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The spatiotemporal evolution of water quality in the Yangtze River Basin since the impoundment of the Three Gorges Reservoir is critical for formulating comprehensive basin management strategies. Using stepwise multiple linear regression analysis, key water quality indicators influencing the basin from 2003 to 2024 were identified as total phosphorus (TP), permanganate index(CODMn), ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N), lead (Pb), and dissolved oxygen (DO). Evaluations via the single-factor method and the WQImin index demonstrated that the average water quality across the entire Yangtze River Basin has reached an excellent level. However, secondary basins—including the Wu River Basin, Min-Tuo River Basin, and Taihu Lake water system—exhibited relatively severe pollution, with TP and NH3-N being the most prominent contaminants. Significant spatial heterogeneity in water quality was observed. Linear regression and seasonal Kendall tests indicated a statistically significant upward trend in the overall water quality of the Yangtze River Basin. All secondary basins, except the Han River Basin, demonstrated significant improvements. Following the Three Gorges Reservoir impoundment, TP concentrations in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River (specifically the Jialing River Basin, Wu River Basin, and the mainstream section from Yibin to Yichang) initially increased and subsequently declined. Similarly, NH3-N concentrations in the middle reaches (e.g., Dongting Lake and Poyang Lake water systems) and the Wu River Basin located in the upper Yangtze River exhibited comparable trends of initial rise followed by reduction. Conducting research on the spatiotemporal evolution characteristics of water quality across the entire Yangtze River Basin, incorporating secondary tributaries through multi-scale, long-term time series, and multi-indicator analyses, provides critical scientific support for precise pollution mitigation strategies in the region. Such an integrated approach enables a comprehensive understanding of water quality dynamics, identifies pollution hotspots, and informs spatially differentiated management actions, thereby enhancing the efficacy of basin-wide environmental governance.
, correspAuthors=Yong-gui WANG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Rui-kai CHEN, Jin KANG, Yan-xin ZHAO, Yan-qi GUO, Xiao-lin XU, Yong-gui WANG), CN=ArticleExt(id=1241408726423368615, articleId=1241408717791490283, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1234093305789726721, language=CN, title=2003~2024年长江流域水质时空演变特征, columnId=1234106388268503686, journalTitle=中国环境科学, columnName=环境生态, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
揭示三峡水库蓄水以来,长江流域水质时空格局是流域综合治理的基础.基于多元线性逐步回归分析,筛选出2003~2024年间影响长江流域水质的关键指标为TP、CODMn、NH3-N、Pb和DO.单因子评价和WQImin指数评价表明长江全流域平均水质达到优秀水平,乌江流域、岷沱江流域以及太湖水系是长江流域污染较为严重的二级流域,其中TP与NH3-N污染较为突出,水质状况空间异质性显著;使用线性回归分析与季节性Kendall趋势检验,发现长江流域整体水质状况提升趋势显著,具有明显的时间异质性,除汉江外其他二级流域水质状况均有显著上升趋势;三峡水库蓄水以来,上游嘉陵江、乌江流域和宜宾至宜昌干流的TP浓度以及中游洞庭湖、鄱阳湖水系和上游乌江流域NH3-N浓度出现先上升后下降趋势.从长江全流域耦合二级支流,开展多尺度长序列多指标的水质时空演变特征研究,能为长江流域精准治污提供支撑.
, correspAuthors=王永桂, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
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, authorsList=陈瑞凯, 康瑾, 赵琰鑫, 郭琰琪, 徐晓林, 王永桂)}, authors=[Author(id=1241408727627132958, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1234093305789726721, articleId=1241408717791490283, orderNo=0, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=chenrk@cug.edu.cn, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1241408727887179835, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1234093305789726721, articleId=1241408717791490283, authorId=1241408727627132958, language=EN, stringName=Rui-kai CHEN, firstName=Rui-kai, middleName=null, lastName=CHEN, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=
1, address=
1.Hubei Key Laboratory of Regional Ecology and Environmental Change, School of Geography and Information Engineering, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1241408728050757714, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1234093305789726721, articleId=1241408717791490283, authorId=1241408727627132958, language=CN, stringName=陈瑞凯, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=
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1.中国地质大学(武汉)地理与信息工程学院,区域生态过程与环境演变湖北省重点实验室,湖北 武汉 430074, bio={"content":"
陈瑞凯(1999-),男,河南开封人,中国地质大学(武汉)硕士研究生,主要从事流域水质变化分析和地表水数值模拟研究.chenrk@cug.edu.cn.
