Article(id=1322949928510685359, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1249024232475115590, issueId=1322949743743213946, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.11834/jig.250435, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1758038400000, receivedDateStr=2025-09-17, revisedDate=1763308800000, revisedDateStr=2025-11-17, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1793345442178, onlineDateStr=2026-10-30, pubDate=1784131200000, pubDateStr=2026-07-16, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1793345442178, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-30, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1793345442178, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1793345442178, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1322949743743213946, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1249024232475115590, year='2026', volume='31', issue='7', pageStart='2279', pageEnd='2686', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1784131200000', pubDateStr='2026-07-16', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1793345398125, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1793348592997, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1322963144217330568, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1249024232475115590, issueId=1322949743743213946, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1322963144217330569, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1249024232475115590, issueId=1322949743743213946, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=2471, endPage=2504, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1322949929261465776, articleId=1322949928510685359, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1249024232475115590, language=EN, title=Progress of research on noncooperative space object recognition and pose estimation on the basis of vision and deep learning, columnId=1249044010699002654, journalTitle=Journal of Image and Graphics, columnName=Review, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
With the recent increase in space missions and the proliferation of space debris,the perception of noncooperative objects has become a critical issue for on-orbit servicing and space situational awareness. Noncooperative objects are objects in space that lack any cooperative markers,communication channels,or navigation aids,such as defunct satellites,orbital debris,small debris,or unknown spacecraft. Identifying such objects and estimating their six-degree-of-freedom pose is crucial for various space activities,including debris removal,rendezvous and docking,satellite servicing,and space security. Reliable identification provides prior semantic and structural information for subsequent pose estimation,and accurate pose estimation supports autonomous navigation,capture,and manipulation. Therefore,progress in this field is not only of scientific value but also of practical importance for ensuring the safety and sustainability of space operations. This study comprehensively reviews the progress of the latest research on noncooperative space object recognition and pose estimation on the basis of vision and deep learning. Unlike traditional computer vision methods that rely heavily on handcrafted features and geometric modeling,deep learning methods demonstrate high robustness,adaptability,and generalization advantages in complex space environments,such as those with weak textures,drastic illumination variations,rapid pose changes,and partial occlusion. We categorize existing research into two major areas,namely,object recognition and pose estimation,and systematically analyze representative methods along with their strengths,limitations,and applicability. For object recognition,three main research directions are identified. The first is multimodal visual fusion,which integrates data from multiple sensors,such as RGB cameras,infrared imaging,depth maps,or radar. By leveraging complementary features across modalities,these methods can overcome the limitations of single-sensor systems,particularly in low visibility or with incomplete imagery. However,multimodal fusion often incurs additional computational overhead and sensor dependency. The second research direction is object detection and segmentation methods. Powered by deep models,such as you only look once (YOLO),single-shot multibox detector,faster region-based convolutional neural network,and mask region-based convolutional neural network,these methods have substantially improved spatial object localization and fine-grained analysis capabilities. However,these methods typically require large-scale annotated datasets and often struggle to identify very small or distant objects. The third direction is transfer learning and few-shot learning methods,which mitigate data scarcity by adopting pretrained models or meta-learning frameworks. These methods have produced promising results in identifying satellites or debris with limited sample sizes,although domain transfer between synthetic and real images remains a challenge. For pose estimation,this study reviews four major categories of methods. First,direct regression methods regard pose estimation as an end-to-end mapping problem and are highly effective when dealing with symmetric or highly variable objects. Second,keypoint detection methods combine landmark localization with geometric constraints to achieve robust performance. Third,unsupervised and domain adaptation methods reduce the reliance on expensive labeled data and address the gap between synthetic and real domains through reconstruction losses,contrastive learning,or adversarial adaptation. Finally,multimodal fusion methods combine visual data with LiDAR,radar,or infrared sensing to improve robustness in extreme environments,but the complexity of the integration limits their widespread application. In addition to methodological analysis,this study summarizes public datasets,such as SPEED,SPEED+,URSO,and BUAA-SID,and self-constructed datasets. Evaluation metrics,such as position error,pose error,mean average precision,intersection over union,and inference speed,are summarized to provide strong data support for researchers. For spatial object recognition,the traditional principal component analysis feature extraction method combined with random forest classification achieves an accuracy of approximately 