Article(id=1271391610110685467, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1271160618791747662, issueId=1271391553579848391, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.12264/JFSC2025-0144, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1749052800000, receivedDateStr=2025-06-05, revisedDate=1752508800000, revisedDateStr=2025-07-15, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1781052981164, onlineDateStr=2026-06-10, pubDate=null, pubDateStr=null, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1781052981164, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-06-10, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1781052981164, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1781052981164, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1271391553579848391, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1271160618791747662, year='2025', volume='32', issue='12', pageStart='1717', pageEnd='1844', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1781052967652, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1781053078366, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1271392018073849945, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1271160618791747662, issueId=1271391553579848391, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1271392018078044250, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1271160618791747662, issueId=1271391553579848391, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=1808, endPage=1821, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1271391611947790621, articleId=1271391610110685467, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1271160618791747662, language=EN, title=Complete mitochondrial genome assembly of Ceratoscopelus townsendi and phylogenetic analysis of the family Myctophidae, columnId=null, journalTitle=Journal of Fishery Sciences of China, columnName=null, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

The family Myctophidae plays a crucial role in marine pelagic fish communities. Ceratoscopelus townsendi, as a member of the genus Ceratoscopelus, is an important food source for numerous oceanic economic fish. It also serves as a biological pump connecting the upper and lower ocean layers, playing a key role in the active oceanic carbon cycle and food web of the Northwest Pacific. However, genomic research on this species is limited. To enrich the Myctophidae genomic database and improve species identification accuracy, we sequenced, assembled, and annotated the complete C. townsendi mitochondrial genome and conducted a phylogenetic analysis. The results showed that the total mitochondrial genome length was 17780 bp, containing 37 coding genes and 1 non-coding region. These genes were distributed across light (L) and heavy (H) strands, with gene overlaps and intergenic regions. Its genome structure was consistent with that of other Myctophidae species. Base composition analysis revealed an AT bias, with the top five most frequent codons being CCC (P), CCU (P), CUC (L), CUU (L), and CAC (H). The total length of protein-coding genes accounted for 57.9% of the genome, with codon usage preferences and distinct base biases across genes. tRNA genes were distributed on both H and L strands, with some duplications, while rRNA genes occupied specific regions with characteristic base compositions. Ka/Ks ratios of 13 protein-coding genes in the mitochondrial genomes of Myctophidae were all lower than 1, indicating purifying selection. Phylogenetic analysis showed that C. townsendi clustered closely with C. maderensis and was closely related to Bolinichthys, thereby clarifying its phylogenetic position within Myctophidae. This study enriches mitochondrial genomic information for Myctophidae, providing important data to support future research on species identification, phylogenetics, and biodiversity within this family.

, correspAuthors=Congcong WANG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Jingqi WANG, Yimeng LIU, Bilin LIU, Yang LIU, Congcong WANG), CN=ArticleExt(id=1271391614002999593, articleId=1271391610110685467, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1271160618791747662, language=CN, title=汤氏角灯鱼线粒体全基因组及灯笼鱼科系统发育分析, columnId=1271391555995767499, journalTitle=中国水产科学, columnName=研究论文, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

灯笼鱼科(Myctophidae)在海洋浮游鱼类群落中占据重要地位。为丰富灯笼鱼科鱼类数据库,提高该科物种鉴定准确性,本研究对灯笼鱼科角灯鱼属(Ceratoscopelus)的汤氏角灯鱼(Ceratoscopelus townsendi)进行线粒体全基因组测序、组装及注释,并基于此开展了系统发育分析。结果表明,汤氏角灯鱼线粒体基因组全长17780 bp,包含37个编码基因及一个非编码区,基因分布于轻链(L链)和重链(H链),存在基因重叠与间隔现象,其结构与其他灯笼鱼科鱼类线粒体基因组相同。碱基组成分析显示其呈AT偏倚,密码子使用频率前五位分别为CCC(P)、CCU(P)、CUC(L)、CUU(L)和CAC(H)。蛋白质编码基因总长占基因组57.9%,密码子使用存在偏好性,且各基因碱基偏倚性不同。tRNA基因分布于H链和L链,部分有双拷贝现象,rRNA基因位于特定位置且有相应碱基含量特征。灯笼鱼科鱼类线粒体的13个蛋白编码基因(protein-coding genes,PCGs)的Ka/Ks均小于1,表现出纯化选择。系统发育分析表明,汤氏角灯鱼与同属的马德拉角灯鱼(Ceratoscopelus maderensis)聚为一支,且与虹灯鱼属(Bolinichthys)鱼类关系较近,这一结果明确了汤氏角灯鱼在灯笼鱼科的系统发育地位。本研究丰富了灯笼鱼科鱼类线粒体基因组信息,为后续该科鱼类的物种鉴定、系统发育分析及多样性研究提供了重要数据支撑。

, correspAuthors=王丛丛, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
王丛丛,副教授,研究方向为环境DNA和种群遗传多样性. E-mail:
WANG Congcong. E-mail:
, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=北京中科期刊出版有限公司, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=c4weyI4byrdyiSaNEFHozw==, magXml=usNZMT/BTDEf6rUu06XtgQ==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=PyXLx9G59xKub/10LAQXsQ==, pdfFileSize=3210275, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=cAc/hO/LLLvenmMDJsQqnA==, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=tswlsjljxPeu8WpzEHE0aw==, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=

王景奇,男,硕士,研究方向为海洋生物学. E-mail:

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王景奇,男,硕士,研究方向为海洋生物学. E-mail:

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王景奇,男,硕士,研究方向为海洋生物学. E-mail:

