Article(id=1241408721159516580, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1234093305789726721, issueId=1241408710791189399, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=null, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1724688000000, receivedDateStr=2024-08-27, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1773904503383, onlineDateStr=2026-03-19, pubDate=1745078400000, pubDateStr=2025-04-20, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1773904503383, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-19, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1773904503383, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773904503383, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1241408710791189399, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1234093305789726721, year='2025', volume='45', issue='4', pageStart='1777', pageEnd='2368', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1773904500911, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773904624658, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1241409229878259747, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1234093305789726721, issueId=1241408710791189399, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1241409229878259748, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1234093305789726721, issueId=1241408710791189399, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=2135, endPage=2146, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1241408722661077529, articleId=1241408721159516580, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1234093305789726721, language=EN, title=Spatio-temporal evolution roles of urban carbon pool driven by forest policies—Jiangmen City (Guangdong, China) as an example., columnId=1234106388083954308, journalTitle=China Environmental Science, columnName=Environmental Ecology, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

To explore the patterns of forest carbon storage evolution influenced by the implementation of dual-carbon policies, This study selects Jiangmen City, a key ecological barrier in the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area, as a case study. Using land cover and carbon density data from five periods between 2000 and 2020, the study employs the InVEST model to quantitatively assess the area's carbon storage, in conjunction with the Policy Modeling Consistency (PMC) index model and the Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator (Lasso) regression model to analyze the quality of forestry policies and their impact on carbon storage. The results indicate that forest and agricultural lands were the principal contributors to carbon storage changes in Jiangmen City. From 2000 to 2015, these lands was significantly converted to built-up areas, causing carbon storage to decrease from 34.22×106t to 33.59×106t, accounting for 72.8% of the decrease in the Greater Bay Area's carbon storage during the same period, which represented a 14.35% reduction. After 2015, the implementation of subsidy policies related to forest city development resulted in an increase in the area of carbon storage exceeding areas of loss from 2015 to 2020, with a net increase of 0.5% in carbon storage. The “incentive safeguard” variable was identified as a principal factor in this increase. Spatially, the areas of increased and decreased carbon storage in Jiangmen City exhibited clustered distributions, reflecting the “forest surrounding cities and trees entering cities”policy. Based on the joint spatial distribution characteristics of carbon storage density and building density, the study proposes carbon sequestration enhancement strategies for different functional zones, including forest protection in ecological conservation areas, carbon planning in wilderness areas, spatial transformation in central old urban areas, and garden construction in newly developed urban areas. These recommendations provide theoretical support and practical examples for formulating sustainable urban development policies.

, correspAuthors=Xu-nan YANG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Hai-qing LIN, Xu-nan YANG, Xin-yi HUANG, Yi-dong ZHANG, Tao WANG, Mei-ying XU), CN=ArticleExt(id=1241408731049685421, articleId=1241408721159516580, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1234093305789726721, language=CN, title=林地保护政策驱动的城市碳库时空演变规律——以广东江门为例, columnId=1234106388268503686, journalTitle=中国环境科学, columnName=环境生态, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

为探究双碳政策实施对林地碳库演变影响的规律,选取粤港澳大湾区的生态屏障——江门市作为案例,基于2000~2020年5期土地覆盖及碳密度数据,使用InVEST模型定量评估研究区的碳储量,并结合政策一致性评价(PMC)指数模型及最小绝对收缩和选择算子(Lasso)回归模型,分析林业政策的质量及其对碳储量的驱动因素.结果表明:江门市林地和耕地主导了碳储量的变化,2000~2015年,大量林地和耕地转变为建设用地,碳储量由34.22×106t下降到33.59×106t(林地贡献率72.8%),占同期大湾区碳储量下降的14.35%;2015年后由于森林城市建设等补贴型政策的实施,2015~2020年江门市内碳储量增加的区域面积超过了碳储量减少的区域面积,碳储量提升了0.5%,且激励保障变量被识别为驱动碳储量增加的核心因素.空间变化方面,江门市的碳储量增加与降低区域呈聚类分布,响应了“森林围城,树林进城”政策的实施.本研究根据碳储量密度和建筑密度的联合空间分布特征,提出生态保育区的森林保护、自然荒野区的碳汇规划、中心旧城区的空间改造和新型建成区的园林建设等基于功能分区的碳汇提升建议,为制定城市可持续发展政策方案提供理论支撑和案例参考.

, correspAuthors=杨旭楠, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
* 责任作者,研究员,
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林海庆(1998-),男,广东揭阳人,五邑大学硕士研究生,研究方向为区域碳汇模拟..

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林海庆(1998-),男,广东揭阳人,五邑大学硕士研究生,研究方向为区域碳汇模拟..

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林海庆(1998-),男,广东揭阳人,五邑大学硕士研究生,研究方向为区域碳汇模拟..

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审图号: GS(2024)0650号

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审图号: GS(2024)0650号

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Carbon density values of various land use types in Jiangmen City

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
一级土地利用类型二级土地利用类型地上部分碳密度(t/hm2)地下部分碳密度(t/hm2)土壤部分碳密度(t/hm2)
耕地水田16.614.1510.84
旱地16.274.0710.84
林地有林地21.15.2822.57
灌木林20.745.199.4
疏林地21.165.2922.57
其他林地16.984.2522.57
草地高覆盖度草地2.159.689.99
中覆盖度草地2.19.439.99
低覆盖度草地0.723.229.99
建设用地城镇用地0.920.0915.88
农村居民点1.350.1322.15
其他建设用地1.170.1215.88
未利用土地沙地18.321.830.84
沼泽地5.70.5723.12
裸地18.322.090
其他未利用地20.872.090
), ArticleFig(id=1241408739387961542, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1234093305789726721, articleId=1241408721159516580, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