89.13%. The deep convolutional neural network (DCNN) approach substantially improves recognition performance,with its accuracy increments ranging from 4.31% to 15.03%. By further employing data augmentation strategies,DCNN’s recognition accuracy is as high as 99.90%,demonstrating exceptional generalization and robustness. In the pose estimation task,with the SPEED dataset as a benchmark,the traditional perspective-n-point algorithm achieves a pose angle error of 8.74°,with its performance degrading by over 40% in low-resolution imagery. By contrast,the deep learning-based DSOAE-Net model reduces the pose angle error to 7.53° and maintains stable accuracy in low-resolution scenarios,demonstrating high environmental adaptability and robustness. Comparative analysis shows that deep learning-based methods outperform traditional methods in terms of robustness to illumination variations,occlusions,and structural ambiguity. Multimodal fusion and domain adaptation strategies are particularly effective in improving cross-domain generalization capabilities. In sum,this study summarizes the main challenges that face object recognition and pose estimation methods and proposes future development directions to provide a reference for technical research and engineering applications in this field. The methods,datasets,and evaluation metrics mentioned are linked at https://github.com/viskyll/openResource/tree/main.
, authors=Jianxiang Jiang, Yiquan Wu
*, authorsList=Jianxiang Jiang, Yiquan Wu, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Yiquan Wu, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1322949958760005831, articleId=1322949928510685359, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1249024232475115590, language=CN, title=基于视觉与深度学习的非合作空间目标识别与位姿估计方法研究进展, columnId=1249044010992603937, journalTitle=中国图象图形学报, columnName=综述, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
为提升非合作空间目标在轨服务与态势感知中的感知能力,本文系统综述了基于视觉与深度学习的非合作空间目标识别与位姿估计方法研究进展。首先阐明非合作空间目标识别与位姿估计的任务特点,简要回顾了各自的发展历程。其次围绕非合作空间目标识别与位姿估计等关键任务,梳理了当前主流方法。在目标识别方面,重点分析了基于多模态视觉融合、目标检测与分割、迁移学习与少样本学习的识别模型及其在复杂空间环境中的适应性与鲁棒性;在位姿估计方面,主要包括直接回归、关键点检测、无监督与域自适应以及多模态视觉融合等技术。随后梳理了空间目标公开数据集及自建数据集,评估了目标识别与位姿估计方法的性能,并分别对其优缺点进行比较。结果表明,深度学习方法相较于传统方法在弱纹理、遮挡和姿态变化等复杂空间环境下具有更强的鲁棒性,多模态融合与无监督策略进一步提升了跨域泛化能力。最后总结了目标识别与位姿估计方法面临的主要挑战,并展望了未来的发展方向,旨在为该领域的技术研究与工程应用提供参考。本文提及的算法、数据集和评价指标已汇总至https://github.com/viskyll/openResource/tree/main。
, authors=姜建湘, 吴一全
*, authorsList=姜建湘, 吴一全, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=吴一全, authorNote=
吴一全,通信作者,男,教授,博士生导师,主要研究方向为遥感图像处理与理解、目标检测与识别、视觉检测与图像测量、视频处理与智能分析。E-mail: nuaaimage@163.com
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姜建湘,女,硕士研究生,主要研究方向为图像处理与目标检测。E-mail: jianxiang@nuaa.edu.cn
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吴一全,通信作者,男,教授,博士生导师,主要研究方向为遥感图像处理与理解、目标检测与识别、视觉检测与图像测量、视频处理与智能分析。E-mail: nuaaimage@163.com
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Schematic diagram of the target components (Hao et al.,2022), figureFileSmall=ROOcw5BwCdXori8KIOHYdA==, figureFileBig=H/graw2Qsi5mAJirMgrQIw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322949964913049831, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1249024232475115590, articleId=1322949928510685359, language=CN, label=图1, caption=
目标部件示意图(郝强 等,2022), figureFileSmall=ROOcw5BwCdXori8KIOHYdA==, figureFileBig=H/graw2Qsi5mAJirMgrQIw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322949965869351145, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1249024232475115590, articleId=1322949928510685359, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=
Visualization of 3D position estimation, figureFileSmall=s5fnfvCOAVKzYR0yCbmLxA==, figureFileBig=eQGyozUiGMV8U8dSZ13Omw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322949967408660714, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1249024232475115590, articleId=1322949928510685359, language=CN, label=图2, caption=
三维位置估计可视化, figureFileSmall=s5fnfvCOAVKzYR0yCbmLxA==, figureFileBig=eQGyozUiGMV8U8dSZ13Omw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322949967479963883, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1249024232475115590, articleId=1322949928510685359, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=
Visualization of 3D pose estimation ((a) pose estimation visualization; (b) pose Euler angle estimation visualization), figureFileSmall=WxUDI9cXNByK9YzmHQgLKw==, figureFileBig=sBBQksSQtEL/e1xinHeZgA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322949967849062636, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1249024232475115590, articleId=1322949928510685359, language=CN, label=图3, caption=
三维姿态估计可视化, figureFileSmall=WxUDI9cXNByK9YzmHQgLKw==, figureFileBig=sBBQksSQtEL/e1xinHeZgA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322949968201384173, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1249024232475115590, articleId=1322949928510685359, language=EN, label=Fig.4, caption=
Schematic diagram of target recognition and pose, figureFileSmall=y4iwEj4MZCPMBzrDumWZaQ==, figureFileBig=qOdLiAOpXJb5SAJQtyix/Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322949968281075950, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1249024232475115590, articleId=1322949928510685359, language=CN, label=图4, caption=
目标识别与位姿估计算法流程示意图estimation algorithm process ((a) target recognition algorithm flowchart; (b) pose estimation algorithm flowchart)
, figureFileSmall=y4iwEj4MZCPMBzrDumWZaQ==, figureFileBig=qOdLiAOpXJb5SAJQtyix/Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322949968637591791, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1249024232475115590, articleId=1322949928510685359, language=EN, label=Fig.5, caption=
Examples of URSO datasets (Proença and Gao,2020), figureFileSmall=I2hNoowLNZxDvhWxCvDtqA==, figureFileBig=fPMr/tE1eSxIPCBus2JMvA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322949968725672176, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1249024232475115590, articleId=1322949928510685359, language=CN, label=图5, caption=
URSO数据集示例(Proença和Gao,2020 ), figureFileSmall=I2hNoowLNZxDvhWxCvDtqA==, figureFileBig=fPMr/tE1eSxIPCBus2JMvA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322949968792781041, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1249024232475115590, articleId=1322949928510685359, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=
