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Lrovincial panel data from 2011 to 2021 were leveraged in this study to examine the effectiveness and underlying mechanisms of digitalization in promoting the coordinated development of mineral resources and ecological conservation from the perspective of regional development disparities. It was indicated by the findings that, overall, a moderate upward trajectory had been shown in the level of coordinated development of mineral resources and the environment in China. However, significant geographical heterogeneity persisted, with the southeastern coastal regions being outperformed by the central and western areas. This coordinated development was significantly promoted by digitalization, a conclusion that was remained robust even after addressing endogeneity and conducting sensitivity analyses. Furthermore, industrial structure upgrading and improvements in green innovation capabilities were identified as key mediating factors through which coordinated development was facilitated by digitalization. It was also revealed by this study that the impact of digitalization varied across different regions, with China’s southeastern regions being benefited more substantially. Based on this analysis, several recommendations were proposed, including investments in digital infrastructure and technologies being enhanced; the pivotal role of digitalization being reinforced; the green transformation of the industrial structure being advanced; and targeted regional development strategies being developed.

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基于2011~2021年省份数据,从区域发展不均衡的视角出发,探讨了数字化对矿产资源开发与生态环境保护协调发展的效能及其内在机理.研究表明,我国矿产资源开发与生态环境协调发展水平总体呈上升趋势,但存在明显的区域差异,东南沿海地区表现优于中西部地区.数字化显著促进了这种协调发展,即便在考虑内生性和进行稳健性检验后结论依然成立.此外,研究发现产业结构升级和绿色创新能力提升是数字化促进协调发展的重要中介因素.研究揭示了数字化对于不同区域的影响强度不一,东南部受益更为明显.基于此,提出加大对数字化基础建设和技术的投资、强化数字化的引领作用,推动产业结构绿色升级、制定有针对性的地区发展策略等建议.

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* 责任作者,教授,
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陈晓红(1963-),女,湖南长沙人,中国工程院院士,教授,博士,主要从事资源能源环境管理、生态文明与绿色发展研究.发表论文400余篇..

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陈晓红(1963-),女,湖南长沙人,中国工程院院士,教授,博士,主要从事资源能源环境管理、生态文明与绿色发展研究.发表论文400余篇..

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陈晓红(1963-),女,湖南长沙人,中国工程院院士,教授,博士,主要从事资源能源环境管理、生态文明与绿色发展研究.发表论文400余篇..

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The comprehensive evaluation index system of the mineral resources and environment subsystems

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
系统层指标层指标解释及单位属性参考文献
矿产资源矿石产量矿石产量(104t)[113033]
开采集约化程度非石油矿产产量/矿山企业(t/个)[11-12]
综合产值利用率综合利用产值/工业总产值(%)[1133]
人均产值工业总产值/矿山从业人员(104元/人)[1132]
生态环境废水排放量矿山工业总产值×单位工业产值排放的废水排放量(t)-[1133-34]
二氧化硫排放量矿山工业总产值×单位工业产值排放二氧化硫排放量(t)-[1133-34]
固体废物排放量矿山工业总产值×单位工业产值排放的固体废物排放量(t)-[1133-35]
新损坏的土地面积因采矿而新占用或退化的土地面积(hm2)-[1133-34]
土地修复率恢复的土地累计面积/因采矿占用的土地累计面积(%)[113134]
), ArticleFig(id=1241408743389319250, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1234093305789726721, articleId=1241408734828745311, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

矿产资源与生态环境子系统综合评价指标体系

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
系统层指标层指标解释及单位属性参考文献
矿产资源矿石产量矿石产量(104t)[113033]
开采集约化程度非石油矿产产量/矿山企业(t/个)[11-12]
综合产值利用率综合利用产值/工业总产值(%)[1133]
人均产值工业总产值/矿山从业人员(104元/人)[1132]
生态环境废水排放量矿山工业总产值×单位工业产值排放的废水排放量(t)-[1133-34]
二氧化硫排放量矿山工业总产值×单位工业产值排放二氧化硫排放量(t)-[1133-34]
固体废物排放量矿山工业总产值×单位工业产值排放的固体废物排放量(t)-[1133-35]
新损坏的土地面积因采矿而新占用或退化的土地面积(hm2)-[1133-34]
土地修复率恢复的土地累计面积/因采矿占用的土地累计面积(%)[113134]
), ArticleFig(id=1241408743729057890, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1234093305789726721, articleId=1241408734828745311, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

The comprehensive index system of the digital development level

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
目标变量一级指标二级指标属性
数字化发展水平数字基础设施域名数(万个)+
IPV4网址数(万个)+
互联网宽带接入端口数(万个)+
移动电话普及率(部/百人)+
单位面积长途光缆长度+
数字产业发展信息化企业数+
每百家企业拥有网站数+
电子商务交易额(亿元)+
电子商务交易活动企业比重+
软件业务收入(万元)+
数字普惠金融覆盖广度指数+
使用深度指数+
数字化程度指数+
), ArticleFig(id=1241408743838109797, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1234093305789726721, articleId=1241408734828745311, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

数字化发展水平的综合指标体系

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
目标变量一级指标二级指标属性
数字化发展水平数字基础设施域名数(万个)+
IPV4网址数(万个)+
互联网宽带接入端口数(万个)+
移动电话普及率(部/百人)+
单位面积长途光缆长度+
数字产业发展信息化企业数+
每百家企业拥有网站数+
电子商务交易额(亿元)+
电子商务交易活动企业比重+
软件业务收入(万元)+
数字普惠金融覆盖广度指数+
使用深度指数+
数字化程度指数+
), ArticleFig(id=1241408744018464884, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1234093305789726721, articleId=1241408734828745311, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

The descriptive statistics

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项目变量均值标准差最小值最大值VIF
被解释变量D0.4850.1160.2030.785
解释变量Digi0.3350.1350.0630.7852.69
中介变量Gti0.2550.5270.0124.5733.47
Ind1.3110.7200.5275.2442.61
控制变量Urb0.5840.1120.3500.9383.78
Fin3.3251.0331.6787.5782.95
Mar7.9371.8613.35912.3903.16
Sts0.0050.0020.0020.0132.11
Er10.0010.0020.0000.0093.12
Er20.0300.1660.0002.9271.34
), ArticleFig(id=1241408744152682616, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1234093305789726721, articleId=1241408734828745311, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