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2Key Laboratory of Sustainable Exploitation of Oceanic Fisheries Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai 201306, China
3National Distant-water Fisheries Engineering Research Center, Shanghai 201306, China
4Key Laboratory of Sustainable Utilization of Oceanic Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai 201306, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1271391618323132752, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1271160618791747662, articleId=1271391610110685467, authorId=1271391617681404234, language=CN, stringName=刘必林, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, 2, 3, 4, address=1.上海海洋大学海洋生物资源与管理学院,上海 201306
2.大洋渔业资源可持续开发教育部重点实验室,上海 201306
3.国家远洋渔业工程技术研究中心,上海 201306
4.农业农村部大洋渔业可持续利用重点实验室,上海 201306, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1271391614355321131, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1271160618791747662, articleId=1271391610110685467, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1271391614514704684, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1271160618791747662, articleId=1271391610110685467, companyId=1271391614355321131, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1College of Marine Living Resource Sciences and Management, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1271391614523093293, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1271160618791747662, articleId=1271391610110685467, companyId=1271391614355321131, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.上海海洋大学海洋生物资源与管理学院,上海 201306)]), AuthorCompany(id=1271391614581813550, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1271160618791747662, articleId=1271391610110685467, xref=2, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1271391614590202159, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1271160618791747662, articleId=1271391610110685467, companyId=1271391614581813550, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2Key Laboratory of Sustainable Exploitation of Oceanic Fisheries Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai 201306, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1271391614594396464, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1271160618791747662, articleId=1271391610110685467, companyId=1271391614581813550, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.大洋渔业资源可持续开发教育部重点实验室,上海 201306)]), AuthorCompany(id=1271391616217592114, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1271160618791747662, articleId=1271391610110685467, xref=3, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1271391616225980723, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1271160618791747662, articleId=1271391610110685467, companyId=1271391616217592114, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3National Distant-water Fisheries Engineering Research Center, Shanghai 201306, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1271391616234369332, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1271160618791747662, articleId=1271391610110685467, companyId=1271391616217592114, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3.国家远洋渔业工程技术研究中心,上海 201306)]), AuthorCompany(id=1271391616305672502, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1271160618791747662, articleId=1271391610110685467, xref=4, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1271391616309866807, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1271160618791747662, articleId=1271391610110685467, companyId=1271391616305672502, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=4Key Laboratory of Sustainable Utilization of Oceanic Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai 201306, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1271391616318255416, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1271160618791747662, articleId=1271391610110685467, companyId=1271391616305672502, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=4.农业农村部大洋渔业可持续利用重点实验室,上海 201306)])]), Author(id=1271391618436378962, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1271160618791747662, articleId=1271391610110685467, orderNo=3, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1271391618818060629, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1271160618791747662, articleId=1271391610110685467, authorId=1271391618436378962, language=EN, stringName=Yang LIU, firstName=Yang, middleName=null, lastName=LIU, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, 5, address=1College of Marine Living Resource Sciences and Management, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
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2Key Laboratory of Sustainable Exploitation of Oceanic Fisheries Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai 201306, China
3National Distant-water Fisheries Engineering Research Center, Shanghai 201306, China
4Key Laboratory of Sustainable Utilization of Oceanic Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai 201306, China
5Marine Biomedical Science and Technology Innovation Platform of Lin-gang Special Area, Shanghai 201306, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1271391620940378463, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1271160618791747662, articleId=1271391610110685467, authorId=1271391620705497432, language=CN, stringName=王丛丛, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=*, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, *, address=1.上海海洋大学海洋生物资源与管理学院,上海 201306
2.大洋渔业资源可持续开发教育部重点实验室,上海 201306
3.国家远洋渔业工程技术研究中心,上海 201306
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Lin-gang Special Area, Shanghai 201306, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1271391616427307324, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1271160618791747662, articleId=1271391610110685467, companyId=1271391616414724410, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=5.临港新片区海洋生物医药科技创新型平台,上海 201306)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1271391623423406442, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1271160618791747662, articleId=1271391610110685467, language=EN, label=Fig. 1, caption=Sampling sites, figureFileSmall=YDYAsD7kzgn9JAyBlloZ4Q==, figureFileBig=cAc/hO/LLLvenmMDJsQqnA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1271391623767339371, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1271160618791747662, articleId=1271391610110685467, language=CN, label=图1, caption=采样站点信息图, figureFileSmall=YDYAsD7kzgn9JAyBlloZ4Q==, figureFileBig=cAc/hO/LLLvenmMDJsQqnA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1271391627173114220, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1271160618791747662, articleId=1271391610110685467, language=EN, label=Fig. 2, caption=Ceratoscopelus townsendi, figureFileSmall=CPd5hr64Zg1GVdCsvevgnA==, figureFileBig=HkV4i0oynK7gERfVcrPwYg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1271391627257000301, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1271160618791747662, articleId=1271391610110685467, language=CN, label=图2, caption=汤氏角灯鱼, figureFileSmall=CPd5hr64Zg1GVdCsvevgnA==, figureFileBig=HkV4i0oynK7gERfVcrPwYg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1271391627328303470, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1271160618791747662, articleId=1271391610110685467, language=EN, label=Fig. 3, caption=Complete mitochondrial genome of Ceratoscopelus townsendi, figureFileSmall=BwByFim0npOD4F7AkaahyQ==, figureFileBig=ZkvV4kbiHTO17yTrZtzWWQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1271391627407995247, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1271160618791747662, articleId=1271391610110685467, language=CN, label=图3, caption=汤氏角灯鱼线粒体全基因组, 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figureFileSmall=Wfj/W0LW8Qi3eFo4HhzLPQ==, figureFileBig=Al5kzitBWt/fa3f3a5IxUA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1271391627777094003, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1271160618791747662, articleId=1271391610110685467, language=CN, label=图5, caption=基于灯笼鱼科线粒体全基因组的系统进化树, figureFileSmall=Wfj/W0LW8Qi3eFo4HhzLPQ==, figureFileBig=Al5kzitBWt/fa3f3a5IxUA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1271391627848397172, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1271160618791747662, articleId=1271391610110685467, language=EN, label=Tab. 1, caption=

The studied Myctophidae complete mitochondrial genomes informations

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
属名genus种名species序列号GenBank no.
裸灯鱼属Gymnoscopelus尼氏裸灯鱼Gymnoscopelus nicholsiAP012250.1
克灯鱼属Krefftichthys安氏克灯鱼Krefftichthys anderssoniAP012236.1
炬灯鱼属Lampadena发光炬灯鱼Lampadena luminosaOP035240.1
杨氏炬灯鱼Lampadena yaquinaeAP012257.1
珍灯鱼属Lampanyctus鳄珍灯鱼Lampanyctus crocodilusAP012258.1
麦氏珍灯鱼Lampanyctus macdonaldiAP012241.1
天纽珍灯鱼Lampanyctus tenuiformisOP057084.2
叶灯鱼属Lobianchia日本叶灯鱼Lobianchia gemellariiAP012242.1
灯笼鱼属Myctophum金光灯笼鱼Myctophum affineAP002922.1
粗鳞灯笼鱼Myctophum asperumAP012234.1
闪光灯笼鱼Myctophum nitidulumAP012255.1
东方灯笼鱼Myctophum orientaleAP012254.1
斑点灯笼鱼Myctophum punctatumAP012239.1
短鳃灯鱼属Nannobrachium布氏短鳃灯鱼属Nannobrachium bristoriOP057083.2
宽鳍短鳃灯鱼属Nannobrachium ritteriAP012247.1
尖吻背灯鱼属Notolychnus尖吻背灯鱼Notolychnus valdiviaeAP012229.1
背灯鱼属Notoscopelus尾棘背灯鱼Notoscopelus caudispinosusAP012256.1
长体背灯鱼Notoscopelus elongatusAP012262.1
日本背灯鱼Notoscopelus japonicusAP012252.1
闪光背灯鱼Notoscopelus resplendensNC_083188.1
壁灯鱼属Stenobrachius白身臂灯鱼Stenobrachius leucopsarusON005617.1
标灯鱼属Symbolophorus长体标灯鱼Symbolophorus californiensisAP012246.1
太宁灯鱼属Taaningichthys后臀太宁灯鱼Taaningichthys minimusAP012244.1
泰勒灯鱼属Tarletonbeania细泰勒灯鱼Tarletonbeania crenularisON005618.1
尾灯鱼属Triphoturus墨西哥尾灯鱼Triphoturus mexicanusNC_037249.1
虹灯鱼属Bolinichthys后光虹灯鱼Bolinichthys distofaxAP012232.1
眶暗虹灯鱼Bolinichthys pyrsobolusAP012261.1
锦灯鱼属Centrobranchus椭锦灯鱼Centrobranchus chaerocephalusAP012237.1
角灯鱼属Ceratoscopelus马德拉角灯鱼Ceratoscopelus maderensisAP012259.1
金鼻眶灯鱼Diaphus chrysorhynchusAP012230.1
眶灯鱼属Diaphus菲利眶灯鱼Diaphus phillipsiOP057059.2
加州眶灯鱼Diaphus thetaON005612.1
光亮眶灯鱼Diaphus splendidusNC_003164.1
明灯鱼属Diogenichthys西明灯鱼Diogenichthys atlanticusAP012233.1
底灯鱼属Benthosema带底灯鱼属Benthosema fibulatumAP012253.1
冰底灯鱼Benthosema glacialeAP012264.1
七星底灯鱼Benthosema pterotumNC_047480.1
电灯鱼属Electrona南极电灯鱼Electrona antarcticaAP012248.1
卡氏电灯鱼Electrona carlsbergiNC_036348.1
), ArticleFig(id=1271391627915506037, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1271160618791747662, articleId=1271391610110685467, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