Differences and connections between non-cooperative spatial target recognition and pose estimation, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 对比维度 | 目标识别 | 位姿估计 |
|---|
| 研究目标 | 判定目标的类型、类别与结构组成 | 获取目标的3D位置和姿态 |
| 输出形式 | 目标类别、语义部件等 | 位置向量 + 姿态四元数(袁萌萌和张泽旭,2023) |
| 输入数据 | 图像、视频、RCS序列和三维重建结果等 | 图像、点云、视频流、雷达成像等 |
| 典型方法 | CNN分类器(Chu等,2023)、YOLO检测(Davis和Pernicka,2019)、语义分割(Du等,2023) | PnP算法(Barbier和Gao,2023)、ICP配准(Chang等,2021)、深度回归网络 |
| 依赖条件 | 更依赖外观信息与语义特征提取能力 | 通常需要特征可见性与几何完整性 |
), ArticleFig(id=1322949969044439282, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1249024232475115590, articleId=1322949928510685359, language=CN, label=表1, caption=
非合作空间目标识别与位姿估计的区别与联系
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 对比维度 | 目标识别 | 位姿估计 |
|---|
| 研究目标 | 判定目标的类型、类别与结构组成 | 获取目标的3D位置和姿态 |
| 输出形式 | 目标类别、语义部件等 | 位置向量 + 姿态四元数(袁萌萌和张泽旭,2023) |
| 输入数据 | 图像、视频、RCS序列和三维重建结果等 | 图像、点云、视频流、雷达成像等 |
| 典型方法 | CNN分类器(Chu等,2023)、YOLO检测(Davis和Pernicka,2019)、语义分割(Du等,2023) | PnP算法(Barbier和Gao,2023)、ICP配准(Chang等,2021)、深度回归网络 |
| 依赖条件 | 更依赖外观信息与语义特征提取能力 | 通常需要特征可见性与几何完整性 |
), ArticleFig(id=1322949969107353843, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1249024232475115590, articleId=1322949928510685359, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=
Multimodal vision fusion methods, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 文献 | 网络模型 | 改进点 | 数据集 | 实验结果 | 局限 |
|---|
Zhang等人 (2024a) | LCNN-DMT | 距离合并阈值替代传统IoU阈值 | 自建空间目标数据集/ SPARK数据集 | 场景数据集mAP50达97.5%, 对比YOLOv8n提升速度17.6%, 分类准确率为98.83% | 成像差异过大,会影响识别精度 |
Wang等人 (2022) | CNN-Transformer | 设计跨模态可变形注意力模块 | SPEED | 参数量为48.7 M, RMSE = 1.53°, Accuracy = 94.7%, mAP50 = 82.1% | 实时性较低,仅12.3帧/s |
| Chen等人(2021) | ResNet+改进的PointNet++ | 通过亮度阈值动态选择网络分支,克服单一模态在光照变化下的性能退化问题 | 合成数据集 | mIoU为93.2% | 未测试真实数据 |
), ArticleFig(id=1322949969174462708, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1249024232475115590, articleId=1322949928510685359, language=CN, label=表2, caption=
多模态视觉融合方法
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 文献 | 网络模型 | 改进点 | 数据集 | 实验结果 | 局限 |
|---|
Zhang等人 (2024a) | LCNN-DMT | 距离合并阈值替代传统IoU阈值 | 自建空间目标数据集/ SPARK数据集 | 场景数据集mAP50达97.5%, 对比YOLOv8n提升速度17.6%, 分类准确率为98.83% | 成像差异过大,会影响识别精度 |
Wang等人 (2022) | CNN-Transformer | 设计跨模态可变形注意力模块 | SPEED | 参数量为48.7 M, RMSE = 1.53°, Accuracy = 94.7%, mAP50 = 82.1% | 实时性较低,仅12.3帧/s |
| Chen等人(2021) | ResNet+改进的PointNet++ | 通过亮度阈值动态选择网络分支,克服单一模态在光照变化下的性能退化问题 | 合成数据集 | mIoU为93.2% | 未测试真实数据 |
), ArticleFig(id=1322949969241571573, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1249024232475115590, articleId=1322949928510685359, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=
Object detection and segmentation recognition methods, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 文献 | 网络模型 | 改进点 | 数据集 | 实验结果 | 局限 |
|---|
| Li等人(2022c) | SCNN-lite | DSC模块显著降低参数量 | 自建航天器仿真数据集 | 参数量为28 M ,mAP = 93.28% | 当高斯噪声方差超过2时,检测精度显著下降 |
郝强等人 (2022) | 改进的YOLOv3 | 引入Bottleneck模块,通过深度可分离卷积降低计算复杂度 | CGRO/GPS quadsat | 参数量为105 M ,mAP = 91.1% | 未分析模型对动态空间碎片的泛化能力 |
Liu等人 (2022b) | YOLOv5-GMB | 引入MHSA提高特征捕获,以及BiFPN进行多尺度特征融合 | 自建数据集 | mAP = 81% | 在极端复杂环境性能受限 |
| Ai等人(2022) | 改进的YOLOX_L | TOOD头替代YOLOX的解耦头,通过任务对齐学习TAL提升分类与定位协同性 | 自建航天数据集 | 参数量为270.9 M,mAP = 96.28% | 对复杂场景中极小目标检测效果有限 |
Cosmas和 Kenichi(2020) | CNN + YOLOv3 | 首次在航天器位姿估计中实现CNN的FPGA在轨推理,功耗仅约1.32 W | SPEED | RMSE = 1.98 | 未测试真实数据 |
徐云飞等人 (2020) | NCDN | 轻量化,通道压缩策略节省 75% 计算量,精度损失仅5% | SPEED | 40 m内, mAP = 90% | 40 m以上时检测精度明显下降 |
| Li等人(2023) | 基于YOLOv5的YSCRM模型 | 在YOLOv5 Neck末端引入自注意力机制,增强特征表示潜力 | 自建数据集 | mAP50 = 91.3% | 未说明在极端光照条件下的鲁棒性 |
Yang等人 (2020b) | MBRT + Mask R-CNN | 使用MBRT定位,改进传统最小包围矩形MBR,通过交并比IoU阈值合并邻接框,提升小目标检测性能 | 合成数据集/ BUAA-SID 1.0 | Top-1分类准确率 = 99.94%; | 计算效率低,混合网络参数多,训练速度为纯全局特征方法的50% |
Zhao等人 (2022) | 改进的PointNet++ | 多源数据训练使mIoU提升0.3%~0.5%;配准后特殊部件分割精度达89.2% | 自建多源3D航天器部件分割数据集 | 参数量为20.8 M ,3DSatNet达84.7%, | 数据集规模受限 |
Wang等人 (2025) | LFE + IC-AFF + PWV | ILBlock与IFBlock的组合减少计算冗余,提升特征提取效率。 | SwissCube | 参数量为1.99 M ,Max-F = 0.956 4, MAE = 0.032, E-measure = 0.946 | 实验场景单一 |
Cao等人 (2024) | Cascade R-CNN + HRNet + FCN | 针对小目标问题,通过HRNet backbone保持高分辨率特征图 | Spacecraft-DS | AP = 82.42%, mIoU = 0.877 | 极端光照下小目标识别精度仍不足 |
Pensado等人 (2023) | 多层Transformer | 提出CMCM、SAM和BRM模块实现多层级特征融合 | NJUD(1 985)、NLPR(1 000)、SIP(929) | 参数量为18.5 M, = 0.923 | 对深度图质量敏感 |
Xiang等人 (2020) | FGBNN | 通过稀疏连接和参数共享降低计算量 | 合成数据集 | Acc = 84%, Recall = 80%, F1-score = 82% | 未针对不同尺寸碎片设计多尺度检测策略 |
Chen等人 (2020) | RSD | 融合ResNet-FPN与DenseNet,增强多尺度特征融合 | 合成数据集 | 整体F1-score为93% | 未在真实场景图像中验证 |
AlDahoul等人 (2022a) | EfficientDet + EfficientNet-B4 | 通过结合检测模型和分类模型提升对模糊/噪声图像分类准确率 | SPARK | Acc = 94%, F1-score = 86%, F2-score = 98.77% | 特定类别分类效果差 |
), ArticleFig(id=1322949969308680438, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1249024232475115590, articleId=1322949928510685359, language=CN, label=表3, caption=
目标检测与分割识别方法
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 文献 | 网络模型 | 改进点 | 数据集 | 实验结果 | 局限 |
|---|
| Li等人(2022c) | SCNN-lite | DSC模块显著降低参数量 | 自建航天器仿真数据集 | 参数量为28 M ,mAP = 93.28% | 当高斯噪声方差超过2时,检测精度显著下降 |
郝强等人 (2022) | 改进的YOLOv3 | 引入Bottleneck模块,通过深度可分离卷积降低计算复杂度 | CGRO/GPS quadsat | 参数量为105 M ,mAP = 91.1% | 未分析模型对动态空间碎片的泛化能力 |
Liu等人 (2022b) | YOLOv5-GMB | 引入MHSA提高特征捕获,以及BiFPN进行多尺度特征融合 | 自建数据集 | mAP = 81% | 在极端复杂环境性能受限 |
| Ai等人(2022) | 改进的YOLOX_L | TOOD头替代YOLOX的解耦头,通过任务对齐学习TAL提升分类与定位协同性 | 自建航天数据集 | 参数量为270.9 M,mAP = 96.28% | 对复杂场景中极小目标检测效果有限 |
Cosmas和 Kenichi(2020) | CNN + YOLOv3 | 首次在航天器位姿估计中实现CNN的FPGA在轨推理,功耗仅约1.32 W | SPEED | RMSE = 1.98 | 未测试真实数据 |
徐云飞等人 (2020) | NCDN | 轻量化,通道压缩策略节省 75% 计算量,精度损失仅5% | SPEED | 40 m内, mAP = 90% | 40 m以上时检测精度明显下降 |
| Li等人(2023) | 基于YOLOv5的YSCRM模型 | 在YOLOv5 Neck末端引入自注意力机制,增强特征表示潜力 | 自建数据集 | mAP50 = 91.3% | 未说明在极端光照条件下的鲁棒性 |
Yang等人 (2020b) | MBRT + Mask R-CNN | 使用MBRT定位,改进传统最小包围矩形MBR,通过交并比IoU阈值合并邻接框,提升小目标检测性能 | 合成数据集/ BUAA-SID 1.0 | Top-1分类准确率 = 99.94%; | 计算效率低,混合网络参数多,训练速度为纯全局特征方法的50% |
Zhao等人 (2022) | 改进的PointNet++ | 多源数据训练使mIoU提升0.3%~0.5%;配准后特殊部件分割精度达89.2% | 自建多源3D航天器部件分割数据集 | 参数量为20.8 M ,3DSatNet达84.7%, | 数据集规模受限 |
Wang等人 (2025) | LFE + IC-AFF + PWV | ILBlock与IFBlock的组合减少计算冗余,提升特征提取效率。 | SwissCube | 参数量为1.99 M ,Max-F = 0.956 4, MAE = 0.032, E-measure = 0.946 | 实验场景单一 |
Cao等人 (2024) | Cascade R-CNN + HRNet + FCN | 针对小目标问题,通过HRNet backbone保持高分辨率特征图 | Spacecraft-DS | AP = 82.42%, mIoU = 0.877 | 极端光照下小目标识别精度仍不足 |
Pensado等人 (2023) | 多层Transformer | 提出CMCM、SAM和BRM模块实现多层级特征融合 | NJUD(1 985)、NLPR(1 000)、SIP(929) | 参数量为18.5 M, = 0.923 | 对深度图质量敏感 |