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陈瑞凯(1999-),男,河南开封人,中国地质大学(武汉)硕士研究生,主要从事流域水质变化分析和地表水数值模拟研究.chenrk@cug.edu.cn.
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1.Hubei Key Laboratory of Regional Ecology and Environmental Change, School of Geography and Information Engineering, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241408726943462362, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1234093305789726721, articleId=1241408717791490283, companyId=1241408726926685144, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=
1.中国地质大学(武汉)地理与信息工程学院,区域生态过程与环境演变湖北省重点实验室,湖北 武汉 430074)])]), Author(id=1241408728310804582, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1234093305789726721, articleId=1241408717791490283, orderNo=1, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1241408728495353985, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1234093305789726721, articleId=1241408717791490283, authorId=1241408728310804582, language=EN, stringName=Jin KANG, firstName=Jin, middleName=null, lastName=KANG, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=
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2.Hubei Academy of Eco-Environmental Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1241408728600211602, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1234093305789726721, articleId=1241408717791490283, authorId=1241408728310804582, language=CN, stringName=康瑾, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=
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2.湖北省生态环境科学研究院,湖北 武汉 430072, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1241408727174149102, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1234093305789726721, articleId=1241408717791490283, xref=2., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241408727216092147, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1234093305789726721, articleId=1241408717791490283, companyId=1241408727174149102, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=
2.Hubei Academy of Eco-Environmental Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241408727224480756, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1234093305789726721, articleId=1241408717791490283, companyId=1241408727174149102, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=
2.湖北省生态环境科学研究院,湖北 武汉 430072)])]), Author(id=1241408728717652128, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1234093305789726721, articleId=1241408717791490283, orderNo=2, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1241408728856064177, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1234093305789726721, articleId=1241408717791490283, authorId=1241408728717652128, language=EN, stringName=Yan-xin ZHAO, firstName=Yan-xin, middleName=null, lastName=ZHAO, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=
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3.Chinese Academy of Environmental Planning, Beijing 100012, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1241408729195802832, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1234093305789726721, articleId=1241408717791490283, authorId=1241408728717652128, language=CN, stringName=赵琰鑫, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=
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3.生态环境部环境规划院,北京 100012, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1241408727413223429, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1234093305789726721, articleId=1241408717791490283, xref=3., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241408727421612039, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1234093305789726721, articleId=1241408717791490283, companyId=1241408727413223429, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=
3.Chinese Academy of Environmental Planning, Beijing 100012, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241408727459360778, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1234093305789726721, articleId=1241408717791490283, companyId=1241408727413223429, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=
3.生态环境部环境规划院,北京 100012)])]), Author(id=1241408729300660447, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1234093305789726721, articleId=1241408717791490283, orderNo=3, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1241408729413906670, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1234093305789726721, articleId=1241408717791490283, authorId=1241408729300660447, language=EN, stringName=Yan-qi GUO, firstName=Yan-qi, middleName=null, lastName=GUO, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=
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1.Hubei Key Laboratory of Regional Ecology and Environmental Change, School of Geography and Information Engineering, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1241408729556513019, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1234093305789726721, articleId=1241408717791490283, authorId=1241408729300660447, language=CN, stringName=郭琰琪, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=
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1.中国地质大学(武汉)地理与信息工程学院,区域生态过程与环境演变湖北省重点实验室,湖北 武汉 430074, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1241408726926685144, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1234093305789726721, articleId=1241408717791490283, xref=1., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241408726939268057, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1234093305789726721, articleId=1241408717791490283, companyId=1241408726926685144, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=
