Article(id=1271391585582392220, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1271160618791747662, issueId=1271391553579848391, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.12264/JFSC2025-0143, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1748275200000, receivedDateStr=2025-05-27, revisedDate=1749657600000, revisedDateStr=2025-06-12, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1781052975316, onlineDateStr=2026-06-10, pubDate=null, pubDateStr=null, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1781052975316, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-06-10, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1781052975316, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1781052975316, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1271391553579848391, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1271160618791747662, year='2025', volume='32', issue='12', pageStart='1717', pageEnd='1844', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1781052967652, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1781053078366, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1271392018073849945, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1271160618791747662, issueId=1271391553579848391, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1271392018078044250, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1271160618791747662, issueId=1271391553579848391, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=1822, endPage=1835, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1271391585800496030, articleId=1271391585582392220, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1271160618791747662, language=EN, title=Succession and coexistence of dominant zooplankton species in the Xiangshan Bay, columnId=null, journalTitle=Journal of Fishery Sciences of China, columnName=null, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Dominant species are essential components of ecological communities. Continuous and periodic surveys are critical for analyzing the spatio-temporal variation characteristics of dominant species. These variations in abundance are central to understanding succession characteristics and interspecific relationships. In this study, we investigated the succession characteristics and coexistence relationships of dominant zooplankton species in Xiangshan Bay through monthly surveys conducted over one year. Succession patterns were clarified by analyzing monthly changes in abundance and succession rates, combined with species ecological features. Coexistence relationships among dominant species were examined from a niche perspective by utilizing niche breadth values, niche overlap values between species pairs, and feeding habits. The results showed that the ecological group was singular, with cold-water species comprising 96.43% of the total abundance of dominant species from January to May. Warm-water species accounted for 79.14% from June to December, with the ecological group becoming more diverse. This pattern resembled that of other subtropical sea areas, where ecological groups of zooplankton were temperature-driven and successively shifted from warm-temperate to subtropical species. Abundances of Acartia pacifica, Canthocalanus pauper, and Centropages abdominalis peaked in July (summer), October (autumn), and January (winter), respectively. These peaks coincided with the peak times of the unimodal models of total and average abundance of dominant species in summer, autumn, and winter, respectively. Notably, the outbreak time of C. abdominalis occurred earlier than that in a similar study area in past research, likely reflecting thermal discharges from power plants and global warming. The succession rate of dominant species between adjacent months was generally above 50%. The Cochran and Friedman tests revealed extremely significant differences in species composition and dominant species abundance (P<0.01). Coexistence relationships among dominant species followed the niche differentiation theory: in resource-limited environments, similar species would compete intensely, and without niche separation, disadvantaged species would be eliminated. Herbivorous (Calanus sinicus, Paracalanus parvus, and Subeucalanus subcrassus) and carnivorous (Labidocera euchaeta and Calanopia thompsoni) species (with the same feeding habits) became dominant in different months. Species within the genera Tortanus, Paracalanus, and Centropages also alternated dominance across months. Spatial niche overlap among C. dorsispinus, L. euchaeta, and A. pacifica was moderate (0.6≥Qik≥0.3), whereas their temporal niche overlap was high (Qik>0.6). Temporal and spatial niche overlap among C. thompsoni, C. pauper, S. subcrassus, and P. aculeatus was high (Qik>0.6); however, they differed in food types and particle sizes. Overall, the findings indicated that succession of dominant zooplankton species was relatively frequent, while dominant species coexistence followed the niche differentiation theory. The findings of this study provide fundamental data for understanding interspecific coexistence and community assembly mechanisms of zooplankton in Xiangshan Bay.

, correspAuthors=Yunrong SHI, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Jieqing YANG, Jinchen YU, Sen LI, Jin ZHOU, Lang CHEN, Xinran LI, Qinghe LIU, Yunrong SHI, Qing XU), CN=ArticleExt(id=1271391589390820268, articleId=1271391585582392220, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1271160618791747662, language=CN, title=象山港浮游动物优势种演替与共存, columnId=1271391555995767499, journalTitle=中国水产科学, columnName=研究论文, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

为探究浮游动物优势种时间演替特征和共存关系,本研究以象山港海域浮游动物优势种为研究对象,对其进行了逐月的调查。从时间尺度上通过分析丰度月变化和演替率的方法,结合物种生态属性,阐明了浮游动物优势种演替特征,从生态位角度结合生态位宽度值、物种对间的生态位重叠值和食性等方法探讨了优势种之间的共存关系。结果显示,1—5月优势种生态类群单一,冷水种占优势种总丰度的96.43%,6—12月优势种生态类群丰富,暖水种占优势种总丰度的79.14%;太平洋纺锤水蚤(Acartia pacifica)丰度于夏季7月达峰值,微刺哲水蚤(Canthocalanus pauper)于秋季10月达峰值,腹针胸刺水蚤(Centropages abdominalis)于冬季1月达峰值,其峰值月份分别与夏季、秋季和冬季优势种总丰度和平均丰度单峰模型达峰值时间一致;相邻月份优势种时间演替率整体在50%以上,Cochran检验和Friedman检验显示优势种无论是种类组成还是丰度,月分布均差异极显著(P<0.01)。植食性的中华哲水蚤(Calanus sinicus)、小拟哲水蚤(Paracalanus parvus)和亚强次真哲水蚤(Subeucalanus subcrassus),肉食性的真刺唇角水蚤(Labidocera euchaeta)和汤氏长足水蚤(Calanopia thompsoni)等优势种于不同月份成为优势种,歪水蚤属(Tortanus)、拟哲水蚤属(Paracalanus)和胸刺水蚤属(Centropages)内的物种成为优势种的月份也具差异;背针胸刺水蚤(Centropages dorsispinatus)、真刺唇角水蚤和太平洋纺锤水蚤相互之间,其食性相似且时间生态位重叠值高(Qik>0.6),而空间生态位重叠值为一般(0.6≥Qik≥0.3);汤氏长足水蚤、微刺哲水蚤、亚强次真哲水蚤和针刺拟哲水蚤(Paracalanus aculeatus)相互之间,时间和空间生态位重叠值均为高(Qik>0.6),其食物种类、粒径等存在差异。结果表明,浮游动物优势种演替较为频繁,年内优势种生态类群由冷水种占主导向暖水种占主导的方向演替,优势种暴发对总丰度贡献较大;优势种之间的共存遵循生态位分化理论。研究结果可为浮游动物种间关系及群落构建机制提供参考。