Xiang等人 (2020) | FGBNN | 通过稀疏连接和参数共享降低计算量 | 合成数据集 | Acc = 84%, Recall = 80%, F1-score = 82% | 未针对不同尺寸碎片设计多尺度检测策略 |
Chen等人 (2020) | RSD | 融合ResNet-FPN与DenseNet,增强多尺度特征融合 | 合成数据集 | 整体F1-score为93% | 未在真实场景图像中验证 |
AlDahoul等人 (2022a) | EfficientDet + EfficientNet-B4 | 通过结合检测模型和分类模型提升对模糊/噪声图像分类准确率 | SPARK | Acc = 94%, F1-score = 86%, F2-score = 98.77% | 特定类别分类效果差 |
), ArticleFig(id=1322949969472258295, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1249024232475115590, articleId=1322949928510685359, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=
Identification methods of transfer learning and few-shot learning, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 文献 | 网络模型 | 改进点 | 数据集 | 实验结果 | 局限 |
|---|
Zhang等人 (2024b) | ResNet-50 + LMMD | 结合预训练(模拟数据)与局部域适应(LMMD提升细粒度对齐),解决数据分布差异 | 自建数据集 | 形状分类准确率为95.26%,姿态角识别79.02% | 实验数据量较少 |
Yang等人 (2020a) | D2N4 | 首次在少样本度量学习中引入中心损失,显著提升特征判别性 | BUAA-SID- Share 1.0 | Top-1准确率:1-shot 93.08%,5-shot 97.85% | 未测试动态环境 |
Zeng和Xia (2017) | DCNN | 将数据增强同时应用到训练和测试数据,以及选择最优的组合变换 | 合成数据集 | 分类准确率 = 99.90% | 未验证真实空间图像的泛化能力 |
Deng等人 (2025) | MWCNN + SpyNet + FG-DCN | MWCNN结合DWT提升细节保留能力,SpyNet光流金字塔优化多尺度运动补偿 | LTSPEED+ | SSIM:0.912,PSNR:32.6 dB,LPIPS:0.152 | 依赖固定变换生成的合成数据 |
), ArticleFig(id=1322949969551950072, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1249024232475115590, articleId=1322949928510685359, language=CN, label=表4, caption=
迁移学习与少样本学习识别方法
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 文献 | 网络模型 | 改进点 | 数据集 | 实验结果 | 局限 |
|---|
Zhang等人 (2024b) | ResNet-50 + LMMD | 结合预训练(模拟数据)与局部域适应(LMMD提升细粒度对齐),解决数据分布差异 | 自建数据集 | 形状分类准确率为95.26%,姿态角识别79.02% | 实验数据量较少 |
Yang等人 (2020a) | D2N4 | 首次在少样本度量学习中引入中心损失,显著提升特征判别性 | BUAA-SID- Share 1.0 | Top-1准确率:1-shot 93.08%,5-shot 97.85% | 未测试动态环境 |
Zeng和Xia (2017) | DCNN | 将数据增强同时应用到训练和测试数据,以及选择最优的组合变换 | 合成数据集 | 分类准确率 = 99.90% | 未验证真实空间图像的泛化能力 |
Deng等人 (2025) | MWCNN + SpyNet + FG-DCN | MWCNN结合DWT提升细节保留能力,SpyNet光流金字塔优化多尺度运动补偿 | LTSPEED+ | SSIM:0.912,PSNR:32.6 dB,LPIPS:0.152 | 依赖固定变换生成的合成数据 |
), ArticleFig(id=1322949969635836153, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1249024232475115590, articleId=1322949928510685359, language=EN, label=Table 5, caption=
Comparison of target recognition algorithm performance, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 类别 | 方法 | 设备 | 参数量 | 推理 速度/ (帧/s) | 准确率/% | mAP/% | 数据集 |
|---|
| 多模态视觉融合 | LCNN-DMT(Zhang 等,2024a) | Intel Core i7-13700KF CPU,NVIDIA RTX 4090 GPU | 0.928 M | 163.9 | 98.83 | 97.5 | SPARK |
CNN-Transformer (Wang等,2022) | NVIDIA RTX2080Ti GPU, Intel i7-7700 k CPU | 48.7 M | 6.67 | 94.7 | 82.1 | SPEED |
| 目标检测与分割 | NCDN(徐云飞 等, 2020) | Interl(R) Xeon(R) Silver 4 114 CPU@220 GHz, NVIDIA Quadro P4000 GPU | 2.2 M | - | - | 90 | SPEED |
YOLOv5-GMB (Liu等,2022b) | CPU AMD R7 5800 H, GPU NVIDIA RTX 3070 | 1 M | 53 | 95 | 81 | SPEED |
HCNN-PSI(Yang 等,2020b) | NVIDIA GTX1080Ti GPU,Intel Xeon E5-2609 CPU | 25.5 M | - | 99.7 | - | BUAA-SID-1.0 |
SCNN-lite(Li等, 2022c) | Intel Core i7 9700 Processor 3.0 GHz,NVIDIA 2070s GPU | 0.028 M | 5.99 | - | 93.28 | 自建数据集 |
改进的YOLOv3 (郝强 等,2022) | Ubuntu16.04.6, NVIDIA GeForce RTX 2080Ti GPU | - | 65 | - | 91.1 | 自建数据集 |
改进的YOLOX_L (Ai等,2022) | i9@9900K CPU, 64 GB RAM, NVIDIA RTX 2080Ti GPU | - | 50 | 96.28 | 88.86 | 自建数据集 |
| 迁移学习与少样本学习 | D2N4(Yang等, 2020a) | Intel Core i7-6700 CPU,NVIDIA GeForce GTX 1080Ti GPU | - | - | 93.06 | - | BUAA-SID-1.0 |
| ResNet-50+LMMD(Zhang等,2024b) | - | - | - | 95.26 | - | 自建数据集 |
), ArticleFig(id=1322949969870717178, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1249024232475115590, articleId=1322949928510685359, language=CN, label=表5, caption=
目标识别算法性能比较
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 类别 | 方法 | 设备 | 参数量 | 推理 速度/ (帧/s) | 准确率/% | mAP/% | 数据集 |
|---|
| 多模态视觉融合 | LCNN-DMT(Zhang 等,2024a) | Intel Core i7-13700KF CPU,NVIDIA RTX 4090 GPU | 0.928 M | 163.9 | 98.83 | 97.5 | SPARK |
CNN-Transformer (Wang等,2022) | NVIDIA RTX2080Ti GPU, Intel i7-7700 k CPU | 48.7 M | 6.67 | 94.7 | 82.1 | SPEED |
| 目标检测与分割 | NCDN(徐云飞 等, 2020) | Interl(R) Xeon(R) Silver 4 114 CPU@220 GHz, NVIDIA Quadro P4000 GPU | 2.2 M | - | - | 90 | SPEED |
YOLOv5-GMB (Liu等,2022b) | CPU AMD R7 5800 H, GPU NVIDIA RTX 3070 | 1 M | 53 | 95 | 81 | SPEED |
HCNN-PSI(Yang 等,2020b) | NVIDIA GTX1080Ti GPU,Intel Xeon E5-2609 CPU | 25.5 M | - | 99.7 | - | BUAA-SID-1.0 |
SCNN-lite(Li等, 2022c) | Intel Core i7 9700 Processor 3.0 GHz,NVIDIA 2070s GPU | 0.028 M | 5.99 | - | 93.28 | 自建数据集 |
改进的YOLOv3 (郝强 等,2022) | Ubuntu16.04.6, NVIDIA GeForce RTX 2080Ti GPU | - | 65 | - | 91.1 | 自建数据集 |
改进的YOLOX_L (Ai等,2022) | i9@9900K CPU, 64 GB RAM, NVIDIA RTX 2080Ti GPU | - | 50 | 96.28 | 88.86 | 自建数据集 |
| 迁移学习与少样本学习 | D2N4(Yang等, 2020a) | Intel Core i7-6700 CPU,NVIDIA GeForce GTX 1080Ti GPU | - | - | 93.06 | - | BUAA-SID-1.0 |
| ResNet-50+LMMD(Zhang等,2024b) | - | - | - | 95.26 | - | 自建数据集 |
), ArticleFig(id=1322949969954603259, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1249024232475115590, articleId=1322949928510685359, language=EN, label=Table 6, caption=
Comparison of spatial object recognition methods based on vision and deep learning, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 方法类别 | 原理 | 优势 | 局限性 | 适用性 |
|---|
| 多模态视觉融合方法 | 集成 RGB、深度图、红外和激光雷达等多源数据,利用特征对齐与跨模态融合增强目标表征能力 | 融合多源信息增强特征表达,适应复杂结构、遮挡及光照变化 | 数据融合复杂,传感器依赖高,异常模态数据可能干扰结果 | 复杂结构识别、部组件识别、多源遥感融合应用 |
| 目标检测与分割方法 | 基于YOLO、R-CNN等网络,通过目标定位、语义分割等实现多尺度特征融合 | 可定位与分割目标轮廓,适配多类别识别,精度较高 | 对遮挡、弱纹理敏感,训练依赖大量标注数据 | 舱段识别、空间碎片分类等目标明显的识别场景 |
| 迁移学习与少样本学习方法 | 结合元学习、数据增强等策略,从少量样本中学习新类别特征 | 缓解样本不足问题,适应新目标,训练成本低 | 对源目标领域依赖强,泛化性与适应机制设计要求高 | 快速部署、新目标扩展、数据稀缺情况下的识别任务 |
), ArticleFig(id=1322949970034295036, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1249024232475115590, articleId=1322949928510685359, language=CN, label=表6, caption=
基于视觉与深度学习的空间目标识别方法对比
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 方法类别 | 原理 | 优势 | 局限性 | 适用性 |
|---|
| 多模态视觉融合方法 | 集成 RGB、深度图、红外和激光雷达等多源数据,利用特征对齐与跨模态融合增强目标表征能力 | 融合多源信息增强特征表达,适应复杂结构、遮挡及光照变化 | 数据融合复杂,传感器依赖高,异常模态数据可能干扰结果 | 复杂结构识别、部组件识别、多源遥感融合应用 |
| 目标检测与分割方法 | 基于YOLO、R-CNN等网络,通过目标定位、语义分割等实现多尺度特征融合 | 可定位与分割目标轮廓,适配多类别识别,精度较高 | 对遮挡、弱纹理敏感,训练依赖大量标注数据 | 舱段识别、空间碎片分类等目标明显的识别场景 |
| 迁移学习与少样本学习方法 | 结合元学习、数据增强等策略,从少量样本中学习新类别特征 | 缓解样本不足问题,适应新目标,训练成本低 | 对源目标领域依赖强,泛化性与适应机制设计要求高 | 快速部署、新目标扩展、数据稀缺情况下的识别任务 |
), ArticleFig(id=1322949970113986813, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1249024232475115590, articleId=1322949928510685359, language=EN, label=Table 7, caption=