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1.中国地质大学(武汉)地理与信息工程学院,区域生态过程与环境演变湖北省重点实验室,湖北 武汉 430074)])]), Author(id=1241408729711702289, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1234093305789726721, articleId=1241408717791490283, orderNo=4, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1241408729896251686, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1234093305789726721, articleId=1241408717791490283, authorId=1241408729711702289, language=EN, stringName=Xiao-lin XU, firstName=Xiao-lin, middleName=null, lastName=XU, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=
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1.Hubei Key Laboratory of Regional Ecology and Environmental Change, School of Geography and Information Engineering, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1241408730022080824, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1234093305789726721, articleId=1241408717791490283, authorId=1241408729711702289, language=CN, stringName=徐晓林, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=
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1.中国地质大学(武汉)地理与信息工程学院,区域生态过程与环境演变湖北省重点实验室,湖北 武汉 430074, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1241408726926685144, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1234093305789726721, articleId=1241408717791490283, xref=1., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241408726939268057, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1234093305789726721, articleId=1241408717791490283, companyId=1241408726926685144, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=
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1.中国地质大学(武汉)地理与信息工程学院,区域生态过程与环境演变湖北省重点实验室,湖北 武汉 430074)])]), Author(id=1241408730185658701, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1234093305789726721, articleId=1241408717791490283, orderNo=5, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=wangyg@cug.edu.cn, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=1, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1241408730307293533, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1234093305789726721, articleId=1241408717791490283, authorId=1241408730185658701, language=EN, stringName=Yong-gui WANG, firstName=Yong-gui, middleName=null, lastName=WANG, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=
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1.Hubei Key Laboratory of Regional Ecology and Environmental Change, School of Geography and Information Engineering, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1241408730496037234, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1234093305789726721, articleId=1241408717791490283, authorId=1241408730185658701, language=CN, stringName=王永桂, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=
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1.中国地质大学(武汉)地理与信息工程学院,区域生态过程与环境演变湖北省重点实验室,湖北 武汉 430074, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1241408726926685144, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1234093305789726721, articleId=1241408717791490283, xref=1., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241408726939268057, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1234093305789726721, articleId=1241408717791490283, companyId=1241408726926685144, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=
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1.中国地质大学(武汉)地理与信息工程学院,区域生态过程与环境演变湖北省重点实验室,湖北 武汉 430074)])])], keywords=[Keyword(id=1241408730781249932, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1234093305789726721, articleId=1241408717791490283, language=EN, orderNo=1, keyword=Three Gorges Reservoir), Keyword(id=1241408730911273373, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1234093305789726721, articleId=1241408717791490283, language=EN, orderNo=2, keyword=Yangtze River Basin), Keyword(id=1241408731007742377, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1234093305789726721, articleId=1241408717791490283, language=EN, orderNo=3, keyword=water quality assessment), Keyword(id=1241408731146154432, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1234093305789726721, articleId=1241408717791490283, language=EN, orderNo=4, keyword=space-time evolution), Keyword(id=1241408731284566482, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1234093305789726721, articleId=1241408717791490283, language=EN, orderNo=5, keyword=heterogeneity), Keyword(id=1241408731502670311, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1234093305789726721, articleId=1241408717791490283, language=CN, orderNo=1, keyword=三峡水库), Keyword(id=1241408731649470973, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1234093305789726721, articleId=1241408717791490283, language=CN, orderNo=2, keyword=长江流域), Keyword(id=1241408731838214677, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1234093305789726721, articleId=1241408717791490283, language=CN, orderNo=3, keyword=水质评价), Keyword(id=1241408732073095725, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1234093305789726721, articleId=1241408717791490283, language=CN, orderNo=4, keyword=时空演变), Keyword(id=1241408732328948288, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1234093305789726721, articleId=1241408717791490283, language=CN, orderNo=5, keyword=异质性)], refs=[Reference(id=1241408737051735012, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1234093305789726721, articleId=1241408717791490283, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=31, issue=8, pageStart=1653, pageEnd=1663, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[1], rfOrder=0, authorNames=杨桂山, 徐昔保, 王维, journalName=长江流域资源与环境, refType=null, unstructuredReference=杨桂山,徐昔保,王维.长江保护与发展近30年基本态势、面临挑战与协同治理[J].