江门市各类土地利用类型的碳密度值

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
一级土地利用类型二级土地利用类型地上部分碳密度(t/hm2)地下部分碳密度(t/hm2)土壤部分碳密度(t/hm2)
耕地水田16.614.1510.84
旱地16.274.0710.84
林地有林地21.15.2822.57
灌木林20.745.199.4
疏林地21.165.2922.57
其他林地16.984.2522.57
草地高覆盖度草地2.159.689.99
中覆盖度草地2.19.439.99
低覆盖度草地0.723.229.99
建设用地城镇用地0.920.0915.88
农村居民点1.350.1322.15
其他建设用地1.170.1215.88
未利用土地沙地18.321.830.84
沼泽地5.70.5723.12
裸地18.322.090
其他未利用地20.872.090
), ArticleFig(id=1241408739522179279, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1234093305789726721, articleId=1241408721159516580, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Sample forest land policies of Guangdong Province from 2010 to 2020

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
样本编号政策名称发布时间来源
P1《广东省林地保护利用总体规划(2001-2010年)》2003-03-17广东省人民政府
P2《广东省人民政府关于加快建设林业生态省的决定》2005-03-07广东省林业厅
P3《广东省林业局关于林地林木流转管理的实施办法》2011-01-01广东省林业厅
P4《广东省占用征收林地定额管理办法》2014-06-30广东省人民政府
P5《广东省市、县和镇森林公园体系建设指引》2014-10-01广东省林业厅
P6《广东省林地保护管理条例》2014-12-05广东省人民政府
P7《广东省省级生态公益林效益补偿资金管理办法》2019-03-25广东省林业厅
P8《广东省省级生态公益林效益补偿专项资金管理办法》2019-06-11广东省林业厅
), ArticleFig(id=1241408739727700186, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1234093305789726721, articleId=1241408721159516580, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

2010~2020年广东省林地政策样本

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
样本编号政策名称发布时间来源
P1《广东省林地保护利用总体规划(2001-2010年)》2003-03-17广东省人民政府
P2《广东省人民政府关于加快建设林业生态省的决定》2005-03-07广东省林业厅
P3《广东省林业局关于林地林木流转管理的实施办法》2011-01-01广东省林业厅
P4《广东省占用征收林地定额管理办法》2014-06-30广东省人民政府
P5《广东省市、县和镇森林公园体系建设指引》2014-10-01广东省林业厅
P6《广东省林地保护管理条例》2014-12-05广东省人民政府
P7《广东省省级生态公益林效益补偿资金管理办法》2019-03-25广东省林业厅
P8《广东省省级生态公益林效益补偿专项资金管理办法》2019-06-11广东省林业厅
), ArticleFig(id=1241408741262815462, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1234093305789726721, articleId=1241408721159516580, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Quantitative evaluation variables of forest land policy

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
一级变量二级变量
政策范围(X1)本国(X1:1)、省(X1:2)、市(X1:3)、镇区(X1:4)
政策性质(X2)监管(X2:1)、建议(X2:2)、加强(X2:3)、保护(X2:4)、鼓励(X2:5)、加速(X2:6)
政策时效(X3)本年内(X3:1)、短期(5年)(X3:2)、中期(10年)(X3:3)、长期(20年)(X3:4)
激励保障(X4)补贴激励(X4:1)、税收优惠(X4:2)、法律保障(X4:3)
政策领域(X5)经济(X5:1)、社会(X5:2)、环境(X5:3)
政策作用对象(X6)政府机构(X6:1)、私营部门(X6:2)、合作伙伴(X6:3)
政策评价(X7)依据充分(X7:1)、目标明确(X7:2)、规划详实(X7:3)
政策功能(X8)实现碳中和(X8:1)、实现可持续发展(X8:2)、建设绿色城市(X8:3)、碳储量变化(X8:4)
政策终端应用(X9)建筑部门(X9:1)、农林业部门(X9:2)
政策不确定因素(X10)法律法规变动(X10:1)、政策执行一致性(X10:2)、资金支持稳定性(X10:3)、政策适应性(X10:4)
), ArticleFig(id=1241408741405421807, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1234093305789726721, articleId=1241408721159516580, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

林地政策量化评价变量设置

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
一级变量二级变量
政策范围(X1)本国(X1:1)、省(X1:2)、市(X1:3)、镇区(X1:4)
政策性质(X2)监管(X2:1)、建议(X2:2)、加强(X2:3)、保护(X2:4)、鼓励(X2:5)、加速(X2:6)
政策时效(X3)本年内(X3:1)、短期(5年)(X3:2)、中期(10年)(X3:3)、长期(20年)(X3:4)
激励保障(X4)补贴激励(X4:1)、税收优惠(X4:2)、法律保障(X4:3)
政策领域(X5)经济(X5:1)、社会(X5:2)、环境(X5:3)
政策作用对象(X6)政府机构(X6:1)、私营部门(X6:2)、合作伙伴(X6:3)
政策评价(X7)依据充分(X7:1)、目标明确(X7:2)、规划详实(X7:3)
政策功能(X8)实现碳中和(X8:1)、实现可持续发展(X8:2)、建设绿色城市(X8:3)、碳储量变化(X8:4)
政策终端应用(X9)建筑部门(X9:1)、农林业部门(X9:2)
政策不确定因素(X10)法律法规变动(X10:1)、政策执行一致性(X10:2)、资金支持稳定性(X10:3)、政策适应性(X10:4)
), ArticleFig(id=1241408741598359803, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1234093305789726721, articleId=1241408721159516580, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Quality level of forest land policy in Guangdong Province during 2010~2020

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
PMC数据范围8~106~7.94.5~5.990~4.49
档次划分完美政策良好政策可接受政策较差政策
), ArticleFig(id=1241408741757743368, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1234093305789726721, articleId=1241408721159516580, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