已有灯笼鱼科线粒体全基因组信息

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
属名genus种名species序列号GenBank no.
裸灯鱼属Gymnoscopelus尼氏裸灯鱼Gymnoscopelus nicholsiAP012250.1
克灯鱼属Krefftichthys安氏克灯鱼Krefftichthys anderssoniAP012236.1
炬灯鱼属Lampadena发光炬灯鱼Lampadena luminosaOP035240.1
杨氏炬灯鱼Lampadena yaquinaeAP012257.1
珍灯鱼属Lampanyctus鳄珍灯鱼Lampanyctus crocodilusAP012258.1
麦氏珍灯鱼Lampanyctus macdonaldiAP012241.1
天纽珍灯鱼Lampanyctus tenuiformisOP057084.2
叶灯鱼属Lobianchia日本叶灯鱼Lobianchia gemellariiAP012242.1
灯笼鱼属Myctophum金光灯笼鱼Myctophum affineAP002922.1
粗鳞灯笼鱼Myctophum asperumAP012234.1
闪光灯笼鱼Myctophum nitidulumAP012255.1
东方灯笼鱼Myctophum orientaleAP012254.1
斑点灯笼鱼Myctophum punctatumAP012239.1
短鳃灯鱼属Nannobrachium布氏短鳃灯鱼属Nannobrachium bristoriOP057083.2
宽鳍短鳃灯鱼属Nannobrachium ritteriAP012247.1
尖吻背灯鱼属Notolychnus尖吻背灯鱼Notolychnus valdiviaeAP012229.1
背灯鱼属Notoscopelus尾棘背灯鱼Notoscopelus caudispinosusAP012256.1
长体背灯鱼Notoscopelus elongatusAP012262.1
日本背灯鱼Notoscopelus japonicusAP012252.1
闪光背灯鱼Notoscopelus resplendensNC_083188.1
壁灯鱼属Stenobrachius白身臂灯鱼Stenobrachius leucopsarusON005617.1
标灯鱼属Symbolophorus长体标灯鱼Symbolophorus californiensisAP012246.1
太宁灯鱼属Taaningichthys后臀太宁灯鱼Taaningichthys minimusAP012244.1
泰勒灯鱼属Tarletonbeania细泰勒灯鱼Tarletonbeania crenularisON005618.1
尾灯鱼属Triphoturus墨西哥尾灯鱼Triphoturus mexicanusNC_037249.1
虹灯鱼属Bolinichthys后光虹灯鱼Bolinichthys distofaxAP012232.1
眶暗虹灯鱼Bolinichthys pyrsobolusAP012261.1
锦灯鱼属Centrobranchus椭锦灯鱼Centrobranchus chaerocephalusAP012237.1
角灯鱼属Ceratoscopelus马德拉角灯鱼Ceratoscopelus maderensisAP012259.1
金鼻眶灯鱼Diaphus chrysorhynchusAP012230.1
眶灯鱼属Diaphus菲利眶灯鱼Diaphus phillipsiOP057059.2
加州眶灯鱼Diaphus thetaON005612.1
光亮眶灯鱼Diaphus splendidusNC_003164.1
明灯鱼属Diogenichthys西明灯鱼Diogenichthys atlanticusAP012233.1
底灯鱼属Benthosema带底灯鱼属Benthosema fibulatumAP012253.1
冰底灯鱼Benthosema glacialeAP012264.1
七星底灯鱼Benthosema pterotumNC_047480.1
电灯鱼属Electrona南极电灯鱼Electrona antarcticaAP012248.1
卡氏电灯鱼Electrona carlsbergiNC_036348.1
), ArticleFig(id=1271391628011975030, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1271160618791747662, articleId=1271391610110685467, language=EN, label=Tab. 2, caption=

Locations and start/stop codons of mitochondrial genes in Ceratoscopelus townsendi

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
基因gene位置/bp position编码链coding strand长度/bp length起始密码子start codon终止密码子stop codon反密码子anticodon基因间隔/bp intergenic length
tRNA-Phe1–68H68  GAA
12S rRNA69–1019H951GTGTAA
tRNA-Val1020–1090H71  TAC
16S rRNA1091–2766H1676ATGTAG
tRNA-Leu2767–2840H74  TAA
ND12900–3874H975ATGTAA 58
tRNA-Ile3876–3944H69  GAT
tRNA-Gln3944–4014L71  TTG–1
tRNA-Met4014–4082H69  CAT–1
ND24083–5129H1047ATGTAG
tRNA-Trp5128–5198H71  TCA–2
tRNA-Ala5200–5268L69  TGC1
tRNA-Asn5270–5342L73  GTT1
tRNA-Tyr5431–5501L71  GTA8
tRNA-Cys5507–5572L66  GCA5
CO I5589–7148H1560GTGTAA 16
tRNA-Ser7152–7222L71  TGA3
tRNA-Asp7226–7293H68  GTC3
CO II7305–8003H699ATGTAA 11
tRNA-Lys7996–8069H74  TTT–8
ATP88071–8234H164ATGTAA 1
ATP68229–8912H684ATGTAA 6
CO III8930–9715H786ATGTA(A) 17
tRNA-Gly9715–9786H72  TCC–1
ND39787–10135H349ATGTGA
tRNA-Arg10137–10203H67  TCG1
ND4L10205–10501H297ATGTAA 1
ND410495–11880H1386ATGTGA –7
tRNA-His11876–11944H69  GTG–5
tRNA-Ser(2)11944–12014H71  GCT–1
tRNA-Leu(2)12026–12097H72  TAG11
ND512098–13936H1839ATGTAA
ND613937–14458L522GTGTAA
tRNA-Glu14459–14527L69  TCC
Cyt b14533–15673H1140ATGTGA 5
tRNA-Thr15674–15746H73  TGT
tRNA-Pro15853–15925L73  TGG6
D-loop15926–17781 1856    
), ArticleFig(id=1271391629651947895, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1271160618791747662, articleId=1271391610110685467, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

汤氏角灯鱼基因位置与起始终止密码子

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
基因gene位置/bp position编码链coding strand长度/bp length起始密码子start codon终止密码子stop codon反密码子anticodon基因间隔/bp intergenic length
tRNA-Phe1–68H68  GAA
12S rRNA69–1019H951GTGTAA
tRNA-Val1020–1090H71  TAC
16S rRNA1091–2766H1676ATGTAG
tRNA-Leu2767–2840H74  TAA
ND12900–3874H975ATGTAA 58
tRNA-Ile3876–3944H69  GAT
tRNA-Gln3944–4014L71  TTG–1
tRNA-Met4014–4082H69  CAT–1
ND24083–5129H1047ATGTAG
tRNA-Trp5128–5198H71  TCA–2
tRNA-Ala5200–5268L69  TGC1
tRNA-Asn5270–5342L73  GTT1
tRNA-Tyr5431–5501L71  GTA8
tRNA-Cys5507–5572L66  GCA5
CO I5589–7148H1560GTGTAA 16
tRNA-Ser7152–7222L71  TGA3
tRNA-Asp7226–7293H68  GTC3
CO II7305–8003H699ATGTAA 11
tRNA-Lys7996–8069H74  TTT–8
ATP88071–8234H164ATGTAA 1
ATP68229–8912H684ATGTAA 6
CO III8930–9715H786ATGTA(A) 17
tRNA-Gly9715–9786H72  TCC–1
ND39787–10135H349ATGTGA
tRNA-Arg10137–10203H67  TCG1
ND4L10205–10501H297ATGTAA 1
ND410495–11880H1386ATGTGA –7
tRNA-His11876–11944H69  GTG–5
tRNA-Ser(2)11944–12014H71  GCT–1
tRNA-Leu(2)12026–12097H72  TAG11
ND512098–13936H1839ATGTAA
ND613937–14458L522GTGTAA
tRNA-Glu14459–14527L69  TCC
Cyt b14533–15673H1140ATGTGA 5
tRNA-Thr15674–15746H73  TGT
tRNA-Pro15853–15925L73  TGG6
D-loop15926–17781 1856    
), ArticleFig(id=1271391629760999800, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1271160618791747662, articleId=1271391610110685467, language=EN, label=Tab. 3, caption=

