Article(id=1271391587805376646, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1271160618791747662, issueId=1271391553579848391, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.12264/JFSC2025-0252, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1757520000000, receivedDateStr=2025-09-11, revisedDate=1760025600000, revisedDateStr=2025-10-10, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1781052975845, onlineDateStr=2026-06-10, pubDate=null, pubDateStr=null, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1781052975845, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-06-10, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1781052975845, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1781052975845, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1271391553579848391, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1271160618791747662, year='2025', volume='32', issue='12', pageStart='1717', pageEnd='1844', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1781052967652, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1781053078366, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1271392018073849945, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1271160618791747662, issueId=1271391553579848391, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1271392018078044250, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1271160618791747662, issueId=1271391553579848391, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=1749, endPage=1762, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1271391589457932424, articleId=1271391587805376646, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1271160618791747662, language=EN, title=Effects of acute handling stress on serum biochemical parameters, antioxidant capacity, gill morphology, and surface-slime microbial community of Seriola aureovittat, columnId=null, journalTitle=Journal of Fishery Sciences of China, columnName=null, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

In this study, we investigated the effects of acute handling stress on serum biochemical indicators, antioxidant capacity, gill morphology, and surface slime microbial community of Seriola aureovittata. The experiment was conducted using S. aureovittata individuals (body weight: 463.86 ± 63.86 g). During the experiment, crowding-air exposure was repeated 10 times. Samples were collected before acute handling stress (C0, control group) and at 0, 3, 6, 12, and 24 h after stress. The results showed that acute handling stress significantly increased serum cortisol levels (P < 0.05). With the extended recovery time, cortisol levels initially increased and subsequently decreased, peaking at 3 h and returning to baseline at 12 h. Superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activities and malondialdehyde (MDA) content followed a similar trend to that of cortisol; however, they peaked at 6 h after handling stress. After 24 h of recovery, only CAT activity and MDA content returned to their initial levels. In addition, acute handling stress caused bending and swelling of gill lamellae, cell vacuolation, and disordered epithelial arrangement. After 24 h of recovery, gill filament morphology had not fully returned to its original state. Moreover, acute handling stress exacerbated slime microbiota dysbiosis on the body surface, significantly increasing pathogenic bacteria abundance, including Vibrio splendidus, Tenacibaculum soleae, and Tenacibaculum dicentraci (P<0.05). In conclusion, S. aureovittata requires more than 24 h to fully recover from acute handling stress. The optimal window for stress-alleviating interventions occurs within the first 6 h post-handling stress. Regulating slime microbiota balance on the body surface may represent a promising strategy for mitigating acute handling stress.

, correspAuthors=Yongjiang XU, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Jichang ZHENG, Yuan FENG, Yongjiang XU, Aijun CUI, Yan JIANG, Zhenghao WANG), CN=ArticleExt(id=1271391594444959910, articleId=1271391587805376646, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1271160618791747662, language=CN, title=急性操作胁迫对黄条鰤血清生化指标、抗氧化能力、鳃组织形态与体表黏液菌群的影响, columnId=1271391555995767499, journalTitle=中国水产科学, columnName=研究论文, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

黄条鰤(Seriola aureovittata)对应激的高敏感性是限制其集约化养殖的重要因素。本研究旨在探究急性操作胁迫对黄条鰤血清生化指标、抗氧化能力、鳃组织形态和体表黏液菌群的影响。实验选取健康1龄(体重(463.86± 63.86)g、(叉长(35.49±0.9)cm)黄条鰤为研究对象,以连续10次拥挤-暴露为急性操作胁迫,分别在胁迫前(C0,对照组)、胁迫结束后0、3、6、12、24 h采集背外侧黏液、尾静脉血、鳃组织等样品。血清生化分析结果表明,急性操作胁迫可导致血清皮质醇含量显著升高(P<0.05),随恢复时间延长,皮质醇呈先升高后降低的趋势,并在恢复3 h时达到峰值,恢复至12 h时降为胁迫前水平;超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)及丙二醛(MDA)含量与皮质醇变化趋势相似,但达到峰值的时间为胁迫结束后6 h,仅CAT活力和MDA含量在恢复24 h后降至初始水平。鳃组织形态观察发现,急性操作胁迫可导致鳃小片弯曲肿胀、细胞空泡化及上皮细胞排列紊乱,胁迫结束后24 h,鳃丝形态仍未完全恢复至初始状态。体表黏液微生物组成分析结果表明,急性操作胁迫加剧了体表黏液菌群失调,灿烂弧菌(Vibrio splendidus)、鳎黏着杆菌(Tenacibaculum soleae)和舌齿鲈黏着杆菌(Tenacibaculum dicentrarchi)等致病菌丰度均显著升高(P<0.05)。综上所述,黄条鰤从急性操作胁迫中完全恢复的时间超过24 h,操作胁迫后的6 h内是采取措施缓解应激的关键节点;调节体表黏液菌群平衡是缓解应激的潜在思路。

, correspAuthors=徐永江, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
徐永江,研究员,研究方向为海水鱼类设施化养殖技术. E-mail:
XU Yongjiang. E-mail:
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郑纪昌,助理研究员,研究方向为海水鱼类行为与生理学. E-mail:

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a. 皮质醇;b. 葡萄糖. C0:对照组;H0:操作胁迫后0 h;H3:操作胁迫后3 h;H6:操作胁迫后6 h;H12:操作胁迫后12 h;H24:操作胁迫后24 h. 各柱形图上方不同小写字母表示组间差异显著(P<0.05).

