Article(id=1297134086267621435, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1296801528146919473, issueId=1297134051446514419, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.12377/1671-4393.26.01.06, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=null, receivedDateStr=null, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1787190465751, onlineDateStr=2026-08-20, pubDate=1769270400000, pubDateStr=2026-01-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1787190465751, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-08-20, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1787190465751, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1787190465751, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1297134051446514419, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1296801528146919473, year='2026', volume='', issue='1', pageStart='2', pageEnd='131', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1769270400000', pubDateStr='2026-01-25', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1787190457450, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1787192303515, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1297141794467246419, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1296801528146919473, issueId=1297134051446514419, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1297141794467246420, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1296801528146919473, issueId=1297134051446514419, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=37, endPage=44, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1297134088209584189, articleId=1297134086267621435, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1296801528146919473, language=EN, title=Research on the Current Situation of Dairy Cow Breeding in Large-scale Pastures in Mudanjiang City, Heilongjiang Province, and Development Suggestions in 2023, columnId=1297134088129892412, journalTitle=China Dairy, columnName=SURVEY REPORT, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
[Objective] To systematically grasp the current status of key indicators for dairy cow breeding in large-scale pastures in Mudanjiang City, identify strengths and weaknesses in breeding management, and provide a scientific basis for improving regional dairy farming production efficiency and sustainable development levels.
[Method] In April 2024, a large-scale pasture in Mudanjiang City was selected as the research subject. Core data including herd structure, reproductive performance, disease incidence, culling/mortality rates, and lactation performance were collected through on-site investigation and compared with the national and Heilongjiang Province averages for the same period.
[Result] The herd structure of the pasture was relatively young but gradually stabilizing. The proportion of heifers at the beginning of the period was 29.0%, 32.2% by the end. Overall reproductive performance was at a medium level domestically. Pregnancy rates for timed artificial insemination and natural estrus were 43.9% and 39.1%, respectively. The calving interval was 382 days. Disease prevention and control achieved significant results, with low incidence rates for mammary and surgical diseases. However, obstetric diseases accounted for a high proportion (50.24%), and the incidence rate of internal medical diseases was 25.70%. The culling/mortality rate was slightly higher than the industry average. Dry cows had the highest rate (33.1%), followed by lactating cows (26.2%) and heifers (25.1%). Lactation performance had room for improvement. The average daily milk yield (29.3 kg) was higher than the national average, while the 305-day milk yield was 88 64 kg, milk fat percentage was 3.79%, and milk protein percentage was 3.32%, all lower than the national or Hei longjiang Province averages.
[Conclusion] The pasture has foundational advantages in herd structure optimization and prevention/control of certain diseases. However, improvements are still needed in reproductive efficiency enhancement, obstetric and internal medical disease prevention/control, and lactation performance optimization. It is recommended to comprehensively enhance pasture breeding efficiency and production levels by strengthening precise reproductive management, optimizing the disease prevention and control system, scientifically adjusting feed formulations, and standardizing milking operations.
