Article(id=1322960964903108943, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1249024232475115590, issueId=1322960856543273127, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.11834/jig.250448, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1760025600000, receivedDateStr=2025-10-10, revisedDate=1766073600000, revisedDateStr=2025-12-19, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1793348073459, onlineDateStr=2026-10-30, pubDate=1786809600000, pubDateStr=2026-08-16, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1793348073459, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-30, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1793348073459, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1793348073459, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1322960856543273127, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1249024232475115590, year='2026', volume='31', issue='8', pageStart='2687', pageEnd='3074', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1786809600000', pubDateStr='2026-08-16', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1793348047624, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1793348605344, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1322963195874378645, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1249024232475115590, issueId=1322960856543273127, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1322963195874378646, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1249024232475115590, issueId=1322960856543273127, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=2942, endPage=2957, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1322960966262063440, articleId=1322960964903108943, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1249024232475115590, language=EN, title=Infrared small-target detection with multibranch perception and cross-layer semantic fusion, columnId=1249044019595125147, journalTitle=Journal of Image and Graphics, columnName=Image Analysis and Recognition, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective Infrared small-target detection plays a critical role in military surveillance,security monitoring,remote sensing,and unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) operations. Accurate detection of such targets is essential for threat assessment,object tracking,and decision-making in complex operational scenarios. In real-world environments,infrared targets are often extremely small in size,have low contrast against complex backgrounds,and are easily affected by noise. These characteristics make the extraction of discriminative features that can effectively separate targets from surrounding clutter challenging. Moreover,differences in semantic content across feature layers impede the effective fusion of shallow detailed features with deep semantic features,further limiting the accuracy and robustness of detection. Designing efficient,accurate,and robust methods for infrared small-target detection under complex backgrounds remains a critical research problem in the field of computer vision and defense-related applications.
Method To address these challenges,we propose a novel multibranch perception and cross-layer semantic fusion network (MPCF-Net) for infrared small-target detection. The network is built on an encoder-decoder architecture designed to capture both local and global contextual information while mitigating the computational cost. In the encoder,we introduce a multibranch perception fusion attention module (MPFM) that simultaneously processes local,global,and serial convolutional branches to extract multiscale features. The MPFM module is combined with local-global guided attention (LGGA),which integrates local spatial features and global semantic information to enhance the target response,and global channel spatial attention (GCSA),which models channel dependencies and spatial relationships to improve feature representation quality. A spatial-channel cross transformer block (SCTB) replaces conventional skip connections to effectively bridge semantic gaps between shallow and deep layers. SCTB models cross-layer context dependencies,allowing the network to capture hierarchical feature correlations while alleviating semantic differences between layers. This module ensures that shallow detailed and deep semantic features are adequately fused,improving the overall discriminative power of the network. In the decoder,depthwise separable convolution is employed to reduce computational complexity without sacrificing representational capability. Moreover,a light gradient gate (LGG) guided by Sobel gradients is introduced at the output stage to enhance small-target edge details and reinforce feature localization precision. By combining attention mechanisms with multibranch and cross-layer strategies,MPCF-Net can robustly detect infrared small targets in challenging and cluttered backgrounds.
Result The effectiveness of MPCF-Net is evaluated on three public infrared small-target datasets,namely,SIRST,IRSTD,and NUDT-SIRST,which contain diverse scenes with varying target sizes,shapes,and noise levels. Quantitative results demonstrate that MPCF-Net achieves intersection over union (IoU) scores of 80.12%,66.28%,and 84.26% and normalized intersection over union (nIoU) scores of 78.23%,64.58%,and 86.48% on SIRST,IRSTD,and NUDT-SIRST datasets,respectively. In terms of detection performance,MPCF-Net attains a high probability of detection of 99.88%,94.23%,and 98.21% while maintaining extremely low false alarm rates of 1.12 × 10-6,4.39 × 10-6,and 14.57 × 10-6 on SIRST,IRSTD,and NUDT-SIRST datasets,respectively. We also analyze the effectiveness of individual components. Ablation studies reveal that the MPFM module substantially enhances multiscale feature extraction,LGGA improves the network’s sensitivity to target regions,and GCSA strengthens feature representation by emphasizing spatial-channel relationships. The SCTB module demonstrates clear advantages in reducing semantic conflicts between layers,leading to coherent and accurate feature fusion. LGG ensures that edge details are preserved and small targets are precisely localized,which is crucial for applications where missed detection could result in operational failure.