Base composition of mitochondrial genes of Ceratoscopelus townsendi

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
基因geneT(U)CAGA+TG+C总计totalAT–skewGC–skew
全基因组all24.6730.9525.4018.9850.0749.93177810.01–0.24
tRNA-Phe17.6525.0032.3525.0050.0050.00680.290.00
12S rRNA18.9728.4129.6622.9648.6451.369540.22–0.11
tRNA-Val19.7228.1729.5822.5449.3050.70710.20–0.11
16S rRNA19.6326.9731.6221.7851.2548.7516760.23–0.11
tRNA-Leu24.3225.6825.6824.3250.0050.00740.03–0.03
ND127.5933.9518.7719.6946.3653.64975–0.19–0.27
tRNA-Ile24.6421.7427.5426.0952.1747.83690.060.09
tRNA-Gln21.1329.5829.5819.7250.7049.30710.17–0.20
tRNA-Met27.5424.6428.9918.8456.5243.48690.03–0.13
ND225.5036.7721.2016.5246.7053.301047–0.09–0.38
tRNA-Trp16.9025.3533.8023.9450.7049.30710.33–0.03
tRNA-Ala26.0927.5430.4315.9456.5243.48690.08–0.27
tRNA-Asn20.5530.1430.1419.1850.6849.32730.19–0.22
tRNA-Tyr22.5425.3532.3919.7254.9345.07710.18–0.13
tRNA-Cys24.2427.2724.2424.2448.4851.52660.00–0.06
CO I28.3328.9723.5919.1051.9248.081560–0.09–0.21
tRNA-Ser21.1330.9928.1719.7249.3050.70710.14–0.22
tRNA-Asp25.0022.0632.3520.5957.3542.65680.13–0.03
CO II24.7530.4727.6117.1752.3647.646990.05–0.28
tRNA-Lys24.3224.3229.7321.6254.0545.95740.10–0.06
ATP823.8133.9330.3611.9054.1745.831680.12–0.48
ATP628.0733.4823.5414.9151.6148.39684–0.09–0.38
CO III26.7531.5924.0817.5850.8349.17785–0.05–0.28
tRNA-Gly31.9418.0633.3316.6765.2834.72720.02–0.04
ND332.6630.6619.4817.1952.1547.85349–0.25–0.28
tRNA-Arg23.1926.0926.0924.6449.2850.72690.06–0.03
ND4L26.2135.1720.6917.9346.9053.10290–0.12–0.32
ND427.0132.8022.0118.1849.0250.981381–0.10–0.29
tRNA-His30.4318.8434.7815.9465.2234.78690.07–0.08
tRNA-Ser(2)18.2935.3725.6120.7343.9056.10820.17–0.26
tRNA-Leu(2)23.6120.8333.3322.2256.9443.06720.170.03
ND525.9933.3324.0316.6450.0349.971839–0.04–0.33
ND616.6733.5230.4619.3547.1352.875220.29–0.27
tRNA-Glu26.0924.6436.2313.0462.3237.68690.16–0.31
Cyt b27.3432.8722.5217.2749.8750.131141–0.10–0.31
tRNA-Thr26.0324.6621.9227.4047.9552.0573–0.090.05
tRNA-Pro24.6630.1426.0319.1850.6849.32730.03–0.22
平均average25.0231.1325.1618.6950.1849.824230.00–0.25
), ArticleFig(id=1271391629844885881, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1271160618791747662, articleId=1271391610110685467, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

汤氏角灯鱼线粒体基因碱基组成

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
基因geneT(U)CAGA+TG+C总计totalAT–skewGC–skew
全基因组all24.6730.9525.4018.9850.0749.93177810.01–0.24
tRNA-Phe17.6525.0032.3525.0050.0050.00680.290.00
12S rRNA18.9728.4129.6622.9648.6451.369540.22–0.11
tRNA-Val19.7228.1729.5822.5449.3050.70710.20–0.11
16S rRNA19.6326.9731.6221.7851.2548.7516760.23–0.11
tRNA-Leu24.3225.6825.6824.3250.0050.00740.03–0.03
ND127.5933.9518.7719.6946.3653.64975–0.19–0.27
tRNA-Ile24.6421.7427.5426.0952.1747.83690.060.09
tRNA-Gln21.1329.5829.5819.7250.7049.30710.17–0.20
tRNA-Met27.5424.6428.9918.8456.5243.48690.03–0.13
ND225.5036.7721.2016.5246.7053.301047–0.09–0.38
tRNA-Trp16.9025.3533.8023.9450.7049.30710.33–0.03
tRNA-Ala26.0927.5430.4315.9456.5243.48690.08–0.27
tRNA-Asn20.5530.1430.1419.1850.6849.32730.19–0.22
tRNA-Tyr22.5425.3532.3919.7254.9345.07710.18–0.13
tRNA-Cys24.2427.2724.2424.2448.4851.52660.00–0.06
CO I28.3328.9723.5919.1051.9248.081560–0.09–0.21
tRNA-Ser21.1330.9928.1719.7249.3050.70710.14–0.22
tRNA-Asp25.0022.0632.3520.5957.3542.65680.13–0.03
CO II24.7530.4727.6117.1752.3647.646990.05–0.28
tRNA-Lys24.3224.3229.7321.6254.0545.95740.10–0.06
ATP823.8133.9330.3611.9054.1745.831680.12–0.48
ATP628.0733.4823.5414.9151.6148.39684–0.09–0.38
CO III26.7531.5924.0817.5850.8349.17785–0.05–0.28
tRNA-Gly31.9418.0633.3316.6765.2834.72720.02–0.04
ND332.6630.6619.4817.1952.1547.85349–0.25–0.28
tRNA-Arg23.1926.0926.0924.6449.2850.72690.06–0.03
ND4L26.2135.1720.6917.9346.9053.10290–0.12–0.32
ND427.0132.8022.0118.1849.0250.981381–0.10–0.29
tRNA-His30.4318.8434.7815.9465.2234.78690.07–0.08
tRNA-Ser(2)18.2935.3725.6120.7343.9056.10820.17–0.26
tRNA-Leu(2)23.6120.8333.3322.2256.9443.06720.170.03
ND525.9933.3324.0316.6450.0349.971839–0.04–0.33
ND616.6733.5230.4619.3547.1352.875220.29–0.27
tRNA-Glu26.0924.6436.2313.0462.3237.68690.16–0.31
Cyt b27.3432.8722.5217.2749.8750.131141–0.10–0.31
tRNA-Thr26.0324.6621.9227.4047.9552.0573–0.090.05
tRNA-Pro24.6630.1426.0319.1850.6849.32730.03–0.22
平均average25.0231.1325.1618.6950.1849.824230.00–0.25
), ArticleFig(id=1271391629920383354, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1271160618791747662, articleId=1271391610110685467, language=EN, label=Tab. 4, caption=

Codon usage frequency of mitochondrial-encoded proteins in Ceratoscopelus townsendi

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
氨基酸amino acid密码子codon使用次数count相对同义密码子使用度relative synonymous codon usage氨基酸amino acid密码子codon使用次数count相对同义密码子使用度relative synonymous codon usage
Phe(F)UUU810.75Tyr(Y)UAU730.86
 UUC1341.25 UAC961.14
Leu(L)UUA1120.88His(H)CAU990.82
 UUG840.66 CAC1431.18
 CUU1571.24Gln(Q)CAA1211.08
 CUC1631.29 CAG1030.92
 CUA1301.02Asn(N)AAU800.78
 CUG1150.91 AAC1251.22
Ile(I)AUU811.03Lys(K)AAA1170.98
 AUC921.16 AAG1211.02
 AUA640.81Asp(D)GAU520.74
Met(M)AUG861 GAC881.26
Val(V)GUU521.03Glu(E)GAA881.15
 GUC591.17 GAG650.85
 GUA531.05Gly(G)UGU540.83
 GUG370.74 UGC761.17
Ser(S)UCU1091.14 GGU490.72
 UCC1181.23 GGC981.45
 UCA1021.06 GGA580.86
 UCG930.97 GGG660.97
 AGU670.7Trp(W)UGG761
 AGC870.91Arg(R)CGU590.93
Pro(P)CCU1981.29 CGC831.3
 CCC2001.3 CGA630.99
 CCA1400.91 CGG651.02
 CCG770.5 AGA560.88
Thr(T)ACU1050.97 AGG560.88
 ACC1491.38*UAA1091.18
 ACA1191.1 UAG570.62
 ACG590.55 UGA1111.2
Ala(A)GCU861.16 
 GCC1111.49 
 GCA720.97 
 GCG280.38     
), ArticleFig(id=1271391630004269435, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1271160618791747662, articleId=1271391610110685467, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