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长江流域分区及水质站点分布, figureFileSmall=34c/KRpXm9OC9aWyufCBTw==, figureFileBig=woncIfHzh74rIY84Tq1RSg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241408732966482580, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1234093305789726721, articleId=1241408717791490283, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=
Comparison of annual average concentrations of NH3-N and TP in the basins affected by the Three Gorges Project, figureFileSmall=NqQ97OKKe2omJymHALIpeQ==, figureFileBig=iY6YpLOUbyuRRzNwKixcNQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241408733176197796, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1234093305789726721, articleId=1241408717791490283, language=CN, label=图2, caption=
三峡工程所影响流域NH3-N与TP年平均浓度对比, figureFileSmall=NqQ97OKKe2omJymHALIpeQ==, figureFileBig=iY6YpLOUbyuRRzNwKixcNQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241408733276861107, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1234093305789726721, articleId=1241408717791490283, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=
Spatial distribution map of single-factor evaluations for mean values of key water quality indicators in the Yangtze River Basin from 2003 to 2024, figureFileSmall=GrJus2Vl8QEJ0lyfcMULhw==, figureFileBig=xyMNFcPnsYBUavGVd1u8bQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241408733444633283, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1234093305789726721, articleId=1241408717791490283, language=CN, label=图3, caption=
2003~2024年长江流域主要水质指标均值单因子评价空间分布, figureFileSmall=GrJus2Vl8QEJ0lyfcMULhw==, figureFileBig=xyMNFcPnsYBUavGVd1u8bQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241408733595628242, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1234093305789726721, articleId=1241408717791490283, language=EN, label=Fig.4, caption=
Distribution of main water quality index concentration boxes in the Yangtze River Basin, figureFileSmall=Gshu6sJjI4vkN/v+Bdm4nA==, figureFileBig=t64PTuDTe3yg2C2H6oy5mw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241408733771789028, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1234093305789726721, articleId=1241408717791490283, language=CN, label=图4, caption=
长江流域主要水质指标浓度箱型分布, figureFileSmall=Gshu6sJjI4vkN/v+Bdm4nA==, figureFileBig=t64PTuDTe3yg2C2H6oy5mw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241408734015058673, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1234093305789726721, articleId=1241408717791490283, language=EN, label=Fig.5, caption=
Spatial distribution of the average WQImin values in the Yangtze River Basin from 2003 to 2024, figureFileSmall=86moO2VixGkIJV8l7YP1jg==, figureFileBig=SDMazWDOucRAmGKUoEkAHw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241408734157665028, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1234093305789726721, articleId=1241408717791490283, language=CN, label=图5, caption=