, figureFileSmall=ttfhZOkCJ8s4CvfStyH1IA==, figureFileBig=CaIICHZEQZiaiMTcp6Am2A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1271391603131363543, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1271160618791747662, articleId=1271391587805376646, language=EN, label=Fig. 3, caption=Effects of acute handling stress on serum transaminase activity of Seriola aureovittata, figureFileSmall=7w6wm3xixOTrnGWQsbcuPQ==, figureFileBig=Lh6gW5D9GjcQZKrjYCccpA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1271391603202666712, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1271160618791747662, articleId=1271391587805376646, language=CN, label=图3, caption=急性操作胁迫对黄条鰤血清转氨酶活力的影响

a. 谷草转氨酶;b. 谷丙转氨酶. C0:对照组;H0:操作胁迫后0 h;H3:操作胁迫后3 h;H6:操作胁迫后6 h;H12:操作胁迫后12 h;H24:操作胁迫后24 h. 各柱形图上方不同小写字母表示组间差异显著(P<0.05).

, figureFileSmall=7w6wm3xixOTrnGWQsbcuPQ==, figureFileBig=Lh6gW5D9GjcQZKrjYCccpA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1271391603269775577, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1271160618791747662, articleId=1271391587805376646, language=EN, label=Fig. 4, caption=Effects of handling stress on serum antioxidant index of Seriola aureovittata, figureFileSmall=qQh+C38r+5tr7iUspklwWQ==, figureFileBig=617DURtBI1LiesbE3wjT1Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1271391603332690138, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1271160618791747662, articleId=1271391587805376646, language=CN, label=图4, caption=急性操作胁迫对黄条鰤血清抗氧化指标的影响

a. 超氧化物歧化酶;b. 谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶;c. 过氧化氢酶;d. 丙二醛. C0:对照组;H0:操作胁迫后0 h;H3:操作胁迫后3 h;H6:操作胁迫后6 h;H12:操作胁迫后12 h;H24:操作胁迫后24 h. 各柱形图上方不同小写字母表示组间差异显著(P<0.05).

, figureFileSmall=qQh+C38r+5tr7iUspklwWQ==, figureFileBig=617DURtBI1LiesbE3wjT1Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1271391603416576219, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1271160618791747662, articleId=1271391587805376646, language=EN, label=Fig. 5, caption=Effects of acute handling stress on gill histologic morphometry of Seriola aureovittata, figureFileSmall=mOu9yFV9z+EntrnET8QA2Q==, figureFileBig=G//v/k3sylZqWlUwBm7HJw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1271391603475296476, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1271160618791747662, articleId=1271391587805376646, language=CN, label=图5, caption=急性操作胁迫对黄条鰤鳃组织形态的影响

a. 鳃组织结构参数示意图;b. 对照组;c. 操作胁迫后0 h;d. 操作胁迫后3 h;e.操作胁迫后24 h.

, figureFileSmall=mOu9yFV9z+EntrnET8QA2Q==, figureFileBig=G//v/k3sylZqWlUwBm7HJw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1271391603525628125, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1271160618791747662, articleId=1271391587805376646, language=EN, label=Fig. 6, caption=Effects of acute handling stress on gill histologic parameters of Seriola aureovittata, figureFileSmall=5a5wYsYQHdW42jfNr9CSiA==, figureFileBig=5HFFx7PE4vciFoMwmbHXMw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1271391603584348382, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1271160618791747662, articleId=1271391587805376646, language=CN, label=图6, caption=急性操作胁迫对黄条鰤鳃组织形态参数的影响

a. 鳃小片间距;b. 鳃小片长度. C0:对照组;H0:操作胁迫后0 h;H3:操作胁迫后3 h;H24:操作胁迫后24 h. 各柱形图上方不同小写字母表示组间差异显著(P<0.05).

, figureFileSmall=5a5wYsYQHdW42jfNr9CSiA==, figureFileBig=5HFFx7PE4vciFoMwmbHXMw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1271391603643068639, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1271160618791747662, articleId=1271391587805376646, language=EN, label=Fig. 7, caption=Effects of acute handling stress on enzymes related to ion transport in the gills of Seriola aureovittata, figureFileSmall=D/7WdWqxjE0ffpE7Gvrzqw==, figureFileBig=BIESiaPaUYyVtVAjss54eA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1271391603726954720, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1271160618791747662, articleId=1271391587805376646, language=CN, label=图7, caption=急性操作胁迫对黄条鰤鳃离子转运酶活力的影响

a. Na+/K+-ATP酶;b. Ca2+/Mg2+-ATP酶. C0:对照组;H0:操作胁迫后0 h;H3:操作胁迫后3 h;H6:操作胁迫后6 h;H12:操作胁迫后12 h;H24:操作胁迫后24 h. 各柱形图上方不同小写字母表示组间差异显著(P<0.05).