Conclusion MPCF-Net effectively combines multibranch perception,attention mechanisms,and cross-layer semantic fusion to enhance discriminative feature extraction and hierarchical context modeling for infrared small targets. The network demonstrates high accuracy,robustness,and low false alarm rates in complex scenes. Its design provides a practical solution for real-world surveillance,military monitoring,and UAV-based remote sensing applications. Future work may explore adaptive integration with other sensor modalities and real-time deployment strategies to further enhance operational effectiveness.
, authors=Menghao Qian1, Kui Liu1
, *, Fengbo Zhang1, Benyue Su2, authorsList=Menghao Qian, Kui Liu, Fengbo Zhang, Benyue Su, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Kui Liu, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1322960975367897450, articleId=1322960964903108943, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1249024232475115590, language=CN, title=多分支感知与跨层语义融合的红外小目标检测, columnId=1249044019838394781, journalTitle=中国图象图形学报, columnName=图像分析和识别, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
目的 红外小目标检测在军事和民用等领域具有重要应用价值。然而,由于目标尺度极小且常处于复杂背景之中,如何有效提取边缘等判别性特征仍然是亟待解决的难题。同时,现有基于U-Net的检测网络在跨层特征融合过程中存在明显的语义差异,导致浅层细节信息与深层语义特征难以充分结合,进一步限制了检测精度的提升。
方法 基于U-Net结构,提出一种多分支感知与跨层语义融合的红外小目标检测网络(multi-branch perception and cross-layer semantic fusion network,MPCF-Net)。在编码器阶段,为增强边缘等判别性特征的提取,引入了多分支感知融合注意力模块(multi-branch perception fusion attention module,MPFM)。该模块通过局部分支、全局分支及串行卷积分支实现多尺度特征提取,并结合局部—全局引导注意力(local-global guided attention,LGGA)与全局通道空间注意力(global channel spatial attention,GCSA),分别强化小目标的响应能力与特征表达能力。随后,为缓解跨层特征间的语义差异并建模上下文依赖关系,采用空间—通道交叉Transformer块(spatial-channel cross transformer block,SCTB)替代传统的跳跃连接,从而提升多层特征融合效果。在解码器阶段,虽然深度可分离卷积能够有效降低参数量和计算复杂度,但缺乏跨通道特征交互,削弱了小目标的细节特征。为此,在输出端引入轻量梯度门控模块(lightweight gradient gating,LGG),利用Sobel梯度引导的空间注意力进一步强化小目标的边缘与细节特征。
结果 在SIRST、IRSTD和NUDT-SIRST这3个公开红外小目标数据集上的实验显示,MPCF-Net在交并比(intersection over union,IoU)和归一化交并比(normalized intersection over union,nIoU)指标上分别达到80.12% 、66.28%和84.26%,以及78.23%、64.58%和86.48%。同时,该方法在检测概率(probability of detection,Pd)上分别达到99.88%、94.23%和98.21%,虚警率(false alarm,Fa)仅为1.12 × 10-6、4.39 × 10-6和14.57 × 10-6,展现了更优的检测性能。
结论 所提方法通过多分支感知和跨层语义融合,有效增强了红外小目标的边缘等判别特征提取能力及上下文建模能力,从而实现了更高精度的红外小目标检测。
, authors=钱孟豪1, 刘奎1
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1 安庆师范大学人工智能与计算机学院,安庆 246000, bio={"content":"
刘奎,通信作者,男,教授,硕士生导师,主要研究方向为目标检测与图像去噪。E-mail: liukui@aqnu.edu.cn
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刘奎,通信作者,男,教授,硕士生导师,主要研究方向为目标检测与图像去噪。E-mail: liukui@aqnu.edu.cn
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10.1109/TGRS.2019.2942384], articleTitle=Infrared small target detection via low-rank tensor completion with top-hat regularization, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1322960987887894968, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1249024232475115590, articleId=1322960964903108943, awardId=null, language=EN, fundingSource=Major Special Science and Technology Project of Anhui Province (201903a06020006);Key Project of the Educational Natural Science Research of Anhui Province (KJ2017A353), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1322960987950809529, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1249024232475115590, articleId=1322960964903108943, awardId=null, language=CN, fundingSource=安徽省科技重大专项项目(201903a06020006);安徽省教育自然科学研究重点项目(KJ2017A353), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1322960975653110125, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1249024232475115590, articleId=1322960964903108943, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1322960975665693038, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1249024232475115590, articleId=1322960964903108943, companyId=1322960975653110125, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=