, correspAuthors=史赟荣, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
史赟荣,副研究员,研究方向为渔业生态学评价. E-mail:
SHI Yunrong. E-mail:
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杨杰青,男,助理研究员,研究方向为渔业生态学与环境保护. E-mail:

, authorsList=杨杰青, 俞锦辰, 李森, 周进, 陈朗, 李欣然, 刘清河, 史赟荣, 徐清)}, authors=[Author(id=1271391589919302586, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1271160618791747662, articleId=1271391585582392220, orderNo=0, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=513118751@qq.com, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1271391590015771581, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1271160618791747662, articleId=1271391585582392220, authorId=1271391589919302586, language=EN, stringName=Jieqing YANG, firstName=Jieqing, middleName=null, lastName=YANG, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1Key Laboratory of East China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; East China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, China Academy of Fishery Science, Shanghai 200090, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1271391590363898814, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1271160618791747662, articleId=1271391585582392220, authorId=1271391589919302586, language=CN, stringName=杨杰青, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1.中国水产科学研究院东海水产研究所,农业农村部东海渔业资源开发利用重点实验室,上海 200090, bio={"content":"

杨杰青,男,助理研究员,研究方向为渔业生态学与环境保护. E-mail:

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杨杰青,男,助理研究员,研究方向为渔业生态学与环境保护. E-mail:

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Stockholm: University of Stockholm,1984., refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1271391610005823549, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1271160618791747662, articleId=1271391585582392220, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[58], rfOrder=57, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Li S, Fang J C. The developmental stages of Calanopia thompsoni A. Scott[J]. Journal of Xiamen University (Natural Science), 1984, 23(3): 391-397. [李松,方金钏. 汤氏长足水蚤幼体发育的研究[J]. 厦门大学学报(自然科学版), 1984, 23(3): 391-397.], articleTitle=Li S, Fang J C. The developmental stages of Calanopia thompsoni A. Scott[J]. Journal of Xiamen University (Natural Science), 1984, 23(3): 391-397. 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[杨杰青,陈朗,杨阳阳,等. 长江口及邻近海域春、夏季浮游动物优势种时空生态位分析[J]. 中国水产科学,2022, 29(11): 1625-1635.], refAbstract=null)], funds=null, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1271391589600535470, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1271160618791747662, articleId=1271391585582392220, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1271391589608924079, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1271160618791747662, articleId=1271391585582392220, companyId=1271391589600535470, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1Key Laboratory of East China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; East China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, China Academy of Fishery Science, Shanghai 200090, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1271391589617312688, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1271160618791747662, articleId=1271391585582392220, companyId=1271391589600535470, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.中国水产科学研究院东海水产研究所,农业农村部东海渔业资源开发利用重点实验室,上海 200090)]), AuthorCompany(id=1271391589688615857, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1271160618791747662, articleId=1271391585582392220, xref=2, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1271391589697004466, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1271160618791747662, articleId=1271391585582392220, companyId=1271391589688615857, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2College of Oceanology and Ecology Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1271391589705393075, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1271160618791747662, articleId=1271391585582392220, companyId=1271391589688615857, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.上海海洋大学海洋科学与生态环境学院,上海 201306)]), AuthorCompany(id=1271391589759919029, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1271160618791747662, articleId=1271391585582392220, xref=3, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1271391589768307638, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1271160618791747662, articleId=1271391585582392220, companyId=1271391589759919029, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3Ningbo Marine Center, Ministry of Natural Resources, Ningbo 315012, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1271391589776696247, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1271160618791747662, articleId=1271391585582392220, companyId=1271391589759919029, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3.自然资源部宁波海洋中心,浙江 宁波 315012)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1271391601256506355, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1271160618791747662, articleId=1271391585582392220, language=EN, label=Fig. 1, caption=Map of the sampling sites, figureFileSmall=aRmKcZbk/zd3Tp/RtOjS/g==, figureFileBig=Dd5ivImdrKlDOaay35nC1A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1271391602795815924, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1271160618791747662, articleId=1271391585582392220, language=CN, label=图1, caption=采样站位图, figureFileSmall=aRmKcZbk/zd3Tp/RtOjS/g==, figureFileBig=Dd5ivImdrKlDOaay35nC1A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1271391602976170997, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1271160618791747662, articleId=1271391585582392220, language=EN, label=Fig. 2, caption=Monthly changes in the average abundance of dominant zooplankton species in the Xiangshan Bay, figureFileSmall=qSQi/hhxjzP3VZSWslcBLQ==, figureFileBig=mDfNKQ1OWgrW0gXEIRlLXw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1271391603051668470, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1271160618791747662, articleId=1271391585582392220, language=CN, label=图2, caption=象山港各月份浮游动物优势种平均丰度变化

a. 植食性桡足类分布图;b. 肉食性桡足类分布图;c. 杂食性桡足类分布图;d. 肉食性其他类分布图.

