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This study adopts a consumption-based perspective and, drawing on long time-series input-output data from 189economies around the world, calculates the scale embodied carbon transfers in China (referring specifically to China's mainland and excluding Hong Kong, Macao, and Taiwan) from 1997 to 2021. It identifies the characteristics of consumption-based carbon emissions of eight industries: agriculture; mining and quarrying; light industries; heavy industries; machinery and equipment manufacturing; electricity, gas, and water supply; other industries; and living and tertiary industries. Furthermore, it analyzes the key drivers of changes in consumption-based carbon emissions across different periods. The findings reveal that from 1997 to 2021, China consistently remained a net exporter of embodied carbon emissions, with light industries, heavy industries, and machinery and equipment manufacturing serving as the main sources of embodied carbon exports. The United States, Japan, and China's Hong Kong were the main destinations of these exports. In 2021, China's consumption-based carbon emissions totaled 10,156million tons, 1,289million tons lower than its production-based emissions, indicating that under the consumption-based perspective, China's carbon emission responsibility is 11.26% lower than that under the production-based perspective. In terms of driving factors, the increase in consumption scale was the main factor driving the growth of China's consumption-based carbon emissions from 1997 to 2021, with a contribution rate of 159.31%. Changes in population size, improvements in energy utilization efficiency, and adjustments in the energy structure contributed 11.04%, -63.40%, and -6.96%, respectively, to changes in consumption-based carbon emissions. Based on these results, the study discusses the unfairness of assigning carbon emission responsibility under the production-based perspective, highlights key areas of focus for China's carbon emission reduction efforts, and demonstrates the reliability of the findings.

, authors=Wen-qing LI¹, Guo-hua HE^{1, *}, Qing-hai YANG², Lü LIN³, Zeng-min YAN², Chan XIAO⁴, Lü-liu LIU⁴, authorsList=Wen-qing LI, Guo-hua HE, Qing-hai YANG, Lü LIN, Zeng-min YAN, Chan XIAO, Lü-liu LIU, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Guo-hua HE, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1314923069903303480, articleId=1314923069462901558, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1234093305789726721, language=CN, title=消费端视角下中国碳排放演变特征与驱动机制研究, columnId=1234106391661704058, journalTitle=中国环境科学, columnName=碳排放控制, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

本研究从消费端视角出发，依托全球189个经济体的长时序投入产出数据，核算了1997~2021年中国（特指大陆地区，不含港澳台）隐含碳转移规模，识别了农业、采矿及采石业、轻工业、重工业、机械设备制造业、电力燃气和水供应业、其他行业、生活及第三产业等8个行业的消费端碳排放特征，并分析了不同时期消费端碳排放变化的关键驱动因素．研究发现，1997~2021年中国始终处于隐含碳排放的净出口状态，轻工业、重工业和机械设备制造业是隐含碳出口的主要行业，美国、日本和中国香港是隐含碳出口的主要目的地．2021年，中国消费端碳排放量为101.56亿t，比生产端碳排放偏小12.89亿t，表明消费端视角下中国的碳排放责任比生产端视角偏低11.26%．从驱动因素来看，消费规模增加是1997~2021年推动中国消费端碳排放增长的主要因素，其贡献率为159.31%，人口规模变化、能源利用效率提升、能源结构调整对消费端碳排放变化的贡献则分别为11.04%、-63.40%和-6.96%．基于研究结果，本研究讨论了生产端视角下碳排放责任认定的不公平性，分析了中国碳减排需要关注的重点环节，并论证了研究结果的可靠性．

, authors=李雯晴¹, 何国华^{1, *}, 杨清海², 林绿³, 严增民², 肖潺⁴, 刘绿柳⁴, authorsList=李雯晴, 何国华, 杨清海, 林绿, 严增民, 肖潺, 刘绿柳, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=何国华, authorNote=, correspAuthorsNote=, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=pCUszkPgRLbNju3XORYYmg==, magXml=SrL9IVv9Gy6XpSx/MplAlQ==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=cAggQvt78KnG3U5H6PVBWw==, pdfFileSize=1150631, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=ZdQR6k9Ti/9yJYjJFJS6AA==, mapNumber=null, fund=null)}, authors=[Author(id=1314923072042398534, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1234093305789726721, articleId=1314923069462901558, orderNo=0, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=liwenqing@edu.iwhr.com, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1314923072130478920, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1234093305789726721, articleId=1314923069462901558, authorId=1314923072042398534, language=EN, stringName=Wen-qing LI, firstName=Wen-qing, middleName=null, lastName=LI, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=¹, address=^1.State Key Laboratory of Water Cycle and Water Security, China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research, Beijing 100038, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1314923072210170697, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1234093305789726721, articleId=1314923069462901558, authorId=1314923072042398534, language=CN, stringName=李雯晴, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=¹, address=^1.中国水利水电科学研究院，流域水循环与水安全全国重点实验室，北京 100038, bio={"content":"

李雯晴（1996-），女，河南濮阳人，中国水利水电科学研究院博士研究生，主要从事国际贸易伴生的隐含资源环境要素流动研究．发表论文10余篇．liwenqing@edu.iwhr.com.

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李雯晴（1996-），女，河南濮阳人，中国水利水电科学研究院博士研究生，主要从事国际贸易伴生的隐含资源环境要素流动研究．发表论文10余篇．liwenqing@edu.iwhr.com.

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