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1 安庆师范大学人工智能与计算机学院,安庆 246000)]), AuthorCompany(id=1322960975762162032, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1249024232475115590, articleId=1322960964903108943, xref=2, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1322960975770550641, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1249024232475115590, articleId=1322960964903108943, companyId=1322960975762162032, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=
2 School of Mathematics and Computer Science,Tongling University,Tongling 244000,China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1322960975778939250, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1249024232475115590, articleId=1322960964903108943, companyId=1322960975762162032, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=
2 铜陵学院数学与计算机学院,铜陵 244000)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1322960979688030609, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1249024232475115590, articleId=1322960964903108943, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=
The network architecture of MPCF-Net, figureFileSmall=AiAJvNNjaATOl/slxtkZXQ==, figureFileBig=9ScZ8FiWN2rDZEhXRyFOzQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322960979985826194, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1249024232475115590, articleId=1322960964903108943, language=CN, label=图1, caption=
MPCF-Net网络结构, figureFileSmall=AiAJvNNjaATOl/slxtkZXQ==, figureFileBig=9ScZ8FiWN2rDZEhXRyFOzQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322960980434616724, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1249024232475115590, articleId=1322960964903108943, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=
Multi-branch perception fusion attention module, figureFileSmall=9qguIf+FFPQ7Y8+SlOBVAg==, figureFileBig=Q3AQH/EPmZD2vMagIGLauA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322960980522697109, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1249024232475115590, articleId=1322960964903108943, language=CN, label=图2, caption=
多分支感知融合注意力模块, figureFileSmall=9qguIf+FFPQ7Y8+SlOBVAg==, figureFileBig=Q3AQH/EPmZD2vMagIGLauA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322960980774355350, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1249024232475115590, articleId=1322960964903108943, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=
Local-global guided attention, figureFileSmall=d8yiaz2XkzlExK8gdScOBQ==, figureFileBig=Yx4/5g9z7/pVyR4rrSrHAA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322960980841464215, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1249024232475115590, articleId=1322960964903108943, language=CN, label=图3, caption=
局部—全局引导注意力, figureFileSmall=d8yiaz2XkzlExK8gdScOBQ==, figureFileBig=Yx4/5g9z7/pVyR4rrSrHAA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322960981189591448, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1249024232475115590, articleId=1322960964903108943, language=EN, label=Fig.4, caption=
Global channel spatial attention, figureFileSmall=6OMAOqyZkavuuKwB6TwOJw==, figureFileBig=7LHb9YrHmU4w/KYx85JHtA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322960981277671833, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1249024232475115590, articleId=1322960964903108943, language=CN, label=图4, caption=