2010~2020年广东省林地政策质量等级

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
PMC数据范围8~106~7.94.5~5.990~4.49
档次划分完美政策良好政策可接受政策较差政策
), ArticleFig(id=1241408741896155406, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1234093305789726721, articleId=1241408721159516580, language=EN, label=Table 5, caption=

Global Moran's I indeX of carbon reserves in phase 5 of Jiangmen City

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
年份Moran's IE(I)Var(I)Z(I)P
20000.371-0.0120.002967.037<0.0001
20050.365-0.0120.002966.938<0.0001
20100.363-0.0120.002966.890<0.0001
20150.365-0.0120.002966.937<0.0001
20200.367-0.0120.002966.974<0.0001
), ArticleFig(id=1241408741992624405, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1234093305789726721, articleId=1241408721159516580, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

江门市五期碳储量全局Moran's I指数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
年份Moran's IE(I)Var(I)Z(I)P
20000.371-0.0120.002967.037<0.0001
20050.365-0.0120.002966.938<0.0001
20100.363-0.0120.002966.890<0.0001
20150.365-0.0120.002966.937<0.0001
20200.367-0.0120.002966.974<0.0001
), ArticleFig(id=1241408742097482013, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1234093305789726721, articleId=1241408721159516580, language=EN, label=Table 6, caption=

PMC Index and carbon storage policy response analysis of forest policy samples in Jiangmen City from 2010 to 2020

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量样本编号
P1P2P3P4P5P6P7P8
X10.750.750.750.750.750.750.750.75
X20.500.660.830.60.830.8311
X30.500.50.50.50.250.250.750.75
X40.330.330.330.330.330.330.670.67
X50.670.670.330.670.670.670.670.67
X60.670.670.330.670.330.330.671
X70.330.330.6710.67111
X80.500.50.50.50.750.7511
X90.500.50.510.50.50.50.5
X10 0.250.250.250.250.250.250.50.5
PMC指数5.005.164.996.275.335.667.517.84
排名76835421
等级可接受可接受可接受可接受可接受可接受良好良好
总碳储量变化(106t)-0.22-0.23-0.180.17
), ArticleFig(id=1241408742219116838, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1234093305789726721, articleId=1241408721159516580, language=CN, label=表6, caption=

2010~2020年江门市林地政策样本PMC指数及碳储量政策响应分析

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量样本编号
P1P2P3P4P5P6P7P8
X10.750.750.750.750.750.750.750.75
X20.500.660.830.60.830.8311
X30.500.50.50.50.250.250.750.75
X40.330.330.330.330.330.330.670.67
X50.670.670.330.670.670.670.670.67
X60.670.670.330.670.330.330.671
X70.330.330.6710.67111
X80.500.50.50.50.750.7511
X90.500.50.510.50.50.50.5
X10 0.250.250.250.250.250.250.50.5
PMC指数5.005.164.996.275.335.667.517.84
排名76835421
等级可接受可接受可接受可接受可接受可接受良好良好
总碳储量变化(106t)-0.22-0.23-0.180.17
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林地保护政策驱动的城市碳库时空演变规律——以广东江门为例
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林海庆 1, 2 , 杨旭楠 2, * , 黄心怡 1, 2 , 张义栋 1, 2 , 汪涛 1 , 许玫英 2
中国环境科学 | 环境生态 2025,45(4): 2135-2146
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中国环境科学 | 环境生态 2025, 45(4): 2135-2146
林地保护政策驱动的城市碳库时空演变规律——以广东江门为例
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林海庆1, 2 , 杨旭楠2, * , 黄心怡1, 2, 张义栋1, 2, 汪涛1, 许玫英2
作者信息
  • 1.五邑大学环境与化学工程学院,广东 江门 529020
  • 2.广东省科学院微生物研究所,华南应用微生物国家重点实验室,广东省环境保护微生物与区域生态安全重点实验室,广东省菌种保藏与应用重点实验室,广东 广州 510070
  • 林海庆(1998-),男,广东揭阳人,五邑大学硕士研究生,研究方向为区域碳汇模拟..

通讯作者:

* 责任作者,研究员,
Spatio-temporal evolution roles of urban carbon pool driven by forest policies—Jiangmen City (Guangdong, China) as an example.
Hai-qing LIN1, 2 , Xu-nan YANG2, * , Xin-yi HUANG1, 2, Yi-dong ZHANG1, 2, Tao WANG1, Mei-ying XU2
Affiliations
  • 1.School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, China
  • 2.Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Guangdong Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Microbiology and Ecological Safety, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510070, China
出版时间: 2025-04-20
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为探究双碳政策实施对林地碳库演变影响的规律,选取粤港澳大湾区的生态屏障——江门市作为案例,基于2000~2020年5期土地覆盖及碳密度数据,使用InVEST模型定量评估研究区的碳储量,并结合政策一致性评价(PMC)指数模型及最小绝对收缩和选择算子(Lasso)回归模型,分析林业政策的质量及其对碳储量的驱动因素.结果表明:江门市林地和耕地主导了碳储量的变化,2000~2015年,大量林地和耕地转变为建设用地,碳储量由34.22×106t下降到33.59×106t(林地贡献率72.8%),占同期大湾区碳储量下降的14.35%;2015年后由于森林城市建设等补贴型政策的实施,2015~2020年江门市内碳储量增加的区域面积超过了碳储量减少的区域面积,碳储量提升了0.5%,且激励保障变量被识别为驱动碳储量增加的核心因素.空间变化方面,江门市的碳储量增加与降低区域呈聚类分布,响应了“森林围城,树林进城”政策的实施.本研究根据碳储量密度和建筑密度的联合空间分布特征,提出生态保育区的森林保护、自然荒野区的碳汇规划、中心旧城区的空间改造和新型建成区的园林建设等基于功能分区的碳汇提升建议,为制定城市可持续发展政策方案提供理论支撑和案例参考.

