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In the present study, Manganese oxide octahedral molecular sieve (OMS-2PS) was synthesized using K2S2O8 and(CH3COO)2Mn·4H2O via a solid-phase method. The physicochemical properties of OMS-2PS were analyzed via X-ray diffraction(XRD), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The performance of persulfate activation by OMS-2PS for degrading organic contaminants was examined. This study also investigated the effect of various parameters, including dosage of OMS-2PS, PS concentration, and initial pH, on AO7 removal efficiency. Moreover, the mechanism of PS activation by OMS-2PS was explored. The results showed OMS-2PS was successfully synthesized via a solid-phase method, which exhibits a nanorod structure. OMS-2PS could activate PS to degrade organic contaminants. The use of 50mg/L AO7,1.0g/L OMS-2PS, and 2.0mmol/L PS led to the AO7 removal and mineralization rates of 97.4% and 50.1%, respectively. Ion coexistence experiments demonstrated that AO7 removal was considerably inhibited by Cl, NO3, and CO32−, while HA had almost no effect on it. The free radical quenching experiments and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) analysis indicated ·OH and SO4•−were the primary active oxygen species in the OMS-2PS/PS system, and ·OH played the dominant role in the AO7 degradation. XPS analysis revealed Mn(IV) and lattice oxygen on the surface of OMS-2PS were the main active sites for PS activation. Based on experiment results, a potential activation mechanism of PS by OMS-2PS was proposed that PS combined with OMS-2PS through the hydroxyl groups on the surface of OMS-2PS, and then PS reacted with the active sites on the surface of OMS-2PS to produce active oxygen species. In addition, The OMS-2PS/PS system effectively removed AO7 from different water bodies, and also degraded efficiently other pollutants including bisphenol A, naphthalene, and tetracycline, indicating that the OMS-2PS/PS system have a bright application prospect in environmental pollution control.

, correspAuthors=Yong-kai LIAO, Chao CAI, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Yue SHEN, Hong-jian CAO, Xiao-tian LIU, Yong-kai LIAO, Chao CAI), CN=ArticleExt(id=1241408729397129452, articleId=1241408718366109943, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1234093305789726721, language=CN, title=OMS-2活化过硫酸盐降解有机污染物, columnId=1234106386565624579, journalTitle=中国环境科学, columnName=水污染与控制, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

以过硫酸钾和乙酸锰为原料,采用固相法制备了氧化锰八面体分子筛(OMS-2PS),采用X射线衍射仪(XRD),傅里叶变换红外光谱仪(FT-IR),X射线光电子能谱仪(XPS)等手段对OMS-2PS进行表征,考察了OMS-2PS活化过硫酸盐(PS)降解有机污染物的性能,研究了催化剂投加量,PS浓度和初始pH值等反应条件对目标污染物去除效果的影响,探究了OMS-2PS活化PS的作用机制.结果表明,采用固相法成功制备出OMS-2PS,且呈纳米棒状结构.OMS-2PS可有效活化PS降解水中有机污染物,当酸性橙7(AO7)浓度为50mg/L,催化剂投加量为1.0g/L,PS浓度为2.0mmol/L时,60min内AO7的去除率和矿化率分别为97.4%和50.1%.离子共存实验结果表明,Cl,NO3和CO32−对AO7的去除具有显著的抑制作用,而HA对AO7的去除几乎没有影响.自由基淬灭实验和电子顺磁共振(EPR)分析结果表明,OMS-2PS/PS体系中主要活性物种为·OH和SO4•−,且其中·OH对AO7的去除起主导作用.XPS分析结果表明,OMS-2PS表面的Mn(Ⅳ)和晶格氧是活化PS的主要活性位点.结合实验结果,分析OMS-2PS活化PS的机制可能是PS先通过OMS-2PS表面-OH和OMS-2PS结合,进而PS与OMS-2PS表面的活性位点反应产生活性物种.此外,将OMS-2PS/PS体系用于不同水体及其他有机污染物(双酚A,萘,四环素)的降解,也展现出良好的降解效果,表明该体系在环境污染治理领域具有广阔的应用前景.

, correspAuthors=廖用开, 蔡超, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
* 责任作者,工程师,;
** 研究员,
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沈悦(1997-),女,江苏扬州人,中国科学院城市环境研究所硕士研究生,主要从事有机污染场地化学氧化修复研究.发表论文1篇..

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沈悦(1997-),女,江苏扬州人,中国科学院城市环境研究所硕士研究生,主要从事有机污染场地化学氧化修复研究.发表论文1篇..

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沈悦(1997-),女,江苏扬州人,中国科学院城市环境研究所硕士研究生,主要从事有机污染场地化学氧化修复研究.发表论文1篇..