全局通道空间注意力, figureFileSmall=6OMAOqyZkavuuKwB6TwOJw==, figureFileBig=7LHb9YrHmU4w/KYx85JHtA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322960981357363611, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1249024232475115590, articleId=1322960964903108943, language=EN, label=Fig.5, caption=
Spatial-channel cross transformer block, figureFileSmall=6jk5jH5LdR/HdAynBJa7Cw==, figureFileBig=BHePRDuZJKlWlSNWvhilBQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322960981646770588, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1249024232475115590, articleId=1322960964903108943, language=CN, label=图5, caption=
空间—通道交叉Transformer块((a) spatial embedded single-head channel-cross attention; (b) comple mentary feed-forward network)
, figureFileSmall=6jk5jH5LdR/HdAynBJa7Cw==, figureFileBig=BHePRDuZJKlWlSNWvhilBQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322960981718073757, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1249024232475115590, articleId=1322960964903108943, language=EN, label=Fig.6, caption=
Lightweight gradient gating module, figureFileSmall=V/zdAijLjCheTxHYWDPmgA==, figureFileBig=bC2AcIYqlpAwXRWlTKaUyA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322960981780988318, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1249024232475115590, articleId=1322960964903108943, language=CN, label=图6, caption=
轻量梯度门控模块, figureFileSmall=V/zdAijLjCheTxHYWDPmgA==, figureFileBig=bC2AcIYqlpAwXRWlTKaUyA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322960982045229471, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1249024232475115590, articleId=1322960964903108943, language=EN, label=Fig.7, caption=
Comparison of visualizations using different methods, figureFileSmall=WuWy/l234JCRjYTGTALAew==, figureFileBig=vteuDkFvXZHQXSuXGl+uvA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322960982141698464, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1249024232475115590, articleId=1322960964903108943, language=CN, label=图7, caption=
不同方法可视化图比较, figureFileSmall=WuWy/l234JCRjYTGTALAew==, figureFileBig=vteuDkFvXZHQXSuXGl+uvA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322960982514991521, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1249024232475115590, articleId=1322960964903108943, language=EN, label=Fig.8, caption=
BasNet network architecture, figureFileSmall=GGzsaa38tpuiFPZ+nXn2EA==, figureFileBig=t+ULVB+40meL2j4/XFf+/w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322960982875701666, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1249024232475115590, articleId=1322960964903108943, language=CN, label=图8, caption=
BasNet网络结构, figureFileSmall=GGzsaa38tpuiFPZ+nXn2EA==, figureFileBig=t+ULVB+40meL2j4/XFf+/w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322960983009919395, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1249024232475115590, articleId=1322960964903108943, language=EN, label=Fig.9, caption=
Visualization of different module replacements, figureFileSmall=Mo0CUySzBsMRrIjD6Zu7/Q==, figureFileBig=tXTmZkHvq3zEo2M6LPX+ww==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322960983358046628, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1249024232475115590, articleId=1322960964903108943, language=CN, label=图9, caption=
不同模块替换可视化, figureFileSmall=Mo0CUySzBsMRrIjD6Zu7/Q==, figureFileBig=tXTmZkHvq3zEo2M6LPX+ww==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322960983697785253, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1249024232475115590, articleId=1322960964903108943, language=EN, label=Fig.10, caption=
Visual comparison for different patch sizes, figureFileSmall=oI6zNiA0cPuvHApOOthm3A==, figureFileBig=Uewfqe6rycS9gtVDA/mwQw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322960983848780198, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1249024232475115590, articleId=1322960964903108943, language=CN, label=图10, caption=