汤氏角灯鱼线粒体编码蛋白密码子使用频率

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
氨基酸amino acid密码子codon使用次数count相对同义密码子使用度relative synonymous codon usage氨基酸amino acid密码子codon使用次数count相对同义密码子使用度relative synonymous codon usage
Phe(F)UUU810.75Tyr(Y)UAU730.86
 UUC1341.25 UAC961.14
Leu(L)UUA1120.88His(H)CAU990.82
 UUG840.66 CAC1431.18
 CUU1571.24Gln(Q)CAA1211.08
 CUC1631.29 CAG1030.92
 CUA1301.02Asn(N)AAU800.78
 CUG1150.91 AAC1251.22
Ile(I)AUU811.03Lys(K)AAA1170.98
 AUC921.16 AAG1211.02
 AUA640.81Asp(D)GAU520.74
Met(M)AUG861 GAC881.26
Val(V)GUU521.03Glu(E)GAA881.15
 GUC591.17 GAG650.85
 GUA531.05Gly(G)UGU540.83
 GUG370.74 UGC761.17
Ser(S)UCU1091.14 GGU490.72
 UCC1181.23 GGC981.45
 UCA1021.06 GGA580.86
 UCG930.97 GGG660.97
 AGU670.7Trp(W)UGG761
 AGC870.91Arg(R)CGU590.93
Pro(P)CCU1981.29 CGC831.3
 CCC2001.3 CGA630.99
 CCA1400.91 CGG651.02
 CCG770.5 AGA560.88
Thr(T)ACU1050.97 AGG560.88
 ACC1491.38*UAA1091.18
 ACA1191.1 UAG570.62
 ACG590.55 UGA1111.2
Ala(A)GCU861.16 
 GCC1111.49 
 GCA720.97 
 GCG280.38     
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汤氏角灯鱼线粒体全基因组及灯笼鱼科系统发育分析
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王景奇 1 , 刘乙蒙 1 , 刘必林 1, 2, 3, 4 , 刘洋 1, 5 , 王丛丛 *, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, *
中国水产科学 | 研究论文 2025,32(12): 1808-1821
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中国水产科学 | 研究论文 2025, 32(12): 1808-1821
汤氏角灯鱼线粒体全基因组及灯笼鱼科系统发育分析
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王景奇1 , 刘乙蒙1, 刘必林1, 2, 3, 4, 刘洋1, 5, 王丛丛*, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, *
作者信息
  • 1.上海海洋大学海洋生物资源与管理学院,上海 201306
  • 2.大洋渔业资源可持续开发教育部重点实验室,上海 201306
  • 3.国家远洋渔业工程技术研究中心,上海 201306
  • 4.农业农村部大洋渔业可持续利用重点实验室,上海 201306
  • 5.临港新片区海洋生物医药科技创新型平台,上海 201306
  • 王景奇,男,硕士,研究方向为海洋生物学. E-mail:

通讯作者:

王丛丛,副教授,研究方向为环境DNA和种群遗传多样性. E-mail:
WANG Congcong. E-mail:
Complete mitochondrial genome assembly of Ceratoscopelus townsendi and phylogenetic analysis of the family Myctophidae
Jingqi WANG1 , Yimeng LIU1, Bilin LIU1, 2, 3, 4, Yang LIU1, 5, Congcong WANG1, 2, 3, 4, 5
Affiliations
  • 1College of Marine Living Resource Sciences and Management, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
  • 2Key Laboratory of Sustainable Exploitation of Oceanic Fisheries Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai 201306, China
  • 3National Distant-water Fisheries Engineering Research Center, Shanghai 201306, China
  • 4Key Laboratory of Sustainable Utilization of Oceanic Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai 201306, China
  • 5Marine Biomedical Science and Technology Innovation Platform of Lin-gang Special Area, Shanghai 201306, China
doi: 10.12264/JFSC2025-0144
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灯笼鱼科(Myctophidae)在海洋浮游鱼类群落中占据重要地位。为丰富灯笼鱼科鱼类数据库,提高该科物种鉴定准确性,本研究对灯笼鱼科角灯鱼属(Ceratoscopelus)的汤氏角灯鱼(Ceratoscopelus townsendi)进行线粒体全基因组测序、组装及注释,并基于此开展了系统发育分析。结果表明,汤氏角灯鱼线粒体基因组全长17780 bp,包含37个编码基因及一个非编码区,基因分布于轻链(L链)和重链(H链),存在基因重叠与间隔现象,其结构与其他灯笼鱼科鱼类线粒体基因组相同。碱基组成分析显示其呈AT偏倚,密码子使用频率前五位分别为CCC(P)、CCU(P)、CUC(L)、CUU(L)和CAC(H)。蛋白质编码基因总长占基因组57.9%,密码子使用存在偏好性,且各基因碱基偏倚性不同。tRNA基因分布于H链和L链,部分有双拷贝现象,rRNA基因位于特定位置且有相应碱基含量特征。灯笼鱼科鱼类线粒体的13个蛋白编码基因(protein-coding genes,PCGs)的Ka/Ks均小于1,表现出纯化选择。系统发育分析表明,汤氏角灯鱼与同属的马德拉角灯鱼(Ceratoscopelus maderensis)聚为一支,且与虹灯鱼属(Bolinichthys)鱼类关系较近,这一结果明确了汤氏角灯鱼在灯笼鱼科的系统发育地位。本研究丰富了灯笼鱼科鱼类线粒体基因组信息,为后续该科鱼类的物种鉴定、系统发育分析及多样性研究提供了重要数据支撑。

汤氏角灯鱼  /  线粒体基因组  /  系统发育分析  /  基因结构  /  碱基组成

The family Myctophidae plays a crucial role in marine pelagic fish communities. Ceratoscopelus townsendi, as a member of the genus Ceratoscopelus, is an important food source for numerous oceanic economic fish. It also serves as a biological pump connecting the upper and lower ocean layers, playing a key role in the active oceanic carbon cycle and food web of the Northwest Pacific. However, genomic research on this species is limited. To enrich the Myctophidae genomic database and improve species identification accuracy, we sequenced, assembled, and annotated the complete C. townsendi mitochondrial genome and conducted a phylogenetic analysis. The results showed that the total mitochondrial genome length was 17780 bp, containing 37 coding genes and 1 non-coding region. These genes were distributed across light (L) and heavy (H) strands, with gene overlaps and intergenic regions. Its genome structure was consistent with that of other Myctophidae species. Base composition analysis revealed an AT bias, with the top five most frequent codons being CCC (P), CCU (P), CUC (L), CUU (L), and CAC (H). The total length of protein-coding genes accounted for 57.9% of the genome, with codon usage preferences and distinct base biases across genes. tRNA genes were distributed on both H and L strands, with some duplications, while rRNA genes occupied specific regions with characteristic base compositions. Ka/Ks ratios of 13 protein-coding genes in the mitochondrial genomes of Myctophidae were all lower than 1, indicating purifying selection. Phylogenetic analysis showed that C. townsendi clustered closely with C. maderensis and was closely related to Bolinichthys, thereby clarifying its phylogenetic position within Myctophidae. This study enriches mitochondrial genomic information for Myctophidae, providing important data to support future research on species identification, phylogenetics, and biodiversity within this family.