碳储量  /  时空变异  /  政策驱动  /  江门市  /  InVEST模型

To explore the patterns of forest carbon storage evolution influenced by the implementation of dual-carbon policies, This study selects Jiangmen City, a key ecological barrier in the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area, as a case study. Using land cover and carbon density data from five periods between 2000 and 2020, the study employs the InVEST model to quantitatively assess the area's carbon storage, in conjunction with the Policy Modeling Consistency (PMC) index model and the Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator (Lasso) regression model to analyze the quality of forestry policies and their impact on carbon storage. The results indicate that forest and agricultural lands were the principal contributors to carbon storage changes in Jiangmen City. From 2000 to 2015, these lands was significantly converted to built-up areas, causing carbon storage to decrease from 34.22×106t to 33.59×106t, accounting for 72.8% of the decrease in the Greater Bay Area's carbon storage during the same period, which represented a 14.35% reduction. After 2015, the implementation of subsidy policies related to forest city development resulted in an increase in the area of carbon storage exceeding areas of loss from 2015 to 2020, with a net increase of 0.5% in carbon storage. The “incentive safeguard” variable was identified as a principal factor in this increase. Spatially, the areas of increased and decreased carbon storage in Jiangmen City exhibited clustered distributions, reflecting the “forest surrounding cities and trees entering cities”policy. Based on the joint spatial distribution characteristics of carbon storage density and building density, the study proposes carbon sequestration enhancement strategies for different functional zones, including forest protection in ecological conservation areas, carbon planning in wilderness areas, spatial transformation in central old urban areas, and garden construction in newly developed urban areas. These recommendations provide theoretical support and practical examples for formulating sustainable urban development policies.

