740668, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=
Swin-Mask R-CNN structure diagram, figureFileSmall=pYU1wwxSdjxk8I6JFxALqw==, figureFileBig=MMTQ2epyue5ys/DzqS+qXA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322961008767153080, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1249024232475115590, articleId=1322961002001740668, language=CN, label=图3, caption=
Swin-Mask R-CNN结构图, figureFileSmall=pYU1wwxSdjxk8I6JFxALqw==, figureFileBig=MMTQ2epyue5ys/DzqS+qXA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322961008838456249, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1249024232475115590, articleId=1322961002001740668, language=EN, label=Fig.4, caption=
Overall network framework diagram, figureFileSmall=v7BHWlAJ0r5/Hgc1nW+Y8w==, figureFileBig=ni+8XCxHKhtghwFrEzcg+A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322961008901370810, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1249024232475115590, articleId=1322961002001740668, language=CN, label=图4, caption=
整体网络框架图, figureFileSmall=v7BHWlAJ0r5/Hgc1nW+Y8w==, figureFileBig=ni+8XCxHKhtghwFrEzcg+A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322961010604258235, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1249024232475115590, articleId=1322961002001740668, language=EN, label=Fig.5, caption=
CA structure diagram, figureFileSmall=xtVNpF0oemqkZn4gvkACEw==, figureFileBig=rf7OA+49LGmz4yIbnO1MeA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322961010683950012, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1249024232475115590, articleId=1322961002001740668, language=CN, label=图5, caption=
CA结构图, figureFileSmall=xtVNpF0oemqkZn4gvkACEw==, figureFileBig=rf7OA+49LGmz4yIbnO1MeA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322961010767836093, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1249024232475115590, articleId=1322961002001740668, language=EN, label=Fig.6, caption=
DIRCA structure diagram, figureFileSmall=Ml0haQMTqsPevuLirKAECQ==, figureFileBig=WqJaFLo/yY5n5BNcGQ7Ebw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322961010973356990, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1249024232475115590, articleId=1322961002001740668, language=CN, label=图6, caption=
DIRCA结构图, figureFileSmall=Ml0haQMTqsPevuLirKAECQ==, figureFileBig=WqJaFLo/yY5n5BNcGQ7Ebw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322961011094991807, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1249024232475115590, articleId=1322961002001740668, language=EN, label=Fig.7, caption=
Grad-CAM analysis on the FPN layers of SwinE_AM, figureFileSmall=I3MFS+sL6ZS4+BgDCEQ7uA==, figureFileBig=hhCuuBmdXNoVegt8tI7VwA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322961011166294976, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1249024232475115590, articleId=1322961002001740668, language=CN, label=图7, caption=
SwinE_AM的FPN层Grad-CAM分析, figureFileSmall=I3MFS+sL6ZS4+BgDCEQ7uA==, figureFileBig=hhCuuBmdXNoVegt8tI7VwA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322961011233403841, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1249024232475115590, articleId=1322961002001740668, language=EN, label=Fig.8, caption=