不同分块尺寸的可视化对比, figureFileSmall=oI6zNiA0cPuvHApOOthm3A==, figureFileBig=Uewfqe6rycS9gtVDA/mwQw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322960984188518823, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1249024232475115590, articleId=1322960964903108943, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=
Comparison of experimental results of different methods under the same evaluation metrics, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 方法 | SIRST | IRSTD | NUDT-SIRST |
|---|
| 像素级度量 | 目标级度量 | 像素级度量 | 目标级度量 | 像素级度量 | 目标级度量 |
|---|
| IoU/% | nIoU/% | Pd/% | Fa/10-6 | IoU/% | nIoU/% | Pd/% | Fa/10-6 | IoU/% | nIoU/% | Pd/% | Fa/10-6 |
|---|
| RIPT(Dai和Wu,2017) | 25.49 | 33.01 | 85.32 | 24.75 | 8.15 | 16.12 | 68.35 | 26.36 | 9.28 | 11.07 | 43.29 | 166.30 |
| PSTNN(Zhang和Peng,2019) | 39.44 | 47.72 | 83.49 | 41.07 | 16.44 | 25.91 | 65.32 | 76.92 | 14.85 | 23.57 | 66.13 | 44.17 |
| IPI(Gao等,2013) | 40.48 | 50.95 | 91.74 | 148.37 | 14.40 | 31.29 | 86.35 | 450.36 | 17.76 | 15.42 | 74.49 | 41.23 |
| U-Net(Ronneberger等,2015) | 70.24 | 69.77 | 90.52 | 44.83 | 57.23 | 60.21 | 84.34 | 22.23 | 61.37 | 59.56 | 91.34 | 47.21 |
| SwinT(Liu等,2021) | 70.53 | 69.89 | 92.19 | 33.42 | 59.89 | 58.78 | 86.59 | 17.74 | 59.34 | 60.82 | 94.22 | 33.24 |
| ACM(Dai等,2021a) | 72.45 | 72.15 | 93.52 | 12.39 | 63.38 | 60.80 | 91.58 | 15.31 | 63.12 | 64.40 | 93.12 | 55.22 |
| AGPCNet(Zhang等,2021) | 73.69 | 72.60 | 98.17 | 16.99 | 62.26 | 60.58 | 92.83 | 13.12 | 80.23 | 80.77 | 95.20 | 19.33 |
| ALCNet(Dai等,2021b) | 74.30 | 73.10 | 97.35 | 11.33 | 62.00 | 59.60 | 91.82 | 14.53 | 64.74 | 67.20 | 94.18 | 34.61 |
| Res-Vit(Liu等,2023) | 72.82 | 71.22 | 98.15 | 27.15 | 61.89 | 60.64 | 90.91 | 12.64 | 68.65 | 66.28 | 89.96 | 66.33 |
| UIUNet(Wu等,2023a) | 74.54 | 73.18 | 98.17 | 18.32 | 64.75 | 62.32 | 92.61 | 18.18 | 82.61 | 83.89 | 97.89 | 11.47 |
| MTU-Net(Wu等,2023b) | 79.32 | 77.13 | 93.39 | 11.36 | 61.12 | 63.13 | 90.86 | 14.07 | 80.18 | 81.24 | 96.57 | 23.12 |
| HCFNet(Xu等,2024) | 80.09 | 78.31 | 98.26 | 15.17 | 64.69 | 62.84 | 91.71 | 13.28 | 78.69 | 77.61 | 88.12 | 17.28 |
| MMLNet(Li等,2025) | 79.17 | 76.16 | 96.33 | 12.18 | 66.37 | 65.24 | 93.08 | 13.37 | 86.19 | 86.02 | 97.11 | 15.34 |
| 本文 | 80.12 | 78.23 | 99.88 | 1.12 | 66.28 | 64.58 | 94.23 | 4.39 | 84.26 | 86.48 | 98.21 | 14.57 |
), ArticleFig(id=1322960984536646056, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1249024232475115590, articleId=1322960964903108943, language=CN, label=表1, caption=
相同评估指标下不同方法的实验结果对比
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 方法 | SIRST | IRSTD | NUDT-SIRST |
|---|
| 像素级度量 | 目标级度量 | 像素级度量 | 目标级度量 | 像素级度量 | 目标级度量 |
|---|
| IoU/% | nIoU/% | Pd/% | Fa/10-6 | IoU/% | nIoU/% | Pd/% | Fa/10-6 | IoU/% | nIoU/% | Pd/% | Fa/10-6 |
|---|
| RIPT(Dai和Wu,2017) | 25.49 | 33.01 | 85.32 | 24.75 | 8.15 | 16.12 | 68.35 | 26.36 | 9.28 | 11.07 | 43.29 | 166.30 |
| PSTNN(Zhang和Peng,2019) | 39.44 | 47.72 | 83.49 | 41.07 | 16.44 | 25.91 | 65.32 | 76.92 | 14.85 | 23.57 | 66.13 | 44.17 |
| IPI(Gao等,2013) | 40.48 | 50.95 | 91.74 | 148.37 | 14.40 | 31.29 | 86.35 | 450.36 | 17.76 | 15.42 | 74.49 | 41.23 |
| U-Net(Ronneberger等,2015) | 70.24 | 69.77 | 90.52 | 44.83 | 57.23 | 60.21 | 84.34 | 22.23 | 61.37 | 59.56 | 91.34 | 47.21 |
| SwinT(Liu等,2021) | 70.53 | 69.89 | 92.19 | 33.42 | 59.89 | 58.78 | 86.59 | 17.74 | 59.34 | 60.82 | 94.22 | 33.24 |
| ACM(Dai等,2021a) | 72.45 | 72.15 | 93.52 | 12.39 | 63.38 | 60.80 | 91.58 | 15.31 | 63.12 | 64.40 | 93.12 | 55.22 |
| AGPCNet(Zhang等,2021) | 73.69 | 72.60 | 98.17 | 16.99 | 62.26 | 60.58 | 92.83 | 13.12 | 80.23 | 80.77 | 95.20 | 19.33 |