描述性统计

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目变量均值标准差最小值最大值VIF
被解释变量D0.4850.1160.2030.785
解释变量Digi0.3350.1350.0630.7852.69
中介变量Gti0.2550.5270.0124.5733.47
Ind1.3110.7200.5275.2442.61
控制变量Urb0.5840.1120.3500.9383.78
Fin3.3251.0331.6787.5782.95
Mar7.9371.8613.35912.3903.16
Sts0.0050.0020.0020.0132.11
Er10.0010.0020.0000.0093.12
Er20.0300.1660.0002.9271.34
), ArticleFig(id=1241408745721352322, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1234093305789726721, articleId=1241408734828745311, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

The baseline regression results

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量(1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)
Digi0.277***(0.077)0.262***(0.065)0.258***(0.065)0.261***(0.066)0.240***(0.067)0.250***(0.076)0.256***(0.075)
Urb-0.090-0.090-0.068-0.093-0.107-0.110
(0.092)(0.092)(0.093)(0.101)(0.113)(0.114)
Fin-0.006-0.005-0.006-0.006-0.006
(0.006)(0.006)(0.006)(0.006)(0.006)
Mar-0.002-0.002-0.002-0.002
(0.002)(0.002)(0.002)(0.002)
Sts1.1031.0261.056
(1.129)(1.145)(1.152)
Er1-0.006-3.020*
(0.004)(1.685)
-0.04
Er2(0.030)
_cons0.443***(0.045)0.443***(0.045)0.460***(0.051)0.458***(0.050)0.471***(0.053)0.477***(0.056)0.484***(0.058)
省份固定效应
时间固定效应
R20.9110.9120.9120.9120.9120.9130.913
N319319319319319319319
), ArticleFig(id=1241408745838792838, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1234093305789726721, articleId=1241408734828745311, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

基准回归结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量(1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)
Digi0.277***(0.077)0.262***(0.065)0.258***(0.065)0.261***(0.066)0.240***(0.067)0.250***(0.076)0.256***(0.075)
Urb-0.090-0.090-0.068-0.093-0.107-0.110
(0.092)(0.092)(0.093)(0.101)(0.113)(0.114)
Fin-0.006-0.005-0.006-0.006-0.006
(0.006)(0.006)(0.006)(0.006)(0.006)
Mar-0.002-0.002-0.002-0.002
(0.002)(0.002)(0.002)(0.002)
Sts1.1031.0261.056
(1.129)(1.145)(1.152)
Er1-0.006-3.020*
(0.004)(1.685)
-0.04
Er2(0.030)
_cons0.443***(0.045)0.443***(0.045)0.460***(0.051)0.458***(0.050)0.471***(0.053)0.477***(0.056)0.484***(0.058)
省份固定效应
时间固定效应
R20.9110.9120.9120.9120.9120.9130.913
N319319319319319319319
), ArticleFig(id=1241408745998176400, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1234093305789726721, articleId=1241408734828745311, language=EN, label=Table 5, caption=

The regional imbalance results

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量(1)(2)
东南0.372**(0.122)
中西0.229***(0.074)
Urb-0.045(0.129)-1.568(0.111)
Fin-0.017(0.014)0.000(0.005)
Mar-0.003(0.005)-0.002(0.002)
Sts-0.744(1.486)1.122(1.146)
Er1-3.304*(1.660)7.612*(4.545)
Er2-0.006(0.004)0.009(0.037)
_cons0.549***(0.080)0.441***(0.046)
份固定效应
份固定效应
R20.8970.932
N121198
), ArticleFig(id=1241408746144977049, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1234093305789726721, articleId=1241408734828745311, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

区域不均衡结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量(1)(2)
东南0.372**(0.122)
中西0.229***(0.074)
Urb-0.045(0.129)-1.568(0.111)
Fin-0.017(0.014)0.000(0.005)
Mar-0.003(0.005)-0.002(0.002)
Sts-0.744(1.486)1.122(1.146)
Er1-3.304*(1.660)7.612*(4.545)
Er2-0.006(0.004)0.009(0.037)
_cons0.549***(0.080)0.441***(0.046)
份固定效应
份固定效应
R20.8970.932
N121198
), ArticleFig(id=1241408746275000478, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1234093305789726721, articleId=1241408734828745311, language=EN, label=Table 6, caption=

The endogeneity test results

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目(1)第一阶段回归项目(2)第二阶段回归
Bartik工具变量(L.digi*D.digi)6.982***(0.502)Δ数字化指数0.767***(0.135)
控制变量控制变量
省份固定效应省份固定效应
年份固定效应时间固定效应
N290N290
), ArticleFig(id=1241408746405023908, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1234093305789726721, articleId=1241408734828745311, language=CN, label=表6, caption=

内生性检验结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目(1)第一阶段回归项目(2)第二阶段回归
Bartik工具变量(L.digi*D.digi)6.982***(0.502)Δ数字化指数0.767***(0.135)
控制变量控制变量
省份固定效应省份固定效应
年份固定效应时间固定效应
N290N290
), ArticleFig(id=1241408746505687210, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1234093305789726721, articleId=1241408734828745311, language=EN, label=Table 7, caption=

The robustness test results

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量替换核心解释变量1%双向缩尾
(1)无控制变量(2)有控制变量(3)无控制变量(4)有控制变量
Digi0.158**(0.060)0.137*(0.071)0.265***(0.063)0.254***(0.070)
_cons0.420***(0.007)0.502***(0.066)0.397***(0.010)0.477***(0.051)
控制变量
省份固定效应
时间固定效应
R20.9130.9160.9120.916
N319319319319
), ArticleFig(id=1241408746610544818, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1234093305789726721, articleId=1241408734828745311, language=CN, label=表7, caption=

稳健性检验结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量替换核心解释变量1%双向缩尾
(1)无控制变量(2)有控制变量(3)无控制变量(4)有控制变量
Digi0.158**(0.060)0.137*(0.071)0.265***(0.063)0.254***(0.070)
_cons0.420***(0.007)0.502***(0.066)0.397***(0.010)0.477***(0.051)
控制变量
省份固定效应
时间固定效应
R20.9130.9160.9120.916
N319319319319
), ArticleFig(id=1241408746740568248, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1234093305789726721, articleId=1241408734828745311, language=EN, label=Table 8, caption=