Direct regression pose estimation methods, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 文献 | 网络模型 | 改进点 | 数据集 | 实验结果 | 局限 |
|---|
Renaut等人 (2025b) | MobileNetV3-Large + 螺旋采样姿态空间离散化 + 改进NDT | MobileNetV3-Large在准确率(97.9%)与推理时间(737 ms)之间取得均衡 | EPOS | 在EPOS数据集上平均成功率为97.9%,位置/姿态平均误差为6.64 cm/0.77°;合成测试集成功率为99.24% | 丢失3D空间信息特征,对稀疏点云的适应性受限 |
Deng等人 (2022a) | YOLOv5+ scSE-LHRNet | 通过DSC和scSE模块实现了参数量降低至 11.82 M,同时保持高分辨率特征 | SPEED | 参数量为11.82 M,AP = 94.22%、mIoU = 86.61% 综合误差 = 0.016 9 | 在复杂背景和弱光条件下,姿态预测存在偏差 |
| Ye等人(2023) | 双通道Transformer | 双通道设计,解耦平移与旋转信息,减少参数耦合 | SPEED | 平均姿态误差为1.573°,位置误差为0.044 m,参数量为186 M | 真实场景泛化性未充分验证 |
Yang等人 (2024) | 基于Transformer的多任务网络PVSPE | SlimGFPN减少跨层连接,Epose降低23.7% | SPEED+ | 在lightbox和sunlamp测试域,Epose分别达0.101和0.178,参数量为70.15 M | 对极端反光场景仍存在误判 |
Huang等人 (2021) | 主干网络ResNet-50结合SE模块 + 3个并行子网络 | 四元数软分类 + 误差回归,缓解离散化空间大范围分类的误差 | SPEED/URSO | URSO数据集:姿态误差 ≤ 5°(近距离)/20°(远距离),位置误差 ≤ 0.25 m | 真实数据泛化性受限 |
Qiao等人 (2024) | DSOAE-Net | 多模态R6D表示,解决对称目标的多峰映射问题 | SPEED/SPEED+ | 旋转矩阵误差为2.14° | 在真实卫星图像中性能下降 |
Huang等人 (2023) | 端到端CNN架构 | 多分支关键点回归提升精度,可微位姿估计子网络实现端到端训练,以位姿误差优化 | SPEED+/SwissCube | 角度精度提升52% | 计算复杂度高 |
| Phisannupawong等人(2020) | 改进的GoogLeNet | 损失函数创新,对比测试指数损失和加权欧氏损失,后者效果更优 | URSO | 位置误差为1.2 m;姿态误差为87.93% | 姿态估计误差较大 |
窦凯云等人 (2023b) | ResNet-50 + PSA模块 | 引入PSA模块,通道与空间分支的极化滤波和HDR机制,增强空间特征并抑制背景噪声 | URSO | 位置误差为0.85 m,姿态误差为9.7° | 未验证真实空间场景泛化性 |
Xiao等人 (2024) | LSTM | 提出面向时序数据的LSTM架构,替代传统轨迹模板匹配 | 仿真数据集 | 位置误差为358.8 m,速度误差为0.49 m/s,高度误差为8 084.8 m | 真实数据不足 |
Hou等人 (2023) | Swin Transformer | UNet++ + Swin Transformer组合实现图像增强与姿态回归的端到端优化 | 5 000组模拟ISAR图像 | 增强后姿态估计误差 < 1° | 实验未在真实雷达系统中测试 |
Gong等人 (2023) | DNN | 一次前向传播即可输出相对状态,适用于实时任务。 | 100万样本的轨道场景 | 共椭圆轨道:位置误差 < 9.7%,速度误差 < 48.2%;非共面轨道:位置误差 < 9.9% | 当仰角接近0°或方位角 ≈ 90°时误差显著增加 |
Gao等人 (2023) | SU-Net | 通过密集连接与残差结构结合,减少特征下采样损失 | SpeedPlus数据集 | 平均绝对误差为0.282°,标准差为0.065° | 未验证其泛化性 |
Cao和Cheng (2023) | EfficientNet- B0 + FPN | 通过多级特征融合增强多尺度鲁棒性 | SwissCube | 参数量为10.7 M,平均精度为50.4% | 对低光照等极端场景的鲁棒性不足 |
Huang等人 (2022) | URSONet-Improve | 引入双通道特征提取与注意力机制,提升姿态估计精度,误差降低18.1% | Tango卫星图像 | Esyn:0.029 6;Ereal:0.132 8;姿态角误差:4.74° | 真实图像训练集仅5幅,模型泛化能力不足 |
), ArticleFig(id=1322949970193678590, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1249024232475115590, articleId=1322949928510685359, language=CN, label=表7, caption=
直接回归位姿估计方法
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 文献 | 网络模型 | 改进点 | 数据集 | 实验结果 | 局限 |
|---|
Renaut等人 (2025b) | MobileNetV3-Large + 螺旋采样姿态空间离散化 + 改进NDT | MobileNetV3-Large在准确率(97.9%)与推理时间(737 ms)之间取得均衡 | EPOS | 在EPOS数据集上平均成功率为97.9%,位置/姿态平均误差为6.64 cm/0.77°;合成测试集成功率为99.24% | 丢失3D空间信息特征,对稀疏点云的适应性受限 |
Deng等人 (2022a) | YOLOv5+ scSE-LHRNet | 通过DSC和scSE模块实现了参数量降低至 11.82 M,同时保持高分辨率特征 | SPEED | 参数量为11.82 M,AP = 94.22%、mIoU = 86.61% 综合误差 = 0.016 9 | 在复杂背景和弱光条件下,姿态预测存在偏差 |
| Ye等人(2023) | 双通道Transformer | 双通道设计,解耦平移与旋转信息,减少参数耦合 | SPEED | 平均姿态误差为1.573°,位置误差为0.044 m,参数量为186 M | 真实场景泛化性未充分验证 |
Yang等人 (2024) | 基于Transformer的多任务网络PVSPE | SlimGFPN减少跨层连接,Epose降低23.7% | SPEED+ | 在lightbox和sunlamp测试域,Epose分别达0.101和0.178,参数量为70.15 M | 对极端反光场景仍存在误判 |
Huang等人 (2021) | 主干网络ResNet-50结合SE模块 + 3个并行子网络 | 四元数软分类 + 误差回归,缓解离散化空间大范围分类的误差 | SPEED/URSO | URSO数据集:姿态误差 ≤ 5°(近距离)/20°(远距离),位置误差 ≤ 0.25 m | 真实数据泛化性受限 |
Qiao等人 (2024) | DSOAE-Net | 多模态R6D表示,解决对称目标的多峰映射问题 | SPEED/SPEED+ | 旋转矩阵误差为2.14° | 在真实卫星图像中性能下降 |
Huang等人 (2023) | 端到端CNN架构 | 多分支关键点回归提升精度,可微位姿估计子网络实现端到端训练,以位姿误差优化 | SPEED+/SwissCube | 角度精度提升52% | 计算复杂度高 |
| Phisannupawong等人(2020) | 改进的GoogLeNet | 损失函数创新,对比测试指数损失和加权欧氏损失,后者效果更优 | URSO | 位置误差为1.2 m;姿态误差为87.93% | 姿态估计误差较大 |
窦凯云等人 (2023b) | ResNet-50 + PSA模块 | 引入PSA模块,通道与空间分支的极化滤波和HDR机制,增强空间特征并抑制背景噪声 | URSO | 位置误差为0.85 m,姿态误差为9.7° | 未验证真实空间场景泛化性 |
Xiao等人 (2024) | LSTM | 提出面向时序数据的LSTM架构,替代传统轨迹模板匹配 | 仿真数据集 | 位置误差为358.8 m,速度误差为0.49 m/s,高度误差为8 084.8 m | 真实数据不足 |
Hou等人 (2023) | Swin Transformer | UNet++ + Swin Transformer组合实现图像增强与姿态回归的端到端优化 | 5 000组模拟ISAR图像 | 增强后姿态估计误差 < 1° | 实验未在真实雷达系统中测试 |
Gong等人 (2023) | DNN | 一次前向传播即可输出相对状态,适用于实时任务。 | 100万样本的轨道场景 | 共椭圆轨道:位置误差 < 9.7%,速度误差 < 48.2%;非共面轨道:位置误差 < 9.9% | 当仰角接近0°或方位角 ≈ 90°时误差显著增加 |
Gao等人 (2023) | SU-Net | 通过密集连接与残差结构结合,减少特征下采样损失 | SpeedPlus数据集 | 平均绝对误差为0.282°,标准差为0.065° | 未验证其泛化性 |
Cao和Cheng (2023) | EfficientNet- B0 + FPN | 通过多级特征融合增强多尺度鲁棒性 | SwissCube | 参数量为10.7 M,平均精度为50.4% | 对低光照等极端场景的鲁棒性不足 |
Huang等人 (2022) | URSONet-Improve | 引入双通道特征提取与注意力机制,提升姿态估计精度,误差降低18.1% | Tango卫星图像 | Esyn:0.029 6;Ereal:0.132 8;姿态角误差:4.74° | 真实图像训练集仅5幅,模型泛化能力不足 |
), ArticleFig(id=1322949971456164095, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1249024232475115590, articleId=1322949928510685359, language=EN, label=Table 8, caption=
Pose estimation methods for key point detection, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 文献 | 网络模型 | 改进点 | 数据集 | 实验结果 | 局限 |
|---|
| Xu等人(2020) | Faster R-CNN-HRNet + PnP | 在HRNet特征融合阶段引入扩张卷积,使感受野扩大44% | SPEED | AP 99.89%,mIoU 90.03%;位姿估计误差:0.021 9 | 依赖预建3D线框模型,泛化能力受限于模型精度 |
| Huo等人(2020) | tiny-YOLOv3 + PnP + RANSAC | 通过逻辑回归分配关键点存在的概率,加速网络收敛 | SPEED | 平均精度AP = 73.2%、平均召回率AR = 77.6%; 旋转误差0.681 2°,平移误差0.003 20 m | 未验证真实场景泛化性 |
| 王梓等人(2024) | Lite-HRNet + 亚像素解码法 + EPnP + RANSAC | 解决轻量化导致特征表达能力下降时,关键点定位精度损失问题 | SPEED | 参数量为1.1 M; E = 15.1×103;A = 103.0% | 遮挡条件下关键点定位存在明显偏差 |
| Piazza等人(2022) | SLN + LRN + EPnP + Levenberg-Marquardt | 结合HRNet32的高分辨率热图与几何优化 | SPEED | 位姿误差均值为平移 ±10.36 cm,旋转 ±2.24° | 目标尺寸过小时关键点检测精度显著降低 |
| Li等人(2022a) | SDN + KDN + EPnP | 提出多尺寸锚框适应不同距离下的目标,提升小目标检测性能 | SPEED | 参数量为35.2 M,合成数据:平均误差0.017 8; 真实数据:平均误差0.132 3 | 真实图像泛化能力不足 |
Ahmed等人 (2024) | Transformer + EPnP + Gauss-Newton | 提高特征点检测的准确性,模型参数减少73%,FLOPs下降57% | SPEED | 参数量为7.73 M, 平移误差Et = 6.48 cm,旋转误差Eq = 1.52° | 目标距离 < 5 m时姿态误差较大 |
Wang等人 (2024b) | PVSAR | 基于目标几何结构确定可见表面,局部调整光照, 增强模型泛化能力 | SPEED+/SHIRT | 参数量为30.6 M,Lightbox域SPose = 0.076; Sunlamp域SPose = 0.112 | 在sunlamp域的图像中,强反光导致关键点模糊时误检率较高 |
Cassinis等人 (2020) | Hourglass CNN + CEPPnP | 引入热图导出的协方差矩阵到CEPPnP,改进姿态估计 | SPEED | 位置误差: 0.118 m; 姿态误差:1.33° | 远距离位姿估计误差增加 |
| Chen等人(2024) | YOLO-w6-pose + 2D关键点回归 | 融合检测与关键点回归任务,GFLOPs仅102.3 | URSO | 参数量为80.5 M, S = 0.068, ADD达94.4% | 对非共面航天器不适用 |
Zhong等人 (2025) | CSPDarknet53 + 多分辨率并行分类器 | 等效直径和偏移量适应不同目标尺度和姿态 | URSO/SwissCube | ADD: 99.6%, ADD: 86.4%; 光照场景S = 0.056 | 对称目标性能受限 |
| Kajak等人(2023) | CNN + EPnP | 引入对称性感知损失,动态选择最佳对称位姿作为训练目标 | 训练集A/B,测试集C-G | 合成数据:平均角度误差1.6~2.3°;真实数据:召回率71.7% | 约30%真实图像因过曝光导致CNN误判对称轴方向 |
Alsabhan和 Alotaiby(2022) | ResNet-50/PointNet++ Transformer | 通过跨模态注意力权重分配提升特征融合效率。相较传统拼接法,参数效率提升37% | LINEMOD+合成数据增强 | 准确率 = 89.7% | 未考虑动态物体的运动模糊效应 |