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articleId=1241408718366109943, language=CN, label=图14, caption=OMS-2PS/PS体系对不同污染物的降解, figureFileSmall=PMRUOMOx60iiWspwNJfgnw==, figureFileBig=eRiko5340wryMcPyAHWapw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241408738616209530, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1234093305789726721, articleId=1241408718366109943, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Pore characteristics of OMS-2PM and OMS-2PS

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材料比表面积(m2/g)孔容(cm2/g)平均孔径(nm)
OMS-2PM102.750.1469.69
OMS-2PS176.580.34612.23
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OMS-2PM和OMS-2PS的孔隙特征

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材料比表面积(m2/g)孔容(cm2/g)平均孔径(nm)
OMS-2PM102.750.1469.69
OMS-2PS176.580.34612.23
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Removal efficiency of organic pollutants in several reported systems

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催化剂浓度(g/L)PS浓度(mmol/L)污染物浓度(mg/L)去除率(%)参考文献
MnCeOx(0.7)4.0AO7(10)86.4[47]
MnFe2O4(0.4)3.15AO7(50)99.0[48]
Fe3O4-α-MnO2(1.2)3.0BPA(30)92.0[44]
α-MnO2(0.5)1.0BPA(10)66.7[49]
OMS-2PS(1.0)0.5AO7(50)97.0本研究
OMS-2PS(1.0)2.0BPA(10)90.7本研究
), ArticleFig(id=1241408739006279846, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1234093305789726721, articleId=1241408718366109943, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

有机污染物在不同体系中的去除率

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
催化剂浓度(g/L)PS浓度(mmol/L)污染物浓度(mg/L)去除率(%)参考文献
MnCeOx(0.7)4.0AO7(10)86.4[47]
MnFe2O4(0.4)3.15AO7(50)99.0[48]
Fe3O4-α-MnO2(1.2)3.0BPA(30)92.0[44]
α-MnO2(0.5)1.0BPA(10)66.7[49]
OMS-2PS(1.0)0.5AO7(50)97.0本研究
OMS-2PS(1.0)2.0BPA(10)90.7本研究
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OMS-2活化过硫酸盐降解有机污染物
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沈悦 1, 2 , 曹鸿健 1 , 刘晓恬 1, 2 , 廖用开 1, 2, * , 蔡超 1, **
中国环境科学 | 水污染与控制 2025,45(4): 1939-1950
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中国环境科学 | 水污染与控制 2025, 45(4): 1939-1950
OMS-2活化过硫酸盐降解有机污染物
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沈悦1, 2 , 曹鸿健1, 刘晓恬1, 2, 廖用开1, 2, * , 蔡超1, **
作者信息
  • 1.中国科学院城市环境研究所城市环境与健康重点实验室,福建 厦门 361021
  • 2.中国科学院大学,北京 100049
  • 沈悦(1997-),女,江苏扬州人,中国科学院城市环境研究所硕士研究生,主要从事有机污染场地化学氧化修复研究.发表论文1篇..

通讯作者:

* 责任作者,工程师,;
** 研究员,
Degradation of organic contaminants by OMS-2 activated persulfate
Yue SHEN1, 2 , Hong-jian CAO1, Xiao-tian LIU1, 2, Yong-kai LIAO1, 2, * , Chao CAI1, **
Affiliations
  • 1.State Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China
  • 2.University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
出版时间: 2025-04-20
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以过硫酸钾和乙酸锰为原料,采用固相法制备了氧化锰八面体分子筛(OMS-2PS),采用X射线衍射仪(XRD),傅里叶变换红外光谱仪(FT-IR),X射线光电子能谱仪(XPS)等手段对OMS-2PS进行表征,考察了OMS-2PS活化过硫酸盐(PS)降解有机污染物的性能,研究了催化剂投加量,PS浓度和初始pH值等反应条件对目标污染物去除效果的影响,探究了OMS-2PS活化PS的作用机制.结果表明,采用固相法成功制备出OMS-2PS,且呈纳米棒状结构.OMS-2PS可有效活化PS降解水中有机污染物,当酸性橙7(AO7)浓度为50mg/L,催化剂投加量为1.0g/L,PS浓度为2.0mmol/L时,60min内AO7的去除率和矿化率分别为97.4%和50.1%.离子共存实验结果表明,Cl,NO3和CO32−对AO7的去除具有显著的抑制作用,而HA对AO7的去除几乎没有影响.自由基淬灭实验和电子顺磁共振(EPR)分析结果表明,OMS-2PS/PS体系中主要活性物种为·OH和SO4•−,且其中·OH对AO7的去除起主导作用.XPS分析结果表明,OMS-2PS表面的Mn(Ⅳ)和晶格氧是活化PS的主要活性位点.结合实验结果,分析OMS-2PS活化PS的机制可能是PS先通过OMS-2PS表面-OH和OMS-2PS结合,进而PS与OMS-2PS表面的活性位点反应产生活性物种.此外,将OMS-2PS/PS体系用于不同水体及其他有机污染物(双酚A,萘,四环素)的降解,也展现出良好的降解效果,表明该体系在环境污染治理领域具有广阔的应用前景.