The mechanism test results

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量基准回归DGti
(1)
D
(2)
Ind
(3)
D
(4)
Gti
(5)
D
Digi0.256***(0.074)0.601*(0.354)0.247***(0.033)3.667**(1.724)0.159**(0.071)
Ind0.015***(0.006)
Gti0.027***(0.004)
控制变量
_cons0.484**(0.058)1.498***(0.281)0.462***(0.027)1.277(1.296)0.450***(0.038)
省份固定效应
时间固定效应
R20.9130.7460.2520.5360.922
N319319319319319
), ArticleFig(id=1241408746858008762, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1234093305789726721, articleId=1241408734828745311, language=CN, label=表8, caption=

机制检验结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量基准回归DGti
(1)
D
(2)
Ind
(3)
D
(4)
Gti
(5)
D
Digi0.256***(0.074)0.601*(0.354)0.247***(0.033)3.667**(1.724)0.159**(0.071)
Ind0.015***(0.006)
Gti0.027***(0.004)
控制变量
_cons0.484**(0.058)1.498***(0.281)0.462***(0.027)1.277(1.296)0.450***(0.038)
省份固定效应
时间固定效应
R20.9130.7460.2520.5360.922
N319319319319319
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数字化对矿产资源与生态环境协调发展的影响
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陈晓红 1, 2 , 周方毅 1, 2 , 胡东滨 1, 2, *
中国环境科学 | 环境影响评价与管理 2025,45(4): 2346-2357
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中国环境科学 | 环境影响评价与管理 2025, 45(4): 2346-2357
数字化对矿产资源与生态环境协调发展的影响
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陈晓红1, 2 , 周方毅1, 2, 胡东滨1, 2, *
作者信息
  • 1.中南大学商学院,湖南 长沙 410083
  • 2.湖南省湘江实验室,湖南 长沙 410205
  • 陈晓红(1963-),女,湖南长沙人,中国工程院院士,教授,博士,主要从事资源能源环境管理、生态文明与绿色发展研究.发表论文400余篇..

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* 责任作者,教授,
The impact of digitalization on the coordinated development of mineral resources and the ecological environment
Xiao-hong CHEN1, 2 , Fang-yi ZHOU1, 2, Dong-bin HU1, 2, *
Affiliations
  • 1.School of Business, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
  • 2.Xiangjiang Laboratory of Hunan Province, Changsha 410205, China
出版时间: 2025-04-20
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基于2011~2021年省份数据,从区域发展不均衡的视角出发,探讨了数字化对矿产资源开发与生态环境保护协调发展的效能及其内在机理.研究表明,我国矿产资源开发与生态环境协调发展水平总体呈上升趋势,但存在明显的区域差异,东南沿海地区表现优于中西部地区.数字化显著促进了这种协调发展,即便在考虑内生性和进行稳健性检验后结论依然成立.此外,研究发现产业结构升级和绿色创新能力提升是数字化促进协调发展的重要中介因素.研究揭示了数字化对于不同区域的影响强度不一,东南部受益更为明显.基于此,提出加大对数字化基础建设和技术的投资、强化数字化的引领作用,推动产业结构绿色升级、制定有针对性的地区发展策略等建议.

矿产资源  /  生态环境  /  协调发展  /  数字化

Lrovincial panel data from 2011 to 2021 were leveraged in this study to examine the effectiveness and underlying mechanisms of digitalization in promoting the coordinated development of mineral resources and ecological conservation from the perspective of regional development disparities. It was indicated by the findings that, overall, a moderate upward trajectory had been shown in the level of coordinated development of mineral resources and the environment in China. However, significant geographical heterogeneity persisted, with the southeastern coastal regions being outperformed by the central and western areas. This coordinated development was significantly promoted by digitalization, a conclusion that was remained robust even after addressing endogeneity and conducting sensitivity analyses. Furthermore, industrial structure upgrading and improvements in green innovation capabilities were identified as key mediating factors through which coordinated development was facilitated by digitalization. It was also revealed by this study that the impact of digitalization varied across different regions, with China’s southeastern regions being benefited more substantially. Based on this analysis, several recommendations were proposed, including investments in digital infrastructure and technologies being enhanced; the pivotal role of digitalization being reinforced; the green transformation of the industrial structure being advanced; and targeted regional development strategies being developed.