, figureFileSmall=D/7WdWqxjE0ffpE7Gvrzqw==, figureFileBig=BIESiaPaUYyVtVAjss54eA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1271391603794063585, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1271160618791747662, articleId=1271391587805376646, language=EN, label=Fig. 8, caption=Effects of acute handling stress on α-diversity of the slime microbial community on Seriola aureovittata body surface, figureFileSmall=5sYVEpX7vf+7GQKIhP7vPg==, figureFileBig=qUpij/O2rvMO3Aa1HrWG/A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1271391603877949666, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1271160618791747662, articleId=1271391587805376646, language=CN, label=图8, caption=急性操作胁迫对黄条鰤体表黏液菌群α-多样性的影响

a. Chao1指数;b. Ace指数;c. Shannon指数. C0:对照组;H0:操作胁迫后0 h;H6:操作胁迫后6 h;H24:操作胁迫后24 h. 各柱形图上方不同小写字母表示组间差异显著(P<0.05).

, figureFileSmall=5sYVEpX7vf+7GQKIhP7vPg==, figureFileBig=qUpij/O2rvMO3Aa1HrWG/A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1271391603949252835, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1271160618791747662, articleId=1271391587805376646, language=EN, label=Fig. 9, caption=Effects of acute handling stress on β-diversity of the slime microbial community on Seriola aureovittata body surface, figureFileSmall=aJj8SdvKWrWqRV2O5J0q8w==, figureFileBig=1m2EKBvIzF5EyMY05DTnOQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1271391604024750308, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1271160618791747662, articleId=1271391587805376646, language=CN, label=图9, caption=急性操作胁迫对黄条鰤体表黏液菌群β-多样性的影响

a. 属水平主坐标分析;b. 种水平主坐标分析. C0:对照组;H0:操作胁迫后0 h;H6:操作胁迫后6 h;H24:操作胁迫后24 h.

, figureFileSmall=aJj8SdvKWrWqRV2O5J0q8w==, figureFileBig=1m2EKBvIzF5EyMY05DTnOQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1271391604100247781, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1271160618791747662, articleId=1271391587805376646, language=EN, label=Fig. 10, caption=Heatmap analysis of slime microbiota profile on the body surface of Seriola aureovittata, figureFileSmall=LGzzAQc3IJyKHOolENZ5Pw==, figureFileBig=JmWf+zE0dYzIW/iIe7+apw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1271391604158968038, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1271160618791747662, articleId=1271391587805376646, language=CN, label=图10, caption=黄条鰤体表黏液菌群组成热图分析

a. 属水平;b. 种水平. C0:对照组;H0:操作胁迫后0 h;H6:操作胁迫后6 h;H24:操作胁迫后24 h.

, figureFileSmall=LGzzAQc3IJyKHOolENZ5Pw==, figureFileBig=JmWf+zE0dYzIW/iIe7+apw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1271391604221882599, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1271160618791747662, articleId=1271391587805376646, language=EN, label=Fig. 11, caption=Microbial dysbiosis index analysis of slime microbiota on the body surface of Seriola aureovittata, figureFileSmall=KkIx5Vj8AKYctTVJg+xH3Q==, figureFileBig=ZTTXZLx/Nq6x0ulck7Cb6Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1271391604301574376, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1271160618791747662, articleId=1271391587805376646, language=CN, label=图11, caption=黄条鰤体表黏液菌群失调指数分析

a. 门水平;b. 属水平;c. 种水平. C0:对照组;H0:操作胁迫后0 h;H6:操作胁迫后6 h;H24:操作胁迫后24 h.

, figureFileSmall=KkIx5Vj8AKYctTVJg+xH3Q==, figureFileBig=ZTTXZLx/Nq6x0ulck7Cb6Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1271391604368683241, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1271160618791747662, articleId=1271391587805376646, language=EN, label=Fig. 12, caption=Slime microbiota profile on the body surface of Seriola aureovittata (on phylum level), figureFileSmall=zr+E8qG13uY0Feomfros0w==, figureFileBig=AYOlxLA/zRKDbpBLsoE55g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1271391604439986410, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1271160618791747662, articleId=1271391587805376646, language=CN, label=图12, caption=黄条鰤体表黏液菌群组成(门水平)

C0:对照组;H0:操作胁迫后0 h;H6:操作胁迫后6 h;H24:操作胁迫后24 h.