), ArticleFig(id=1322949971548438784, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1249024232475115590, articleId=1322949928510685359, language=CN, label=表8, caption=
关键点检测位姿估计方法
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 文献 | 网络模型 | 改进点 | 数据集 | 实验结果 | 局限 |
|---|
| Xu等人(2020) | Faster R-CNN-HRNet + PnP | 在HRNet特征融合阶段引入扩张卷积,使感受野扩大44% | SPEED | AP 99.89%,mIoU 90.03%;位姿估计误差:0.021 9 | 依赖预建3D线框模型,泛化能力受限于模型精度 |
| Huo等人(2020) | tiny-YOLOv3 + PnP + RANSAC | 通过逻辑回归分配关键点存在的概率,加速网络收敛 | SPEED | 平均精度AP = 73.2%、平均召回率AR = 77.6%; 旋转误差0.681 2°,平移误差0.003 20 m | 未验证真实场景泛化性 |
| 王梓等人(2024) | Lite-HRNet + 亚像素解码法 + EPnP + RANSAC | 解决轻量化导致特征表达能力下降时,关键点定位精度损失问题 | SPEED | 参数量为1.1 M; E = 15.1×103;A = 103.0% | 遮挡条件下关键点定位存在明显偏差 |
| Piazza等人(2022) | SLN + LRN + EPnP + Levenberg-Marquardt | 结合HRNet32的高分辨率热图与几何优化 | SPEED | 位姿误差均值为平移 ±10.36 cm,旋转 ±2.24° | 目标尺寸过小时关键点检测精度显著降低 |
| Li等人(2022a) | SDN + KDN + EPnP | 提出多尺寸锚框适应不同距离下的目标,提升小目标检测性能 | SPEED | 参数量为35.2 M,合成数据:平均误差0.017 8; 真实数据:平均误差0.132 3 | 真实图像泛化能力不足 |
Ahmed等人 (2024) | Transformer + EPnP + Gauss-Newton | 提高特征点检测的准确性,模型参数减少73%,FLOPs下降57% | SPEED | 参数量为7.73 M, 平移误差Et = 6.48 cm,旋转误差Eq = 1.52° | 目标距离 < 5 m时姿态误差较大 |
Wang等人 (2024b) | PVSAR | 基于目标几何结构确定可见表面,局部调整光照, 增强模型泛化能力 | SPEED+/SHIRT | 参数量为30.6 M,Lightbox域SPose = 0.076; Sunlamp域SPose = 0.112 | 在sunlamp域的图像中,强反光导致关键点模糊时误检率较高 |
Cassinis等人 (2020) | Hourglass CNN + CEPPnP | 引入热图导出的协方差矩阵到CEPPnP,改进姿态估计 | SPEED | 位置误差: 0.118 m; 姿态误差:1.33° | 远距离位姿估计误差增加 |
| Chen等人(2024) | YOLO-w6-pose + 2D关键点回归 | 融合检测与关键点回归任务,GFLOPs仅102.3 | URSO | 参数量为80.5 M, S = 0.068, ADD达94.4% | 对非共面航天器不适用 |
Zhong等人 (2025) | CSPDarknet53 + 多分辨率并行分类器 | 等效直径和偏移量适应不同目标尺度和姿态 | URSO/SwissCube | ADD: 99.6%, ADD: 86.4%; 光照场景S = 0.056 | 对称目标性能受限 |
| Kajak等人(2023) | CNN + EPnP | 引入对称性感知损失,动态选择最佳对称位姿作为训练目标 | 训练集A/B,测试集C-G | 合成数据:平均角度误差1.6~2.3°;真实数据:召回率71.7% | 约30%真实图像因过曝光导致CNN误判对称轴方向 |
Alsabhan和 Alotaiby(2022) | ResNet-50/PointNet++ Transformer | 通过跨模态注意力权重分配提升特征融合效率。相较传统拼接法,参数效率提升37% | LINEMOD+合成数据增强 | 准确率 = 89.7% | 未考虑动态物体的运动模糊效应 |
), ArticleFig(id=1322949971661684993, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1249024232475115590, articleId=1322949928510685359, language=EN, label=Table 9, caption=
Unsupervised and domain-adaptive pose estimation methods, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 文献 | 网络模型 | 改进点 | 数据集 | 实验结果 | 局限 |
|---|
Park和D’Amico (2024) | SPNv2 | 姿态回归/分割/关键点联合学习 | SPEED+ | 参数量为52.5 M,旋转角误差为6.48°,位移误差为0.175 m | 在线域细化ODR可能使部分样本性能恶化 |
| Wang等人(2024a) | HRFormer-S | 通过分割掩码提供稠密监督信号,缓解关键点稀疏性问题 | SPEED | Sunlamp域S = 0.054 5;Lightbox域S = 0.162 7 | 极端光照/遮挡下关键点不可见时性能下降 |
Pérez-Villar等人 (2023) | Hourglass CNN + PnP | 深度联合预测头支持3D关键点重构,增强几何一致性 | SPEED+ | 平均误差为0.081 2 | 需预定义3D关键点模型 |
| Liu等人(2023) | DSF-VLM | 首次引入视觉—语言模型 解决空间姿态估计的域适应问题 | SPEED | 旋转误差为0.3°;位移误差为1.98 cm | 极端低光照条件下平移参数估计出现偏差 |
| Sun等人(2023) | STN | CNN-Transformer混合架构, 弥补小样本下Transformer的局限 | 自建 数据集 | 位置误差为0.96%; 姿态误差为4.39° | 真实场景泛化性待验证 |
| Cassinis等人(2022) | HRNet + EPnP | 结合SoftPosIT算法优化关键点误匹配情景下位姿稳定性 | 合成 数据集 | 位置误差为0.2 m, 姿态误差为0.8° | 对实验室极端光照适应性有限 |
), ArticleFig(id=1322949971749765378, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1249024232475115590, articleId=1322949928510685359, language=CN, label=表9, caption=
无监督及域自适应位姿估计方法
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 文献 | 网络模型 | 改进点 | 数据集 | 实验结果 | 局限 |
|---|
Park和D’Amico (2024) | SPNv2 | 姿态回归/分割/关键点联合学习 | SPEED+ | 参数量为52.5 M,旋转角误差为6.48°,位移误差为0.175 m | 在线域细化ODR可能使部分样本性能恶化 |
| Wang等人(2024a) | HRFormer-S | 通过分割掩码提供稠密监督信号,缓解关键点稀疏性问题 | SPEED | Sunlamp域S = 0.054 5;Lightbox域S = 0.162 7 | 极端光照/遮挡下关键点不可见时性能下降 |
Pérez-Villar等人 (2023) | Hourglass CNN + PnP | 深度联合预测头支持3D关键点重构,增强几何一致性 | SPEED+ | 平均误差为0.081 2 | 需预定义3D关键点模型 |
| Liu等人(2023) | DSF-VLM | 首次引入视觉—语言模型 解决空间姿态估计的域适应问题 | SPEED | 旋转误差为0.3°;位移误差为1.98 cm | 极端低光照条件下平移参数估计出现偏差 |
| Sun等人(2023) | STN | CNN-Transformer混合架构, 弥补小样本下Transformer的局限 | 自建 数据集 | 位置误差为0.96%; 姿态误差为4.39° | 真实场景泛化性待验证 |
| Cassinis等人(2022) | HRNet + EPnP | 结合SoftPosIT算法优化关键点误匹配情景下位姿稳定性 | 合成 数据集 | 位置误差为0.2 m, 姿态误差为0.8° | 对实验室极端光照适应性有限 |
), ArticleFig(id=1322949971842040067, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1249024232475115590, articleId=1322949928510685359, language=EN, label=Table 10, caption=
Pose estimation methods of multimodal visual fusion, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 文献 | 网络模型 | 改进点 | 数据集 | 实验结果 | 局限 |
|---|
| Qiao等人(2022) | ResNet18 + PointNet++ | 首次将点云数据与单目图像结合,通过卷积提取3D结构特征 | BUAA-SID-POSE 1.0 | 参数量为43 M ,MAE:偏航角9.85°、俯仰角2.88°、滚转角2.56°; 精度ACC:偏航71.4%、俯仰94.2%、滚转95.1% | 对称卫星姿态估计精度下降 |
Zhang等人 (2025) | SegFormer-MiT-B5 | 提出局部类区域学习模块提升估计精度 | 自建数据集 | 参数量98.2 M,mAPE = 0.63° | 低分辨率图像表现受到限制 |
王金聪等人 (2025) | 改进的DenseFusion网络 | 引入PConv模块,降低冗余计算,提升对光照变化的鲁棒性 | LineMOD/自建数据集 | LineMOD:平均ADD-S达97.6%;自制数据集:平均ADD-S为89.2% | 未验证真实太空场景下的性能 |
| Lei等人(2024) | MSFT | 引入时序感知的跨模态注意力机制 | 自建数据集 | 参数量为48.7 M,平均精度提升15.6% | 对高频运动场景鲁棒性不足 |
| Gavilanez和Moncayo(2024) | Mask R-CNN + PCR-GAN + GICP | 结合MSN补全遮挡与PU-GAN提升点云密度,MSE误差降低35.59% | 自建数据集 | 点云质量:PCR-GAN将CD从7.806 × 10-3降至7.159 × 10-4,MSE降低35.59%;位姿精度:平移误差:y轴提升45.7%,姿态角误差:Yaw角提升61.4% | PCR-GAN生成的内部点密度高于表面,可能影响复杂几何精度 |
| 陈炜等人(2023) | YOLOv5 + ICP | 结合RGB图像与深度图的异步数据流 | 自建数据集 | Precision = 99.5%,AP50 = 99.5% | 对遮挡敏感,目标被遮挡超过30%面积时点云配准失败 |
Guthrie等人 (2022) | Siamese CNN + RANSAC | 首次在端到端可训练框架中集成并行RANSAC,提升异常值鲁棒性 | 合成数据集 | 在模拟数据集上,相较于ORB、SIFT与ICP算法,其平均姿态误差降低40%以上,实时处理速度达23 Hz | 真实场景泛化性待验证 |
Rondao等人 (2023) | CNN + LSTM | 首次引入LSTM处理航天器序列图像中运动连续性 | Astos合成数据集/City实验数据集 | ASTOS/06序列达到0.49%相对位置误差、1.85°平均姿态误差 | 真实数据验证局限于实验室环境 |
), ArticleFig(id=1322949971930120452, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1249024232475115590, articleId=1322949928510685359, language=CN, label=表10, caption=
多模态视觉融合位姿估计方法
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 文献 | 网络模型 | 改进点 | 数据集 | 实验结果 | 局限 |
|---|
| Qiao等人(2022) | ResNet18 + PointNet++ | 首次将点云数据与单目图像结合,通过卷积提取3D结构特征 | BUAA-SID-POSE 1.0 | 参数量为43 M ,MAE:偏航角9.85°、俯仰角2.88°、滚转角2.56°; 精度ACC:偏航71.4%、俯仰94.2%、滚转95.1% | 对称卫星姿态估计精度下降 |
Zhang等人 (2025) | SegFormer-MiT-B5 | 提出局部类区域学习模块提升估计精度 | 自建数据集 | 参数量98.2 M,mAPE = 0.63° | 低分辨率图像表现受到限制 |
王金聪等人 (2025) | 改进的DenseFusion网络 | 引入PConv模块,降低冗余计算,提升对光照变化的鲁棒性 | LineMOD/自建数据集 | LineMOD:平均ADD-S达97.6%;自制数据集:平均ADD-S为89.2% | 未验证真实太空场景下的性能 |
| Lei等人(2024) | MSFT | 引入时序感知的跨模态注意力机制 | 自建数据集 | 参数量为48.7 M,平均精度提升15.6% | 对高频运动场景鲁棒性不足 |