mineral Resources  /  ecological Environment  /  coordinated development  /  digitalization
陈晓红, 周方毅, 胡东滨. 数字化对矿产资源与生态环境协调发展的影响. 中国环境科学, 2025 , 45 (4) : 2346 -2357 .
Xiao-hong CHEN, Fang-yi ZHOU, Dong-bin HU. The impact of digitalization on the coordinated development of mineral resources and the ecological environment[J]. China Environmental Science, 2025 , 45 (4) : 2346 -2357 .
矿产资源作为经济发展的重要基础,其开发利用极大地推动一个国家的工业化进程和经济增长[1].然而,矿产资源的过度开采和不合理利用对环境造成了严重的负面影响.尽管近年来矿产资源可持续利用和环境保护受到越来越多的关注,但中国部分地区的矿产资源开发仍然以环境退化为代价的广泛模式为主导[2]. 在资源短缺与环境保护挑战日益严峻的当下,借助科技赋能推动矿业转型升级、实现高质量发展已成为时代必然[3-4].伴随新一代信息技术兴起,数字技术在资源高效开发利用与生态环境保护方面备受关注[5-6].学术界研究发现,数字化在生态环境保护中作用积极,数字经济能减少污染物排放,其通过促进创新创业、产业结构升级及绿色技术创新实现这一效果[7-8].同时,数字化可提升资源开发利用效率、减少消耗与浪费,还对减轻资源诅咒有正向影响[9-10].
目前,资源与环境协调发展研究主要集中在三方面.在协调发展状况评价方面,学者们运用耦合协调度模型[11]、云模型[12]、DEA模型[13]等,对全国及特定区域(如长江经济带)的矿产资源与生态环境协调发展状况展开评估.针对绿色矿业评价,绿色矿业追求矿产资源低耗、高效、合理开发,以及采矿行业发展优化与环境负面影响最小化.评价模型主要有主成分分析、灰色关联分析[14]、粗糙集方法以及耦合协调度模型等,这些模型为绿色矿业评价提供科学方法和工具.在影响因素研究上,众多学者经理论与实证证实,绿色技术创新是推动环境与经济协调发展的关键,它能改善采矿技术、提升资源利用效率并减少污染物排放[15-16].此外,不同类型环境规制对资源与环境协调发展的作用存在差异,部分学者已深入探讨[17].这些研究为理解矿产资源与环境协调发展的影响因素提供了重要的视角和思路.不过,将数字化对矿产资源与生态环境协调发展的影响纳入多变量框架的研究较少.多数研究只关注数字化对生态环境或资源开发单方面的作用,忽视其在促进整体协调发展中的潜力.实际上,数字化技术为资源开发利用与生态保护开辟新路径,有望推动两者协调发展,但目前对其具体影响机制研究不足.
本文的贡献有以下几点:首先,系统探讨了数字化对矿产资源与生态环境协调发展的影响,填补了现有研究在这一领域的空白.其次,深入剖析了在区域发展不平衡背景下,数字化影响的差异性,为政策制定者提供针对性解决方案,助力提升协调发展水平.最后,运用中介效应模型,揭示了数字化与两者协调发展的直接联系及具体作用机制,丰富了相关应用文献.
矿产资源的开发与生态环境保护协调发展,是指在矿产资源的勘探、开采和加工的整个生命周期内,借助技术创新、管理优化以及政策引导等手段,实现矿产资源开发与生态环境保护之间的良性互动与协调.它体现在开发过程中的减少废弃物排放、提升矿产资源利用效率和降低生态破坏程度等协同效应上.显然,矿产资源开发与生态环境保护的协调程度与绿色开采技术水平、生态环境污染状况以及产业结构布局等因素密切相关.数字经济是一种新型经济形态,其核心在于以数字化信息作为主要生产要素,依托数字技术为关键驱动力,并建立在现代信息网络的基础上.通过优化资源的配置和再生利用,数字经济推动了技术与产业的融合,同时也促进了生产者和消费者之间的互动[18].数字经济的范畴涵盖了大数据、云计算、人工智能、5G通信等前沿技术,以及“新制造”等创新应用,此外还包括电子信息制造业、软件和信息技术服务业、互联网行业等新兴产业[19].凭借其广泛覆盖面和强大的渗透能力,数字经济正在引发经济结构和社会形态的系统变革.通过加强数字基础设施建设、广泛应用数字技术于各经济环节以及数字产业的快速增长,数字经济能够与矿产资源开发及生态环境保护活动深度融合,从而有效促进两者的协调与可持续发展.
数字化技术在矿产资源开发与生态环境保护协调发展中发挥着多重作用,其直接作用机制显著.第一,数字化技术在精准勘探与资源评估方面展现出显著优势.以高精度三维地震勘探技术为例,它通过大规模数据采集和算法处理,精确描绘地下矿产的分布、储量及品位.同时,基于地理信息系统的评估模型能够综合考虑地质、地形和环境因素,实现合理的开发规划,避免资源浪费,并预估环境影响,从而为提前采取应对措施提供便利.
第二,在资源开采过程中,数字化成为协同资源开采与环境保护的关键工具.目前,无人驾驶矿用卡车和智能采掘设备与环境监测系统已高度集成,通过结合预设作业方案和实时地质数据,这些技术可以达到高精度作业,显著减少人为误差和矿石损失贫化率.同时,当环境指标超出设定阈值时,系统可以自动调整开采活动,从而有效预防环境污染.这种技术集成的应用不仅为矿产开采带来了技术性突破,还在经济效益与生态保护之间实现了平衡.
第三,在资源高效利用领域,数字化技术应用贯穿于整个矿产资源加工过程,通过引入数字技术,可以显著提升资源利用效率,大幅减少资源消耗[20-21].例如,通过对加工过程中的关键参数进行精确监控,可以显著提升选矿和冶炼过程的回收率.此外,建立废弃物数据库并结合大数据分析技术,能够实现废弃物的再利用,从而有效减少尾矿废渣的产生.
第四,在生态修复方面,数字化监测与修复工作密切结合.采用卫星与无人机遥感技术对矿区生态修复状态进行长期动态监测,能够快速获取植被覆盖和土壤侵蚀等生态数据.通过数字化模型模拟不同修复方案的潜在效果,为选择最优修复策略提供了科学依据,从而全面推进矿产资源开发与环境保护的协调发展.因此,数字化的介入可直接影响矿产资源开发与生态环境保护的协调发展,从而为实现可持续发展目标提供强有力的支持.基于以上深入分析,提出以下假设:
H1.数字化是推动矿产资源与生态环境协调发展的直接动力.