OMS-2  /  催化活化  /  过硫酸盐  /  有机污染物

In the present study, Manganese oxide octahedral molecular sieve (OMS-2PS) was synthesized using K2S2O8 and(CH3COO)2Mn·4H2O via a solid-phase method. The physicochemical properties of OMS-2PS were analyzed via X-ray diffraction(XRD), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The performance of persulfate activation by OMS-2PS for degrading organic contaminants was examined. This study also investigated the effect of various parameters, including dosage of OMS-2PS, PS concentration, and initial pH, on AO7 removal efficiency. Moreover, the mechanism of PS activation by OMS-2PS was explored. The results showed OMS-2PS was successfully synthesized via a solid-phase method, which exhibits a nanorod structure. OMS-2PS could activate PS to degrade organic contaminants. The use of 50mg/L AO7,1.0g/L OMS-2PS, and 2.0mmol/L PS led to the AO7 removal and mineralization rates of 97.4% and 50.1%, respectively. Ion coexistence experiments demonstrated that AO7 removal was considerably inhibited by Cl, NO3, and CO32−, while HA had almost no effect on it. The free radical quenching experiments and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) analysis indicated ·OH and SO4•−were the primary active oxygen species in the OMS-2PS/PS system, and ·OH played the dominant role in the AO7 degradation. XPS analysis revealed Mn(IV) and lattice oxygen on the surface of OMS-2PS were the main active sites for PS activation. Based on experiment results, a potential activation mechanism of PS by OMS-2PS was proposed that PS combined with OMS-2PS through the hydroxyl groups on the surface of OMS-2PS, and then PS reacted with the active sites on the surface of OMS-2PS to produce active oxygen species. In addition, The OMS-2PS/PS system effectively removed AO7 from different water bodies, and also degraded efficiently other pollutants including bisphenol A, naphthalene, and tetracycline, indicating that the OMS-2PS/PS system have a bright application prospect in environmental pollution control.