Ceratoscopelus townsendi  /  mitochondrial genome  /  phylogenetic analysis  /  gene structure  /  base composition
王景奇, 刘乙蒙, 刘必林, 刘洋, 王丛丛. 汤氏角灯鱼线粒体全基因组及灯笼鱼科系统发育分析. 中国水产科学, 2025 , 32 (12) : 1808 -1821 . DOI: 10.12264/JFSC2025-0144
Jingqi WANG, Yimeng LIU, Bilin LIU, Yang LIU, Congcong WANG. Complete mitochondrial genome assembly of Ceratoscopelus townsendi and phylogenetic analysis of the family Myctophidae[J]. Journal of Fishery Sciences of China, 2025 , 32 (12) : 1808 -1821 . DOI: 10.12264/JFSC2025-0144
灯笼鱼科(Myctophidae)鱼类因身体上有形似灯笼能发光的小圆形发光器而得名。其体型通常较小,延长且侧扁,是海洋中深层水域物种多样性最高的鱼类类群之一[1],涵盖34属逾250种,其生物量占全球中层鱼类总量的75%[2]。灯笼鱼科在大洋食物链中占据中层生态位,夜间它们集群上浮至表层水域捕食浮游生物和小型无脊椎动物[3-6],通过摄食和排泄活动将碳元素从表层带到深海,对海洋碳循环起关键作用。同时也被大型海洋哺乳类和海鸟捕食[7-8],是维持海洋生态系统能量流动的重要中间环节。近年来,随着西北太平洋渔业资源开发的深入,灯笼鱼科鱼类凭借其丰富的资源储量[9]与较高的蛋白质含量[10]展现出巨大的商业开发潜力。
正确的物种鉴定是实现海洋鱼类资源可持续开发和高效利用的科学基础[11]。传统灯笼鱼科物种鉴定主要依赖发光器,鳍条等形态特征[12-13],但这些特征在捕捞过程中易损坏脱落,且灯笼鱼科同属鱼类形态学相近,易导致鉴定误差。而DNA条形码技术不依赖样本外形完整性,可对形态模糊或高度相似样本进行精确鉴定。该技术需依托完整DNA序列数据库,其中线粒体全基因组测序因覆盖编码区和非编码区,具备单倍体遗传、无重组和进化速率适中等特性,在物种分类鉴定与进化研究中得到广泛应用。但其结果仍需结合核基因组数据与形态学证据加以验证,以获得更全面和可靠的结论。目前已有学者对七星底灯鱼(Benthosema pterotum[14]和卡氏电灯鱼(Electrona carlsbergi[15]等灯笼鱼科物种开展了线粒体全基因组测序与系统发育分析,这些研究为后续灯笼鱼科物种鉴定和分子进化研究提供了数据基础,对灯笼鱼科的生物资源评估与种群遗传学研究提供了重要资源。
西北太平洋是我国远洋渔业的核心作业海域。由于亲潮寒流与黑潮暖流的交汇作用[16],该海域饵料生物丰富,形成多种经济鱼类的渔场[17-18]。汤氏角灯鱼(Ceratoscopelus townsendi)隶属于灯笼鱼科角灯鱼属(Ceratoscopelus),广泛分布于西北太平洋海域,与其他灯笼鱼科鱼类在该海域海洋生态系统的运转中扮演着关键角色。然而目前针对汤氏角灯鱼在分子生物学层面以及系统进化地位的研究较为匮乏,尚未开展对其遗传信息的相关分析工作。根据美国国家生物技术信息中心(NCBI)数据库,近十余年来已上传约60种灯笼鱼科鱼类的线粒体序列数据。尽管数量已有显著增加,但与该科数百种已知物种的丰富多样性相比,高质量的线粒体全基因组信息仍然相对匮乏,在一定程度上制约了分子鉴定的精确性及进化历史构建的可靠性。
本研究利用高通量测序技术获得了汤氏角灯鱼的线粒体全基因组序列,并对其蛋白编码基因的AT偏斜值和密码子使用频率进行分析,以揭示其基因组特征。在此基础上,结合数据库中其他灯笼鱼科物种的线粒体序列,构建系统发育树,以明确汤氏角灯鱼在灯笼鱼科中的系统进化地位。本研究不仅补充了灯笼鱼科的线粒体基因组数据,也为该科物种鉴定、系统发育分析及西北太平洋海域的生物资源评估和管理提供重要数据支撑。
本实验汤氏角灯鱼样本由上海海洋大学“淞航”号科考船于2022年6—7月采集于西北太平洋海域,随后立即保存于‒80℃冰箱运回实验室。从灯笼鱼样本较为丰富的5个采样站点中,选取T33站点(162°00′23″E,41°59′48″N,图1)作为本研究采样站点。所有汤氏角灯鱼(图2)经现场分拣后,立即保存于‒80 ℃冰箱运回实验室。剪取样本尾部肌肉20 mg,采用改进酚-氯仿法进行基因组DNA提取,产物经0.8%琼脂糖凝胶电泳检测后,送至上海迈浦生物信息科技有限公司测序。
DNA样品送至上海迈浦生物信息科技有限公司进行高通量测序。样品检测合格后,用超声破碎法将基因组DNA随机打断成350 bp的片段,对DNA片段末端进行修复,在3′端加A碱基和测序接头。之后对选择的片段进行PCR扩增,对产物进行纯化并去除接头污染后,完成测序文库的构建。文库经质检合格后基于SBS(sequencing by synthesis,边合成边测序)技术和Illumina HiSeq平台进行双向测序,针对鱼类线粒体测序深度为403×,样本实测数据量为5 G。过滤测序数据中的低质量读数和接头序列。使用DBG(De-Brunijn-Graph)算法读取二代数据,利用SPAdes v3软件对线粒体全基因组进行组装并生成圈图,借助Geneious Prime软件完成基因的定位和注释,最后通过进一步与GenBank数据库中已公布的灯笼鱼科鱼类线粒体全基因组序列进行人工比对校正。
使用MEGA软件对NCBI下载的灯笼鱼科鱼类线粒体全基因组(表1)进行比对,同时结合NCBI-Blast工具识别组装所得序列基因结构。使用SwissProt(http://www.uniprot.org/),Pfam(http://pfam.xfam.org/)KEGG(http://www.genome.jp/kegg/)和InterPro(https://www.ebi.ac.uk/interpro/)等对蛋白质编码基因进行比对识别;使用tRNAscan-SE(http://lowelab.ucsc.edu/tRNAscan-SE/)软件比对tRNA基因、预测具体位置;由于rRNA基因的高保守性,因此使用Blast工具将测得序列与同源性较高物种进行比对定位;使用Tandem Repeats Finder软件鉴定控制区位置。
使用Clustal X软件比对结果定位线粒体全基因组功能区、保守区与突变区。利用MEGA 7.0分别计算汤氏角灯鱼线粒体基因组中各编码基因的碱基组成、密码子使用频率及碱基偏倚。同时为了更好地了解灯笼鱼科物种蛋白质编码基因所受的选择压力强弱,本研究从灯笼鱼科下选取10个物种为代表来研究灯笼鱼科线粒体基因组的选择压力,这10个物种包括角灯鱼属的汤氏角灯鱼(Ceratoscopelus townsendi克灯鱼属的安氏克灯鱼(Krefftichthys anderssoni叶灯鱼属的日本叶灯鱼(Lobianchia gemellarii短鳃灯鱼属的宽鳍短鳃灯鱼(Nannobrachium ritteri泰勒灯鱼属的细泰勒灯鱼(Tarletonbeania crenularis虹灯鱼属的后光虹灯鱼(Bolinichthys distofax)和眶暗虹灯鱼(Bolinichthys pyrsobolus电灯鱼属的南极电灯鱼(Electrona antarctica)和卡氏电灯鱼(Electrona carlsbergi),灯笼鱼属的金光灯笼鱼(Myctophum affine)。采用DNAsp 6.0软件计算它们的同义替换率(Ks)和非同义替换率(Ka)及其比值,计算不考虑终止密码子。
为研究汤氏角灯鱼在灯笼鱼科的系统发育地位,利用线粒体全基因组进行系统发育分析。选取测序所得汤氏角灯鱼线粒体全基因组以及NCBI数据库中40种灯笼鱼科鱼类线粒体全基因组作为参考序列,以大鳞新灯鱼(Neoscopelus macrolepidotus)为外群,采用NJ法和ML法构建系统进化树。使用MEGA 11软件对41条灯笼鱼科线粒体全基因组序列进行剪切比对构建系统进化树。