| Gavilanez和Moncayo(2024) | Mask R-CNN + PCR-GAN + GICP | 结合MSN补全遮挡与PU-GAN提升点云密度,MSE误差降低35.59% | 自建数据集 | 点云质量:PCR-GAN将CD从7.806 × 10-3降至7.159 × 10-4,MSE降低35.59%;位姿精度:平移误差:y轴提升45.7%,姿态角误差:Yaw角提升61.4% | PCR-GAN生成的内部点密度高于表面,可能影响复杂几何精度 |
| 陈炜等人(2023) | YOLOv5 + ICP | 结合RGB图像与深度图的异步数据流 | 自建数据集 | Precision = 99.5%,AP50 = 99.5% | 对遮挡敏感,目标被遮挡超过30%面积时点云配准失败 |
Guthrie等人 (2022) | Siamese CNN + RANSAC | 首次在端到端可训练框架中集成并行RANSAC,提升异常值鲁棒性 | 合成数据集 | 在模拟数据集上,相较于ORB、SIFT与ICP算法,其平均姿态误差降低40%以上,实时处理速度达23 Hz | 真实场景泛化性待验证 |
Rondao等人 (2023) | CNN + LSTM | 首次引入LSTM处理航天器序列图像中运动连续性 | Astos合成数据集/City实验数据集 | ASTOS/06序列达到0.49%相对位置误差、1.85°平均姿态误差 | 真实数据验证局限于实验室环境 |
), ArticleFig(id=1322949972001423621, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1249024232475115590, articleId=1322949928510685359, language=EN, label=Table 11, caption=
Comparison of pose estimation algorithms performance, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 类别 | 方法 | 设备 | 参数量 | 推理速度/(帧/s) | 姿态误差 | 位置误差 | 数据集 |
|---|
| 直接回归 | 双通道Transformer (Ye等,2023) | i9-11900K CPU, NVIDIA RTX3090 GPU | 186 M | 29.9 | 1.573° | 0.044 m | SPEED |
| PVSPE:基于Transformer的多任务网络(Yang等,2024) | NVIDIA GeForce RTX 3090 GPU | 70.15 M | 31.25 | 4.81° | 0.017 m | SPEED+ |
基于CNN的端到端网络 (Huang等,2023) | Intel Xeon Silver 4210 CPU,NVIDIA Quadro RTX 6000 GPU | - | 10 | 1.47° | 0.011 9 m | SPEED+ |
YOLOv5 + scSE-LHRNet (Deng等,2022a) | 64 GB Intel Core i9-10900K CPU, 32 GB NVIDIA 2080Ti GPU | 11.82 M | - | 0.016 9° | - | SPEED |
| 改进的GoogLeNet (Phisannupawong等,2020) | NVIDIA GeForce RTX 2080 GPU | - | - | 13.70° | 1.2 m | URSO |
关键点 检测 | Lite-HRNet + 亚像素解码法 + EPnP + RANSAC (王梓 等,2024) | - | 1.1 M | 35.21 | 0.62° | 0.030 9 m | SPEED |
| Transformer + EPnP + Gauss-Newton (Ahmed等,2024) | NVIDIA-TITAN XP GPU | 7.73 M | - | 1.52° | 0.064 8 m | SPEED |
| SDN + KDN + EPnP(Li等,2022a) | - | 35.2 M | - | 0.739° | 0.004 9 m | SPEED |
Hourglass CNN + CEPPnP (Cassinis等,2021) | - | 26.8 M | | 1.33° | 0.118 m | SPEED |
| Faster R-CNN-HRNet + PnP(Xu等,2020) | Intel Core i7-6700 CPU, NVIDIA GeForce GTX 1080Ti GPU | 26.2 M | - | 0.972 9° | 0.007 4 m | SPEED |
| tiny-YOLOv3 + PnP + RANSAC (Huo等,2020) | | - | 50 | 0.681 2° | 0.003 2 m | SPEED |
| 无监督及域自适应 | SPNv2 (Park和D’Amico,2024) | - | 52.5 M | - | 6.48° | 0.175 m | SPEED+ |
| 双头堆叠Hourglass CNN网络 + PnP(Pérez-Villar等,2023) | - | - | - | 0.049 3° | 0.081 2 m | SPEED+ |
| DSF-VLM (Liu等,2023) | NVIDIA Geforce RTX 2080 SUPER GPU, Intel i7-9700 CPU | - | 21.93 | 0.3° | 0.019 8 m | SPEED |
| HRFormer-S (Sun等,2023) | NVIDIA GTX 3090 GPU | 7.8 M | 17.45 | 4.696° | 0.096 3 m | SPEED |
| 多模态视觉融合 | ResNet18+ PointNet++ (Qiao等,2022) | Intel(R) Xeon(R) Silver 4114 CPU, NVIDIA GTX 2080Ti GPU | 43 M | - | 2.56° | - | BUAA-SID-POSE 1.0 |
| CNN+LSTM (Rondao等,2023) | NVIDIA Turing V100 Tensor Core GPU | - | - | 1.85° | 0.23 m | Astos |
), ArticleFig(id=1322949972089504006, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1249024232475115590, articleId=1322949928510685359, language=CN, label=表11, caption=
位姿估计算法性能比较
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 类别 | 方法 | 设备 | 参数量 | 推理速度/(帧/s) | 姿态误差 | 位置误差 | 数据集 |
|---|
| 直接回归 | 双通道Transformer (Ye等,2023) | i9-11900K CPU, NVIDIA RTX3090 GPU | 186 M | 29.9 | 1.573° | 0.044 m | SPEED |
| PVSPE:基于Transformer的多任务网络(Yang等,2024) | NVIDIA GeForce RTX 3090 GPU | 70.15 M | 31.25 | 4.81° | 0.017 m | SPEED+ |
基于CNN的端到端网络 (Huang等,2023) | Intel Xeon Silver 4210 CPU,NVIDIA Quadro RTX 6000 GPU | - | 10 | 1.47° | 0.011 9 m | SPEED+ |
YOLOv5 + scSE-LHRNet (Deng等,2022a) | 64 GB Intel Core i9-10900K CPU, 32 GB NVIDIA 2080Ti GPU | 11.82 M | - | 0.016 9° | - | SPEED |
| 改进的GoogLeNet (Phisannupawong等,2020) | NVIDIA GeForce RTX 2080 GPU | - | - | 13.70° | 1.2 m | URSO |
关键点 检测 | Lite-HRNet + 亚像素解码法 + EPnP + RANSAC (王梓 等,2024) | - | 1.1 M | 35.21 | 0.62° | 0.030 9 m | SPEED |
| Transformer + EPnP + Gauss-Newton (Ahmed等,2024) | NVIDIA-TITAN XP GPU | 7.73 M | - | 1.52° | 0.064 8 m | SPEED |
| SDN + KDN + EPnP(Li等,2022a) | - | 35.2 M | - | 0.739° | 0.004 9 m | SPEED |
Hourglass CNN + CEPPnP (Cassinis等,2021) | - | 26.8 M | | 1.33° | 0.118 m | SPEED |
| Faster R-CNN-HRNet + PnP(Xu等,2020) | Intel Core i7-6700 CPU, NVIDIA GeForce GTX 1080Ti GPU | 26.2 M | - | 0.972 9° | 0.007 4 m | SPEED |
| tiny-YOLOv3 + PnP + RANSAC (Huo等,2020) | | - | 50 | 0.681 2° | 0.003 2 m | SPEED |
| 无监督及域自适应 | SPNv2 (Park和D’Amico,2024) | - | 52.5 M | - | 6.48° | 0.175 m | SPEED+ |
| 双头堆叠Hourglass CNN网络 + PnP(Pérez-Villar等,2023) | - | - | - | 0.049 3° | 0.081 2 m | SPEED+ |
| DSF-VLM (Liu等,2023) | NVIDIA Geforce RTX 2080 SUPER GPU, Intel i7-9700 CPU | - | 21.93 | 0.3° | 0.019 8 m | SPEED |
| HRFormer-S (Sun等,2023) | NVIDIA GTX 3090 GPU | 7.8 M | 17.45 | 4.696° | 0.096 3 m | SPEED |
| 多模态视觉融合 | ResNet18+ PointNet++ (Qiao等,2022) | Intel(R) Xeon(R) Silver 4114 CPU, NVIDIA GTX 2080Ti GPU | 43 M | - | 2.56° | - | BUAA-SID-POSE 1.0 |
| CNN+LSTM (Rondao等,2023) | NVIDIA Turing V100 Tensor Core GPU | - | - | 1.85° | 0.23 m | Astos |
), ArticleFig(id=1322949972169195783, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1249024232475115590, articleId=1322949928510685359, language=EN, label=Table 12, caption=
Comparison of pose estimation methods based on vision and deep learning, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 方法类别 | 原理 | 优势 | 局限性 | 适用性 |
|---|
| 直接回归方法 | 通过深度神经网络直接回归目标的平移和旋转参数,实现端到端位姿预测 | 端到端建模,计算效率高 | 泛化能力受限,对对称结构存在多解问题,真实环境适应性需验证 | 缺乏几何先验、需快速响应的动态任务场景 |
| 关键点检测方法 | 检测目标关键点或特征点,并结合PnP算法计算位姿,显式利用几何关系 | 显式结构建模,精度高,适配几何先验 | 易受遮挡与光照影响,对关键点可见性依赖强,处理流程复杂 | 结构清晰、具有模型先验的目标 |
| 无监督及域自适应方法 | 通过重投影损失、对比学习等无监督方式或域适应技术进行训练,减少对真实标签依赖 | 弱标签依赖,支持无监督与伪标签,跨域泛化强 | 训练复杂,依赖伪标签质量,在极端场景下鲁棒性不足 | 缺少真实标签、任务需从仿真数据过渡到真实环境的应用 |
| 多模态视觉融合方法 | 融合可见光、红外、深度图、LiDAR等多源感知信息,通过特征级或决策级融合提升位姿估计精度 | 多源互补,抗遮挡、抗光照变化能力强,精度高 | 系统复杂度高,传感器标定与数据对齐困难,硬件成本大 | 多源异构环境、高遮挡或弱纹理条件下的高精度感知任务 |
), ArticleFig(id=1322949972257276168, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1249024232475115590, articleId=1322949928510685359, language=CN, label=表12, caption=
基于视觉与深度学习的位姿估计方法对比
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 方法类别 | 原理 | 优势 | 局限性 | 适用性 |
|---|
| 直接回归方法 | 通过深度神经网络直接回归目标的平移和旋转参数,实现端到端位姿预测 | 端到端建模,计算效率高 | 泛化能力受限,对对称结构存在多解问题,真实环境适应性需验证 | 缺乏几何先验、需快速响应的动态任务场景 |
| 关键点检测方法 | 检测目标关键点或特征点,并结合PnP算法计算位姿,显式利用几何关系 | 显式结构建模,精度高,适配几何先验 | 易受遮挡与光照影响,对关键点可见性依赖强,处理流程复杂 | 结构清晰、具有模型先验的目标 |
| 无监督及域自适应方法 | 通过重投影损失、对比学习等无监督方式或域适应技术进行训练,减少对真实标签依赖 | 弱标签依赖,支持无监督与伪标签,跨域泛化强 | 训练复杂,依赖伪标签质量,在极端场景下鲁棒性不足 | 缺少真实标签、任务需从仿真数据过渡到真实环境的应用 |
| 多模态视觉融合方法 | 融合可见光、红外、深度图、LiDAR等多源感知信息,通过特征级或决策级融合提升位姿估计精度 | 多源互补,抗遮挡、抗光照变化能力强,精度高 | 系统复杂度高,传感器标定与数据对齐困难,硬件成本大 | 多源异构环境、高遮挡或弱纹理条件下的高精度感知任务 |