, figureFileSmall=zr+E8qG13uY0Feomfros0w==, figureFileBig=AYOlxLA/zRKDbpBLsoE55g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1271391604511289579, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1271160618791747662, articleId=1271391587805376646, language=EN, label=Fig. 13, caption=Differences analysis for the slime microbiota profile on the body surface of Seriola aureovittata, figureFileSmall=5LQ2eD2Hk6CXaZM4F7Ssqg==, figureFileBig=uxBxSzfeWJc1EqbM5dVFAg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1271391604574204140, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1271160618791747662, articleId=1271391587805376646, language=CN, label=图13, caption=黄条鰤体表黏液菌群组成差异分析

a. C0与H0之间差异分析;b. C0与H6之间差异分析;c. C0与H24之间差异分析. C0:对照组;H0:操作胁迫后0 h;H6:操作胁迫后6 h;H24:操作胁迫后24 h.

, figureFileSmall=5LQ2eD2Hk6CXaZM4F7Ssqg==, figureFileBig=uxBxSzfeWJc1EqbM5dVFAg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1271391604632924397, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1271160618791747662, articleId=1271391587805376646, language=EN, label=Fig. 14, caption=LEfSe (linear discriminant analysis effect size) analysis for slime microbiota profile from the body surface of Seriola aureovittata, figureFileSmall=eGH4FuVJNt/1LCMyjuUmCw==, figureFileBig=XABSBs3xJVZ5gkauOs48Ew==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1271391604725199086, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1271160618791747662, articleId=1271391587805376646, language=CN, label=图14, caption=黄条鰤体表黏液菌群线性判别分析

C0:对照组;H0:操作胁迫后0 h;H6:操作胁迫后6 h;H24:操作胁迫后24 h.

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急性操作胁迫对黄条鰤血清生化指标、抗氧化能力、鳃组织形态与体表黏液菌群的影响
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郑纪昌 , 冯元 , 徐永江 *, * , 崔爱君 , 姜燕 , 王正浩
中国水产科学 | 研究论文 2025,32(12): 1749-1762
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中国水产科学 | 研究论文 2025, 32(12): 1749-1762
急性操作胁迫对黄条鰤血清生化指标、抗氧化能力、鳃组织形态与体表黏液菌群的影响
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郑纪昌 , 冯元, 徐永江*, * , 崔爱君, 姜燕, 王正浩
作者信息
  • 中国水产科学研究院黄海水产研究所,海水养殖生物育种与可持续产出全国重点实验室,山东 青岛 266071
  • 郑纪昌,助理研究员,研究方向为海水鱼类行为与生理学. E-mail:

通讯作者:

徐永江,研究员,研究方向为海水鱼类设施化养殖技术. E-mail:
XU Yongjiang. E-mail:
Effects of acute handling stress on serum biochemical parameters, antioxidant capacity, gill morphology, and surface-slime microbial community of Seriola aureovittat
Jichang ZHENG , Yuan FENG, Yongjiang XU , Aijun CUI, Yan JIANG, Zhenghao WANG
Affiliations
  • State Key Laboratory of Mariculture Biobreeding and Sustainable Goods, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
doi: 10.12264/JFSC2025-0252
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黄条鰤(Seriola aureovittata)对应激的高敏感性是限制其集约化养殖的重要因素。本研究旨在探究急性操作胁迫对黄条鰤血清生化指标、抗氧化能力、鳃组织形态和体表黏液菌群的影响。实验选取健康1龄(体重(463.86± 63.86)g、(叉长(35.49±0.9)cm)黄条鰤为研究对象,以连续10次拥挤-暴露为急性操作胁迫,分别在胁迫前(C0,对照组)、胁迫结束后0、3、6、12、24 h采集背外侧黏液、尾静脉血、鳃组织等样品。血清生化分析结果表明,急性操作胁迫可导致血清皮质醇含量显著升高(P<0.05),随恢复时间延长,皮质醇呈先升高后降低的趋势,并在恢复3 h时达到峰值,恢复至12 h时降为胁迫前水平;超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)及丙二醛(MDA)含量与皮质醇变化趋势相似,但达到峰值的时间为胁迫结束后6 h,仅CAT活力和MDA含量在恢复24 h后降至初始水平。鳃组织形态观察发现,急性操作胁迫可导致鳃小片弯曲肿胀、细胞空泡化及上皮细胞排列紊乱,胁迫结束后24 h,鳃丝形态仍未完全恢复至初始状态。体表黏液微生物组成分析结果表明,急性操作胁迫加剧了体表黏液菌群失调,灿烂弧菌(Vibrio splendidus)、鳎黏着杆菌(Tenacibaculum soleae)和舌齿鲈黏着杆菌(Tenacibaculum dicentrarchi)等致病菌丰度均显著升高(P<0.05)。综上所述,黄条鰤从急性操作胁迫中完全恢复的时间超过24 h,操作胁迫后的6 h内是采取措施缓解应激的关键节点;调节体表黏液菌群平衡是缓解应激的潜在思路。