本研究获得汤氏角灯鱼线粒体基因组全长17780 bp,整体呈现典型双链环状结构(图3),结构高度保守符合典型鱼类线粒体基因组结构,其中包含22个tRNA;13个蛋白质编码基因(protein-coding genes,PCGs):2个ATP酶亚基(ATP6ATP8)、3个细胞色素C氧化酶(CO I、CO II、CO III)、7个脱氢酶亚基(ND1ND2、ND3ND4ND4LND5ND6)和1个细胞色素B(Cyt b);2个rRNA(12S rRNA、16S rRNA)共37个基因以及一个大的非编码区,与其他海洋鱼类线粒体基因组典型基因组成一致。在鱼类线粒体基因组中环状DNA分子双螺旋中存在两条链,其中编码基因较少密度较低称之为轻链(L链),编码基因多密度高的称之为重链(H链)。由表2可得在汤氏角灯鱼线粒体全基因组中除ND6、tRNA-Gln、tRNA-Ala、tRNA-Asn、tRNA-Tyr、tRNA-Cys、tRNA-Ser、tRNA-Glu、tRNA-Pro基因位于L链上外,其余基因均编码于H链。此外,汤氏角灯鱼线粒体基因组中也存在基因重叠与基因间隔现象,具体表现为17个1~58 bp的基因间隔以及8个1~8 bp的基因重叠。17个基因间隔区中最大间隔出现在tRNA-Leu与ND1间(58 bp),8个基因重叠区中最大基因重叠出现在CO II基因与tRNA-Lys间(8 bp)。
表3可得,汤氏角灯鱼线粒体全基因组A+T碱基含量占50.07%,C+G碱基含量占49.93%,呈轻度A+T偏倚,与典型海水鱼类碱基偏倚性一致,在基因组中16S rRNA、CO I、CO II、ATP6ATP8、CO II、ND3ND5、tRNA-Ile、tRNA-Gln、tRNA-Met、tRNA-Trp、tRNA-Ala、tRNA-Asn、tRNA-Tyr、tRNA-Asp、tRNA-Lys、tRNA-Gly、tRNA-His、tRNA-Leu(2)、tRNA-Glu、tRNA-Pro均呈现A+T偏倚,其中tRNA-Gly(65.28%)最大;其余基因呈现C+G偏倚,tRNA-Ser(2)(56.10%)最大。根据AT-skew与GC-skew值可得,线粒体全基因组中AT-skew为正值(0.01),GC-skew为负值(‒0.24),表明线粒体全基因组中整体呈现AC碱基偏好。然而整个基因组中不同基因存在不同的碱基偏好,整个基因组中2个rRNA基因、CO II基因、ATP8基因、ND6基因与21个tRNA(除tRNA-Thr)的AT-skew均为正值,偏好A碱基,其余均为负值偏好T碱基。而汤氏角灯鱼线粒体基因中,除3个位于重链上的tRNA [tRNA-Ile、tRNA-Leu(2)、tRNA-Thr]的GC-skew为正值,tRNA-Phe等于0外,其余GC-skew均为负值,呈现C碱基偏倚。
表4可得,汤氏角灯鱼线粒体全基因组PCGs总长为10308 bp,占线粒体全基因组全长的57.9%。使用最频繁的密码子为CCC(P)、CCU(P)、CUC(L)、CUU(L),使用较少的密码子为GCG(A)、GUG(V)、GGU(G)和GUU(V),也可从侧面说明C碱基的偏好性。
在所有蛋白质编码基因中CO I最长(1560 bp),ND4L最短(297 bp)。除12S rRNA、CO I和ND6基因使用GTG作为起始密码子外,其余蛋白质编码基因均使用ATG作为起始密码子。CO III以不完整的TA(A)为终止密码子,ND2使用TAG作为终止密码子,ND3ND4使用TGA作为终止密码子,其余蛋白质编码基因均使用TAA作为终止密码子,与鱼类线粒体基因组普遍使用的终止密码子一致。
表3可得,汤氏角灯鱼线粒体全基因组蛋白质编码基因碱基偏倚性不同,在11440 bp长的蛋白质编码基因中,总AT碱基含量为49.93%。总CG碱基含量为50.07%,总体较为均衡,但是CG碱基含量略高于AT碱基含量。其中T碱基含量最高的为ND3(32.66%),含量最低的为ND6(16.67%);C碱基含量最高的为ND2(36.77%),含量最低的为CO I(28.97%),此外可得细胞色素C氧化酶的C碱基含量均较低;A碱基含量最高为ND6(30.46%),含量最低为ND1(18.77%);G碱基总体含量较低,含量最高基因为ND1(19.69%),含量最低为ATP8(11.9%);AT碱基含量最高为ATP8(54.17%),含量最低为ND1(46.36%);CG碱基含量最高为ND1(53.64%),最低含量为ATP8(45.83%)。AT碱基与CG碱基含量最高与最低基因为ND1ATP8,与已报道鱼类线粒体全基因组碱基组成一致。由密码子碱基组成可得,不同密码子对碱基使用有明显偏好性,第一密码子中碱基含量较为均匀,但仍可看出C偏倚(28.8%)与反T偏倚(20%),第二密码子中T碱基含量最高(38%),G碱基含量最低(13.8%);第三密码子中C碱基含量最高(41.2%)。G碱基含量最低(13.3%),呈现明显C偏倚与反G偏倚。
通过AT-skew值与GC-skew值计算可知除ATP8与CO II基因AT-skew值为正值,其余AT-skew与GC-skew值均为负值,可以看出蛋白质编码基因总体呈现TC偏倚。
汤氏角灯鱼22个tRNA基因长度范围为66~74 bp,在H链与L中均有分布,其中tRNA-Leu与tRNA-Ser存在双拷贝现象,其余tRNA基因均为单拷贝形式。12S rRNA位于tRNA-Phe和tRNA-Val间长度为951 bp;16S rRNA位于tRNA-Val与tRNA-Leu中间,长度为1676 bp,均位于H链,前后无基因间隔与基因重叠现象出现。rRNA基因中12S rRNA中A+T碱基含量小于C+G碱基含量(51.36%),16S rRNA A+T(51.25%)碱基含量大于C+G碱基含量(48.75%),两种rRNA基因GC-skew值相等均为–0.11,呈现C碱基偏倚,AT-skew值16S rRNA(0.23)大于12S rRNA(0.22),但均大于0,A碱基含量较高。
通过对所选物种的每一个蛋白质编码基因的同义替换值(Ka)和非同义替换值(Ks)以及其比值进行计算。发现13个蛋白质编码基因的Ka/Ks值在0.0378(ND1)和0.2100(ATP8)之间,均小于1,表现出纯化选择(purify selection)(图4)。13个蛋白质编码基因的Ka/Ks值由小到大分别为ND1,CO I,CO II,ND4L,CO III,Cyt bND3ND4ATP6ND5ND2ND6ATP8基因(平均值分别为0.0378,0.0399,0.0423,0.0426,0.0445,0.0460,0.0463,0.0625,0.0722,0.0819,0.0841,0.0922,0.2100),说明这些基因在进化过程中受到的选择压力逐渐减弱。
为进一步探究汤氏角灯鱼的系统发育地位,基于已报道21属40种灯笼鱼科鱼类及自测汤氏角灯鱼线粒体全基因组,以大鳞新灯鱼为外群,使用NJ法和ML法构建系统进化树(图5)。两种建树方法所得系统进化树拓扑结构基本一致,大多数节点均获得较高的支持率。NJ进化树有28个节点支持率大于97%,ML进化树有23个节点支持率为100%,仅有两个节点的支持率小于93%。在属级关系方面,本研究测定的汤氏角灯鱼以100%的支持率与同属的马德拉角灯鱼(Ceratoscopelus maderensis),以及虹灯鱼属(Bolinichthys)的后光虹灯鱼(Bolinichthys distofax)和眶暗虹灯鱼(Bolinichthys pyrsobolus)聚为一支,显示角灯鱼属与虹灯鱼属之间具有较近的亲缘关系。除该分支外,背灯鱼属(Notoscopelus)与裸灯鱼属(Gymnoscopelus)聚为一支;灯笼鱼属,标灯鱼属(Symbolophorus),泰勒灯鱼属与锦灯鱼属(Centrobranchus)聚为一支;克灯鱼属与电灯鱼属聚为一支;炬灯鱼属(Lampadena)与太宁灯鱼属(Taaningichthys)聚为一支;珍灯鱼属(Lampanyctus),短鳃灯鱼属,壁灯鱼属(Stenobrachius)与尾灯鱼属(Triphoturus)聚为一支;明灯鱼属(Diogenichthys)与底灯鱼属(Benthosema)聚为一支;尖吻背灯鱼属(Notolychnus)单独为一支。但在叶灯鱼属与眶灯鱼属的系统发育关系上,NJ进化树显示二者聚为一支,而ML进化树中叶灯鱼属和眶灯鱼属分别单独聚为一支。