长江流域2003~2024年WQImin均值空间分布, figureFileSmall=86moO2VixGkIJV8l7YP1jg==, figureFileBig=SDMazWDOucRAmGKUoEkAHw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241408734317048594, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1234093305789726721, articleId=1241408717791490283, language=EN, label=Fig.6, caption=
Changes of WQImin and main water quality index concentrations in the Yangtze River Basin from 2003 to 2024, figureFileSmall=HD7rMgPRwEVdUxlSiJ9csQ==, figureFileBig=UBpHkgWvBCz7ZSG23EYV8A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241408734472237860, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1234093305789726721, articleId=1241408717791490283, language=CN, label=图6, caption=
长江流域2003~2024年WQImin和主要水质指标浓度变化** : P<0.01
, figureFileSmall=HD7rMgPRwEVdUxlSiJ9csQ==, figureFileBig=UBpHkgWvBCz7ZSG23EYV8A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241408734619038512, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1234093305789726721, articleId=1241408717791490283, language=EN, label=Fig.7, caption=
Seasonal Kendall trend test result of the Yangtze River Basin, figureFileSmall=E5gDVhPrtDWUvSKfS+nD3Q==, figureFileBig=E9bSIc/JhbwzqnxPNc3e5A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241408734757450560, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1234093305789726721, articleId=1241408717791490283, language=CN, label=图7, caption=
长江流域季节性Kendall趋势检验结果纵坐标表示斜率,“↗”表示显著上升趋势,“↘”表示显著下降趋势,两者P<0.05
, figureFileSmall=E5gDVhPrtDWUvSKfS+nD3Q==, figureFileBig=E9bSIc/JhbwzqnxPNc3e5A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241408734979748677, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1234093305789726721, articleId=1241408717791490283, language=EN, label=Fig.8, caption=
Time variation of annual average WQImin value in each secondary basin of the Yangtze River, figureFileSmall=EJxi+QqwsmkoDbJP9L9MvA==, figureFileBig=8FnoFmyGKfLqbdZNmnaTBw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241408735139132243, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1234093305789726721, articleId=1241408717791490283, language=CN, label=图8, caption=
长江二级流域年均WQImin值时间变化, figureFileSmall=EJxi+QqwsmkoDbJP9L9MvA==, figureFileBig=8FnoFmyGKfLqbdZNmnaTBw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241408735273349986, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1234093305789726721, articleId=1241408717791490283, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=
Normalized values and weights of water quality indices
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 水质指标 | 单位 | 权重(Pi) | 归一化值(Ci) |
|---|
| 100 | 80 | 60 | 40 | 20 | 0 |
|---|
| pH值 | / | 1 | 6~9 |
| CODMn | mg/L | 3 | ≤2 | ≤4 | ≤6 | ≤10 | ≤15 | ≥15 |
| NH3-N | mg/L | 3 | ≤0.15 | ≤0.5 | ≤1 | ≤1.5 | ≤2 | ≥2 |