黄条鰤  /  急性操作胁迫  /  抗氧化能力  /  黏液菌群  /  血清生化指标

In this study, we investigated the effects of acute handling stress on serum biochemical indicators, antioxidant capacity, gill morphology, and surface slime microbial community of Seriola aureovittata. The experiment was conducted using S. aureovittata individuals (body weight: 463.86 ± 63.86 g). During the experiment, crowding-air exposure was repeated 10 times. Samples were collected before acute handling stress (C0, control group) and at 0, 3, 6, 12, and 24 h after stress. The results showed that acute handling stress significantly increased serum cortisol levels (P < 0.05). With the extended recovery time, cortisol levels initially increased and subsequently decreased, peaking at 3 h and returning to baseline at 12 h. Superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activities and malondialdehyde (MDA) content followed a similar trend to that of cortisol; however, they peaked at 6 h after handling stress. After 24 h of recovery, only CAT activity and MDA content returned to their initial levels. In addition, acute handling stress caused bending and swelling of gill lamellae, cell vacuolation, and disordered epithelial arrangement. After 24 h of recovery, gill filament morphology had not fully returned to its original state. Moreover, acute handling stress exacerbated slime microbiota dysbiosis on the body surface, significantly increasing pathogenic bacteria abundance, including Vibrio splendidus, Tenacibaculum soleae, and Tenacibaculum dicentraci (P<0.05). In conclusion, S. aureovittata requires more than 24 h to fully recover from acute handling stress. The optimal window for stress-alleviating interventions occurs within the first 6 h post-handling stress. Regulating slime microbiota balance on the body surface may represent a promising strategy for mitigating acute handling stress.