OMS-2  /  catalytic activation  /  persulfate  /  organic contaminants
沈悦, 曹鸿健, 刘晓恬, 廖用开, 蔡超. OMS-2活化过硫酸盐降解有机污染物. 中国环境科学, 2025 , 45 (4) : 1939 -1950 .
Yue SHEN, Hong-jian CAO, Xiao-tian LIU, Yong-kai LIAO, Chao CAI. Degradation of organic contaminants by OMS-2 activated persulfate[J]. China Environmental Science, 2025 , 45 (4) : 1939 -1950 .
近年来,持久性有机污染物在地下水和地表水中检出率日益增高[1].由于它们具有生物毒性和潜在致癌风险,严重威胁人体健康和生态环境[2],引起了广泛关注.因此,研究持久性有机污染物在水中的去除具有重要的实际意义.
活化过硫酸盐高级氧化技术由于在有机污染物治理中具有处理效果好,反应速度快和能够彻底矿化难降解有机物等优势而备受关注[3].过硫酸盐(PS)自身的氧化能力较低,对有机污染物的氧化速率较慢,故需通过活化过程产生氧化能力更强的活性氧物种(ROS),如硫酸根自由基(SO4•−),羟基自由基(·OH)等[4].常用的PS活化方式包括紫外照射,碱活化,过渡金属和热活化等[5-8],其中过渡金属活化因其效果好,操作简便及成本较低等优点而备受关注[9-10].锰(Mn)作为一种典型的过渡金属,具有pH值适用范围广,生物毒性低,自然丰度高,环境友好等优点,已被广泛用于活化PS降解水中有机污染物[11].
氧化锰八面体分子筛(KMn8O16,OMS-2)是一种类似于沸石分子筛结构的α-MnO2型锰氧化合物,由[MnO6]通过共棱边和共棱角连接形成的2×2一维隧道结构,孔径约为0.46nm[12],晶格中存在Mn(Ⅱ),Mn(Ⅲ)和Mn(Ⅳ).OMS-2由于具有多种锰价态,高比表面积,疏水性,易释放酸性位点和晶格氧等特点而被认为是一种高效且环境友好的催化剂[13-14].最新研究表明,OMS-2或过渡金属改性OMS-2可高效活化过硫酸盐降解水中有机污染物[15-16].相关研究利用OMS-2活化PS降解水中扑热息痛,反应180min后降解率达到99.5%,显著高于单独使用PS或OMS-2处理的10.4%和41.9%[15].
目前,常见的OMS-2制备方法包括水热法,回流法,固相法等,其中固相法因具有无需溶剂,操作简便,成本低及环境友好等特点,被视为一种可实现规模化制备OMS-2的方法[17].固相法是指将高锰酸钾和乙酸锰按一定摩尔比混合,并通过研磨和加热等工序制备OMS-2的方法[18].然而,采用固相法制备的OMS-2在PS催化性能方面并不如回流法或水热法制备的材料表现优异[19-20].因此,对OMS-2固相法制备工艺进行改进,提高其对PS的催化性能,具有重要意义.
研究表明,锰氧化物中晶格氧含量是影响其催化降解性能的关键因素.通常认为,锰氧化物中晶格氧含量越高,其展现出的PS催化活性也更佳[21].例如,Wu等[22]研究了不同金属(Co,Cu,Ce)掺杂对OMS-2活化过一硫酸盐(PMS)降解二氯酚酸的影响,发现Co和Ce共掺杂OMS-2表现出更优异的PMS催化活性,这主要归因于(Co+Ce)-OMS-2具有更丰富的晶格氧.另一方面,在锰氧化物的制备过程中,所用氧化剂的类型会显著影响产物中晶格氧的含量.Panda等[23]采用高锰酸钾或过硫酸铵作为氧化剂,MnCl2为还原剂,通过水热法制备了MnO2,发现使用过硫酸铵制备的MnO2中晶格氧含量为63.19%,显著高于使用高锰酸钾制备MnO2中的晶格氧含量(50.21%).
根据上述分析,如采用过硫酸钾代替高锰酸钾的策略对固相法进行改进,预期可增加OMS-2中晶格氧含量,这不仅可以提升固相法制备的OMS-2催化活性,还能满足大规模生产及应用需求.然而,目前尚未见有关上述改进固相法制备OMS-2并将其用于活化PS去除有机污染物的研究报道.因此,本研究采用过硫酸钾和乙酸锰为原料,采用固相法制备氧化锰八面体分子筛(OMS-2PS),并将其作为PS催化剂用于有机污染物的降解,研究OMS-2PS活化PS去除有机污染物的效果及机理,同时验证其重用性及在实际水体中应用的潜力,为OMS-2的制备工艺优化及其高效活化PS氧化处理有机污染物提供科技支撑.
过硫酸钠(Na2S2O8,AR),过硫酸钾(K2S2O8,AR),高锰酸钾(KMnO4,AR),萘(Nap),四环素(TC),甲醇,叔丁醇,硫酸,氢氧化钠,氯化钠(NaCl),硫酸钠(Na2SO4),硝酸钠(NaNO3),二水合磷酸二氢钠(NaH2PO4·2H2O)购自国药集团化学试剂有限公司;酸性橙7(AO7),双酚A(BPA),腐殖酸(HA),四水合乙酸锰((CH3COO)2Mn·4H2O,AR)购自上海阿拉丁生化科技股份有限公司,所有实验药品使用时均无需进一步纯化,所有实验过程中未特殊说明的情况下所用水均为超纯水.