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The average value of temperature and salinity in each month in the Xiangshan Bay

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月份month温度/℃ temperature盐度salinity
1月January9.59±0.44a27.94±0.30cd
2月February9.93±0.71a28.20±0.55cd
3月March13.55±1.0426.41±0.68ab
4月April17.21±1.2827.64±0.91c
5月May22.94±0.7827.75±0.74cd
6月June26.57±0.8326.79±1.15b
7月July28.46±1.10b26.90±1.56b
8月August28.81±1.88bc26.84±0.99b
9月September29.21±0.62c26.14±2.17a
10月October23.73±0.3826.79±0.16b
11月November18.54±0.6127.84±1.09cd
12月December11.65±0.7528.28±0.29d
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象山港各月份温度和盐度平均值

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月份month温度/℃ temperature盐度salinity
1月January9.59±0.44a27.94±0.30cd
2月February9.93±0.71a28.20±0.55cd
3月March13.55±1.0426.41±0.68ab
4月April17.21±1.2827.64±0.91c
5月May22.94±0.7827.75±0.74cd
6月June26.57±0.8326.79±1.15b
7月July28.46±1.10b26.90±1.56b
8月August28.81±1.88bc26.84±0.99b
9月September29.21±0.62c26.14±2.17a
10月October23.73±0.3826.79±0.16b
11月November18.54±0.6127.84±1.09cd
12月December11.65±0.7528.28±0.29d
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Dominance, average abundance and ecological groups of dominant zooplankton species in each month in the Xiangshan Bay

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象山港各月份浮游动物优势种优势度(Y)、平均丰度(ind/m3)和生态类群

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), ArticleFig(id=1271391603760504832, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1271160618791747662, articleId=1271391585582392220, language=EN, label=Tab. 3, caption=

Temporal niche overlaps (under the diagonal) and spatial niche overlaps (above the diagonal) of dominant zooplankton species in the Xiangshan Bay

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编号codeA1A2A3A4A5A6A7A8A9A10A11A12A13A14A15A16A17
A110.770.710.420.420.830.750.420.620.750.610.510.900.790.790.600.50
A20.9610.650.470.440.790.670.370.610.510.750.440.710.810.770.620.14
A30.010.0110.550.650.610.610.580.650.520.500.520.690.720.610.570.33
A40.000.000.9510.700.330.500.810.720.260.400.510.440.610.440.390.08
A50.620.450.030.0010.350.580.850.870.240.480.540.490.660.440.370.03
A60.080.000.130.030.1610.670.270.480.740.680.420.800.700.780.570.24
A70.150.050.090.000.760.3310.450.680.570.600.480.850.920.740.640.19
A80.000.000.240.180.000.020.0010.820.230.340.570.420.550.380.290.25
A90.980.930.020.000.650.070.220.0010.360.520.520.620.750.560.470.07
A100.010.010.160.050.260.510.700.010.1510.440.350.780.570.620.480.36
A110.060.050.120.010.280.470.700.000.200.9710.550.670.730.800.600.11
A120.030.010.260.180.030.090.040.970.030.050.0510.470.640.570.630.24
A130.680.500.070.010.920.310.720.020.750.460.500.0710.870.870.600.39
A140.550.490.100.000.720.410.800.000.650.800.800.050.8510.830.710.17
A150.540.500.150.020.510.460.450.000.590.540.420.040.590.7610.680.29
A160.080.020.110.010.450.510.680.000.160.730.580.030.480.720.8010.12
A170.360.170.010.000.940.050.750.000.390.140.150.020.790.530.340.421
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象山港浮游动物优势种的时间生态位(对角线以下)和空间生态位(对角线以上)重叠值

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编号codeA1A2A3A4A5A6A7A8A9A10A11A12A13A14A15A16A17
A110.770.710.420.420.830.750.420.620.750.610.510.900.790.790.600.50
A20.9610.650.470.440.790.670.370.610.510.750.440.710.810.770.620.14
A30.010.0110.550.650.610.610.580.650.520.500.520.690.720.610.570.33
A40.000.000.9510.700.330.500.810.720.260.400.510.440.610.440.390.08
A50.620.450.030.0010.350.580.850.870.240.480.540.490.660.440.370.03
A60.080.000.130.030.1610.670.270.480.740.680.420.800.700.780.570.24
A70.150.050.090.000.760.3310.450.680.570.600.480.850.920.740.640.19
A80.000.000.240.180.000.020.0010.820.230.340.570.420.550.380.290.25
A90.980.930.020.000.650.070.220.0010.360.520.520.620.750.560.470.07
A100.010.010.160.050.260.510.700.010.1510.440.350.780.570.620.480.36
A110.060.050.120.010.280.470.700.000.200.9710.550.670.730.800.600.11
A120.030.010.260.180.030.090.040.970.030.050.0510.470.640.570.630.24
A130.680.500.070.010.920.310.720.020.750.460.500.0710.870.870.600.39
A140.550.490.100.000.720.410.800.000.650.800.800.050.8510.830.710.17
A150.540.500.150.020.510.460.450.000.590.540.420.040.590.7610.680.29
A160.080.020.110.010.450.510.680.000.160.730.580.030.480.720.8010.12
A170.360.170.010.000.940.050.750.000.390.140.150.020.790.530.340.421
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Niche breadth of dominant zooplankton species in the Xiangshan Bay

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编号code时间生态位宽度temporal niche breadth空间生态位宽度spatial niche breadth
A10.450.93
A20.070.87
A30.570.92
A40.460.85
A50.610.85
A60.500.89
A70.500.88
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象山港海域浮游动物优势种的生态位宽度

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象山港浮游动物优势种演替与共存
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杨杰青 1 , 俞锦辰 1 , 李森 2 , 周进 1 , 陈朗 1 , 李欣然 1 , 刘清河 1 , 史赟荣 *, 1, * , 徐清 3
中国水产科学 | 研究论文 2025,32(12): 1822-1835
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中国水产科学 | 研究论文 2025, 32(12): 1822-1835
象山港浮游动物优势种演替与共存
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杨杰青1 , 俞锦辰1, 李森2, 周进1, 陈朗1, 李欣然1, 刘清河1, 史赟荣*, 1, * , 徐清3
作者信息
  • 1.中国水产科学研究院东海水产研究所,农业农村部东海渔业资源开发利用重点实验室,上海 200090
  • 2.上海海洋大学海洋科学与生态环境学院,上海 201306
  • 3.自然资源部宁波海洋中心,浙江 宁波 315012
  • 杨杰青,男,助理研究员,研究方向为渔业生态学与环境保护. E-mail:

通讯作者:

史赟荣,副研究员,研究方向为渔业生态学评价. E-mail:
SHI Yunrong. E-mail:
Succession and coexistence of dominant zooplankton species in the Xiangshan Bay
Jieqing YANG1 , Jinchen YU1, Sen LI2, Jin ZHOU1, Lang CHEN1, Xinran LI1, Qinghe LIU1, Yunrong SHI1 , Qing XU3
Affiliations
  • 1Key Laboratory of East China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; East China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, China Academy of Fishery Science, Shanghai 200090, China
  • 2College of Oceanology and Ecology Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
  • 3Ningbo Marine Center, Ministry of Natural Resources, Ningbo 315012, China
doi: 10.12264/JFSC2025-0143
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为探究浮游动物优势种时间演替特征和共存关系,本研究以象山港海域浮游动物优势种为研究对象,对其进行了逐月的调查。从时间尺度上通过分析丰度月变化和演替率的方法,结合物种生态属性,阐明了浮游动物优势种演替特征,从生态位角度结合生态位宽度值、物种对间的生态位重叠值和食性等方法探讨了优势种之间的共存关系。结果显示,1—5月优势种生态类群单一,冷水种占优势种总丰度的96.43%,6—12月优势种生态类群丰富,暖水种占优势种总丰度的79.14%;太平洋纺锤水蚤(Acartia pacifica)丰度于夏季7月达峰值,微刺哲水蚤(Canthocalanus pauper)于秋季10月达峰值,腹针胸刺水蚤(Centropages abdominalis)于冬季1月达峰值,其峰值月份分别与夏季、秋季和冬季优势种总丰度和平均丰度单峰模型达峰值时间一致;相邻月份优势种时间演替率整体在50%以上,Cochran检验和Friedman检验显示优势种无论是种类组成还是丰度,月分布均差异极显著(P<0.01)。植食性的中华哲水蚤(Calanus sinicus)、小拟哲水蚤(Paracalanus parvus)和亚强次真哲水蚤(Subeucalanus subcrassus),肉食性的真刺唇角水蚤(Labidocera euchaeta)和汤氏长足水蚤(Calanopia thompsoni)等优势种于不同月份成为优势种,歪水蚤属(Tortanus)、拟哲水蚤属(Paracalanus)和胸刺水蚤属(Centropages)内的物种成为优势种的月份也具差异;背针胸刺水蚤(Centropages dorsispinatus)、真刺唇角水蚤和太平洋纺锤水蚤相互之间,其食性相似且时间生态位重叠值高(Qik>0.6),而空间生态位重叠值为一般(0.6≥Qik≥0.3);汤氏长足水蚤、微刺哲水蚤、亚强次真哲水蚤和针刺拟哲水蚤(Paracalanus aculeatus)相互之间,时间和空间生态位重叠值均为高(Qik>0.6),其食物种类、粒径等存在差异。结果表明,浮游动物优势种演替较为频繁,年内优势种生态类群由冷水种占主导向暖水种占主导的方向演替,优势种暴发对总丰度贡献较大;优势种之间的共存遵循生态位分化理论。研究结果可为浮游动物种间关系及群落构建机制提供参考。

象山港  /  浮游动物  /  优势种  /  演替  /  共存  /  生态位

Dominant species are essential components of ecological communities. Continuous and periodic surveys are critical for analyzing the spatio-temporal variation characteristics of dominant species. These variations in abundance are central to understanding succession characteristics and interspecific relationships. In this study, we investigated the succession characteristics and coexistence relationships of dominant zooplankton species in Xiangshan Bay through monthly surveys conducted over one year. Succession patterns were clarified by analyzing monthly changes in abundance and succession rates, combined with species ecological features. Coexistence relationships among dominant species were examined from a niche perspective by utilizing niche breadth values, niche overlap values between species pairs, and feeding habits. The results showed that the ecological group was singular, with cold-water species comprising 96.43% of the total abundance of dominant species from January to May. Warm-water species accounted for 79.14% from June to December, with the ecological group becoming more diverse. This pattern resembled that of other subtropical sea areas, where ecological groups of zooplankton were temperature-driven and successively shifted from warm-temperate to subtropical species. Abundances of Acartia pacifica, Canthocalanus pauper, and Centropages abdominalis peaked in July (summer), October (autumn), and January (winter), respectively. These peaks coincided with the peak times of the unimodal models of total and average abundance of dominant species in summer, autumn, and winter, respectively. Notably, the outbreak time of C. abdominalis occurred earlier than that in a similar study area in past research, likely reflecting thermal discharges from power plants and global warming. The succession rate of dominant species between adjacent months was generally above 50%. The Cochran and Friedman tests revealed extremely significant differences in species composition and dominant species abundance (P<0.01). Coexistence relationships among dominant species followed the niche differentiation theory: in resource-limited environments, similar species would compete intensely, and without niche separation, disadvantaged species would be eliminated. Herbivorous (Calanus sinicus, Paracalanus parvus, and Subeucalanus subcrassus) and carnivorous (Labidocera euchaeta and Calanopia thompsoni) species (with the same feeding habits) became dominant in different months. Species within the genera Tortanus, Paracalanus, and Centropages also alternated dominance across months. Spatial niche overlap among C. dorsispinus, L. euchaeta, and A. pacifica was moderate (0.6≥Qik≥0.3), whereas their temporal niche overlap was high (Qik>0.6). Temporal and spatial niche overlap among C. thompsoni, C. pauper, S. subcrassus, and P. aculeatus was high (Qik>0.6); however, they differed in food types and particle sizes. Overall, the findings indicated that succession of dominant zooplankton species was relatively frequent, while dominant species coexistence followed the niche differentiation theory. The findings of this study provide fundamental data for understanding interspecific coexistence and community assembly mechanisms of zooplankton in Xiangshan Bay.