Seriola aureovittata  /  acute handling stress  /  antioxidant capacity  /  slime microbiota  /  serum biochemical parameter
郑纪昌, 冯元, 徐永江, 崔爱君, 姜燕, 王正浩. 急性操作胁迫对黄条鰤血清生化指标、抗氧化能力、鳃组织形态与体表黏液菌群的影响. 中国水产科学, 2025 , 32 (12) : 1749 -1762 . DOI: 10.12264/JFSC2025-0252
Jichang ZHENG, Yuan FENG, Yongjiang XU, Aijun CUI, Yan JIANG, Zhenghao WANG. Effects of acute handling stress on serum biochemical parameters, antioxidant capacity, gill morphology, and surface-slime microbial community of Seriola aureovittat[J]. Journal of Fishery Sciences of China, 2025 , 32 (12) : 1749 -1762 . DOI: 10.12264/JFSC2025-0252
黄条鰤(Seriola aureovittata)俗称黄犍牛、黄金鲅,隶属于鲈形目、鲹科、鰤属(Seriola),其野生群体主要分布于澳大利亚和东亚周边海域,在中国主要分布于黄渤海和东海[1]。作为典型的大洋性经济鱼类,黄条鰤生长速度快、肉质鲜美、多不饱和脂肪酸含量高[2]。目前,黄条鰤人工繁育技术已取得突破,苗种的规模化生产和养殖技术逐步稳定[3]。然而,在集约化养殖过程中,黄条鰤对应激的高敏感性是其产量降低的重要原因。应激是机体神经-内分泌相互作用的调节过程,按照反应程度及持续时间,鱼类应激可被分为初级、次级和三级阶段。初级阶段(警觉阶段)主要通过交感-嗜铬组织系统(SCS)和下丘脑-垂体-肾间组织(HPI)途径来调节机体激素变化来应对刺激[4];次级阶段(抵抗阶段)则主要由肾上腺素和皮质醇等激素改变机体代谢、免疫和抗氧化平衡来对抗应激环境[5];三级阶段(损伤阶段)是在次级应激的基础上,机体内环境彻底紊乱,免疫系统受到抑制,组织器官受到损伤,对生长和健康造成器质性影响[6]
在鱼类养殖过程中,其应激源主要分为生物因素(寄生虫、敌害生物等)[7]、物理因素(水温、盐度等)[8-9]、化学因素(氨氮、亚硝酸盐等)[10-11]和管理因素[12-13]。其中,前三类应激源均可通过升级设备或改善养殖条件来避免;而养殖管理中的必要操作(捕捞、分苗和转运等)通常伴随着机械刺激、鱼体拥挤和空气暴露,可对鱼类产生应激胁迫[14-15]。一系列研究表明,急性操作胁迫可引发大黄鱼(Pseudosciaena crocea[16]、四指马鲅(Eleutheronema tetradactylum[17]、云纹石斑鱼(Epinephelus moara[18]和刀鲚(Coilia nasus[19]应激反应,并对其抗氧化能力、免疫力及肝脏结构产生显著负面影响。目前,关于急性操作胁迫对黄条鰤影响的研究尚存在空白。现有关于急性操作胁迫对鱼类影响的研究主要关注血清生化指标、抗氧化能力和免疫力的变化,忽略了养殖鱼类体表黏液菌群的变化特征。本研究通过模拟拉网操作对黄条鰤进行胁迫,分析血清生化指标、抗氧化能力、鳃组织形态及体表黏液微生物的变化,从生理生化、组织形态及微生物生态等多个维度系统探究黄条鰤对急性操作胁迫的应答,以期为黄条鰤低应激、健康高效养殖技术的开发提供理论依据。
本实验于2022年11月在大连富谷食品有限公司的工厂化养殖车间完成。正式实验前,挑选一批公司自主繁育的(体重(463.86± 63.86)g,叉长(35.49±0.9)cm)健康1龄黄条鰤于养殖池流水暂养1周,期间每天换水1次,每次换水量50%。暂养期间,水体溶氧含量为(7.6±0.4)mg/L,水温为(23.4±0.5)℃,光照周期设置为12 h光照∶12 h黑暗。暂养结束后,随机挑选规格相近且体质健康的100尾黄条鰤进行正式实验。
本实验使用尺寸为1.2 m×0.7 m×0.5 m的小网箱对黄条鰤进行急性操作胁迫(图1):实验共设置3个独立网箱(即3个平行组),每组随机选取15条黄条鰤聚拢于网箱内拥挤胁迫5 s,然后将网箱提出水面,将实验鱼暴露于空气中5 s,最后再将网箱放入水中3 min,连续重复10次以上操作。依照操作胁迫进程,本研究设计胁迫前对照组1个(C0)和实验组5个:胁迫结束后0 h(H0)、3 h(H3)、6 h(H6)、12 h(H12)、24 h(H24)。
对于每个网箱,上述每个节点分别随机取2条实验鱼(即每个实验组共取6条),并用MS-222(浓度为80 mg/L;Sigma-Aldrich)麻醉2 min。先用3%的生理盐水冲刷鱼体表面,然后使用一次性吸水纸轻敷擦去多余水分,再用灭菌树脂棒(先用75%酒精杀菌,再用无菌水冲洗)将背外侧黏液刮入1.5 mL离心管中,用于测定微生物组成。使用1 mL注射器从尾静脉取血,置于1.5 mL EP管中,静置12 h后离心10 min(3000 g),取上层血清置于液氮中保存。剪取黄条鰤左侧第二鳃弓置于Davis固定液中,用于石蜡切片制作,剩余部分鳃组织则置于1.5 mL冻存管用于酶活分析。
血清生化指标:皮质醇(cortisol)、葡萄糖(Glu)、谷草转氨酶(GOT)和谷丙转氨酶(GPT)等血清转氨酶;谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、丙二醛(MDA)等血清抗氧化指标;鳃组织离子转运酶:Na+/K+-ATP(NKA)和Ca2+/Mg2+-ATP(CMA),上述指标均使用商业试剂盒(中国南京建成生物工程研究所)测定。