称取2.4509g乙酸锰和2.7032g过硫酸钾(PS)于研钵中,混合均匀后充分研磨20min,将所得混合物粉末转移至密闭玻璃器皿,80℃加热1h,反应结束后,经过滤,蒸馏水洗涤,并在40℃下干燥6h,制得OMS-2PS.
本研究也采用传统固相法[19]制备了OMS-2催化剂,以进行比较分析.称取2.4509g乙酸锰和1.0537g高锰酸钾(PM)于研钵中,充分混合后研磨20min,将研磨后的混合物粉末转移至密闭玻璃器皿,120℃加热1h.反应结束后,经过过滤和蒸馏水洗涤,并在40℃下干燥6h,最终产物标记为OMS-2PM.
利用X射线衍射仪(XRD,X’Pert Pro)鉴定催化剂的物相;采用场发射扫描电子显微镜(SEM,S-4800,日立)和透射电子显微镜(TEM,H-7650,日立)观察和分析催化剂的微观形貌;使用Zeta电位分析仪(ZetaPALS,马尔文)测定催化剂的零电荷点(pHPZC);并采用X射线光电子能谱仪(XPS,Axis Supra+)分析催化剂的表面元素组成和化学价态变化.
降解实验所用AO7溶液的浓度均为50mg/L,反应温度为25℃,溶液初始pH值采用1mol/L的H2SO4溶液和NaOH溶液调节.向250mL玻璃烧杯中加入100mL的目标污染物(AO7,四环素,萘,BPA)溶液,然而分别再加入一定量催化剂(OMS-2PM或OMS-2PS) (1g/L)和过硫酸钠(2mmol/L),同时开始计时,利用磁力搅拌器持续充分搅拌,并在5,10,15,30,60min时用注射器取样5mL,过0.22μm有机滤膜,通过紫外分光光度计测定在最大吸收波长处的吸光度值,或通过高效液相色谱仪测定其峰面积.利用总有机碳分析仪测定反应60min后样品中TOC含量.所有实验均重复3次以确保结果可靠,图中误差棒表示标准偏差,实验误差控制在5%以内.
采用紫外分光光度法测定AO7和四环素浓度:在设定时间取样,并用0.22 μm有机滤膜过滤,取滤液置于石英比色皿中测量其最大吸收波长处的吸光度值(AO7:484nm,TC:356nm).
采用高效液相色谱测定BPA和萘的浓度:在设定时间取样,并用0.22μm有机滤膜过滤,取滤液进行HPLC分析,具体测试条件如下:所用色谱柱型号为SinChrom ODS-BP色谱柱(5μm,4.6×200nm),BPA的流动相为V(乙腈):V(水)=50:50,检测波长227nm,萘的流动相为V(甲醇):V(水)=80:20,检测波长252nm,流速为1mL/min,进样量为20μL,柱温调节为30℃.
采用甲醇和叔丁醇作为SO4•−和·OH的淬灭剂.反应开始前,向体系内分别加入一定量的甲醇和叔丁醇,然后加入PS开始反应,在设定时间取样分析.
采用电子顺磁共振光谱仪(EPR,Bruker EMX-10/12)鉴定OMS-2PS/PS体系中的氧化活性物种,加入2mmol/L PS,在5min后用毛细管吸取少量溶液,测试条件设置为:调制幅度为0.2mT,输出功率为20mW,调制频率为100kHz.
采用准一级动力学模型拟合在不同体系中AO7的降解速率,根据式(2)计算AO7降解的表观一级反应速率常数kobs.
式中:C0为目标污染物初始浓度,mg/L;Ctt时刻目标污染物剩余浓度,mg/L;kobs为表观一级反应速率常数,min-1.
图1(a)所示为OMS-2PM和OMS-2PS的XRD图谱.由图1(a)可知,OMS-2PM和OMS-2PS的XRD衍射峰均与KMn8O16的标准谱图一致(PDF#00-29-1020):2θ为12.74°、18.06°、28.74°、37.62°、42.03°、49.89°、60.24°处分别对应KMn8O16的(110)、(200)、(310)、(121)、(301)、(411)和(521)晶面,这与文献报道的一致[18];除此之外,未观察到其他杂质峰,说明产物为纯净的KMn8O16.综上,本研究采用固相法和改进固相法均成功制备出氧化锰八面体分子筛,且纯度较高.
图1(b)所示,OMS-2PM和OMS-2PS在3446和1647cm-1附近的峰归属于羟基拉伸与弯曲振动[24].而在711、566和531cm-1附近的峰则是MnO6八面体骨架的振动峰,这些是KMn8O16的特征峰[25],表明成功合成了KMn8O16,这与XRD分析结果一致.
通过SEM分析研究了OMS-2PM和OMS-2PS的形貌特征(图2),发现OMS-2PM和OMS-2PS均呈纳米棒结构,这是OMS-2的典型形貌特征[18];OMS-2PM存在明显的团聚现象,而OMS-2PS具有多孔网状结构.利用TEM对OMS-2PS的微观结构进行了表征,结果如图3所示.由图3(a)可知,OMS-2PS呈纳米棒状结构,这与SEM分析结果一致.此外,图3(b)可看到清晰的晶格条纹,晶面间距为0.49nm,它归属于OMS-2晶体的(200)晶面[26].