Xiangshan Bay  /  zooplankton  /  dominant species  /  succession  /  coexistence  /  niche
杨杰青, 俞锦辰, 李森, 周进, 陈朗, 李欣然, 刘清河, 史赟荣, 徐清. 象山港浮游动物优势种演替与共存. 中国水产科学, 2025 , 32 (12) : 1822 -1835 . DOI: 10.12264/JFSC2025-0143
Jieqing YANG, Jinchen YU, Sen LI, Jin ZHOU, Lang CHEN, Xinran LI, Qinghe LIU, Yunrong SHI, Qing XU. Succession and coexistence of dominant zooplankton species in the Xiangshan Bay[J]. Journal of Fishery Sciences of China, 2025 , 32 (12) : 1822 -1835 . DOI: 10.12264/JFSC2025-0143
群落演替是指在一定时间和空间内,生物群落的组成、结构和功能随时间或环境变化而发生的有序更替过程[1]。在季节变化上,海洋浮游生物[2-4]、鱼类[5-6]等均呈现季节演替特征;在气候变化上,陆地生态学层面可加速长白山森林沼泽交替群落演替成森林群落[7]等,海洋生态学层面促使英吉利海峡浮游动物由冷水种向暖水种占优演替[8],黄河口浮游植物由硅藻占优向甲藻-硅藻共同占优演替[9],大亚湾夏季鱼类由中上层大型鱼类演替为中底层小型鱼类[10]等。可见,时间尺度上群落受外界环境胁迫是演替的重要条件。因此,同一生态群落的长周期、固定连续监测数据对更好地揭示群落演替的规律至关重要。优势种在群落中通常占据较大数量,同时其数量变动制约群落结构。因此,探究优势种类群演变对了解群落演替规律至关重要。
在群落生态学研究中,生物如何共存为其重点研究内容之一。目前,基于生态位理论分析是其国内外主流的方法,该理论已被广泛应用于评价物种之间的关系、群落演替、生物多样性、群落结构及功能的研究等方面[11-13]。生态位体现了群落中某一物种与其他物种在时间、空间、营养及其功能上的相对位置[14],生态位包含时间生态位、空间生态位和营养生态位等维度。研究发现,生态位相似物种在资源有限的环境中会发生激烈竞争,若不发生生态位分离,处于劣势一方将被淘汰[15-16],这在海洋浮游生物[17]、底栖动物[18]和鱼类[19]共存格局的研究中已被证实。因此,基于生态位理论探究优势种之间的共存关系有助于理解生物共存格局及群落构建机制。
象山港位于中国东部,近邻杭州湾,属于半封闭的狭长海湾,海域环境季节变化明显[20],水流相对平稳,浮游生物群落也具季节变化特征[21],同时也是多种鱼类的产卵和育幼场所[22]。目前,该区域浮游动物分布[21,23]、群落结构[20,24]及其对环境变化[25]的响应等已有不少研究,但关于浮游动物优势种长周期如何演替及共存等科学问题并不清晰,探究象山港浮游动物优势种时间演替与共存格局,可为阐明其共存机制提供依据。
本研究对象山港海域浮游动物进行了逐月调查,从时间尺度上探讨该海域浮游动物优势种演替特征,并从生态位角度探究了浮游动物优势种之间共存关系,以期为象山港海域浮游动物种间关系、群落构建机制等的研究提供基础资料。
调查范围位于象山港海域:29.43°N~29.72°N,121.47°E~121.95°E。调查共计12个航次,调查时间为2023年2月至2024年1月的每月下旬,调查共设置30个站位(图1)。
浮游动物样品采集与分析方法按照《海洋调查规范第6部分:海洋生物调查》(GB/T12763.6-2007)进行,采用网口内径50 cm、网长145 cm、网囊网目为0.505 mm的浅水I型浮游动物网,由底层至表层垂直拖网一次,网口配有流量计(Hydro-Bios,德国)用于计算滤水体积,采集后的样品立即用福尔马林溶液固定至终浓度为5%,带回实验室于Olympus体视显微镜(SZX-16,日本)下分析鉴定其种类、个数等。温度、盐度根据《海洋调查规范》(GB/T 12763.4-2007)采用YSI(YSI Pro Plus,美国)多参数水质分析仪直接水下分层测定。
浮游动物的优势度(Y)计算公式为:
$Y = {\rm{ }}\left({{n_i}/N} \right)\times {f_i}$
式中,ni为物种i的个体数,N为该海域所采集浮游动物总个数,fi为物种i在各站位出现频率,优势种以Y≥0.02为划分标准。
优势种演替率(R)计算公式为:
$R =(a + b - 2c)/(a + b - c){\rm{ }} \times 100\% $
式中,ab分别为相应月份优势种的数目,c为两个月份共同的优势种数。
时间和空间生态位宽度(Bi)计算公式为[26]
${B_i} = - \frac{1}{{lgR}}\mathop \sum \limits_{j = 1}^R({P_{ij}}lg{P_{ij}})$
式中,R为月份总数时取值12,为站位总数时取值30,Pij为种i在第j个月份或站位的个体数占该种总个体数的比例,根据相关研究[27]Bi取值范围为[0~1],分为广生态位种(Bi≥0.7)、中生态位种(0.7>Bi≥0.5)和窄生态位种(0.5>Bi>0)。
生态位重叠值Qik采用Pianka指数[28],计算公式为:
${Q_{ik}} = \mathop \sum \limits_{j = 1}^R({P_{ij}}{P_{kj}})\times \sqrt {\mathop \sum \limits_{j = 1}^R P_{ij}^2\mathop \sum \limits_{j = 1}^R P_{kj}^2} $