carbon storage  /  spatio-temporal variation  /  policy driven  /  Jiangmen City  /  InVEST model
林海庆, 杨旭楠, 黄心怡, 张义栋, 汪涛, 许玫英. 林地保护政策驱动的城市碳库时空演变规律——以广东江门为例. 中国环境科学, 2025 , 45 (4) : 2135 -2146 .
Hai-qing LIN, Xu-nan YANG, Xin-yi HUANG, Yi-dong ZHANG, Tao WANG, Mei-ying XU. Spatio-temporal evolution roles of urban carbon pool driven by forest policies—Jiangmen City (Guangdong, China) as an example.[J]. China Environmental Science, 2025 , 45 (4) : 2135 -2146 .
国际经验表明,生态环境作为公共产品具有强烈的外部性.为克服外部性引发的成本差异,政府通过行政、法律和经济手段进行干预[1].因此,政策驱动的环境治理和生态修复过程主导了生态环境格局的演变,研究其驱动机制对环境生态政策的制定具有重要意义.
林地作为陆地生态系统中最大的碳库,是减缓气候变化的基础,是实现“碳达峰、碳中和”的关键,是中国碳汇政策的主要对象.2010年联合国气候大会提出了“减少毁林和森林退化以及加强造林和森林管理”(REDD+)和“土地利用、土地利用变化和林业”(LULUCF)两个林地管理机制建议[2].欧盟各国通过经济政策,如碳租金政策和基于补贴和税收的碳补偿政策,促进森林保护和利用,明确量化了林业活动与森林碳库保护的关系[3-4].为解决历史以来的林地过度开发问题(如缺乏约束的砍伐和不合理的土地利用方式),中国制定并实施了《全国林地保护利用规划纲要》、《森林法实施条例》、《林业标准化管理办法》等一系列林地行政政策.这些措施不仅改变了我国林地利用模式和生态碳格局,还推动了天然林保护、退耕还林还草及“三北”防护林三大林业工程的实施,显著增加了国内的森林面积和碳储量,已在全球范围获得高度关注与认可[5-7].目前关于评估林地政策的研究较少,大量碳汇政策研究聚焦于CO2排放邻域[8-10],缺乏对区域林地碳储量演变与碳汇政策的响应关系探究,限制了林业的可持续发展和区域碳汇政策的优化.
江门是粤港澳大湾区的重要节点城市之一,森林资源丰富.但在经济发展过程中,潭江两岸及海岸线主城区被过度开发,土地利用形式、土地覆盖类型发生转变,导致高碳密度土地的流失,甚至严重影响大湾区的林地碳储量[11-12].近年来,江门市基于其优越的林业基础,制定了《江门市林业发展“十三五”规划》、《江门市国家森林城市建设总体规划(2015-2024年)》等多项林地恢复政策,但林地恢复政策对江门市碳库格局的影响仍有待阐释.故提出补贴型政策在提升碳储量方面比时效性政策具有更强的驱动力的科学假设.本研究基于2000~2020年江门市土地利用数据,使用InVEST-Carbon模块对江门市的碳储量进行定量评估,利用碳储量自相关性研究其时空演变以及差异性,通过耦合政策一致性评价(PMC)指数模型与最小绝对收缩和选择算子(Lasso)回归,探究生态政策对碳储量变化的影响因素,划分并探索不同功能区的碳汇发展方向.最终研究结果可为“双碳”目标背景下城市生态环境政策方案的制定提供理论支撑.
江门市(21°27′~22°51′N,111°59′~113°15′E),位于广东省西南部,东接珠海市,西邻阳江市,南濒南海,北与佛山市、肇庆市相连,在粤港澳大湾区中处于“承东启西”的位置(图1),是大湾区通向粤西和大西南的枢纽门户,拥有独特的发展机遇和潜力.
2000~2020年江门市地区生产总值从507.4亿增长至3203亿元.近年来,江门市积极推进制造业向高端制造业的转型,先后发布吸引外资产业的政策,如优惠用地、资金扶持等[13].面对高速发展的经济和城市化的推进,城镇用地的需求不断增加,农田和林地等自然生态土地面积下降,导致生态环境保护与经济发展之间的矛盾日益突出.
江门市2000、2005、2010、2015、2020年5期的30m精度土地利用数据来自中国科学院资源环境科学数据中心(https://www.resdc.cn/).参照《土地利用现状分类GB/T 21010-2017》[14],将土地利用类型进行重新分类,可分为耕地、草地、林地、水域、建设用地未利用地6大类.市、县和乡镇行政边界均来自天地图(https://guangdong.tianditu.gov.cn/).
本模型中生态系统碳储量计算是以土地利用类型为评估单元,根据研究区内不同土地利用类型地上碳库、地下碳库及土壤碳库的平均碳密度数据,通过栅格计算评估陆地生态系统碳储量.参考粤港澳大湾区生态系统碳储量的前期研究[15-16]和《2010年中国陆地生态系统碳密度数据集》,水域及死亡有机物碳储量在综合碳储量中的比例相对较小,在本研究中不作计算.本研究选取的各类土地利用类型的碳密度值,如表1所示.
本研究各类土地利用类型的碳密度和区域总碳储量的计算公式如下:
式中:Ci是指第i种土地利用类型的碳密度, Ci_地上Ci_地下Ci_土壤分别指第i种土地利用类型地上生物量、地下生物量和土壤的碳密度.基于各类土地利用类型的碳密度和研究区域土地利用数据,计算区域内生态系统的总碳储量:
式中: C 为区域总碳储量,研究区一共有n种土地利用类型,Ci是指第i种土地利用类型的碳密度,Ai为第i种地类的面积.
空间自相关性指同一区域内变量观测数据之间的相互依赖性,距离越近,空间相关性越强[17].依据江门市五期碳储量数据,按镇街的行政边界进行分区,对镇街的碳储量进行Moran′s I分析[18]、Anselin Local Moran′s I统计值和Getis-Ord Gi*统计值3个空间自相关统计量分析[19].
全局Moran's I指数[20],用于检测生态源地空间自相关特征,即聚类分布、离散分布或随机分布,其公式如下:
式中:n是研究区域内乡镇总数,wi,j是乡镇间欧几里得空间距离权重,空间相邻为1,不相邻为0,xi是乡镇i碳储量评估值,x是乡镇碳储量的平均值,Moran′s I指数I的期望和方差分别用EI)和Var(I)表示.当I值为正,且ZP值统计显著时,表示碳储量空间分布呈现集聚特征(即高值和高值相邻或低值和低值相邻);当I值为负,且ZP值统计显著时,表示碳储量空间分布呈现离散特征(即高值和低值相邻或低值和高值相邻);当I值为0,或ZP值统计不显著时,表示碳储量空间分布呈现随机分布特征(即不存在空间自相关性).