基于数字经济的特性以及矿产资源开发与生态环境保护的内涵,数字经济赋能矿产资源开发与生态环境保护协调发展主要通过优化产业结构和提升绿色技术创新实现.
数字基础设施为绿色技术创新在矿产领域的发展提供了强大助力,并由此赋能矿产资源开发与生态环境保护的协调发展.数字经济从多维度助力绿色技术创新.一方面,作为数字经济发展的主要载体,数字基础设施支持信息技术的全面革新、渗透和应用,有效打破知识、技术和信息的传播壁垒[20].这种跨地域的合作与知识共享为创新思维的汇聚提供了肥沃的土壤,孕育出了一系列绿色技术的新颖解决方案.如云计算打破科研时空限制,加速模拟实验,压缩选矿药剂研发周期,还借线上平台联合各方力量,攻克矿石破碎等技术难题.
另一方面,科技的飞速发展为数字化在数据和信息支撑方面开辟了新天地,特别是在大数据分析和人工智能领域[22].这些尖端技术不仅简化了对海量环境数据和市场趋势的深入分析,还大幅提升了学习与创新的效率[23].矿产资源开发积累了海量数据,涵盖地质、开采、生态等领域,借助大数据技术剖析数据之间的关联,为研发指明方向,如依据海量的生态环境数据借助大数据技术敲定生态修复技术路径;物联网与人工智能融合,实现矿山设备智能管控,让绿色技术落地,如智能通风系统节能降耗.
绿色技术创新在生态环境保护与资源利用效率提升方面发挥着举足轻重的作用[24].在生态环境保护方面,绿色技术创新通过推动清洁生产技术、污染控制技术和生态恢复技术的发展与应用,有效减少了生产和消费过程对环境的负面影响,进而促进了自然生态系统的恢复与平衡.这些技术的应用不仅降低了污染物排放,还提高了生态系统抵御和适应环境变化的能力,为实现可持续发展目标奠定了坚实的基础[25].例如,在开采环节,无废开采技术利用新型充填材料与智能工艺,回填尾矿、矸石等废弃物至采空区,控制地表沉陷,降低环境风险.
在资源利用方面,由于过度开发,一些资源面临枯竭和低效利用的问题,通过绿色技术创新可以实现工艺优化以及资源循环利用模式的构建,从而提高能源利用效率.例如,选矿与冶炼中,新型浮选药剂和联合选矿工艺能精准分选矿物,提升精矿品位,减少尾矿量,实现资源高效利用;绿色冶炼技术可降低熔炼温度,减少污染物排放,提高金属回收率,兼顾经济与环境效益.循环经济模式是绿色技术创新的一个重要组成部分,通过再利用、循环利用和再生产来促进资源的循环利用和再生,最大限度地利用资源和最小化废物.这种有效的资源利用不仅减轻了对资源的压力,还防止了过度开发和浪费,有效地推动了矿产资源与生态环境协调发展[26].考虑到上述分析,提出以下假设:
H2.数字化可以通过提升绿色技术创新水平赋能矿产资源与生态环境协调发展.
数字经济可以影响产业结构.第一,数字经济推动技术创新与应用,催生了新技术、新业态和新模式,促进传统产业向技术密集型和高附加值产业转型[27],从而提升生产效率和降低资源消耗,使产业结构更为高效和绿色.第二,数字经济通过构建数字平台和生态系统,助力服务业和其他新兴产业的发展,提升第三产业比重,推动产业结构向多样化方向发展,减少对单一资源型产业的依赖,同时加速资源的优化配置,实现精准调配和消耗最小化[28].
产业结构对生态环境保护的影响机制.第一,产业结构升级通常伴随着高耗能、高污染企业的缩减和退出,并由更加绿色、环保的企业进行替代,这直接降低了污染物排放,减轻了生态环境压力[29].第二,随着产业结构的升级,矿业公司倾向于加大环保技术的研发和应用,引入清洁生产工艺和污染控制技术,提升整体环保水平,并推动绿色消费和生产模式的普及,强调资源循环利用和可持续发展.
产业结构升级对矿产资源开发的影响机制.第一,产业结构升级推动先进技术在矿产资源开发中的应用,如绿色采矿技术和智能化管理系统,这些技术显著提高了资源利用效率,降低了资源浪费和环境破坏.第二,产业结构升级带动相关配套产业发展,促使区域经济多元化布局形成,矿业不再是区域唯一的经济支柱,从而降低对矿产资源经济的过度依赖,让矿产资源能在更科学、合理的节奏下进行开发,保障矿产资源的可持续发展,避免过度开采带来的资源枯竭与发展失衡问题.
H3.数字化技术能够通过产业结构升级促进矿产资源与生态环境协调发展.
为了探讨数字化对矿产资源与生态环境协调发展的影响,根据上述理论分析,建立了以下基准多元线性回归模型.需要注意的是,为了尽可能保持结果的准确性,本文采用了双向固定效应模型,因为它控制了未观察到的不变省份和年份的混杂因素.
模型(1)是基准回归模型.其中,Dit和Digiit分别表示矿产资源和生态环境协调发展水平和数字化水平.Xit为一系列控制变量,此外,还纳入了年份固定效应νt和省份固定效应ui来剔除其他随地区、时间差异的影响.εit代表随机误差项.
此外,还深入探讨了数字化水平通过间接机制对矿产资源与生态环境协调发展的影响,旨在阐明数字化在这一过程中的作用机理.中介效应模型采用逐步回归方法如下:
式中:模型(2)、(3)为中介效应检验模型.式中,Med为中介变量,包括绿色技术创新和产业结构升级;其余变量与等式(1)中的一致.检验步骤如下:首先,测试α1的显著性.如果α1值显著,则继续进行下面的测试.第二,检验Digi是否对Med有显著影响,即β1是否显著.如果β1值显著,则继续进行下面的测试.最后,Digi和Med共同对D进行回归检验,以检验系数θ1θ2是否显著.
(1)指标选取.以矿产资源与生态环境的协调发展水平为被解释变量,借鉴前人成果[30-35],本文筛选并整合了一系列具有代表性的指标,最终构建了一个综合指标体系.具体指标的详细信息见表1.
(2)指标测算.耦合协调度模型被广泛运用于众多领域如资源环境和经济管理中,不仅能够评估各系统或元素的发展状况,同时也能揭示这些系统之间的和谐与相互作用的程度.因此,利用该模型来评估矿产资源与生态环境协调发展程度显得尤为重要,具体的计算公式如下:
式中:D为耦合协调度,D∈[0,1]. T为系统综合评价指数,取值范围为(0,1).αβ为各子系统的贡献系数,α+β=1,本文认为矿产资源与生态环境同等重要,因此,α=β=1/2.
数字化发展水平.从数字基础设施、数字产业和数字应用三个维度构建数字化发展水平指标体系.其中,数字应用采用数字普惠金融指数来衡量.参考相关研究[36],从覆盖广度、使用深度、数字化程度三个方面测度数字普惠金融,详细指标列于表2.数字普惠金融数据来源于北京大学数字金融研究中心,其他数据来源于历年《中国工业统计年鉴》《中国统计年鉴》以及各省份统计年鉴.