Examples of detection and segmentation results with different models, figureFileSmall=cQYxwVpgG9ajYfl6mjYbcg==, figureFileBig=cn0KqYKUZhtZanUaG8jvkA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322961011300512706, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1249024232475115590, articleId=1322961002001740668, language=CN, label=图8, caption=
不同模型检测与分割结果示例, figureFileSmall=cQYxwVpgG9ajYfl6mjYbcg==, figureFileBig=cn0KqYKUZhtZanUaG8jvkA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322961011363427267, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1249024232475115590, articleId=1322961002001740668, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=
Experimental model parameters, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 训练参数 | 参数值 |
|---|
| 输入图像大小 | 800 × 1 300 像素 |
| 批量大小 | 2 |
| 训练周期 | 36 |
| 优化器 | AdamW |
| 学习率 | 0.000 1 |
| 权重衰减 | 0.05 |
| 一阶矩衰减率(β₁) | 0.9 |
| 二阶矩衰减率(β₂) | 0.999 |
), ArticleFig(id=1322961011430536132, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1249024232475115590, articleId=1322961002001740668, language=CN, label=表1, caption=
实验模型参数
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 训练参数 | 参数值 |
|---|
| 输入图像大小 | 800 × 1 300 像素 |
| 批量大小 | 2 |
| 训练周期 | 36 |
| 优化器 | AdamW |
| 学习率 | 0.000 1 |
| 权重衰减 | 0.05 |
| 一阶矩衰减率(β₁) | 0.9 |
| 二阶矩衰减率(β₂) | 0.999 |
), ArticleFig(id=1322961011514422213, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1249024232475115590, articleId=1322961002001740668, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=
Comparison of Dougong recognition models, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 模型—识别 | AP for non | AP0.75 for non | AP for cor | AP0.75 for cor | AR |
|---|
| Mask R-CNN_Swin | 0.875 | 0.986 | 0.734 | 1 | 0.849 |
| Mask R-CNN_ResNet50 | 0.836 | 0.977 | 0.688 | 0.801 | 0.833 |
| Condinst_ResNet50 | 0.830 | 0.975 | 0.576 | 0.499 | 0.760 |
| Retinanet_ResNet50 | 0.844 | 0.969 | 0.530 | 0.455 | 0.744 |
| Fsaf_ResNet50 | 0.842 | 0.979 | 0.566 | 0.586 | 0.788 |
| Retinanet_pvt | 0.833 | 0.976 | 0.686 | 0.945 | 0.803 |
), ArticleFig(id=1322961011585725382, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1249024232475115590, articleId=1322961002001740668, language=CN, label=表2, caption=
斗拱识别模型对比
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 模型—识别 | AP for non | AP0.75 for non | AP for cor | AP0.75 for cor | AR |
|---|
| Mask R-CNN_Swin | 0.875 | 0.986 | 0.734 | 1 | 0.849 |
| Mask R-CNN_ResNet50 | 0.836 | 0.977 | 0.688 | 0.801 | 0.833 |
| Condinst_ResNet50 | 0.830 | 0.975 | 0.576 | 0.499 | 0.760 |
| Retinanet_ResNet50 | 0.844 | 0.969 | 0.530 | 0.455 | 0.744 |
| Fsaf_ResNet50 | 0.842 | 0.979 | 0.566 | 0.586 | 0.788 |
| Retinanet_pvt | 0.833 | 0.976 | 0.686 | 0.945 | 0.803 |
), ArticleFig(id=1322961011669611463, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1249024232475115590, articleId=1322961002001740668, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=
Comparison of Dougong segmentation models, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 模型—分割 | AP for non | AP0.75 for non | AP for cor | AP0.75 for cor | AR |