为了解OMS-2PM和OMS-2PS的表面锰元素价态分布及氧物种组成情况,对两种催化剂进行了XPS表征.图4(a)显示了催化剂的XPS Mn2p谱图,对Mn 2p3/2进行分峰拟合发现,结合能641.1、642.2和643.5eV处分别归属于Mn(II)、Mn(III)和Mn(IV)[27-28],OMS-2中Mn(II)、Mn(III)和Mn(IV)占比分别是10.1%、44.5%和45.3%,而OMS-2PS中Mn(II)、Mn(III)和Mn(IV)的占比分别为4.0%、38.5%和57.5%.如图4(b)所示,O 1s可以分为2个峰,结合能为529.7和531.3eV的峰分别归属于晶格氧(Olatt)和表面吸附氧(Osurf[29],OMS-2PM表面Olatt和Osurf的比例分别为48.7%和51.3%,这与Chen等[30]的研究报道基本一致;而与OMS-2PM相比,OMS-2PS表面拥有更丰富的Olatt,占比达到62.8%.
图5所示,OMS-2PM和OMS-2PS的N2吸附和解吸等温曲线及孔径分布(内嵌图)差异显著.结果表明,OMS-2-PM(图5(a))和OMS-2PS (图5(b))均表现出典型的混合I/IV型等温线和H3/H4型滞后回线,这表明两种材料中均存在微孔(<2nm)和介孔(2~50nm)[31].表1列出了OMS-2PM和OMS-2PS的孔隙特征,与OMS-2PM相比,OMS-2PS的比表面积,孔容和平均孔径均显著升高.
不同体系对AO7的去除效果如图6所示.在单独PS体系下,AO7的去除率不足5%,说明单独PS无法有效降解AO7.当单独OMS-2PM和OMS-2PS存在时,AO7的去除率为7.7%和21.9%,这与熊易玄等[20]的研究结果相似.然而,在OMS-2PS和PS共存时,反应60min后AO7的去除率达到97.4%,表明OMS-2PS能有效活化PS去除水中AO7,且该过程符合准一级动力学模型(R2=0.985).与OMS-2PM/PS体系相比,OMS-2PS/PS体系对AO7表现出更优异的去除效果,这主要体现在该体系的kobs值显著高于OMS-2PM/PS体系,说明OMS-2PS具有更强的催化性能,这可能归因于OMS-2PS拥有更丰富的晶格氧和更大的比表面积.有研究表明,锰氧化物中晶格氧含量越高,其对PS的催化性能则更优异[32-33].此外,OMS-2PS更大的比表面积为反应提供了更多的活性位点,从而提升催化剂活化PS的性能[34].
OMS-2PS投加量对AO7去除效果的影响如图7(a)所示.由图可知,当OMS-2PS投加量在0.25~1.00g/L范围内时,随着催化剂投加量的增加,60min内AO7去除率由61.9%增加至97.4%,kobs值从0.0156提高到0.0572;当OMS-2PS投加量继续增大至1.25g/L时,AO7去除效果变化不显著,但kobs值由0.0572升高至0.0687.分析认为,OMS-2PS投加量的增加为PS提供了更多催化活性点位,进而产生更多活性物种,从而促进AO7的去除[16].然而,由于溶液中PS浓度有限,过高的OMS-2PS投加量可能造成催化活性位点过剩[31],导致AO7的去除率提升不明显.
图7(b)展示了PS的浓度变化对AO7去除效果的影响,其他反应条件与之前保持一致.当PS浓度为0.5mmol/L时,反应60min后AO7的降解效率达到95.8%.随着PS的浓度由0.5mmol/L提升到10.0mmol/L,反应60min后AO7的去除率未显著变化,但kobs从0.0532min-1增加到0.0885min-1,说明提高PS浓度可加快AO7的去除速率,这是因为随着PS浓度的增加,反应体系中活性物种的产率升高,进而促进AO7的去除[35].
pH值是催化剂活化PS降解污染物的重要影响因素.初始pH值对AO7去除效果的影响如图7(c)所示.当初始pH值由3.0升高到9.0时,AO7的去除率从99.7%降低至90.7%,表明酸性条件可促进AO7的去除,而在碱性条件下AO7的降解受到显著抑制,这可能与OMS-2PS表面的零电荷点(pHPZC)有关.当溶液pH<pHPZC时,催化剂表面带正电;当溶液pH>pHPZC时,催化剂表面带负电[36].通过Zeta电位分析测得OMS-2PS的pHPZC为3.37.AO7的酸解离常数pKa1为1.0,pKa2为11.0,所以AO7在溶液中通常带负电荷[37].因此,当溶液pH值增加超过pHPZC,OMS-2PS表面电荷由零变负,OMS-2PS与同带负电荷的PS和AO7之间产生静电效应,静电斥力使得三者的接触减少,从而导致AO7的去除效率显著下降.
天然水体中存在多种无机阴离子和腐殖酸(HA),这些共存物质可能对OMS-2PS/PS体系中有机污染物的降解产生影响[34].因此,本研究探讨了常见无机阴离子(Cl、NO3、CO32−)及HA在OMS-2PS/PS体系中对AO7去除的影响.如图7(d)所示,添加50mmol/L的Cl、NO3和CO32−对OMS-2PS/PS体系降解AO7均具有显著的抑制作用,且抑制作用强度依次为:Cl>NO3>CO32−.这种现象可能是由于共存阴离子与羟基自由基(·OH)反应生成了反应活性较低的活性物种,相关反应(式(2)~(6))[38-40].在HA为20mg/L时,AO7去除率由97.4%下降至95.2%,说明HA对OMS-2PS/PS体系降解AO7的影响相对较小,这与Ma等[41]的研究结果类似.