| TP | mg/L | 4 | ≤0.02 | ≤0.1 | ≤0.2 | ≤0.3 | ≤0.4 | ≥0.4 |
| BOD5 | mg/L | 3 | ≤3 | ≤3 | ≤4 | ≤6 | ≤10 | ≥10 |
| DO | mg/L | 4 | ≥7.5 | ≥6 | ≥5 | ≥3 | ≥2 | ≤2 |
| As | mg/L | 2 | ≤0.05 | ≤0.05 | ≤0.05 | ≤0.1 | ≤0.1 | ≥0.1 |
| Cr6+ | mg/L | 2 | ≤0.01 | ≤0.05 | ≤0.05 | ≤0.05 | ≤0.1 | ≥0.1 |
| Pb | mg/L | 3 | ≤0.01 | ≤0.01 | ≤0.05 | ≤0.05 | ≤0.1 | ≥0.1 |
| 挥发酚 | mg/L | 3 | ≤0.002 | ≤0.002 | ≤0.005 | ≤0.01 | ≤0.1 | ≥0.1 |
| Cu | mg/L | 2 | ≤0.01 | ≤1 | ≤1 | ≤1 | ≤1 | ≥1 |
| 氰化物 | mg/L | 2 | ≤0.005 | ≤0.05 | ≤0.2 | ≤0.2 | ≤0.2 | ≥0.2 |
), ArticleFig(id=1241408735441122163, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1234093305789726721, articleId=1241408717791490283, language=CN, label=表1, caption=
水质指标的归一化值和权重
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 水质指标 | 单位 | 权重(Pi) | 归一化值(Ci) |
|---|
| 100 | 80 | 60 | 40 | 20 | 0 |
|---|
| pH值 | / | 1 | 6~9 |
| CODMn | mg/L | 3 | ≤2 | ≤4 | ≤6 | ≤10 | ≤15 | ≥15 |
| NH3-N | mg/L | 3 | ≤0.15 | ≤0.5 | ≤1 | ≤1.5 | ≤2 | ≥2 |
| TP | mg/L | 4 | ≤0.02 | ≤0.1 | ≤0.2 | ≤0.3 | ≤0.4 | ≥0.4 |
| BOD5 | mg/L | 3 | ≤3 | ≤3 | ≤4 | ≤6 | ≤10 | ≥10 |
| DO | mg/L | 4 | ≥7.5 | ≥6 | ≥5 | ≥3 | ≥2 | ≤2 |
| As | mg/L | 2 | ≤0.05 | ≤0.05 | ≤0.05 | ≤0.1 | ≤0.1 | ≥0.1 |
| Cr6+ | mg/L | 2 | ≤0.01 | ≤0.05 | ≤0.05 | ≤0.05 | ≤0.1 | ≥0.1 |
| Pb | mg/L | 3 | ≤0.01 | ≤0.01 | ≤0.05 | ≤0.05 | ≤0.1 | ≥0.1 |
| 挥发酚 | mg/L | 3 | ≤0.002 | ≤0.002 | ≤0.005 | ≤0.01 | ≤0.1 | ≥0.1 |
| Cu | mg/L | 2 | ≤0.01 | ≤1 | ≤1 | ≤1 | ≤1 | ≥1 |
| 氰化物 | mg/L | 2 | ≤0.005 | ≤0.05 | ≤0.2 | ≤0.2 | ≤0.2 | ≥0.2 |
), ArticleFig(id=1241408735671808896, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1234093305789726721, articleId=1241408717791490283, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=
Multiple linear stepwise regression analysis of WQI and water quality index
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 模型 | 线性方程 | R2 | F | P |
|---|
| 1 | 2.100***-0.217***lg(CODMn+1) | 0.51 | 287.9 | <0.001 |
| 2 | 2.081***-0.213***lg(CODMn+1)-0.153***lg(NH3-N+1) | 0.73 | 376.3 | <0.001 |
| 3 | 2.132***-0.151***lg(CODMn+1)-0.178***lg(NH3-N+1)-0.073***lg(Pb+1) | 0.80 | 360.3 | <0.001 |
| 4 | 2.046***-0.122***lg(CODMn+1)-0.189***lg(NH3-N+1)-0.074***lg(Pb+1)+0.076***lg(DO+1) | 0.81 | 299.0 | <0.001 |
| 5 | 2.029***-0.094***lg(CODMn+1)-0.191***lg(NH3-N+1)-0.071***lg(Pb+1)+0.090***lg(DO+1)-0.306***lg(TP+1) | 0.83 | 267.2 | <0.001 |
| 6 | 2.037***-0.073***lg(CODMn+1)-0.135***lg(NH3-N+1)-0.077***lg(Pb+1)+0.098***lg(DO+1)-0.342***lg(TP+1)-0.063***lg(BOD5+1) | 0.85 | 242.4 | <0.001 |
), ArticleFig(id=1241408735957021584, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1234093305789726721, articleId=1241408717791490283, language=CN, label=表2, caption=
WQI与水质指标的多元线性逐步回归分析
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 模型 | 线性方程 | R2 | F | P |
|---|