, authors=Haifeng ZHANG, Siqi ZOU, Jiaxin CHENG, Junqi WANG, Haiyan WANG, Yuanyuan CHEN
*, Cheng XIA
*, authorsList=Haifeng ZHANG, Siqi ZOU, Jiaxin CHENG, Junqi WANG, Haiyan WANG, Yuanyuan CHEN, Cheng XIA, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Yuanyuan CHEN, Cheng XIA, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1297134090080243775, articleId=1297134086267621435, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1296801528146919473, language=CN, title=2023年黑龙江省牡丹江市规模化牧场奶牛养殖现状调研与发展建议, columnId=1297134089832779838, journalTitle=中国乳业, columnName=调研报告, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
［目的］ 系统掌握牡丹江市规模化牧场奶牛养殖关键指标现状，识别养殖管理中的优势与短板，为提升区域奶牛养殖生产效益与可持续发展水平提供科学依据。
［方法］ 2024年4月，以牡丹江市某规模化牧场为研究对象，通过实地调查收集牛群结构、繁殖性能、疾病发生、死淘情况及泌乳性能等核心数据，与国内及黑龙江省同期平均水平进行对比分析。
［结果］ 该牧场牛群结构偏年轻化且逐步趋于稳定，期初后备牛占比29.0%，期末32.2%；繁殖性能整体处于国内中等水平，同期发情与自然发情妊娠率分别为43.9%和39.1%，产犊间隔382天；疾病防控成效显著，乳房疾病和外科疾病发病率较低，但产科疾病占比高达50.24%，内科疾病发病率25.70%；死淘率略高于行业平均水平，干奶牛死淘率最高（33.1%），泌乳牛与青年牛分别为26.2%和25.1%；泌乳性能存在提升空间，平均日产奶量（29.3 kg）高于全国平均水平，但305天产奶量8 864 kg，乳脂率3.79%、乳蛋白率3.32%，均低于全国或黑龙江省平均水平。
［结论］ 该牧场在牛群结构优化、部分疾病防控方面具备基础优势，但在繁殖效率提升、产科与内科疾病防控、泌乳性能优化等方面仍需改进。建议通过强化繁殖精准管理、优化疾病防控体系、科学调整饲料配方及规范挤奶操作等措施，全面提升牧场养殖效益与生产水平。
, authors=张海峰, 邹思琪, 程佳鑫, 王俊淇, 王海妍, 陈媛媛
*, 夏成
*, authorsList=张海峰, 邹思琪, 程佳鑫, 王俊淇, 王海妍, 陈媛媛, 夏成, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=陈媛媛, 夏成, authorNote=
张海峰（2001-），男，四川绵阳人，硕士，研究方向为动物中毒病及营养代谢病
邹思琪（1999-），女，黑龙江黑河人，硕士，研究方向为动物中毒病及营养代谢病
程佳鑫（2000-），女，黑龙江黑河人，硕士，研究方向为动物中毒病及营养代谢病
王俊淇（2000-），男，黑龙江绥化人，硕士，研究方向为动物中毒病及营养代谢病
王海妍（2000-），女，黑龙江齐齐哈尔人，硕士，研究方向为动物中毒病及营养代谢病。
, correspAuthorsNote=
*
陈媛媛（1979-），女，吉林舒兰人，博士，副教授，研究方向为动物中毒病及营养代谢病
夏成（1964-），男，四川铜粱人，博士，教授，研究方向为动物营养代谢病。
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发表在《中国乳业》上的论文，视为将本论文的数字化复制权、发行权、汇编权及信息网络传播权许可给《中国乳业》使用。本刊已许可中国学术期刊（光盘版）电子杂志社、北京万方数据股份有限公司等多家单位在其相关数据库产品中以数字化方式复制、汇编、发行、信息网络传播本刊全文。作者向本刊提交文章发表的行为即视为同意我刊授权使用该文著作权。, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=UTJNhtWfr+a9YWlga4QY+Q==, magXml=MW8Qg+qWs7OaXDgvRfgAaA==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=GrD/aVMSW80FITEj8+HIGg==, pdfFileSize=811967, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=Zx1S2SIS1m9CCYJNU71Mmw==, mapNumber=null, fund=null)}, authors=[Author(id=1297134090361262148, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1296801528146919473, articleId=1297134086267621435, orderNo=0, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1297134090457731142, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1296801528146919473, articleId=1297134086267621435, authorId=1297134090361262148, language=EN, stringName=Haifeng ZHANG, firstName=Haifeng, middleName=null, lastName=ZHANG, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address=College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing Heilongjiang 163319, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1297134090533228615, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1296801528146919473, articleId=1297134086267621435, authorId=1297134090361262148, language=CN, stringName=张海峰, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address=黑龙江八一农垦大学动物科技学院，黑龙江 大庆 163319, bio={"content":"
张海峰（2001-），男，四川绵阳人，硕士，研究方向为动物中毒病及营养代谢病
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张海峰（2001-），男，四川绵阳人，硕士，研究方向为动物中毒病及营养代谢病
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邹思琪（1999-），女，黑龙江黑河人，硕士，研究方向为动物中毒病及营养代谢病
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邹思琪（1999-），女，黑龙江黑河人，硕士，研究方向为动物中毒病及营养代谢病
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程佳鑫（2000-），女，黑龙江黑河人，硕士，研究方向为动物中毒病及营养代谢病
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程佳鑫（2000-），女，黑龙江黑河人，硕士，研究方向为动物中毒病及营养代谢病
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王俊淇（2000-），男，黑龙江绥化人，硕士，研究方向为动物中毒病及营养代谢病
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王俊淇（2000-），男，黑龙江绥化人，硕士，研究方向为动物中毒病及营养代谢病
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王海妍（2000-），女，黑龙江齐齐哈尔人，硕士，研究方向为动物中毒病及营养代谢病。
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王海妍（2000-），女，黑龙江齐齐哈尔人，硕士，研究方向为动物中毒病及营养代谢病。
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