本研究采用甲醇(MeOH)作为·OH和SO4•−的淬灭剂,叔丁醇(TBA)作为·OH的淬灭剂[31],以鉴定OMS-2PS/PS体系中活性物质的种类及其对AO7降解的贡献.淬灭实验结果如图8(a)所示,当TBA和MeOH浓度均为20mmol/L时,TBA的抑制作用大于MeOH,这是因为TBA对·OH的淬灭效果优于甲醇[42].在添加高浓度的MeOH(500mmol/L)和TBA(100mmol/L)后,AO7的去效率分别由97.4%降至72.5%和72.6%.MeOH与TBA表现出一致的抑制效果,表明OMS-2PS/PS体系中·OH对AO7降解起主导作用,而SO4•−的作用不明显.
采用二甲基吡啶N-氧化物(DMPO)作为自旋捕获剂进行EPR分析,进一步鉴别OMS-2PS//PS体系的氧化活性物种,分析结果见图8(b).单一PS体系加入DMPO后检测到微弱的DMPO-OH信号(峰强度比1:2:2:1),表明在单一PS体系中产生了少量·OH.在单一OMS-2PS/体系中,图谱中没有出现明显信号峰,表明在单一OMS-2PS体系中没有活性物种产生.而OMS-2PS//PS体系中,EPR分析检测到带有七元体结构的强峰DMPO-X(峰强度比1:2:1:2:1:2:1),这归因于DMPO被具有强氧化性的自由基氧化,从而间接说明在OMS-2PS//PS体系中存在活性物种,如·OH或SO4•−[43],这一发现与自由基淬灭实验结果基本一致.
综上所述,在OMS-2PS/PS体系中存在·OH和SO4•−,其中·OH对AO7的降解起主要作用.
研究表明,非均相反应中有机物的降解主要发生在Mn基催化剂表面,通常PS通过催化剂表面的羟基官能团(-OH)与催化剂结合[44].因此,为探究OMS-2PS/表面的-OH在OMS-2PS/PS体系降解污染物过程中的作用,本研究采用H2PO4作为-OH掩蔽剂[45],开展OMS-2PS/表面的-OH掩蔽实验.由图9(a)可知,当向OMS-2PS/PS体系加入H2PO4(50.0mmol/ L)时,AO7的去除率由98.7%降低至19.6%,表明OMS-2PS表面的-OH参与了降解反应.此外,为明确OMS-2PS溶出Mn2+在PS活化中起的贡献,分析了OMS-2PS的Mn2+溶出量及Mn2+活化PS降解AO7的效果.如图9(b)所示,Mn2+溶出量随着反应进行先增大后趋于平稳;在最大Mn2+溶出浓度18.9mg/L和PS浓度为2mmol/L条件下,AO7的去除效果不明显,表明在OMS-2PS/PS体系中OMS-2PS溶出Mn2+在PS活化中起的贡献可以忽略不计.上述实验结果进一步说明OMS-2PS表面的-OH在PS活化过程中起关键作用.
为进一步鉴定OMS-2PS催化PS的活性位点,本研究采用XPS对OMS-2PS反应前后Mn元素价态和氧物种的变化进行分析.由图10(a)可知,Mn 2p谱图可以拟合为3个峰:Mn(II) (641.1eV),Mn(III)(642.2eV)和Mn(IV) (643.5eV).反应前,OMS-2PS中Mn(II),Mn(III)和Mn(IV)的相对含量分别是4.0%,38.5%和57.5%;而在反应后,OMS-2PS中Mn4+的相对含量由反应前的57.5%下降至50.7%,表明在OMS-2PS在活化PS过程中Mn(IV)充当活性位点.如图10(b)所示,O 1s谱图可分为两个峰,分别为晶格氧(529.7eV)和表面吸附氧(531.3eV),OMS-2PS中晶格氧(Olatt)的相对含量由反应前的62.77%下降至58.41%,进一步证明晶格氧参与了降解反应.
基于上述实验结果,系统分析OMS-2PS活化PS的机制.氧化剂PS通过其表面-OH与OMS-2PS结合,促使PS与OMS-2PS表面的活性位点反应产生活性物种.OMS-2PS表面的Mn(Ⅳ)被PS还原生成Mn(Ⅲ)和S2O8•−(式7),Mn(Ⅲ)进一步通过电子转移导致PS中O-O断裂产生SO4•−(式8)[11].在OMS-2PS/PS体系中产生的SO4•−可以与H2O/OH反应生成·OH(式9-10)[31].大量的·OH被释放到体系中,实现了有机污染物的高效降解.
图11展示了OMS-2PS/PS体系降解AO7过程中的紫外可见光谱.结果显示,AO7主要在230,310和484nm处具有特征吸收峰,分别对应AO7的苯环,萘环和发色基团偶氮键[46].随活化反应的进行,位于230,310和484nm处的AO7特征峰强度逐渐减弱,表明AO7的苯环结构,萘环结构和偶氮键不断地被·OH氧化;60min后,苯环,萘环和偶氮键的特征峰均接近消失.此外,为探究OMS-2PS/PS体系对AO7的矿化能力,本研究还测定了反应60min后溶液的TOC含量.单独OMS-2PS和单独PS体系对AO7的矿化率分别为13.2%和7.5%;而在OMS-2PS/PS体系中,AO7的矿化率达到50.1%.上述实验结果表明,OMS-2PS/PS体系对AO7不仅有良好的去除效果,而且具有一定的矿化能力.