|---|
| Mask R-CNN_Swin | 0.876 | 0.988 | 0.820 | 1 | 0.865 |
| Mask R-CNN_ResNet50 | 0.857 | 0.976 | 0.781 | 0.983 | 0.860 |
| Condinst_ResNet50 | 0.757 | 0.851 | 0.722 | 0.888 | 0.806 |
| Solov2_ResNet50 | 0.762 | 0.903 | 0.582 | 0.610 | 0.757 |
| Solo_ResNet50 | 0.805 | 0.921 | 0.711 | 0.853 | 0.821 |
), ArticleFig(id=1322961011749303240, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1249024232475115590, articleId=1322961002001740668, language=CN, label=表3, caption=
斗拱分割模型对比
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 模型—分割 | AP for non | AP0.75 for non | AP for cor | AP0.75 for cor | AR |
|---|
| Mask R-CNN_Swin | 0.876 | 0.988 | 0.820 | 1 | 0.865 |
| Mask R-CNN_ResNet50 | 0.857 | 0.976 | 0.781 | 0.983 | 0.860 |
| Condinst_ResNet50 | 0.757 | 0.851 | 0.722 | 0.888 | 0.806 |
| Solov2_ResNet50 | 0.762 | 0.903 | 0.582 | 0.610 | 0.757 |
| Solo_ResNet50 | 0.805 | 0.921 | 0.711 | 0.853 | 0.821 |
), ArticleFig(id=1322961011820606409, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1249024232475115590, articleId=1322961002001740668, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=
Comparison of damaged Dougong recognition models, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 模型—识别 | AP for non | AP0.75 for non | AP for cor | AP0.75 for cor | AR |
|---|
| Mask R-CNN_Swin | 0.856 | 0.982 | 0.667 | 0.802 | 0.793 |
| Mask R-CNN_ResNet50 | 0.824 | 0.958 | 0.678 | 0.852 | 0.799 |
| Condinst_ResNet50 | 0.781 | 0.946 | 0.512 | 0.481 | 0.751 |
| Retinanet_ResNet50 | 0.754 | 0.932 | 0.443 | 0.216 | 0.661 |
| Fsaf_ResNet50 | 0.831 | 0.958 | 0.566 | 0.672 | 0.783 |
| Retinanet_pvt | 0.829 | 0.974 | 0.682 | 0.907 | 0.799 |
), ArticleFig(id=1322961011912881098, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1249024232475115590, articleId=1322961002001740668, language=CN, label=表4, caption=
破损斗拱识别模型对比
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 模型—识别 | AP for non | AP0.75 for non | AP for cor | AP0.75 for cor | AR |
|---|
| Mask R-CNN_Swin | 0.856 | 0.982 | 0.667 | 0.802 | 0.793 |
| Mask R-CNN_ResNet50 | 0.824 | 0.958 | 0.678 | 0.852 | 0.799 |
| Condinst_ResNet50 | 0.781 | 0.946 | 0.512 | 0.481 | 0.751 |
| Retinanet_ResNet50 | 0.754 | 0.932 | 0.443 | 0.216 | 0.661 |
| Fsaf_ResNet50 | 0.831 | 0.958 | 0.566 | 0.672 | 0.783 |
| Retinanet_pvt | 0.829 | 0.974 | 0.682 | 0.907 | 0.799 |
), ArticleFig(id=1322961011988378571, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1249024232475115590, articleId=1322961002001740668, language=EN, label=Table 5, caption=
Comparison of damaged Dougong segmentation models, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 模型—分割 | AP for non | AP0.75 for non | AP for cor | AP0.75 for cor | AR |
|---|
| Mask R-CNN_Swin | 0.854 | 0.984 | 0.766 | 0.975 | 0.823 |
| Mask R-CNN_ResNet50 | 0.797 | 0.907 | 0.752 | 0.967 | 0.796 |
| Condinst_ResNet50 | 0.721 | 0.786 | 0.608 | 0.726 | 0.755 |
| Solov2_ResNet50 | 0.708 | 0.867 | 0.512 | 0.526 | 0.682 |
| Solo_ResNet50 | 0.759 | 0.914 | 0.601 | 0.735 | 0.769 |