(1).绿色技术创新水平(Gti).绿色技术创新作为一种新的技术模式,有助于资源保护、环境改善和废物回收循环利用,在协调经济发展和环境改善方面发挥着突出作用.专利可以客观地反映创新水平,在创新活动中被广泛使用[37].大多数学者选择专利申请或专利授权来衡量绿色创新的技术水平,虽然专利授权相对滞后,但质量更有保障.考虑到数据的可获得性,本文采用每万人绿色专利授权数来衡量绿色技术创新水平.
(2).产业结构升级(Ind).选用第三产业产值与第二产业产值的比值来衡量产业结构升级.第二产业主要依赖传统矿产资源作为其主要能源,而第三产业则主要依赖电力.因此,产业结构的转变反映了矿产资源需求的变化,进而影响矿产资源的利用效率.此外,污染物主要来自第二产业,随着经济逐渐从第二产业向第三产业转移,经济活动对环境的影响逐渐减弱,环境质量得以改善.
基于对数字化发展水平的相关研究,本研究还控制了以下因素:城镇化水平(Urb),用年末常住人口中城镇常住人口所占比重来衡量;城市化带来了对化石原材料的巨大需求,增加了矿产资源开发的强度,这影响了矿产资源的利用效率.金融发展(Fin)是用银行的信贷规模(存款和贷款之和)与GDP的比率来衡量的.良好的金融环境可以为矿产资源相关企业带来稳定的融资环境和商业环境,促进企业资源开发和技术创新,从而影响矿产资源利用效率.市场化减少了矿产资源供需交易中的信息不对称,进而影响矿产资源的利用效率.市场化程度(Mar)是用市场化指标来衡量的,市场化指标越大,说明市场化程度越高.科技支持力度(Sts),用财政科技支出占GDP的比重衡量.环境规制是影响矿产资源开发利用的重要因素,本文参考已有研究[38],将环境规制分为命令控制型环境规制和市场激励型环境规制.命令控制型环境规制(Er1),采用采矿许可证批准登记发证数的倒数作为量化指标.当许可证发证数减少时,该指标值相应增大,反映出规制强度的提升,监管更为严格,进而提高了进入采矿业的门槛.市场激励型环境规制(Er2),用矿山环境恢复治理投入资金与矿产资源开发利用工业总产值的比值来衡量.该比值上升意味着在矿山环境治理方面的投入增加,进而反映出环境规制强度的加大.
本文以2011~2021年中国省域为基础进行研究(出于数据可获取性等因素,上海、西藏、香港、澳门及台湾地区并未纳入研究范围).数据来源于《中国自然资源年鉴》《中国统计年鉴》《中国科技统计年鉴》、CSMAR数据库以及各省的统计年鉴等.对于部分缺失的数据,采用了线性插补法进行了补全.
表3详细展示了本文中所使用的描述性统计结果.矿产资源与生态环境协调发展指数(D)的最大值为0.785,最小值为0.203,均值为0.485,标准误为0.116,这表明不同省份间的协调发展水平存在较大的差异.数字经济指数(Digi)普遍呈现出“均值较小、标准误较大”的特征,各个控制变量在不同地区也显示出显著的差异.本文计算了各个变量的方差膨胀因子(VIF),以检测是否存在共线性.结果显示,方差膨胀因子都小于5,因此,模型中的变量不存在共线性关系.
根据式(4)∼(6)计算得出矿产资源与环境的耦合协调度,将均值绘制成图1,以便更直观地展示其变化趋势.由图1可知,研究期间矿产资源与环境的协调发展水平整体呈现出稳步上升的趋势,2011~2021年,其平均值由0.432增长至0.543,增幅达到约25.7%.这个结果与实际相符,随着科技的不断进步,矿产资源开采与利用方面的技术手段日益成熟,能够更加高效且环保地利用资源.同时,随着国家和民众对环境保护的日益重视,相关政策和法规不断完善,环保意识逐渐深入人心,这都为矿产资源与环境的协调发展提供了有力保障.尽管矿产资源与环境协调发展水平整体呈现出上升趋势,但仍需清醒地认识到,当前仍然存在较大的提升空间.在未来的发展中,需要继续加大科技创新力度,推动矿产资源开采与利用技术的进一步升级;同时,加强环境保护和治理工作,确保矿产资源的开发利用与生态环境保护双赢.从地域分布的角度来看,东南沿海地区的矿产资源与生态环境之间的协调发展水平,相较于中西部地区而言,明显呈现出更为优越的态势.这一差异的产生,背后有多重因素在起作用.首先,尽管中西部地区在资源配置方面展现出了更为集中和丰富的特点,特别是矿产和能源资源方面,其储备量可谓得天独厚.然而,相较于东部地区,这些地区的经济发展水平却相对滞后.即便它们拥有较高的资源开发利用程度,但由于在技术创新、基础设施建设等方面存在明显的短板,导致资源开发利用的效率并不尽如人意.这种低效率的资源利用方式,不仅限制了中西部地区经济的快速增长,也加剧了生态环境的压力,使得矿产资源与生态环境之间的协调发展变得尤为困难.其次,由于处于中西部的多个省份的经济基础尚未充分发展,这种情况直接限制了它们在环境管理和改进措施上的投资能力,使得可用于这些领域的资源相对较少.由于缺乏足够的资金支持和技术支持,这些地区在环境保护和生态建设方面面临着巨大的挑战,这不仅使得当地生态环境问题日益突出,也制约了矿产资源与生态环境之间的协调发展.
矿产资源与生态环境协调发展水平与数字化发展水平的关系如图2所示.这种可视化表示提供了一个初步的视角,揭示了两个变量之间的正相关关系.这种关系的出现,在一定程度上印证了前期理论分析的合理性,表明数字化水平可能在一定程度上对矿产资源与生态环境的协调发展起到了推动作用.然而,也必须认识到,这种关系的存在并不意味着已经完全理解了数字化如何影响矿产资源与生态环境的协调发展.实际上,数字化发展对矿产资源与生态环境协调发展的影响路径可能涉及多层面、多因素的复杂相互作用,其复杂程度远超直观理解.因此,需要更深入地探究其背后的机制.为了更全面地理解数字化发展水平与矿产资源及生态环境协调发展之间的关系,需要借助已构建的计量模型进行实证分析.通过实证检验,可以更精确地把握数字化发展水平对矿产资源与生态环境协调发展的影响程度,揭示其作用机制和路径.这将有助于科学制定相关政策,有效推动矿产资源的高效利用和生态环境保护,从而实现经济社会的高质量发展.
本文利用双固定效应的OLS模型,评价了数字化发展水平对矿产资源与生态环境协调发展的影响.基准方程的估计结果见表4.
表4中的列(2)∼(7)反映了在逐个添加控制变量后,数字化发展水平对矿产资源与生态环境协调发展水平的影响.从表4列(1)∼(7)可以看出,数字化在1%的显著性水平上对D具有正向影响,这验证了数字化能够促进矿产资源与生态环境协调发展水平.从经济意义来看,以列(7)的系数值为例,数字化水平每提高10%,矿产资源与生态环境协调发展水平就会提高2.56%.基准模型的结果为上述研究提供了宏观实证支持,表明数字化在省域层面能推动矿产资源与生态环境协调发展水平.因此,假设1在统计学意义上得到了证实.