利用Anselin Local Moran′s I统计值,分析研究碳储量局部空间自相关特征[21].其计算公式如下:
式中:Iii镇街的局部自相关系数,通过局部空间自相关散点图,可构建四种反映碳储量的聚类类型,高-高聚类区(自身及周围均为高碳储量镇街)、低-低聚类区(自身及周围均为低碳储量镇街)、高-低聚类区(自身为高碳储量镇街,周围为低碳储量镇街)和低-高聚类区(自身为低碳储量镇街,周围为高碳储量镇街).
采用Getis-Ord Gi*统计值,检测碳储量空间分布高值(或低值)聚集区域,即碳储量空间分布的“热点”(或“冷点”)区域.其公式如下:
式中:当Gi*为正,数值越大,且ZP值统计显著时,表示镇街的空间碳储量分布越趋于高值集聚,即属于“热点”区域;当Gi*为负,数值越小,且ZP值统计显著时,表示镇街的空间碳储量分布越趋于低值集聚,即属于“冷点”区域.
PMC指数模型用于评估政策的内部一致性,并对政策有效性进行多维度评估和分析,揭示了政策的优缺点.模型构建具体步骤如下:利用ROST CM6软件对筛选出了8项典型的林地政策(表2)样本集进行分词处理、词频分析及社会网络和语义网络分析,结合Ruiz等[22]的政策量化评价研究确定高频词,构建变量过程中参考了前人研究的一级变量常用分类设置,涵盖政策性质、时效、领域、评价、功能、终端应用对象及不确定因素等[23-24].针对林地补贴型政策,新增了“激励保障”作为一级分类,以确保分类的完整性和适用性[25].在设定二级变量时,因无法从政策样本中直接获取,故将样本提及的高频词进行重新分类,如反映政策时效的词(5年、10年等)、反应政策性质的词(保护、可持续性管理、监管、增强等)等分别归类,并结合方等的研究成果[26],确定所有的二级变量.最终确定10个一级变量、36个二级变量(表3).
林地政策量化的PMC指数模型计算.基于Babiker等[27]、Ghersi等[28]的计算公式,将PMC模型中各二级指标按照式(8)进行取值,采用二进制的方法确定各二级指标的数值.随后通过式(9)将每个一级指标包含的各二级指标求平均,得到一级指标数值.最后将每项政策样本中9个一级指标的数值通过式(10)计算出每项政策PMC指数.具体如下:
式中:二级变量分布在[0,1]区间,XR表示取整数,二级变量若符合指标关键词则取1,否则取0;式(9)计算一级变量的值,i为一级变量,j为二级变量,N为一级变量个数,n为二级变量个数.
根据Estrada对政策评级标准[29],将每项政策计算出的PMC数值分为4个等级:完美政策;良好政策;可接受政策;较差政策.由于每项一级变量的总分值为1分,所以PMC数值满分为10分,每个PMC数值对应的等级如表4所示.
碳储量变化与政策驱动因子耦合分析.为解析碳储量变化与政策因素之间的关系,并克服变量之间的共线性问题,本研究采用Lasso回归模型对政策和碳储量变化数据进行分析.Lasso回归模型是一种线性回归的正则化形式,通过引入范数惩罚项来实现模型的稀疏性,从而有助于特征选择[30-31].本研究选取了林地政策的一级变量作为驱动因子,基于Python构建碳储量变化与政策驱动因子的Lasso回归模型:
式中:C 为被解释变量即政策所在年限碳储量变化量,β0为常数变量,β1~β10,为回归系数,其中X1~X10表3中各政策一级变量的得分.
参考国家标准《地理格网》(GB/T 12409-2009)[32]和前期研究[32-33],划分出5000m×5000m的评价单元.以2020年的碳储量和建设用地面积数据为基础,分别统计评价单元中的碳储量以及建设密度(建设用地面积与评价单元面积的比例),采用中位数统计分析,将评价单元中碳储量小于0.55×104t定义为低碳储量区,反则为高碳储量区;建设密度小于0.244定义为低建设密度区,反则为高建设密度.使用空间叠加法,在ArcGIS软件中对碳储量与建设密度进行叠加分析,形成低碳储量-低建设密度区、低碳储量-高建设密度区、高碳储量-低建设密度区和高碳储量-高建设密度区4种功能分区.
江门市土地利用类型以林地和耕地为主.2000年林地和耕地分别占总面积的51.69%(4823.8km2)和30.55%(2850.6km2).水域面积为817.6km2,占比约为8.76%;建设用地面积为527.3km2,占比约为5.65%;草地和未利用地面积不足5%(图2).
2000~2020年间江门市的林地和耕地空间格局呈现动态变化,总体面积减少了4.7%和1.98%.伴随江门市的城市化进程,有122.33km2的林地转化为建设用地,61.42km2的林地转化为耕地;同时,受国务院令第367号《退耕还林条例》政策的影响,开平县级市的蚬冈镇西南部和台山县级市的大江镇西北部出现了大量耕地向林地的转化现象,面积达6.96km2,截至2020年江门市林地面积减少95.32km2.2000~2015年间江门市有154.41km2的耕地转化为建设用地,面积由原来的527.23km2增长到773.63km2;但该现象在2015年后得到控制.由图2可见,2015~2020年间约107.03km2的建设用地转变为耕地,但20年间耕地面积总体减少了133.99km2.其主要原因是城市快速扩张,建设用地侵占了大量林地、耕地和水域.2000~2015年,房屋、道路、建筑设施等城建设用地面积占比例逐年增加,但是在2015年达到最高点后开始减少.由于2015年“国家森林城市”工程的实施和对水土保持的重视,新会区银湖湾、台山县级市赤溪镇、蓬江区棠下镇及潭江两岸有8.93km²的建设用地转变为林地和水域.
江门市的碳储量呈西高东低的地形空间分布格局.茶山、皂墓顶、龙潭山和北峰山脉等山地区域、以及天露山和七星坑原始森林等区域为该市碳储量较高的地区.相比之下,碳储量较低的区域位于东部平原区域,包括蓬江区和江海区(图3).江门市2000~2020年5期的总碳储量分别为34.22×106、34.00×106、33.77×106、33.59×106和33.76×106t,呈2000~2015年下降,2015年后上升的趋势,与粤港澳大湾区生态系统整体碳储量变化趋势相似.在加速城市化的背景下,2005~2010年江门市碳储量的降幅最大(0.046×106t/a),且占同期粤港澳大湾区碳储量减少量的14.94%;2010~2015年江门市碳储量减少速率为0.036×106t/a,降幅相对变缓,但是占同期大湾区碳储量减少量的20.45%.此期间约166.71km²的林地被转化为建设用地,相当于释放了0.26×106t碳.2015年前后江门市碳储量变化方向出现转变,平均每年增加0.034×106t.