), ArticleFig(id=1322961012084847564, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1249024232475115590, articleId=1322961002001740668, language=CN, label=表5, caption=
破损斗拱分割模型对比
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 模型—分割 | AP for non | AP0.75 for non | AP for cor | AP0.75 for cor | AR |
|---|
| Mask R-CNN_Swin | 0.854 | 0.984 | 0.766 | 0.975 | 0.823 |
| Mask R-CNN_ResNet50 | 0.797 | 0.907 | 0.752 | 0.967 | 0.796 |
| Condinst_ResNet50 | 0.721 | 0.786 | 0.608 | 0.726 | 0.755 |
| Solov2_ResNet50 | 0.708 | 0.867 | 0.512 | 0.526 | 0.682 |
| Solo_ResNet50 | 0.759 | 0.914 | 0.601 | 0.735 | 0.769 |
), ArticleFig(id=1322961012151956429, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1249024232475115590, articleId=1322961002001740668, language=EN, label=Table 6, caption=
Comparison of attention mechanisms in Swin_AM for Dougong recognition, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 模型—识别 | AP for non | AP0.75 for non | AP for cor | AP0.75 for cor | AR |
|---|
| SwinE_AM_DIRCA | 0.944 | 0.988 | 0.892 | 1 | 0.939 |
| SwinE_AM_CA | 0.903 | 0.986 | 0.867 | 1 | 0.910 |
| SwinE_AM_CBAM | 0.898 | 0.985 | 0.802 | 1 | 0.886 |
| SwinE_AM_ECA | 0.891 | 0.979 | 0.831 | 1 | 0.909 |
| SwinE_AM_SE | 0.904 | 0.984 | 0.831 | 1 | 0.898 |
| SwinE_AM | 0.889 | 0.986 | 0.836 | 1 | 0.896 |
| Swin_AM | 0.877 | 0.982 | 0.803 | 1 | 0.885 |
), ArticleFig(id=1322961012265202638, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1249024232475115590, articleId=1322961002001740668, language=CN, label=表6, caption=
Swin_AM与不同注意力机制结合下识别斗拱实验对比
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| 模型—识别 | AP for non | AP0.75 for non | AP for cor | AP0.75 for cor | AR |
|---|
| SwinE_AM_DIRCA | 0.944 | 0.988 | 0.892 | 1 | 0.939 |
| SwinE_AM_CA | 0.903 | 0.986 | 0.867 | 1 | 0.910 |
| SwinE_AM_CBAM | 0.898 | 0.985 | 0.802 | 1 | 0.886 |
| SwinE_AM_ECA | 0.891 | 0.979 | 0.831 | 1 | 0.909 |
| SwinE_AM_SE | 0.904 | 0.984 | 0.831 | 1 | 0.898 |
| SwinE_AM | 0.889 | 0.986 | 0.836 | 1 | 0.896 |
| Swin_AM | 0.877 | 0.982 | 0.803 | 1 | 0.885 |
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Comparison of attention mechanisms in Mask R-CNN_Swin_AM for Dougong segmentation, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 模型—分割 | AP for non | AP0.75 for non | AP for cor | AP0.75 for cor | AR |
|---|
| SwinE_AM_DIRCA | 0.904 | 0.988 | 0.862 | 1 | 0.898 |
| SwinE_AM_CA | 0.887 | 0.982 | 0.853 | 1 | 0.894 |
| SwinE_AM_CBAM | 0.902 | 0.988 | 0.843 | 1 | 0.888 |
| SwinE_AM_ECA | 0.896 | 0.984 | 0.849 | 1 | 0.892 |
| SwinE_AM_SE | 0.901 | 0.987 | 0.829 | 1 | 0.885 |
| SwinE_AM | 0.901 | 0.986 | 0.856 | 1 | 0.895 |
| Swin_AM | 0.893 | 0.985 | 0.854 | 1 | 0.893 |
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Mask R-CNN_Swin_AM与不同注意力机制结合下分割斗拱实验对比
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| 模型—分割 | AP for non | AP0.75 for non | AP for cor | AP0.75 for cor | AR |
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| SwinE_AM_DIRCA | 0.904 | 0.988 | 0.862 | 1 | 0.898 |
| SwinE_AM_CA | 0.887 | 0.982 | 0.853 | 1 | 0.894 |
| SwinE_AM_CBAM | 0.902 | 0.988 | 0.843 | 1 | 0.888 |