此外,在加入了控制变量的模型(7)中,命令控制型环境规制(Er1)通过了10%显著性水平检验,说明市场激励型环境规制抑制了矿产资源与生态环境协调发展水平的提升;科技支持力度(Sts)与矿产资源与生态环境协调发展之间具有不显著的正相关关系,表明科技支持力度并未明显促进本地区矿产资源与生态环境协调发展水平;城镇化水平(Urb)、金融发展水平(Fin)、市场化程度(Mar)和市场激励型环境规制(Er2)均未通过10%水平的显著性检验.
中国广阔的领土,由于地理位置、资源分布不均以及不同的气候属性,导致区域间在经济发展水平、交通基础设施、技术创新水平、资源类型结构等方面存在显著差异[39].因此,本文必须重新考虑数字化发展水平对矿产资源与生态环境协调发展的区域不均衡影响.本文根据地理位置、29个省级行政区的分布特点和经济发展特点,将数据分为东南和中西部两个区域[33],回归结果见表5中第(1)∼(4)列.表5显示,数字化的系数显著,分别为东南部地区的0.372和中西部地区的0.229,这表明数字化技术对矿产资源与生态环境协调发展水平的影响存在显著的区域不均衡.一个可能的解释是,东南部地区拥有更先进的技术创新、研发能力、广泛的数字化应用.相比之下,中西部地区在绿色技术创新和数字化发展方面则有所落后.因此,在中西部地区加大数字化发展,有可能缩小技术创新差距,为绿色技术创新提供支持,从而更有效地提高资源的开发利用效率和环境污染水平.此外,东部地区拥有丰富的经济资源和市场机会,在资源利用和经济发展方面具有优势.另一方面,东南部地区数字化发展水平普遍较高,具备更先进的技术手段和管理能力,能够更好地实现矿产资源与生态环境的协调发展.例如,东南部地区在数字化矿山建设、智能化开采和废弃物处理等方面取得了显著进展,有效提高了矿产资源的利用效率和降低了环境污染.中西部地区数字化发展水平相对较低,缺乏先进的技术手段和管理能力,导致矿产资源开发过程中存在较多问题.这些问题不仅影响了矿产资源的可持续利用,还可能对生态环境造成长期的负面影响.因此,中西部地区在矿产资源与生态环境协调发展方面面临的挑战更为严峻.
本研究中的内生性问题主要源于两方面.首先,数字化发展水平和矿产资源与生态环境协调发展水平之间可能存在相反的因果关系.其次,标准的测试模型未能涵盖所有必要的变量,可能导致结果不准确.尽管本文采用了双向固定效应模型来减轻内生性问题的影响,但为确保实证结果的稳健性,进一步应用了配备工具变量的2SLS模型,旨在解决遗漏关键变量所引起的内生性问题.为保证研究结论的可靠性,本文参考已有相关研究的思路[40-42],构建“Bartik instrument”(滞后一阶的数字化指数Digi j ,t-1与该指数时间上一阶差分ΔDigit,t-1的乘积),继而实施工具变量估计.本文采用Bartik instrument=Dig ij,t-1×ΔDigi t,t -1基于如下考虑:第一,由于全国的数字化指数源于我国多个省市,数字化指数不会明显地受到某个单一省市矿产资源开发活动的显著影响,全国的数字化指数的变化对具体某省市而言是外生的;第二,省市层面除数字化指数外的需求冲击也可能导致估计偏误,但是只要单个省市没有重要到其内部需求冲击整个国家的数字化显著相关,Bartik instrument就是有效的.相应回归结果如表6所示.第一阶段分析中,工具变量的回归系数显著为正,表明该工具变量在模型中具有有效性.另外,在两阶段最小二乘法回归分析中,Cragg-Donald怀特F统计值为193.531,远高于Stock-Yogo弱工具变量的临界值16.38,成功通过了弱工具变量检验.这一结果表明,在考虑了内生性问题后,数字化对矿产资源开发与生态环境协调发展的影响依然显著为正,进一步支持了基准结果基本稳健和可靠性.
为进一步验证数字化对矿产资源与生态环境协调发展提升效应的稳健性,进行了深入的稳健性检验.考虑到被解释变量是一个由多个指标经过加权计算得出的综合指数,这一合成过程可能为主变量带来一定的限制条件,从而可能引入额外的干扰因素,使得估计结果出现偏差.因此,本文采用CRITIC权重法[43]对数字化发展水平(Digi)进行了深入评估,并据此实施了回归估计.从表7的列(1)和列(2)的回归结果可见,即便在核心解释变量替换之后,数字化依然显著地推动了矿产资源与生态环境的协调发展,这一影响在1%的显著性水平上依然显著,初步证实了基准回归结果的稳健性.此外,为了消除潜在极端值对研究结论的潜在干扰,进一步对样本数据进行了1%的双向缩尾处理,如列(3)和列(4)所示.然而,即便经过这样的处理,回归结果依然保持稳健,这进一步强化了结论.这些稳健性检验提供了强有力的证据,充分证明数字化对矿产资源与生态环境协调发展的促进效应是稳定且可靠的.
前文深入剖析了数字化通过产业结构升级和绿色技术创新这两条潜在路径如何对矿产资源与生态环境的协调发展产生影响.为了实证检验这两条传导路径是否存在,基于式(1)~(3)进行了详细的探究,得到的回归结果已完整呈现在表8中.
首先,探讨数字化对产业结构升级的影响.在数字化浪潮的推动下,传统产业得以转型升级,新兴产业不断涌现,形成了更为高效、绿色的产业结构.从表8的列(2)中可以清晰地看到,数字化在推动产业结构优化升级方面发挥了显著作用,并且这一效应通过了10%的显著性水平检验.数字化通过提供强大的数据处理和分析能力,帮助企业更精准地把握市场需求,优化资源配置,提升产业效率.同时,数字化也催生了新业态、新模式,为产业发展注入了新的活力,有助于实现产业结构的优化升级.此外,根据列(3)的数据,进一步研究发现数字化与产业结构(作为中介变量Med)共同对矿产资源与生态环境的协调发展产生了正向影响,并且这一影响同样通过了显著性检验.这意味着数字化不仅直接作用于矿产资源与生态环境的协调发展,还通过优化产业结构这一中介变量间接产生影响.具体来说,数字化通过推动产业结构升级,促进了资源的合理利用和环境保护,进而提升了矿产资源与生态环境的协调发展水平.这一过程中,中介效应的大小为0.015,占总效应的5.725%,充分证明了产业结构升级在数字化影响矿产资源与生态环境协调发展的过程中发挥了重要作用.