式中,PijPkj为种i和种k的数量在j月份或站位所占比例,R为月份或站位总数,取值12或30,Qik的取值范围在0~1之间。据Wathne等[29]评判标准,Qik>0.6重叠度高,0.6≥Qik≥0.3重叠度一般,Qik<0.3重叠度低。
F检验分别分析月度间温度和盐度的显著性差异,用Cochran检验和Friedman检验分别分析月度间各优势种出现二元数据和丰度数据的显著性差异,以上分析显著性水平为P<0.01(极显著差异)和P<0.05(显著差异)两个水平。
象山港各月温度和盐度平均值如表1所示,温度由1—9月呈逐渐上升的变化趋势,9—12月逐渐降低,盐度1—2月和12月的冬季显著高于春季、夏季和秋季月份(P<0.05)。
象山港海域各优势种的优势度和平均丰度计算结果见表2,表中Y<0.02表示该物种于当月出现,但未成为优势种,如亚强次真哲水蚤(Subeucalanus subcrassus)仅于9—11月为优势种。优势种种类数1—5月较少,浮游动物由单一种占绝对优势,如1—3月,腹针胸刺水蚤占绝对优势,4—5月中华哲水蚤占绝对优势;而6—12月优势种种类数较多,除1~2种占绝对优势外,其余优势种之间分配较均匀,且占绝对优势的1~2种每月频繁演替。
参照相关研究,本研究植食性的优势种分别为中华哲水蚤(Calanus sinicus[30]、亚强次真哲水蚤[31]、微刺哲水蚤(Canthocalanus pauper[32]、针刺拟哲水蚤(Paracalanus aculeatus[33]和小拟哲水蚤(Paracalanus parvus[31],肉食性的优势种分别为真刺唇角水蚤(Labidocera euchaeta[34]、捷氏歪水蚤(Tortanus derjugini[35]、钳形歪水蚤(Tortanus forcipatus[35]、汤氏长足水蚤(Calanopia thompsoni[30]、百陶箭虫(Sagitta bedoti[36]、双生水母(Diphyes chamissonis[37]、球型侧腕水母(Pleurobrachia globosa[38]和瓜水母(Beroe cucumis[39],杂食性的优势种分别为太平洋纺锤水蚤(Acartia pacifica[40]、腹针胸刺水蚤(Centropages abdominalis[41]、瘦尾胸刺水蚤(Centropages tenuiremis[41]和背针胸刺水蚤(Centropages dorsispinatus[41]
象山港海域各优势种于一年之中的变化趋势如图2所示,中华哲水蚤、背针胸刺水蚤、百陶箭虫、真刺唇角水蚤、钳形歪水蚤等持续出现时间长的物种,其丰度呈波动变化,微刺哲水蚤、瘦尾胸刺水蚤和双生水母等出现时间短的物种,丰度呈单峰变化。
相同食性的物种于一年之中交替达峰值,如偏植食性的中华哲水蚤于4月达峰值,微刺哲水蚤、亚强次真哲水蚤和针刺拟哲水蚤于10月达峰值;肉食性的捷氏歪水蚤于4月达峰值,真刺唇角水蚤于6月达峰值,钳形歪水蚤于8月达峰值,汤氏长足水蚤于10月达峰值;杂食性的腹针胸刺水蚤于1月达峰值,瘦尾胸刺水蚤于6月达峰值,太平洋纺锤水蚤于7月达峰值,背针胸刺水蚤于8月达峰值;肉食性其他类的球型侧腕水母和瓜水母于6月达峰值,百陶箭虫于7月达峰值,双生水母于8月达峰值。
同属物种因食性相似,一年之中交替成为优势种,如捷氏歪水蚤5—9月出现,3—4月为优势种,钳形歪水蚤11—4月出现,8—9月为优势种;小拟哲水蚤5—7月和9—2月出现,11月为优势种;针刺拟哲水蚤7—1月出现,7—12月为优势种;腹针胸刺水蚤12—4月出现并成为优势种,瘦尾胸刺水蚤5—7月和12月出现,6月和12月为优势种,背针胸刺水蚤5—12月出现,6—9月和11月为优势种。
优势种平均丰度和总丰度变化趋势一致(图3),3—5月平均丰度和总丰度呈下降趋势,6—8月、9—11月和12—2月呈单峰变化趋势。季节上,冬季平均值较高,其次为夏季和秋季,春季最低。
根据优势种对温度和盐度的适应性[2-3,23],优势种生态类群主要有暖水种、近岸低盐种、高温高盐种、广温广盐种和冷水种(表2)。1—5月优势种生态类群相对单一,6—12月优势种生态类群相对丰富(图4)。1—5月的冷水种占据绝对优势,占优势种总丰度的96.43%,3—4月冷水种和近岸低盐种并存;5月暖水种开始出现,至12月均占有优势,6—12月暖水种占优势种总丰度的79.14%;9—11月高温高盐种持续出现。
优势种演替率一年之中呈波动变化(图5),除9月和11月演替率低于50%外,其余月份均高于50%,通过Cochran检验(Q=43.197,df=11,P<0.001)和Friedman检验(χ2=30.084,df=11,P=0.002)均发现相邻月份间优势种组成差异极显著,说明优势种无论是种类还是丰度水平均演替频繁。
时间生态位重叠值高而空间生态位重叠值一般或低的物种对有13对(表3),分别为亚强次真哲水蚤-钳形歪水蚤、中华哲水蚤-捷氏歪水蚤、钳形歪水蚤-背针胸刺水蚤、钳形歪水蚤-针刺拟哲水蚤、背针胸刺水蚤-真刺唇角水蚤、背针胸刺水蚤-太平洋纺锤水蚤、腹针胸刺水蚤-小拟哲水蚤、真刺唇角水蚤-太平洋纺锤水蚤、背针胸刺水蚤-双生水母、钳形歪水蚤-双生水母、真刺唇角水蚤-百陶箭虫、真刺唇角水蚤-瓜水母、针刺拟哲水蚤-双生水母。