| SwinE_AM_ECA | 0.896 | 0.984 | 0.849 | 1 | 0.892 |
| SwinE_AM_SE | 0.901 | 0.987 | 0.829 | 1 | 0.885 |
| SwinE_AM | 0.901 | 0.986 | 0.856 | 1 | 0.895 |
| Swin_AM | 0.893 | 0.985 | 0.854 | 1 | 0.893 |
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Comparison of attention mechanisms in Mask R-CNN_Swin_AM for damaged Dougong recognition, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 模型—识别 | AP for non | AP0.75 for non | AP for cor | AP0.75 for cor | AR |
|---|
| SwinE_AM_DIRCA | 0.936 | 0.990 | 0.873 | 1 | 0.926 |
| SwinE_AM_CA | 0.872 | 0.965 | 0.823 | 1 | 0.878 |
| SwinE_AM_CBAM | 0.899 | 0.987 | 0.777 | 1 | 0.860 |
| SwinE_AM_ECA | 0.887 | 0.987 | 0.799 | 1 | 0.877 |
| SwinE_AM_SE | 0.876 | 0.988 | 0.823 | 0.990 | 0.875 |
| SwinE_AM | 0.884 | 0.987 | 0.802 | 1 | 0.882 |
| Swin_AM | 0.869 | 0.976 | 0.771 | 0.956 | 0.861 |
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Mask R-CNN_Swin_AM与不同注意力机制下识别破损斗拱实验对比
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| 模型—识别 | AP for non | AP0.75 for non | AP for cor | AP0.75 for cor | AR |
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| SwinE_AM_DIRCA | 0.936 | 0.990 | 0.873 | 1 | 0.926 |
| SwinE_AM_CA | 0.872 | 0.965 | 0.823 | 1 | 0.878 |
| SwinE_AM_CBAM | 0.899 | 0.987 | 0.777 | 1 | 0.860 |
| SwinE_AM_ECA | 0.887 | 0.987 | 0.799 | 1 | 0.877 |
| SwinE_AM_SE | 0.876 | 0.988 | 0.823 | 0.990 | 0.875 |
| SwinE_AM | 0.884 | 0.987 | 0.802 | 1 | 0.882 |
| Swin_AM | 0.869 | 0.976 | 0.771 | 0.956 | 0.861 |
), ArticleFig(id=1322961012600746963, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1249024232475115590, articleId=1322961002001740668, language=EN, label=Table 9, caption=
Comparison of attention mechanisms in Mask R-CNN_Swin_AM for damaged Dougong segmentation, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 模型—分割 | AP for non | AP0.75 for non | AP for cor | AP0.75 for cor | AR |
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| SwinE_AM_DIRCA | 0.893 | 0.987 | 0.852 | 1 | 0.893 |
| SwinE_AM_CA | 0.870 | 0.973 | 0.827 | 1 | 0.859 |
| SwinE_AM_CBAM | 0.879 | 0.986 | 0.829 | 1 | 0.871 |
| SwinE_AM_ECA | 0.873 | 0.981 | 0.831 | 1 | 0.862 |
| SwinE_AM_SE | 0.856 | 0.979 | 0.801 | 0.991 | 0.857 |
| SwinE_AM | 0.866 | 0.976 | 0.833 | 1 | 0.860 |
| Swin_AM | 0.867 | 0.987 | 0.809 | 0.995 | 0.858 |
), ArticleFig(id=1322961012667855828, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1249024232475115590, articleId=1322961002001740668, language=CN, label=表9, caption=
Mask R-CNN_Swin_AM与不同注意力机制下分割破损斗拱实验对比
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| 模型—分割 | AP for non | AP0.75 for non | AP for cor | AP0.75 for cor | AR |
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| SwinE_AM_DIRCA | 0.893 | 0.987 | 0.852 | 1 | 0.893 |
| SwinE_AM_CA | 0.870 | 0.973 | 0.827 | 1 | 0.859 |
| SwinE_AM_CBAM | 0.879 | 0.986 | 0.829 | 1 | 0.871 |
| SwinE_AM_ECA | 0.873 | 0.981 | 0.831 | 1 | 0.862 |
| SwinE_AM_SE | 0.856 | 0.979 | 0.801 | 0.991 | 0.857 |
| SwinE_AM | 0.866 | 0.976 | 0.833 | 1 | 0.860 |
| Swin_AM | 0.867 | 0.987 | 0.809 | 0.995 | 0.858 |
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