江门市2000~2020年碳储量增加与降低区域具有分布相邻性特征,即碳储量增加区域出现在碳储量降低区域的邻近空间(图4).2000~2020年江门市有1075.4km2的用地碳储量发生变化,其碳储量增加的面积达351.7km2,主要分布在蓬江区的东部和江海区;而碳储量减少的面积达723.7km2,约为碳储量增加地区面积的2.06倍,且同样集中分布在蓬江区和鹤山县级市.碳储量变化剧烈区域发生在是蓬江-江海平原、开平县级市东南平原(三埠街道、长沙街道和口水镇谭江段)以及台山县级市是中部三镇谷地(台城街道、冲蒌镇和斗山镇).以上三个区域是江门市经济发展最为成熟和活跃的地区,城市化进程迅速,大量林地、未利用地被转化为建设用地,例如蓬江区的潮连街道与新会区司前镇林场周边区域,转化面积达1.35km2.同时由于经济发展和人们生活水平的提高,对生态环境的要求也相应提高.2011年江门市林业、园林等部门结合实际情况,制定了《江门市“森林围城,树林进城”绿色行动方案》,城镇中心及周边建设了多个城市公园(例如蓬江区的荷塘公园、潮连公园和金蟾山公园).因此,江门市的经济核心区呈现出碳库破坏与建设共存的现象.尽管如此,碳储量减少面积仍远高于碳储量增加面积.
江门市的碳储量呈显著的空间正相关性.江门市五期碳储量全局Moran′s I指数都大于0.36,且Z值接近6.9,P值低于0.001的显著性水平,说明江门市的碳储量空间分布具有显著聚集现象.结果见表5.
江门市镇街的碳储量聚类现象呈多样化特征.江门市不同年份的碳储量呈现高-高聚类、低-低聚类和低-高聚类三种类型(图5).高-高聚类区域,如台山县级市的端芬镇是碳储量的热点区域应被加强保护.低-低聚类区域,如蓬江区的白沙街道和环市街道等地,主要为城市建成区.低-高聚类区域,如台山县级市的广海镇等地.在2005~2010年,江门市的碳储量呈现下降趋势,台山县级市的冲蒌镇、广海镇低-高聚类现象消失,归因于两镇之间的斗山镇碳储量大幅度下降,下降了2.7×104t,说明局部的碳储量变化会显著影响原本聚类的空间格局.聚类现象变化较为明显是在2010~2015年,端芬镇的周围出现多个高-高聚类区域.虽然江门市总碳储量呈下降趋势,但得益于林地保护措施的实施,台山县级市的深井镇、三合镇、冲蒌镇以及开平县级市的赤水镇等地出现了连片的高碳储量聚类现象.
林地分布最广、面积最为集中的台山、恩平、开平等3个县级市是江门市碳储量热区,占江门市总碳储量的70.5~71.9%.通过对江门各镇街的碳储量冷热点分析(图6),发现大田镇、那吉镇、深井镇、赤水镇、端芬镇、三合镇、川岛镇、广海镇、冲蒌镇等9个镇街的碳储量占江门市总碳储量的26%.碳储量热点区域的形成与林场和生态公园的建设密不可分,如大田镇的河排林场、赤水镇的狮山林场和东山林场、牛江镇的西坑林场、端芬镇的大隆洞林场、寻皇千岛湖生态公园和龙胜镇的开平市国营镇海林场等地区在近5年里绿地面积总计增加了5.42km2,碳储量增加3.91×104t.相比之下,东北部县区蓬江、江海区中的环市街道、北街街道、潮连街道、白沙街道、滘北街道、滘头街道、外海街道、堤东街道等建成区20年间的碳储量减少2.85×104t,对江门市总体碳储量有负面的影响.
政府推行的生态保护政策促进了江门市的碳储量恢复和提高.根据PMC指数值(表6),2010~2020年江门市实施的8份林业政策可划分为2个等级,6份可接受政策,2份良好政策,因为后期政策会基于前期政策的经验基础进行制定,故随着时间的推移政策等级有所提升.从平均水平来看,PMC指数均值为5.97,政策整体处于可接受水平.从各一级变量来看,政策保障(X2)、政策时效(X3)和政策作用对象(X6)的得分均值较低,变量的性能较差;政策范围(X1)、政策性质(X2)、政策领域(X5)、政策评价(X7)及政策功能(X8)的得分均值较高,变量的性能相对较好.其中X8是评价林地的关键变量.2015年开始,X8的一级变量值得分均为1,且江门市的林地碳储量呈正增长趋势,可见林地生态政策取得了成效.其中江门市狮山林场中商品林调整为生态公益林还林总面积达到了1.97km2,大田镇林地面积增加9.08km2,2020年江门市林地面积比2015年增加了37.37km2,林地保护效果显著提升.
激励保障是碳储量增加的核心驱动因素.本研究利用Lasso回归模型进行变量选择和参数估计.最终模型包含变量X2X4X7X8X10,其回归系数分别为0.009、0.105、0.018、0.007和0.029,模型的截距为-0.104,由此可得本研究的多元线性回归模型:
式中:X4的系数为0.105,表明激励保障对碳储量的增加具有正向影响.相比之下,虽然X2X7X8X10等也显示正向作用但它们对碳储量的驱动影响较小.补贴激励通过降低林业项目的初期成本,鼓励了更多的企业和个人投资于林业植被恢复,从而增加了碳的存储.同样,法律保障为这些投资提供了长期的安全保障,增强了投资者的信心.持续的税收优惠不仅提升了碳储量,还促进了可持续发展和绿色经济的长期增长.
森林是陆地生态系统中最大的碳库,在碳循环中发挥着重要作用.碳库变化直接影响大气中二氧化碳浓度和周边气候[34].2000~2020年期间,江门市生态系统碳储量呈现先下降后上升的变化趋势,主要是因林地面积减少与增加所导致.2005~2015年间江门林地碳储量减少量占整个大湾区碳储量减少量的29.4%[35].2015~2020年间江门市碳储量增加0.17×106t,其中林地贡献了72.02%,草地贡献了25.25%,而其他用地类型的总贡献不足3%.由聚类分析发现,江门市拥有大面积的碳储量高-高聚类区,是形成森林保护区的优良基础.且热点分析显示热点区域的镇街超50%的用地类型是林地,这说明林地在保持和增加碳储量方面具有不可或缺的作用.故需从林地的分类管理、规划以及政策调整入手,使林地区域的碳汇能力得到进一步提升[36-38],类似有南平市通过合理的人工造林使得区域碳储量提升1.05t/a(2013~2020年)[39].因此,维护林地是保障碳储量的关键.
近年来,政府实施的森林城市建设、林地保护补贴等政策,有效控制了建设用地的扩张,防止了林地进一步减少.这表明通过严格的土地规划和生态补偿政策,可以在短时间内提升区域碳储量.截止至2021年,江门市森林面积达到了429.3km2,森林覆盖率高达45.14%,城区绿化覆盖率也有大幅度提高,达到了45.34%,人均森林碳储量达到了14.4t[40].林业植被具备出色的固碳能力,不仅在发育过程中能有效吸收大气中的二氧化碳,而且枯落物还有助于增进土壤的碳贮存,在生态系统碳储存方面发挥着重要作用[41].然而要充分发挥森林在碳储存方面的潜力,关键在于科学合理的林地经营与管理.研究表明林业从业者对林业补贴政策的认知程度与他们经营山林的积极性呈正相关,更高的政策认知程度能够刺激和提升规模户生产要素投入和收入[42].因此,生态政策驱动保护林地与建设是构建城市碳汇行之有效的措施.