线粒体基因组由于进化速率快、结构简单和母系遗传等优点被广泛应用于物种鉴定、系统进化分析等领域。随着测序技术的发展,越来越多的鱼类线粒体基因组测序完成[19-21]。本研究利用高通量测序技术对汤氏角灯鱼线粒体全基因组进行测序,获得完整的汤氏角灯鱼序列,其结构特点与灯笼鱼目(Myctophiformes)基因组序列的结构特点一致:DNA分子双螺旋含有H链与L链,链上编辑37个基因,包含13个PCGs、2个rRNA、22个tRNA及一个非编码区,序列高度保守。汤氏角灯鱼线粒体全基因组中2个rRNA与22个tRNA基因与其他灯笼鱼科鱼类基因排序一致,且12S rRNA与16S rRNA基因前后无基因重叠或基因间隔现象,符合后生动物基因典型特征[22]
由碱基组成分析可得,汤氏角灯鱼线粒体基因组中A+T碱基含量略高于C+G碱基含量,表现出AT碱基偏倚性,与其余海水鱼类碱基组成一致[23],但是不同物种碱基含量百分比不同,造成这种现象的原因可能是在DNA复制过程中自然环境或竞争压力引起的碱基突变[24]。在tRNA中,汤氏角灯鱼各tRNA基因位置、碱基数量与灯笼鱼科其他物种相似,并具有较高同源性。此外本研究还计算了AT-skew值与GC-skew值用以评估基因间碱基含量差异,蛋白质编码基因中二数值大多数为负值,这说明蛋白质编码基因偏好使用TC基因,而绝对值越大表示两碱基间差异越明显,汤氏角灯鱼线粒体基因中GC-skew绝对值明显大于AT-skew绝对值,表明汤氏角灯鱼线粒体基因组具有明显C碱基偏倚,与灯笼鱼科七星底灯鱼和卡氏电灯鱼线粒体基因组呈现显著C碱基偏倚且GC-skew绝对值显著高于AT-skew绝对值的碱基偏倚情况相似。
对汤氏角灯鱼偏好密码子分析显示,其密码子使用频率与汤氏角灯鱼线粒体全基因组整体C碱基偏倚性一致。前两位密码子均属于脯氨酸,脯氨酸密码子使用频率较高,与脯氨酸可以维持生物体在高盐环境中的细胞渗透压,并提高生物对高盐环境的耐受力密切相关[25]。而本次实验使用的汤氏角灯鱼均捕获自水深50~150 m的西北太平洋次表层。西北太平洋受北赤道流和黑潮影响,盐度随深度增加先升高后减少,存在盐度“次表层最高值”现象[26]。因此推测汤氏角灯鱼的脯氨酸密码子高出现率与其海水盐度较高的生活环境相关。在遗传学中,通常使用Ka/Ks比值推断蛋白质编码基因所受的自然选择压力[27]。Ka/Ks>1表明存在正选择作用(positive selection);Ka/Ks=1表明存在中性进化作用(neutral evolution);Ka/Ks<1则表明存在纯化选择作用。在本研究中,灯笼鱼科鱼类的13个蛋白质编码基因的Ka/Ks值均小于1,表明这13个蛋白质编码基因受到纯化选择作用。其中ATP8基因Ka/Ks值最高,说明其受最弱的选择压力,符合脊椎动物ATP8基因承受的选择压力最小的结论[28]ATP8基因作为ATP合酶的关键亚基,负责将质子梯度转化为ATP并维护膜稳定性。而ND1基因的Ka/Ks值最低,说明其进化速率最慢,对环境压力的抵抗能力很强。ND1基因是NADH脱氢酶的关键组分,通过驱动质子泵出建立跨膜电化学梯度,为ATP合成提供驱动力。当海水盐度骤升引发细胞渗透性失水时,鱼类机体需ND1基因提升ATP合成效率以驱动Na+/K+-ATP酶维持离子平衡[29-30],此时二者通过协同作用实现高效供能。因此推测ND1基因对灯笼鱼科在西北太平洋进行垂直迁移的盐度骤变适应性发挥了作用。
灯笼鱼科同属鱼类形态相近,且传统形态学鉴定所依赖的发光器在捕捞运输过程中易损坏,因此仅靠形态特征或单基因研究对其进行物种鉴定或者系统发育分析是不严谨的。因此有必要利用线粒体全基因组对灯笼鱼科进行全面准确的系统发育分析。本研究基于线粒体全基因组构建的NJ进化树与ML进化树显示,汤氏角灯鱼与同属的马德拉角灯鱼,虹灯鱼属的后光虹灯鱼,眶暗虹灯鱼的亲缘关系较近。该结果与Wisner[31]基于形态学和Martin等[32]基于分子系统发育分析的研究结论相一致,均认为两者可能起源于共同的祖先,并在中新世海洋环流变化导致的深层水团重组的驱动下发生分化。同时两属在西北太平洋的分布区域高度重叠,也暗示它们共同的起源与扩散路径[33]。除角灯鱼属与虹灯鱼属外,多个分支的系统发育关系亦与既往研究结果一致。克灯鱼属与电灯鱼属聚为一支,与Liang等[15]基于13个灯笼鱼科物种线粒体全基因组的系统发育分析结果一致,卡氏电灯鱼与南极电灯鱼和安氏克灯鱼亲缘关系最近,表明二属在进化上关系密切。本研究所得的系统发育关系总体上与Christiansen等[34]基于CO I基因以及Poulsen等[35]基于线粒体全基因组的分析结果一致,仅在叶灯鱼属与眶灯鱼属的分支位置上存在差异。本研究的ML进化树显示二者分处独立分支,而Poulsen等[35]的ML进化树则显示二者聚为一支。已有的单基因和形态学研究普遍认为两属关系密切[36-37],因此该差异可能与本研究所采用的眶灯鱼属物种不同,或与数据库中可用序列的可靠性差异有关。此外,长体标灯鱼在NJ与ML进化树中的系统发育位置存在差异。在NJ进化树中,其位于分支顶端,与其他序列的亲缘关系较远;而在ML进化树中,则与细泰勒灯鱼和椭锦灯鱼聚合成一分支,并聚类于粗鳞灯笼鱼属的支系中。NJ进化树是基于距离矩阵的聚类模型,对物种的进化速率较为敏感。当某些物种的进化速率显著快于同一分支中的其他物种时,容易产生“长枝吸引”现象(long-branch attraction,LBA),从而影响系统发育关系的准确性。相比之下,ML进化树依赖位点替换模型,具有较强的抗LBA能力,因此在系统发育推断中通常被认为具有更高的可靠性[38-39]。尽管在部分分支上存在差异,但两种进化树均显示粗鳞灯笼鱼与细泰勒灯鱼亲缘关系最近。基因检测也表明二者在压力适应相关基因[40]和视觉退化相关基因[41]上具有高度同源性,从分子水平进一步支持了二者的进化亲缘关系。
本研究弥补了汤氏角灯鱼在分子生物学领域的空白,对灯笼鱼科线粒体基因组数据库进行了补充。通过构建灯笼鱼科系统进化树,明确了汤氏角灯鱼的系统进化地位,为灯笼鱼科的物种鉴定与系统发育分析提供了分子和理论依据,并为西北太平洋灯笼鱼科鱼类的资源管理提供了更多参考。
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2025年第32卷第12期
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doi: 10.12264/JFSC2025-0144
  • 接收时间:2025-06-05
  • 首发时间:2026-06-10
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  • 收稿日期:2025-06-05
  • 修回日期:2025-07-15
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作者信息
    1.上海海洋大学海洋生物资源与管理学院,上海 201306
    2.大洋渔业资源可持续开发教育部重点实验室,上海 201306
    3.国家远洋渔业工程技术研究中心,上海 201306
    4.农业农村部大洋渔业可持续利用重点实验室,上海 201306
    5.临港新片区海洋生物医药科技创新型平台,上海 201306

通讯作者:

王丛丛,副教授,研究方向为环境DNA和种群遗传多样性. E-mail:
WANG Congcong. E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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