取Davis固定的鳃组织,经酒精(75%、80%、95%、100%)梯度脱水、二甲苯透明、常规石蜡包埋,再用显微切片机(RM2235,LEICA)将鳃组织切成5 μm薄片。采用苏木精-伊红(H&E)将组织染色,并用中性树胶封片。借助Pannoramic MIDI II病理扫描仪(上海达迈生物科技有限公司)对石蜡切片进行观察、拍照,并使用Image J软件测量鳃小片长度和间距。
使用MagPure Soil DNA LQ试剂盒(Magan)提取黄条鰤体表黏液DNA,经Nano Drop® 2000分光光度计(Thermo Scientific)测定DNA纯度和浓度后,利用1.2%变性琼脂糖凝胶电泳测定DNA的完整度。以提取的DNA作为模板,根据细菌V4~V5区域序列合成引物338F(5ʹ-ACTCCTACGGGAGGCAGCAG-3ʹ)和806R(5ʹ-GGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT-3ʹ)进行PCR扩增。利用Illumina MiSeq PE300平台对质检合格的扩增序列进行文库构建、测序和生物信息学分析。
本实验使用SPSS 26.0对数据进行统计分析,在数据通过方差齐性和正态性分布检验后,进行单因素方差分析(ANOVA)和Duncan’s多重比较(显著差异水平设为P<0.05),数值均以平均值±标准差($\bar x \pm {\rm{SD}}$)表示。
与对照组相比,急性操作胁迫导致血清皮质醇(cortisol)含量显著升高(P<0.05)(图2a)。随恢复时间延长,皮质醇含量先升高后降低,并在恢复3 h时最高,在恢复时间达到12 h后降为初始水平。血清葡萄糖(Glu)含量则与皮质醇呈现相反的趋势(图2b),其在恢复6 h时降到低值,但直到恢复时间达到24 h也未升至胁迫前水平。血清谷草转氨酶(GOT)(图3a)和谷丙转氨酶(GPT)(图3b)含量变化趋势与皮质醇一致,其含量均在恢复6 h时最高(P<0.05),但是直到恢复时间达到24 h也未降低至胁迫前水平。以上结果初步说明了胁迫应激及其对机体产生的影响存在非同步性,且时间差可能是3 h。
与对照组相比,急性操作胁迫可导致血清超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)(图4a)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)(图4b)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)(图4c)和丙二醛(MDA)(图4d)含量升高,并在胁迫结束后的6 h达到峰值。在恢复时间达到24 h时,仅CAT活力和MDA含量降至初始水平,SOD和GSH-Px活力仍显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。
急性操作胁迫前,对照组(C0)鳃小片排列整齐,细胞饱满且无明显间隙(图5a~5e)。胁迫刚结束时,鳃丝两侧的鳃小片有轻微弯曲,鳃小片间距和长度均显著增加(P<0.05)(图6a,6b)。胁迫后恢复3 h,鳃组织损伤明显,主要表现为鳃小片与细胞之间产生空洞,细胞出现空泡化现象,上皮细胞排列紊乱,其末端出现肿胀,鳃小片长度显著高于其他各组(P<0.05)。胁迫后恢复24 h,鳃丝仍未完全恢复至初始形态,鳃小片长度与对照组仍有显著差异(P<0.05)。
与对照组相比,急性操作胁迫可导致黄条鰤鳃Na+/K+-ATP酶(NKA)和Ca2+/Mg2+-ATP酶(CMA)活力显著降低(P<0.05)(图7a,7b),并在胁迫结束后的6 h达到低值,当恢复时间达到24 h,仅NKA酶活力升至胁迫前水平。
整个胁迫过程,黄条鰤体表黏液菌群丰富度指数(Chao1、Ace)和多样性指数(Shannon)指标均未产生显著差异(P>0.05)(图8a~8c)。根据β-多样性(图9a,9b)和物种组成热图(图10a,10b),急性操作胁迫前(C0)及刚结束时(H0)黄条鰤体表黏液菌群组成更接近。随恢复时间延长,菌群失调指数(MDI)呈现先升高后降低的趋势,并在恢复至6 h时达到峰值,恢复至24 h时MDI降低幅度较小(图11a~11c)。根据门水平菌群组成,黄条鰤体表黏液菌群组成以变形菌门(Proteobacteria)、拟杆菌门(Bacteroidota)、疣微菌门(Verrucomicrobiota)及厚壁菌门(Firmicutes)为主(图12)。根据种水平菌群组成,在急性操作胁迫后0 h、6 h、24 h,灿烂弧菌(Vibrio splendidus)、鳎黏着杆菌(Tenacibaculum soleae)和舌齿鲈黏着杆菌(Tenacibaculum dicentrarchi)丰度均显著升高(P<0.05)(图13a~13c)。线性判别分析(LEfSe)显示(图14),恢复6 h的黄条鰤体表黏液特征菌群包括灿烂弧菌,恢复至24 h的特征菌群则包含黏着杆菌属(Tenacibaculum)。
日常的捕捞、转运和分苗等操作均可引发鱼类应激反应,过度应激会扰乱鱼类正常的行为和生理活动,导致生长抑制、抗氧化能力降低及繁殖受损,影响其养殖福利[20-21]。当鱼类受到胁迫后,其下丘脑会激活交感神经系统,从而释放皮质醇、儿茶酚胺和肾上腺素等激素,其中皮质醇可促进糖原分解成葡萄糖[22],进而提高鱼类在应激状态下的能量供应效率[23],因此血清皮质醇和葡萄糖是反映鱼体应激的关键指标。在本研究中,急性操作胁迫可导致血清皮质醇含量显著升高。随恢复时间延长,皮质醇含量呈现先升高后降低的趋势,并在恢复3 h时达到峰值,恢复至12 h时降为胁迫前水平,这与在刀鲚[19]上的实验结果相似。一系列研究表明,氨氮胁迫[24]、高温胁迫[25]和拥挤胁迫[26]可导致血清葡萄糖含量升高。但是,本研究结果显示,黄条鰤血清葡萄糖含量随恢复时间延长呈现先降低后升高的趋势,其含量在恢复至6 h时降到谷值。考虑到本实验设计,黄条鰤在操作胁迫中要反复经历拥挤-暴露,大量的葡萄糖可能在此过程中被消耗供能,从而导致胁迫后的血糖含量降低。因此,后续在设计相关实验时可增加胁迫进行时的取样节点,从而更全面阐明血糖的变化特征。