| ALCNet(Dai等,2021b) | 74.30 | 73.10 | 97.35 | 11.33 | 62.00 | 59.60 | 91.82 | 14.53 | 64.74 | 67.20 | 94.18 | 34.61 |
| Res-Vit(Liu等,2023) | 72.82 | 71.22 | 98.15 | 27.15 | 61.89 | 60.64 | 90.91 | 12.64 | 68.65 | 66.28 | 89.96 | 66.33 |
| UIUNet(Wu等,2023a) | 74.54 | 73.18 | 98.17 | 18.32 | 64.75 | 62.32 | 92.61 | 18.18 | 82.61 | 83.89 | 97.89 | 11.47 |
| MTU-Net(Wu等,2023b) | 79.32 | 77.13 | 93.39 | 11.36 | 61.12 | 63.13 | 90.86 | 14.07 | 80.18 | 81.24 | 96.57 | 23.12 |
| HCFNet(Xu等,2024) | 80.09 | 78.31 | 98.26 | 15.17 | 64.69 | 62.84 | 91.71 | 13.28 | 78.69 | 77.61 | 88.12 | 17.28 |
| MMLNet(Li等,2025) | 79.17 | 76.16 | 96.33 | 12.18 | 66.37 | 65.24 | 93.08 | 13.37 | 86.19 | 86.02 | 97.11 | 15.34 |
| 本文 | 80.12 | 78.23 | 99.88 | 1.12 | 66.28 | 64.58 | 94.23 | 4.39 | 84.26 | 86.48 | 98.21 | 14.57 |
), ArticleFig(id=1322960984633115050, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1249024232475115590, articleId=1322960964903108943, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=
Comparison of computational complexity and model parameters, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 方法 | 参数量/M | 计算复杂度/GMac | 处理速度 /(帧/s) |
|---|
| AGPCNet | 12.43 | 172.84 | 23.89 |
| SwinT | 26.14 | 27.71 | 14.76 |
| UIUNet | 50.54 | 33.64 | 11.21 |
| HCFNet | 15.29 | 93.16 | 54.26 |
| 本文 | 21.19 | 67.37 | 47.89 |
), ArticleFig(id=1322960984708612523, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1249024232475115590, articleId=1322960964903108943, language=CN, label=表2, caption=
不同方法的计算开销与参数量对比
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 方法 | 参数量/M | 计算复杂度/GMac | 处理速度 /(帧/s) |
|---|
| AGPCNet | 12.43 | 172.84 | 23.89 |
| SwinT | 26.14 | 27.71 | 14.76 |
| UIUNet | 50.54 | 33.64 | 11.21 |
| HCFNet | 15.29 | 93.16 | 54.26 |
| 本文 | 21.19 | 67.37 | 47.89 |
), ArticleFig(id=1322960985006408108, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1249024232475115590, articleId=1322960964903108943, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=
Effect of different modules on detection performance, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| BasNet | MPFM | SCTB | LGG | IoU | nIoU |
|---|
| √ | - | - | - | 72.34 | 72.87 |
| √ | √ | - | - | 76.33 | 74.72 |
| √ | √ | - | √ | 77.69 | 75.97 |
| √ | - | √ | - | 75.12 | 74.84 |
| √ | - | √ | √ | 75.96 | 75.13 |
| √ | √ | √ | - | 78.92 | 77.87 |
| √ | √ | √ | √ | 80.12 | 78.23 |
), ArticleFig(id=1322960985409061293, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1249024232475115590, articleId=1322960964903108943, language=CN, label=表3, caption=
不同模块对检测性能的影响
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| BasNet | MPFM | SCTB | LGG | IoU | nIoU |
|---|
| √ | - | - | - | 72.34 | 72.87 |
| √ | √ | - | - | 76.33 | 74.72 |
| √ | √ | - | √ | 77.69 | 75.97 |
| √ | - | √ | - | 75.12 | 74.84 |
| √ | - | √ | √ | 75.96 | 75.13 |
| √ | √ | √ | - | 78.92 | 77.87 |
| √ | √ | √ | √ | 80.12 | 78.23 |
), ArticleFig(id=1322960985794937262, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1249024232475115590, articleId=1322960964903108943, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=
Effect of different attention branches in MPFM on detection performance, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| MPFM | LGGA | GCSA | IoU | nIoU |
|---|
| ① | - | - | 76.94 | 75.97 |
| ① | ② | - | 78.73 | 77.72 |
| ① | - | ② | 77.29 | 76.91 |
| ① | ③ | ② | 79.76 | 77.87 |
| ① | ② | ③ | 80.12 | 78.23 |
), ArticleFig(id=1322960985866240431, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1249024232475115590, articleId=1322960964903108943, language=CN, label=表4, caption=
MPFM中不同注意力分支对检测性能的影响