时间和空间生态位重叠值均高的物种对有15对,分别为亚强次真哲水蚤-微刺哲水蚤、亚强次真哲水蚤-汤氏长足水蚤、亚强次真哲水蚤-针刺拟哲水蚤、微刺哲水蚤-汤氏长足水蚤、钳形歪水蚤-汤氏长足水蚤、汤氏长足水蚤-针刺拟哲水蚤、背针胸刺水蚤-针刺拟哲水蚤、钳形歪水蚤-百陶箭虫、背针胸刺水蚤-百陶箭虫、背针胸刺水蚤-瓜水母、汤氏长足水蚤-百陶箭虫、太平洋纺锤水蚤-百陶箭虫、百陶箭虫-球型侧腕水母、百陶箭虫-瓜水母、球型侧腕水母-瓜水母。
象山港浮游动物优势种在时间生态位上主要为中生态位种和窄生态位种(表4)。
中生态位种为:中华哲水蚤、钳形歪水蚤、针刺拟哲水蚤、百陶箭虫和瓜水母。
窄生态位种为:亚强次真哲水蚤、微刺哲水蚤、捷氏歪水蚤、背针胸刺水蚤、瘦尾胸刺水蚤、腹针胸刺水蚤、汤氏长足水蚤、真刺唇角水蚤、太平洋纺锤水蚤、小拟哲水蚤和双生水母。
广生态位种为:球型侧腕水母。
象山港浮游动物优势种在空间生态位上主要为广生态位种。
广生态位种为:亚强次真哲水蚤、微刺哲水蚤、中华哲水蚤、捷氏歪水蚤、钳形歪水蚤、瘦尾胸刺水蚤、背针胸刺水蚤、腹针胸刺水蚤、汤氏长足水蚤、真刺唇角水蚤、太平洋纺锤水蚤、小拟哲水蚤、针刺拟哲水蚤、百陶箭虫、球型侧腕水母和瓜水母。
中生态位种为:双生水母。
本研究发现象山港一年中浮游动物各优势种处于波动变化中。但各优势种的时间演替具有差异,如偏好中低温植食性[23,30]的中华哲水蚤于10月出现并持续至翌年7月,2—3月海域内低温环境并未有利于其大量繁殖,反而呈下降趋势,其持续出现时间较长,丰度受外界温度、饵料、天敌等环境变化呈波动变化,该时段与其食性相似的潜在竞争者丰度较低(表2),从食物链传递角度看,较低的浮游植物丰度[42]可能是限制其壮大的主要原因。近岸低盐偏肉食性[34]的真刺唇角水蚤于一年之中各月均出现,反映出该物种温度适应范围广,仅在6—7月成为优势种,8月至翌年5月其丰度均维持较低水平,说明其更偏好夏季近岸较低的盐度[43]和最高的饵料生物密度[44],这为其种群壮大提供了有利条件。暖水杂食性[40]的太平洋纺锤水蚤于3月出现,6月成为优势种并于7月丰度达峰值,优势地位持续至12月,于翌年1月开始逐渐消亡,夏季和秋季其群落优势地位与该区域其他研究结果相一致[21],反映出暖水种对夏季丰富的饵料和较高的温度的偏好。暖水肉食性[36]的百陶箭虫,主要摄食小型桡足类,于5月出现,丰度于6—8月达一年中较高范围且占有一定优势,至翌年1月慢慢消亡,与其饵料生物太平洋纺锤水蚤、小拟哲水蚤等小型桡足类出现时间一致,这为其生长提供了保障。
本研究显示优势种时间演替率较高,说明演替频繁。浮游动物优势种季节演替较为频繁的现象在亚热带其他海域[2,45-46]都有发现,本研究进一步发现相同季节内,月份之间优势种演替仍较频繁。冬季、春季和夏季月份,优势种演替率均高于50%,一方面说明该时段多数优势种利用时间生态位宽度有限,这也可由时间生态位宽度值整体不高来反映;另一方面,说明时间生态位上该海域多数优势种之间的竞争较为激烈,因为时间生态位宽度值低的物种构建的群落,生物之间的竞争作用主导群落构建机制[47]
随外界环境变化优势种生态类群组成由冷水种向暖水种占主导的方向演替。1—2月的冬季水温处于一年中的最低值[21],优势种中冷水种占绝对优势,3—5月温度的逐渐上升,优势种仍由冷水种主导,但辅有近岸低盐种或暖水种,6—8月温度达一年中最高值[43],外海高盐水的推进[48],优势种中暖水种占主导地位,并辅有近岸低盐种,9—11月温度的逐渐降低,但在外海高盐水的持续作用下,暖水种和高温高盐种占绝对优势,至12月温度大幅下降[20],冷水种又占有优势。本研究生态类群一年之中随温度变化的演替规律与亚热带的三沙湾海域浮游动物由暖温带种向亚热带种方向演替[2]具有相似性,说明温度变化是主导亚热带浮游动物生态类群时间演替的根本原因,而热带海域温度时间变化较小且年均温度较高,故浮游动物生态类群演替规律受温度的制约相对亚热带并不明显[3]
优势种平均丰度和总丰度波动变化趋势一致,夏季、秋季和冬季呈单峰演替,反映出主要由该季节相应优势种暴发所致。1月腹针胸刺水蚤平均丰度达1461.76 ind/m3,优势度高达0.73,研究发现该物种主要出现在冬季和春季[23,49],这与本研究其出现规律基本相一致,需要指出的是,近年来该物种的暴发较之前相似调查范围的研究有所提前,1980年[50]、2000年[51]其在春季3—4月暴发,2015年[21]和本研究2024年于冬季1月暴发,这是否与象山港内日益增多的电厂温排水或全球变暖使调查海域水温小幅度上升有直接关系,仍需后续长周期跟踪监测。7月暖水种太平洋纺锤水蚤平均丰度达144.61 ind/m3,优势度高达0.73,7月丰度达峰值的结果在其他研究[21]中也有报道,关于其爆发原因应与其为杂食性[40]且该时段饵料[44]相对丰富有关,另一方面上行控制者密度的影响将不可忽视,7月肉食性的箭虫和水母类均未成为优势种,说明对该种捕食有限。10月平均丰度和总丰度抬升主要由汤氏长足水蚤、针刺拟哲水蚤和微刺哲水蚤达丰度峰值所致(图2),作为偏高温高盐种的微刺哲水蚤,近年来于秋季成为该区域优势种[21,43],这是否与外海暖流和全球变暖的直接作用有关,值得以后的工作高度关注。鉴于本研究主要关注浮游动物优势种成体的演替特征,因采用《海洋调查规范第6部分:海洋生物调查》(GB/T12763.6-2007)进行采样的浅水I型浮游动物网网目为0.505 mm,稍大的网目可能导致包括腹针胸刺水蚤、太平洋纺锤水蚤、微刺哲水蚤、中华哲水蚤、针刺拟哲水蚤等桡足类幼体将被低估,一定程度上可能会对整个群落总丰度造成一定影响,这是本研究的不足之处。