), ArticleFig(id=1322949972324385033, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1249024232475115590, articleId=1322949928510685359, language=EN, label=Table 13, caption=
Public datasets, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 数据集 | 合成/实验/太空 | 航天器 | 分辨率/像素 | 距离/m | 图片类型 | 仿真工具 |
|---|
| AKM (Rathinam等,2025) | 10 k/-/- | AKM | 1 024 × 1 024 | 1~10 | 灰度图 | Blender |
| BUAA-SID-POSE 1.0 (Qiao等,2024) | 60 k/-/- | LRO、 ICECube等 | 1 280 × 720 | 2~50 | 灰度图 | BUAA-SID 1.0 |
| SHIRT (Park和D’Amico,2023) | 5 k/5 k/- | Tango | 1 920 × 1 200 | < 40 | 灰度图 | OpenGL |
| SwissCube (Wang等,2025) | 50 k/-/- | SwissCube | 1 024 × 1 024 | 0.1~1 | RGB | Mitsuba 2 |
| SPEED+ (Park等,2022) | 60 k/10 k/- | Tango | 1 920 × 1 200 | 3~40.5 | 灰度图 | OpenGL |
| Cygnus (Black等,2021) | 20 k/-/540 | Cygnus | 1 024 ×1 024 | 35~75 | RGB | Blender |
| Minerva-II2 (Hematulin等,2025) | 3 k/-/- | Minerva-II2 | 1 024 × 1 024 | < 40 | RGB | Photoview 360 |
| SPEED (Park和D’Amico,2024) | 15 k/305/- | Tango | 1 920 × 1 200 | 3~40.5 | 灰度图 | OpenGL |
| SPARK (AlDahoul等,2022a) | 150 k/-/- | AcrimSat、 Aquarius、 空间碎片等 | 1 280 × 720 | 1.5~10 | RGB | Unity3D |
| URSO(Proença和Gao,2020) | 15 k/-/- | Soyuz、Dragon | 1 080 × 960 | 10~40 | RGB | Unreal Engine 4 |
), ArticleFig(id=1322949972416659722, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1249024232475115590, articleId=1322949928510685359, language=CN, label=表13, caption=
公开数据集
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 数据集 | 合成/实验/太空 | 航天器 | 分辨率/像素 | 距离/m | 图片类型 | 仿真工具 |
|---|
| AKM (Rathinam等,2025) | 10 k/-/- | AKM | 1 024 × 1 024 | 1~10 | 灰度图 | Blender |
| BUAA-SID-POSE 1.0 (Qiao等,2024) | 60 k/-/- | LRO、 ICECube等 | 1 280 × 720 | 2~50 | 灰度图 | BUAA-SID 1.0 |
| SHIRT (Park和D’Amico,2023) | 5 k/5 k/- | Tango | 1 920 × 1 200 | < 40 | 灰度图 | OpenGL |
| SwissCube (Wang等,2025) | 50 k/-/- | SwissCube | 1 024 × 1 024 | 0.1~1 | RGB | Mitsuba 2 |
| SPEED+ (Park等,2022) | 60 k/10 k/- | Tango | 1 920 × 1 200 | 3~40.5 | 灰度图 | OpenGL |
| Cygnus (Black等,2021) | 20 k/-/540 | Cygnus | 1 024 ×1 024 | 35~75 | RGB | Blender |
| Minerva-II2 (Hematulin等,2025) | 3 k/-/- | Minerva-II2 | 1 024 × 1 024 | < 40 | RGB | Photoview 360 |
| SPEED (Park和D’Amico,2024) | 15 k/305/- | Tango | 1 920 × 1 200 | 3~40.5 | 灰度图 | OpenGL |
| SPARK (AlDahoul等,2022a) | 150 k/-/- | AcrimSat、 Aquarius、 空间碎片等 | 1 280 × 720 | 1.5~10 | RGB | Unity3D |
| URSO(Proença和Gao,2020) | 15 k/-/- | Soyuz、Dragon | 1 080 × 960 | 10~40 | RGB | Unreal Engine 4 |
), ArticleFig(id=1322949972500545803, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1249024232475115590, articleId=1322949928510685359, language=EN, label=Table 14, caption=
Self-managed datasets, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 任务分类 | 来源 | 类型 | 样本数 | 覆盖范围 | 数据集内容 | 仿真工具 |
|---|
| 目标识别 | Zhang等人(2024a) | RGB | 训练/验证/测试:17 k/-/3 k | - | 15类失效卫星以及39类太空垃圾 | 3D MAX |
| Zhang等人(2024b) | 灰度图 | 源域:8 485; 目标域:66 095 | 目标类型: 圆锥体、立方体、椭球体(涵盖不同几何对称性目标);姿态角0°~90° | 源域:包含3种目标,圆锥体、立方体、椭球体,在旋转状态下的微多普勒特征(0°~90°姿态角,间隔2°);目标域:激光雷达实测的微多普勒时频谱,目标为3D打印的毫米级目标(边长6 mm立方体、半径4 mm圆锥体、长短轴4/12 mm椭球体) | - |
| Pensado等人(2023) | LiDAR深度图像 | 训练/验证/测试:40 k/10 k/- | 姿态角0°~360° | 基于Envisat卫星的.stl模型生成不同姿态的LiDAR深度图像 | - |
| Zhao等人(2022) | 点云 | 792个点云 | - | 本体、面板、天线,共32个不同航天器模型 | Blender |
| Liu等人(2022b) | RGB | 训练/验证/测试:800/200/- | - | 航天器主要部件,如主体、太阳能板、天线等 | - |
| Chen等人(2021) | RGB | 训练/验证/测试:900/100/- | - | 包括不同角度和颜色的目标物体及标签数据 | V-rep |
| 郝强等人(2022) | RGB | 训练/验证/测试:6 k/1 k/3 k | - | 包括卫星本体和部件,如太阳能板、天线、传感器等 | - |
| Ai等人(2022) | RGB | 3 117 | - | 卫星、太阳帆板、舱段 | - |
| 位姿估计 | Cassinis等人(2021) | RGB | 训练/验证/测试:18 k/6 k/6 k | 90 m~180 m | 多姿态角场景(偏航/俯仰/横滚角按10°离散化);固定太阳高度角(30°)和方位角以生成不同光照条件 | Cinema 4D |
| Guthrie等人(2022) | 多模态数据集 | 训练/验证/测试:60 k/-/- | 相对旋转速度:0.5°/步~7°/步;相对轨道距离:20 m~500 m | 模拟主动碎片清除任务中追踪卫星与目标卫星的相对轨道运动和翻滚运动 | Blender |
| Rondao等人(2023) | RGB/RGBT | 7个序列/-/7个序列 | > 3.8 m | Envisat仿真序列:3种不同制导模式,3种旋转状态,2种接近方向 | Astos相机模拟器 |
| Sun等人(2023) | RGB | 373 248 | 姿态范围:360° × 3旋转轴;距离范围: > 2.8 m | 三维卫星模型模拟,3个旋转轴(横滚/俯仰/偏航)以5°间隔全周旋转;4种位置运动轨迹(近远/水平/远近/水平交替) | Unity3D |
| Hu等人(2023) | 灰度图 | 90帧连续数据 | 低/高速旋转航天器的姿态测量(X/Y/Z轴位移±500 mm,角度0°~360° | 航天器模型在旋转状态下的双目光学图像;TOF相机采集的3D点云数据;模拟空间光照条件下的传感器输出 | ABB机械臂仿真系统 |
| Gao等人(2023) | RGB | 训练/验证/测试:14 195/-/3 549 | 姿态角度覆盖范围0°~35° | 低分辨率、模糊边界及高噪声的航天器在轨ISAR成像数据 | 地面ISAR设备采集 |
| Huang等人(2022) | RGB | 训练/验证/测试:12 005/-/3 298 | - | Tango卫星 | KPEC |
| Han等人(2025) | 多模态数据集 | 训练/验证/测试:140 k/20 k/40 k | > 10 m及 < 10 m | PEU-cloud: 100种航天器三维点云;PEU-track:模拟轨道交会、编队飞行等任务 | Blender |
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| 任务分类 | 来源 | 类型 | 样本数 | 覆盖范围 | 数据集内容 | 仿真工具 |
|---|
| 目标识别 | Zhang等人(2024a) | RGB | 训练/验证/测试:17 k/-/3 k | - | 15类失效卫星以及39类太空垃圾 | 3D MAX |
| Zhang等人(2024b) | 灰度图 | 源域:8 485; 目标域:66 095 | 目标类型: 圆锥体、立方体、椭球体(涵盖不同几何对称性目标);姿态角0°~90° | 源域:包含3种目标,圆锥体、立方体、椭球体,在旋转状态下的微多普勒特征(0°~90°姿态角,间隔2°);目标域:激光雷达实测的微多普勒时频谱,目标为3D打印的毫米级目标(边长6 mm立方体、半径4 mm圆锥体、长短轴4/12 mm椭球体) | - |
| Pensado等人(2023) | LiDAR深度图像 | 训练/验证/测试:40 k/10 k/- | 姿态角0°~360° | 基于Envisat卫星的.stl模型生成不同姿态的LiDAR深度图像 | - |
| Zhao等人(2022) | 点云 | 792个点云 | - | 本体、面板、天线,共32个不同航天器模型 | Blender |
| Liu等人(2022b) | RGB | 训练/验证/测试:800/200/- | - | 航天器主要部件,如主体、太阳能板、天线等 | - |
| Chen等人(2021) | RGB | 训练/验证/测试:900/100/- | - | 包括不同角度和颜色的目标物体及标签数据 | V-rep |
| 郝强等人(2022) | RGB | 训练/验证/测试:6 k/1 k/3 k | - | 包括卫星本体和部件,如太阳能板、天线、传感器等 | - |
| Ai等人(2022) | RGB | 3 117 | - | 卫星、太阳帆板、舱段 | - |
| 位姿估计 | Cassinis等人(2021) | RGB | 训练/验证/测试:18 k/6 k/6 k | 90 m~180 m | 多姿态角场景(偏航/俯仰/横滚角按10°离散化);固定太阳高度角(30°)和方位角以生成不同光照条件 | Cinema 4D |
| Guthrie等人(2022) | 多模态数据集 | 训练/验证/测试:60 k/-/- | 相对旋转速度:0.5°/步~7°/步;相对轨道距离:20 m~500 m | 模拟主动碎片清除任务中追踪卫星与目标卫星的相对轨道运动和翻滚运动 | Blender |
| Rondao等人(2023) | RGB/RGBT | 7个序列/-/7个序列 | > 3.8 m | Envisat仿真序列:3种不同制导模式,3种旋转状态,2种接近方向 | Astos相机模拟器 |
| Sun等人(2023) | RGB | 373 248 | 姿态范围:360° × 3旋转轴;距离范围: > 2.8 m | 三维卫星模型模拟,3个旋转轴(横滚/俯仰/偏航)以5°间隔全周旋转;4种位置运动轨迹(近远/水平/远近/水平交替) | Unity3D |
| Hu等人(2023) | 灰度图 | 90帧连续数据 | 低/高速旋转航天器的姿态测量(X/Y/Z轴位移±500 mm,角度0°~360° | 航天器模型在旋转状态下的双目光学图像;TOF相机采集的3D点云数据;模拟空间光照条件下的传感器输出 | ABB机械臂仿真系统 |
| Gao等人(2023) | RGB | 训练/验证/测试:14 195/-/3 549 | 姿态角度覆盖范围0°~35° | 低分辨率、模糊边界及高噪声的航天器在轨ISAR成像数据 | 地面ISAR设备采集 |
| Huang等人(2022) | RGB | 训练/验证/测试:12 005/-/3 298 | - | Tango卫星 | KPEC |
| Han等人(2025) | 多模态数据集 | 训练/验证/测试:140 k/20 k/40 k | > 10 m及 < 10 m | PEU-cloud: 100种航天器三维点云;PEU-track:模拟轨道交会、编队飞行等任务 | Blender |
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