本研究对江门市区域碳储量与建筑密度进行功能分区(图7),分别为高碳储量-低建筑密度的生态保育区、高碳储量-高建筑密度的新型建成区、低碳储量-高建筑密度的中心旧城区、低碳储量-低建筑密度的自然荒野区,并总结了各类型分区的碳库增汇路径.
(1)生态保育区是维持碳储量的基础.生态保育区人类活动少、碳储量高,主要分布于江门市的林地和耕地.江门市的林地保育具有良好的基础与特色,通过实施《江门市饮用水源水库第一重山商品林调整为生态公益林规划方案》商品林转为公益林取得了良好的效果.2015~2020年牛江镇的西坑林场内2.11km2商品林调整为公益林,实现林地了永久性保护.尽管如此,由于林地的拓展空间有限,碳增汇潜力也有限.生态保育区的旅游开发往往会对林地碳库造成一定损害,例如,上下川岛是江门市的旅游名片,以林地为主,但由于海岛旅游开发,2000~2020年间岛上林地面积减少了0.75km2,造成碳储量减少了0.26×104t(占总碳储量减少量的14.4%).因此,生态保育区应以保护性开发为发展优先路径,从而维持林地面积和基础碳储量.
(2)自然荒野区是未来规划碳汇的增量空间.自然荒野区指的是建筑密度低且碳储量低的未利用地.此类区域通常不利于居住,开发程度低,且碳载体较少,具有较大的碳汇发展空间.例如江门沿海的滨海湿地,因前期过度开发,原有红树林面积大幅缩减[43].2023年4月,广东省多部门联合印发《广东省红树林保护修复专项规划》,对全省红树林保护修复进行系统部署,进一步建立健全保护和修复机制,科学、系统开展保护修复,全面提升红树林等湿地生态系统质量和服务功能.海滨红树林的恢复将为城市提供可观的碳汇增量.
(3)新型建成区是江门市碳汇增量的亮点区域.随着人们对绿色生活的追求和生态环境政策的落实,园林绿化逐渐成为住宅、公园和交通建设的重点环节,在新城区形成了高建筑密度且高碳储量的现象.例如恩平县级市2015年新建的华侨城综合生活区,其绿化面积达到总建成面积的40%.此外,蓬江区自2020年以来建成园山湖公园、潮头中央公园、兰石公园等75个公园,“见缝插'园'”为高建筑密度的建成区带来可观的碳汇增量.交通行道树同样具有重要的碳汇功能,对改善江门市的城市生态环境具有积极意义[44].发展城市园林将成为城市碳汇增量的主要发展方向.
(4)中心旧城区可通过绿色改造优化城市空间.中心旧城区因开发历史久远,缺乏绿化规划,形成建筑密度高且碳储量低的现象.并且建筑密度高、土地所有权复杂,可供园林绿化的空间有限,无法像新城区大面积规划林地绿化.因此,要想充分发挥中心城区的发展资源优势,则需在旧城改造的过程中使用新型绿色技术逐步优化绿色城市空间,如公共环境的立体绿化改造[45]和高固碳植物群落的优化配置[46],可为城市碳汇提供一定的支撑.
本研究揭示了林地政策对江门碳储量增加的驱动作用,尤其是在城市化快速发展的背景下,补贴型政策可显著提升“建成区分散-森林覆盖度高”类型城市的碳汇潜力.使用了PMC与Lasso归回模型的耦合分析时,虽有效捕捉了政策发布对碳储量的周期性影响,但在政策驱动碳储量过程分析中存在一定的局限性.首先,由于政策数据来源的限制,我们无法获取所有林地政策的实施过程和具体效应数据,如政策实施的作用时间、政策落实区域、植被类型转变及局域碳储量变化数据,这可能影响我们对政策评价的精准性.其次,我们的研究依赖于城市碳储量的定量分析,无法充分捕捉到政策实施过程中的定性变化,如当地社区对林地政策的接受程度和行为变化,限制了政策的全面性评价和对长期趋势的识别.未来研究需要进一步收集更细致的政策执行数据,从政策制定、发布、执行到反馈调整等全过程的效应分析,监测不同政策对林地类型、数量、管理措施及碳储量的具体变化,并结合定性研究方法,探索政策对碳储量的综合影响.为政策优化提供科学依据.
4.1 江门市土地利用类型以林地和耕地为主,但由于随城市扩张,被城市用地侵占,2000~2020年面积分别从4820.38和2850.17km2减少到4728.52和2716.63km2.其碳储量下降4.68%和1.83%.
4.2 江门市生态系统碳储量2000~2015年呈现下降趋势,2015年后又呈现上升趋势,主要由林地面积减少与增加所主导.江门市碳储量呈时空聚集格局,由郊区“森林围城”和建成区“树林进城”所组成,这一格局由一系列生态环境保护政策驱动而形成,其中公益林等补偿类型政策对碳储量增益效果明显.
4.3 政策驱动的林地保护与建设为江门市的碳汇构建提供了有效途径.研究明确政策激励是驱动碳储量增加的关键因素.建议在未来的林地保护政策中适当增添激励保护机制,调动大众积极性.
4.4 通过合理的功能分区,可制定针对性的碳汇政策.生态保育区的森林保护、自然荒野区的碳汇规划、中心旧城区的空间改造和新型建成区的园林建设都是江门市生态碳汇提升的重要发展方向.
  • 国家重点研发计划(2022YFF1301203)
  • 广东省海洋经济发展(海洋六大产业)专项(GDNRC[2023]45)
  • “十四五”广东省农业科技创新九大主攻方向“揭榜挂帅”项目(2023SDZG09)
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2025年第45卷第4期
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  • 接收时间:2024-08-27
  • 首发时间:2026-03-19
  • 出版时间:2025-04-20
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  • 收稿日期:2024-08-27
基金
国家重点研发计划(2022YFF1301203)
广东省海洋经济发展(海洋六大产业)专项(GDNRC[2023]45)
“十四五”广东省农业科技创新九大主攻方向“揭榜挂帅”项目(2023SDZG09)
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    1.五邑大学环境与化学工程学院,广东 江门 529020
    2.广东省科学院微生物研究所,华南应用微生物国家重点实验室,广东省环境保护微生物与区域生态安全重点实验室,广东省菌种保藏与应用重点实验室,广东 广州 510070

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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