| 1 | 2.100***-0.217***lg(CODMn+1) | 0.51 | 287.9 | <0.001 |
| 2 | 2.081***-0.213***lg(CODMn+1)-0.153***lg(NH3-N+1) | 0.73 | 376.3 | <0.001 |
| 3 | 2.132***-0.151***lg(CODMn+1)-0.178***lg(NH3-N+1)-0.073***lg(Pb+1) | 0.80 | 360.3 | <0.001 |
| 4 | 2.046***-0.122***lg(CODMn+1)-0.189***lg(NH3-N+1)-0.074***lg(Pb+1)+0.076***lg(DO+1) | 0.81 | 299.0 | <0.001 |
| 5 | 2.029***-0.094***lg(CODMn+1)-0.191***lg(NH3-N+1)-0.071***lg(Pb+1)+0.090***lg(DO+1)-0.306***lg(TP+1) | 0.83 | 267.2 | <0.001 |
| 6 | 2.037***-0.073***lg(CODMn+1)-0.135***lg(NH3-N+1)-0.077***lg(Pb+1)+0.098***lg(DO+1)-0.342***lg(TP+1)-0.063***lg(BOD5+1) | 0.85 | 242.4 | <0.001 |
), ArticleFig(id=1241408736078656412, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1234093305789726721, articleId=1241408717791490283, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=
Comparison of the average WQImin values in the Yangtze River Basin from 2003 to 2024
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 流域 | 水系 | WQImin | WQI-CODMn | WQI-NH3-N | WQI-TP | WQI-DOWQI-Pb |
|---|
| 2003~2024年均值 | 距平 |
|---|
| 上游流域 | 金沙江 | 92.0 | 11.3 | 95.6 | 96.8 | 87.1 | 96.1 84.5 |
| 岷沱江 | 69.1 | -11.6 | 81.3 | 55.5 | 51.5 | 89.0 68.4 |
| 嘉陵江 | 85.8 | 5.1 | 82.4 | 89.4 | 79.2 | 94.9 82.9 |
| 乌江 | 48.7 | -32 | 56.4 | 12.9 | 23.0 | 57.7 93.5 |
| 宜宾至宜昌干流 | 86.9 | 6.2 | 91.9 | 98.3 | 69.9 | 94.3 80.0 |
| 中游流域 | 洞庭湖水系 | 88.8 | 8.1 | 95.8 | 83.6 | 79.2 | 93.3 92.3 |
| 汉江 | 90.0 | 9.3 | 89.5 | 96.4 | 79.9 | 97.1 86.9 |
| 鄱阳湖水系 | 85.6 | 4.9 | 82.6 | 81.6 | 74.9 | 91.0 98.1 |
| 宜昌至湖口干流 | 86.0 | 5.3 | 85.4 | 91.9 | 68.0 | 94.9 89.7 |
| 下游流域 | 湖口以下干流 | 83.1 | 2.4 | 86.2 | 84.5 | 68.5 | 92.5 83.9 |
| 太湖水系 | 70.6 | -10.1 | 61.6 | 57.3 | 58.9 | 75.9 99.5 |
| 长江全流域 | 80.7 | / | 82.8 | 77.3 | 67.4 | 89.0 87.1 |
), ArticleFig(id=1241408736233845675, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1234093305789726721, articleId=1241408717791490283, language=CN, label=表3, caption=
长江流域WQImin2003~2024年均值对比
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 流域 | 水系 | WQImin | WQI-CODMn | WQI-NH3-N | WQI-TP | WQI-DOWQI-Pb |
|---|
| 2003~2024年均值 | 距平 |
|---|
| 上游流域 | 金沙江 | 92.0 | 11.3 | 95.6 | 96.8 | 87.1 | 96.1 84.5 |
| 岷沱江 | 69.1 | -11.6 | 81.3 | 55.5 | 51.5 | 89.0 68.4 |
| 嘉陵江 | 85.8 | 5.1 | 82.4 | 89.4 | 79.2 | 94.9 82.9 |
| 乌江 | 48.7 | -32 | 56.4 | 12.9 | 23.0 | 57.7 93.5 |
| 宜宾至宜昌干流 | 86.9 | 6.2 | 91.9 | 98.3 | 69.9 | 94.3 80.0 |
| 中游流域 | 洞庭湖水系 | 88.8 | 8.1 | 95.8 | 83.6 | 79.2 | 93.3 92.3 |
| 汉江 | 90.0 | 9.3 | 89.5 | 96.4 | 79.9 | 97.1 86.9 |
| 鄱阳湖水系 | 85.6 | 4.9 | 82.6 | 81.6 | 74.9 | 91.0 98.1 |
| 宜昌至湖口干流 | 86.0 | 5.3 | 85.4 | 91.9 | 68.0 | 94.9 89.7 |
| 下游流域 | 湖口以下干流 | 83.1 | 2.4 | 86.2 | 84.5 | 68.5 | 92.5 83.9 |
| 太湖水系 | 70.6 | -10.1 | 61.6 | 57.3 | 58.9 | 75.9 99.5 |
| 长江全流域 | 80.7 | / | 82.8 | 77.3 | 67.4 | 89.0 87.1 |
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