在时间或空间维度上,生态位宽度值是衡量物种对资源环境利用的幅度[52]。本研究时间生态位上浮游动物优势种多为中生态位种和窄生态位种,空间生态位上多为广生态位种,说明其在时间利用上的范围为一般或窄,在空间利用上范围较广。在时间上交替成为优势种或达峰值,这应是其在时间生态位上存在分化的表现,为减少相互间竞争来共存。研究也发现,相同食性优势种共存时,通过时间生态位分化减少相互之间的竞争(表1图2)。植食性的中华哲水蚤、小拟哲水蚤和亚强次真哲水蚤,肉食性的捷氏歪水蚤、真刺唇角水蚤、钳形歪水蚤和汤氏长足水蚤,杂食性的腹针胸刺水蚤、背针胸刺水蚤、瘦尾胸刺水蚤和太平洋纺锤水蚤,其分布状态为交替成为优势种或达峰值,这与同域的陆地食肉性动物共存时于时间生态位上存在分化具有相似性[53]。因对环境的适应相似,对空间的利用也相似,虽同属植食性优势种,但为共存于该区域,其在食物种类和颗粒大小等营养上存在分化,如10月达峰值的亚强次真哲水蚤偏好大颗粒硅藻[54]、微刺哲水蚤偏好甲藻[32]、针刺拟哲水蚤偏好小颗粒硅藻[33]。此外,同一属内物种共存时,也遵循了时间生态位分化,以减弱相互之间的竞争,如捷氏歪水蚤3—4月成为优势种,钳形歪水蚤8—9月成为优势种,腹针胸刺水蚤12—4月成为优势种,背针胸刺水蚤6—9月和11月成为优势种,瘦尾胸刺水蚤6月和12月成为优势种,小拟哲水蚤11月成为优势种,针刺拟哲水蚤7—12月成为优势种,同属的物种因潜在的竞争作用较强,成为优势种的时间存在着差异。
根据生态位理论,生态位重叠值对相似生态位物种而言,值大易形成竞争[55],资源有限的前提下为实现共存,它们将至少在某一生态维度上发生分化。本研究发现时间生态位重叠值高且食性一致的物种对主要通过空间生态位分化实现共存,钳形歪水蚤-背针胸刺水蚤、背针胸刺水蚤-真刺唇角水蚤、背针胸刺水蚤-太平洋纺锤水蚤、真刺唇角水蚤-太平洋纺锤水蚤,其时间生态位重叠值高而空间生态位重叠值为一般或低,即通过占领不同的空间范围实现共存,这在其它海域浮游生物[56]、底栖动物[57]等共存关系上也有相似的表现。
而时间生态位重叠值和空间生态位重叠值均高的物种对,主要通过食性、食物种类、粒径等营养生态位分化实现共存。首先,亚强次真哲水蚤-汤氏长足水蚤、微刺哲水蚤-汤氏长足水蚤、针刺拟哲水蚤-汤氏长足水蚤、针刺拟哲水蚤-背针胸刺水蚤,这些物种对主要由偏植食性-肉食性或植食性-杂食性组成,其在食性上存在分化。其次,食性和环境需求一致的亚强次真哲水蚤-微刺哲水蚤、亚强次真哲水蚤-针刺拟哲水蚤,在饵料有限的前提下主要通过食物种类和颗粒大小的分化实现共存。钳形歪水蚤-汤氏长足水蚤、球型侧腕水母-瓜水母的共存关系更为复杂,除通过营养生态位分化共存外,也可能与其共存阶段饵料相对丰富有关。目前关于钳形歪水蚤和汤氏长足水蚤食性的报道有限,有研究发现与其亲缘关系较近的歪水蚤属(Tortanus)其它种类摄食包括中华异水蚤(Acartiella sinensis)在内的桡足类、丰年虫属(Artemia)的无节幼虫和鱼卵等[35],汤氏长足水蚤摄食双齿许水蚤(Pseudodiaptomus dubia)无节幼虫[58],但在该区域其食性是否遵循上述研究的差异,可通过今后研究给予证实。8月和9月小型浮游生物的高密度[44]可能减弱了二者的竞争使其同时成为优势种,当然二者也遵循了交替达峰值的演替原则,从而避免了激烈的竞争。栉水母类具有选择摄食能力[37,39],且摄食范围较广,包括桡足类、端足类、虾类、鱼类等。陈丽华等[38]发现球型侧腕水母胃含物内很大部分比例,非海域内主要优势种,因此球型侧腕水母和瓜水母选择摄食不同类群生物通过食性生态位的分化可能是其共存的一方面原因。另外作为高营养级生物,其丰度不高且于6月为优势种并共存,也说明其饵料较充分,并未对二者共存形成竞争局面。此外,由营养级方面的差异形成的共存,即具有捕食与被捕食关系,百陶箭虫-钳形歪水蚤、百陶箭虫-背针胸刺水蚤、百陶箭虫-汤氏长足水蚤、百陶箭虫-太平洋纺锤水蚤、瓜水母-背针胸刺水蚤、球型侧腕水母-百陶箭虫、瓜水母-百陶箭虫,这种时空追随关系已在以往的研究中被证实[27,59],为生态群落构建及营养物质传递提供了参考。
一年中,象山港浮游动物优势种时间演替率较高,演替特征明显,其中单一优势种丰度呈波动变化,同属内或同一食性的优势种交替成为优势种,优势种生态类群由冷水种向暖水种占主导的方向演替。优势种之间的共存关系遵循了生态位分化理论。
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2025年第32卷第12期
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doi: 10.12264/JFSC2025-0143
  • 接收时间:2025-05-27
  • 首发时间:2026-06-10
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  • 收稿日期:2025-05-27
  • 修回日期:2025-06-12
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    1.中国水产科学研究院东海水产研究所,农业农村部东海渔业资源开发利用重点实验室,上海 200090
    2.上海海洋大学海洋科学与生态环境学院,上海 201306
    3.自然资源部宁波海洋中心,浙江 宁波 315012

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史赟荣,副研究员,研究方向为渔业生态学评价. E-mail:
SHI Yunrong. E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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