接下来,分析数字化对绿色技术创新的影响.绿色技术创新是推动矿产资源与生态环境协调发展的关键力量.在数字化技术的支持下,绿色技术创新得以加速发展.从表8的列(4)中可以看出,数字化对绿色技术创新的影响在1%的显著性水平上显著为正.这意味着数字化通过提供强大的技术支持和创新动力,推动了绿色技术创新的发展.数字化技术不仅提高了研发效率,降低了创新成本,还为绿色技术创新提供了更广阔的应用场景和更丰富的创新资源.这些都有助于推动绿色技术创新在矿产资源与生态环境协调发展中的应用和推广.最后,探讨了数字化、技术创新与矿产资源及生态环境协调发展之间的关系.在列(5)中,进一步分析了数字化和技术创新共同对矿产资源与生态环境协调发展的影响.结果显示,存在显著的正向影响,并且通过了显著性水平检验.这表明数字化和技术创新在推动矿产资源与生态环境协调发展方面发挥了协同作用.数字化通过提供技术支持和创新动力,促进了绿色技术创新的发展;而绿色技术创新则通过提升资源利用效率、减少环境污染等方式,推动了矿产资源与生态环境的协调发展.此外,Sobel检验的结果也支持了存在中介效应的假设.从中介效应的大小来看,绿色技术创新的中介效应为0.027,占总效应的14.516%.这一结果进一步强调了数字化通过促进绿色技术创新来推动矿产资源与生态环境协调发展的重要性.因此,数字经济通过产业结构升级和绿色技术创新这两条路径对矿产资源与生态环境的协调发展产生了显著影响.这一影响不仅体现了数字经济的强大动力和创新能力,也为实现可持续发展目标提供了有力支持.
可持续发展依托资源有效管理以及生态环境保护,这是人类经济社会发展的重要基石.数字化技术作为资源高效利用和生态环境保护的关键驱动力,为矿产资源与生态环境的协调发展带来新契机.基于此,本研究基于2011~2021年中国29个省份的面板数据,通过耦合协调度模型对矿产资源与生态环境的协调发展程度进行了量化评估.进而借助面板固定效应与中介效应模型,深入剖析了数字化发展水平在促进两者协调发展中的具体作用机制.主要结论如下:
(1)各省份在矿产资源与生态环境协调发展方面呈现稳步上升的趋势,区域分布上,东南部地区高于中西部地区.
(2)数字化发展的不断提升显著推动了矿产资源与生态环境的协调发展,实现了二者的协同增益.此外,回归结果经过多次稳健性验证,充分体现了其有效性.
(3)数字化技术通过促进产业结构的优化升级和绿色技术的创新发展,推动了矿产资源与生态环境协调发展.
(4)数字化发展对矿产资源与生态环境协调发展的促进作用存在区域差异,与中西部地区相比,其对东南沿海地区的积极影响更加显著.
基于以上结论,本文提出如下政策建议:
(1)加大数字化基建和技术投入.鉴于数字化在促进矿产资源与生态环境协调发展的积极作用,政府应加大对数字化基础设施建设的投入.同时对在资源开发利用中运用物联网、大数据、人工智能等高新技术提升资源利用效率、降低环境污染的企业进行支持.例如,在江西省的德兴铜矿山,当地政府投入专项资金推广工业互联网及标识解析应用,企业引入物联网技术,为开采设备装上传感器,并搭建工业互联网平台,实时采集设备运行数据与矿石开采情况.经大数据分析优化开采流程后,矿石开采回采率显著提高,环境污染也大幅减少.这一实践成功实现了数字化助力矿产开发与生态保护协同推进,有力推动了当地新质生产力的发展.
(2)强化数字化引领,助力产业结构绿色升级.政府应着力推动数字技术的发展,从强化数字基础设施建设、激励数字技术研发及应用等方面发力,为产业结构绿色转型注入强劲动力.立足数字化发展,着重培育新质生产力,也就是借助数字化、网络化、智能化等新一代信息技术催生的生产力.通过技术创新、产业融合等举措,推动传统产业向新质生产力转变.与此同时,严格限制高污染、高能耗产业,促使产业结构朝着绿色、低碳、高效方向迈进.例如,在贵州,众多矿业企业紧紧抓住数字经济发展机遇,以“5G+大数据”作为核心驱动力,在数字化与智能化转型之路上大步迈进、成效斐然,全力推动煤炭产业革新升级、向新而行,蹚出了一条高质量发展的崭新道路.
(3)制定有针对性的地区发展策略.数字化在促进矿产资源与生态环境协调发展方面的作用存在地区差异,政府需各地特点和需求,制定精准、有针对性的政策.对于东南部地区,应着重加大人力资本投入,积极打造数字人才聚集地,为自主创新与生态文明建设筑牢人才根基.中西部地区则要定制数字化转型计划,聚焦智慧矿业、环境监测等关键领域,推动当地产业的数字化升级.同时,积极引进东部先进技术和管理经验,加强区域合作交流,实现跨越式发展.比如,内蒙古自治区选取矿业大县作为试点,引入东部成熟的智慧矿业管控平台并因地制宜改良,实现矿山开采远程实时监控与智能调度,大幅提升开采效率.同时,采用环境监测无人机等新技术,全方位动态监测矿区生态,及时处理环境问题,显著改善了当地矿产开发与生态保护的协调状况.
  • 国家自然科学基金基础科学中心项目(72088101)
  • 国家自然科学基金重大项目(71991483)
  • 中国工程院咨询项目(2023-JB-09)
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2025年第45卷第4期
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  • 接收时间:2024-10-15
  • 首发时间:2026-03-19
  • 出版时间:2025-04-20
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  • 收稿日期:2024-10-15
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国家自然科学基金基础科学中心项目(72088101)
国家自然科学基金重大项目(71991483)
中国工程院咨询项目(2023-JB-09)
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    1.中南大学商学院,湖南 长沙 410083
    2.湖南省湘江实验室,湖南 长沙 410205

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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