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| MPFM | LGGA | GCSA | IoU | nIoU |
|---|
| ① | - | - | 76.94 | 75.97 |
| ① | ② | - | 78.73 | 77.72 |
| ① | - | ② | 77.29 | 76.91 |
| ① | ③ | ② | 79.76 | 77.87 |
| ① | ② | ③ | 80.12 | 78.23 |
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Impact of different p-value settings on detection performance, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
网络各层对应的p值选取 (层数从上往下递增) | IoU | nIoU |
|---|
| 全部层p = 2、4 | 77.97 | 75.14 |
| 全部层p = 4、8 | 74.62 | 74.94 |
| 第1层p = 2、4,其余层p = 4、8 | 77.70 | 74.83 |
| 第1、2层p = 2、4,其余层p = 4、8(本文取值) | 80.12 | 78.23 |
| 第1、2、3层p = 2、4,其余层p = 4、8 | 78.59 | 76.97 |
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不同p值设置对检测性能的影响
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网络各层对应的p值选取 (层数从上往下递增) | IoU | nIoU |
|---|
| 全部层p = 2、4 | 77.97 | 75.14 |
| 全部层p = 4、8 | 74.62 | 74.94 |
| 第1层p = 2、4,其余层p = 4、8 | 77.70 | 74.83 |
| 第1、2层p = 2、4,其余层p = 4、8(本文取值) | 80.12 | 78.23 |
| 第1、2、3层p = 2、4,其余层p = 4、8 | 78.59 | 76.97 |
), ArticleFig(id=1322960986298253746, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1249024232475115590, articleId=1322960964903108943, language=EN, label=Table 6, caption=
Impact of different connection methods on detection performance, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 连接方式 | IoU | nIoU |
|---|
| U-Net跳跃连接 | 77.69 | 75.97 |
| MVTM | 78.49 | 74.91 |
| SCTB(本文) | 80.12 | 78.23 |
), ArticleFig(id=1322960986654769587, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1249024232475115590, articleId=1322960964903108943, language=CN, label=表6, caption=
不同连接方式对检测性能的影响
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| 连接方式 | IoU | nIoU |
|---|
| U-Net跳跃连接 | 77.69 | 75.97 |
| MVTM | 78.49 | 74.91 |
| SCTB(本文) | 80.12 | 78.23 |
), ArticleFig(id=1322960987061617076, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1249024232475115590, articleId=1322960964903108943, language=EN, label=Table 7, caption=
Effect of stacking attention mechanisms in different modules on detection performance /%, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 注意力设计 | IoU | nIoU |
|---|
| MPFM中去除GCSA模块,其他不变 | 78.73 | 77.72 |
| SCTB中去除通道—空间注意力,其他不变 | 78.21 | 77.03 |
| MPFM与SCTB中均去除通道—空间注意力 | 77.29 | 76.91 |
| 保持所有注意力机制不变(本文模型设计) | 80.12 | 78.23 |
), ArticleFig(id=1322960987145503157, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1249024232475115590, articleId=1322960964903108943, language=CN, label=表7, caption=
不同模块叠加注意力对检测性能的影响
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 注意力设计 | IoU | nIoU |
|---|
| MPFM中去除GCSA模块,其他不变 | 78.73 | 77.72 |
| SCTB中去除通道—空间注意力,其他不变 | 78.21 | 77.03 |
| MPFM与SCTB中均去除通道—空间注意力 | 77.29 | 76.91 |
| 保持所有注意力机制不变(本文模型设计) | 80.12 | 78.23 |
), ArticleFig(id=1322960987468464566, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1249024232475115590, articleId=1322960964903108943, language=EN, label=Table 8, caption=
The impact of different decoder designs on detection performance, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 解码器设计 | IoU/% | nIoU/% | 参数量/M | 计算复杂度/GMac |
|---|
| 两次普通卷积 | 78.69 | 76.97 | 23.25 | 92.35 |
| 两次深度可分离卷积 | 78.92 | 77.87 | 21.19 | 67.09 |
| 两次深度可分离卷积 + 末端LGG(本文) | 80.12 | 78.23 | 21.19 | 67.37 |
), ArticleFig(id=1322960987543962039, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1249024232475115590, articleId=1322960964903108943, language=CN, label=表8, caption=
不同解码器设计对检测性能的影响
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 解码器设计 | IoU/% | nIoU/% | 参数量/M | 计算复杂度/GMac |
|---|
| 两次普通卷积 | 78.69 | 76.97 | 23.25 | 92.35 |
| 两次深度可分离卷积 | 78.92 | 77.87 | 21.19 | 67.09 |
| 两次深度可分离卷积 + 末端LGG(本文) | 80.12 | 78.23 | 21.19 | 67.37 |
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