循环利用性能是评估催化剂优劣的重要指标.如图12(a)所示,循环使用5次后,OMS-2PS/PS体系对AO7的去除率由97.4%降至87.5%,表明OMS-2PS具有良好的可重用性.结合XPS光谱测试结果分析,性能下降的主要原因可能为OMS-2PS/PS在活化PS过程中相关活性位点被逐渐消耗.通过XRD考察了OMS-2PS在反应前后的晶体结构变化.由图12(b)可知,反应前后OMS-2PS的晶体结构未发生明显变化,表明催化剂具有良好的结构稳定性.
为了研究OMS-2PS/PS体系在实际水体中去除AO7的效果,本研究选取了3种不同来源的实际水体进行试验:实验室自来水,某研究机构园区景观水和自然河流水体.如图13所示,当初始pH值为3.0,材料投加量为1.0g/L,PS浓度为2.0mmol/L时,OMS-2PS/PS体系对3种实际水体中AO7均具有良好的降解效果,AO7去除率均超过95.0%.因此,OMS-2PS/PS体系可以有效地去除实际水体的AO7,而且对实际水体表现出良好的适用性.
进一步选择双酚A(BPA),萘(Nap)和四环素(TC)等作为目标污染物,考察OMS-2PS/PS体系对其(10mg/L)的去除效果.如图14所示,OMS-2PS/PS体系对BPA,NaP和TC的降解率分别达到90.7%、98.9%和78.3%,表明OMS-2PS/PS体系对多种有机污染物均能达到较好的降解效果.因此,OMS-2PS可推荐作为优良的PS活化剂用于多种有机污染物的处理.表2比较了有机污染物(AO7和BPA)在不同催化剂体系中的去除效果.由表2可知,本研究建立的OMS-2PS/PS体系对有机污染物的氧化效率显著高于其他催化剂,且消耗的氧化剂PS量更少.
3.1 利用过硫酸钾和乙酸锰为原料,通过固相法成功制备氧化锰八面体分子筛催化剂(OMS-2PS).表征结果显示,OMS-2PS为纳米棒状结构,具有丰富的晶格氧,比表面积和孔隙结构.
3.2 在AO7浓度为50mg/L,OMS-2PS投加量为1.0g/L,PS浓度为2.0mmol/L,温度为25 ℃时,反应60min后,AO7和TOC的去除率分别达97.4%和50.1%.在OMS-2PS/PS体系中,增加OMS-2PS投加量,提高PS浓度及降低初始pH值均能有效促进AO7的去除,而HA对AO7的去除几乎没有影响;Cl,NO3及CO32−对AO7的去除具有显著的抑制作用.OMS-2PS在循环使用5次后仍保持96.0%的AO7去除率.
3.3 淬灭实验,EPR和XPS分析结果表明,OMS-2PS表面的Mn(IV)和晶格氧是PS活化的主要活性位点,可与PS反应生成SO4•−和·OH,其中·OH在AO7的降解中起主导作用.此外,OMS-2PS表面的-OH作为PS的结合位点参与AO7的降解过程.总体而言,OMS-2PS/PS体系对不同水体表现出良好的适用性,且对有机污染物降解具有一定的普适性,综合性能优异.
  • 国家重点研发计划基金资助项目(2023YFC3709700)
  • 福建省科技计划引导性项目基金资助项目(2022Y0073)
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2025年第45卷第4期
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  • 接收时间:2024-10-28
  • 首发时间:2026-03-19
  • 出版时间:2025-04-20
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  • 收稿日期:2024-10-28
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国家重点研发计划基金资助项目(2023YFC3709700)
福建省科技计划引导性项目基金资助项目(2022Y0073)
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    1.中国科学院城市环境研究所城市环境与健康重点实验室,福建 厦门 361021
    2.中国科学院大学,北京 100049

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

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种数
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species
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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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