急性操作胁迫对鱼类氧化平衡具有重要影响。MDA作为脂质过氧化反应产物,是反映机体氧化水平的重要指标[27]。SOD、CAT和GSH-Px作为机体重要的抗氧化酶,可通过分解超氧自由基或过氧化物来降低细胞氧化损伤[28-29]。在本研究中,急性操作胁迫可导致SOD、GSH-Px、CAT和MDA含量升高,且随恢复时间延长,以上指标均呈现先升高后降低的趋势,并在恢复至6 h时达到峰值,这与在云纹石斑鱼[18]和四指马鲅[17]上的研究结果相似。以上现象说明急性操作胁迫可导致黄条鰤氧化应激,机体为了维持氧化平衡也相应的提高了抗氧化酶活力。当恢复时间持续至24 h,仅CAT活力和MDA含量降至初始水平,SOD和GSH-Px活力仍显著高于对照组,这意味着急性操作胁迫对不同抗氧化酶系统的影响存在差异,且黄条鰤完全恢复氧化平衡的时间超过24 h。肝脏受损可导致GOT和GPT进入血液,因此血清转氨酶是反映肝脏健康的重要指标[30]。在本研究中,随恢复时间延长,黄条鰤血清GOT和GPT含量先升高后降低,并在恢复6 h时显著最高,说明急性操作胁迫对肝脏造成了一定损伤,这与大黄鱼在转运胁迫中的反应一致[31]。当恢复时间持续到24 h,GOT和GPT含量有所降低,但仍显著高于胁迫前水平,说明黄条鰤肝脏健康完全恢复的时间超过24 h。
鳃既是鱼类呼吸的主要器官,也在调节机体渗透压平衡中发挥关键作用[32]。在本研究中,黄条鰤鳃组织形态在急性操作胁迫中发生了显著变化,主要表现为鳃小片弯曲肿胀、细胞空泡化及上皮细胞排列紊乱等,这与在美洲鲥(Alosa sapidissima[33]、四指马鲅[34]上的胁迫结果相似。急性操作胁迫也会导致鳃小片间距和长度显著增加,这与大黄鱼[31]在转运过程中的反应一致,推测以上变化可能有利于提高鱼类在应激状态下的氧气摄取效率。在操作胁迫恢复24 h后,黄条鰤鳃丝仍未完全恢复至初始形态,鳃小片长度与对照组存在显著差异,表明急性操作胁迫可破坏黄条鰤鳃组织形态,且鳃结构恢复时间超过24 h。NKA酶和CMA酶是细胞膜束缚酶,其可通过调节细胞膜内外的Na+、K+、Ca2+和Mg2+离子浓度来保持机体渗透压平衡,维持神经信号传递、肌肉收缩等活动的正常进行,从而保证机体适应生存环境的变化[35]。本研究显示,急性操作胁迫可导致黄条鰤鳃NKA酶和CMA酶活力显著降低,随恢复时间延长,NKA酶和CMA酶活力均呈现先降低后升高的趋势,并在恢复6 h时达到谷值,这与在云纹石斑鱼[18]和大黄鱼[31]上的实验结果相似,说明急性操作胁迫会降低鱼类渗透压调节能力。当恢复时间达到24 h时,仅NKA酶活力升至胁迫前水平,CMA酶活力依然显著低于胁迫前,进一步说明了黄条鰤鳃渗透压调节功能完全恢复的时间超过了24 h。
鱼类体表黏液菌群是附着在皮肤黏液层中的微生物群落,其在维持体表微生态平衡、辅助宿主代谢和调节免疫中发挥重要作用[36]。Cámara-Ruiz等[37]认为体表黏液微生物组成特征可以直接反映鱼体健康状态。郑跃平等[38]进一步研究发现,亚健康状态下的中华鲟(Acipenser sinensis)体表黏液致病菌丰度显著升高。本研究显示,急性操作胁迫并未对黄条鰤体表黏液菌群组成α-多样性造成显著影响,但是加剧了菌群失调。对于β-多样性,恢复6~24 h的菌群组成与对照组聚类关系较远,意味着急性操作胁迫对黄条鰤体表黏液菌群构成改变较大,且这种变化在胁迫结束后的24 h也未恢复。根据各组菌群在门水平的组成,操作胁迫导致黄条鰤体表黏液变形菌门、拟杆菌门和疣微菌门丰度升高,其中变形菌门是判断疾病的潜在标志[39],其丰度升高可能导致宿主免疫功能失调及营养代谢紊乱[40]。根据种水平菌群组成,急性操作胁迫后的0~24 h,灿烂弧菌、鳎黏着杆菌、舌齿鲈黏着杆菌的丰度均显著高于对照组,其中灿烂弧菌是水产动物常见病原体,可通过溶血素引发水产动物皮肤溃烂及内脏出血[41-42],舌齿鲈黏着杆菌可通过侵入鳃部导致鱼类急性感染[43]。而关于鳎黏着杆菌的研究较少,其最初由患病塞内加尔鳎(Solea senegalensis Kaup)中分离得到,可能是鱼类潜在的致病菌[44]。因此,操作胁迫可破坏黄条鰤体表黏液菌群平衡,使致病菌丰度增加,且黏液菌群结构恢复正常的时间超过24 h。
黄条鰤受到拥挤-暴露操作胁迫后,其血清生化指标、抗氧化平衡、肝脏健康、鳃组织形态和体表黏液菌群组成均受到负面影响,且这种影响在操作胁迫结束后的6 h最严重。随恢复时间延长,黄条鰤各项指标趋向胁迫前水平,但是血清转氨酶、鳃组织形态、体表黏液菌群组成等在胁迫24 h后均未完全恢复。研究结果表明,黄条鰤从急性操作胁迫中完全恢复的时间超过24 h,胁迫后的6 h内是采取措施缓解应激的关键节点;调节体表黏液菌群是缓解应激的潜在思路。
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2025年第32卷第12期
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doi: 10.12264/JFSC2025-0252
  • 接收时间:2025-09-11
  • 首发时间:2026-06-10
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  • 收稿日期:2025-09-11
  • 修回日期:2025-10-10
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    中国水产科学研究院黄海水产研究所,海水养殖生物育种与可持续产出全国重点实验室,山东 青岛 266071

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徐永江,研究员,研究方向为海水鱼类设施化养殖技术. E-mail:
XU Yongjiang. E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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