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The effects of the formation of iron minerals at the interface of birnessite(MnO2)on the environmental behavior of antimony(Sb)were systematically studied in this paper. Many nanoparticles and abundant pore structure was found on the obtained Fe-Mn binary oxide(Fe-MnO2). HRTEM and XRD analysis indicated that the nanoparticles anchored on MnO2 was ferrihydrite. The iron minerals formed on MnO2 enhanced adsorption performance for Sb(III)and Sb(V). The adsorption capacities of Sb(III)and Sb(V)by Fe-MnO2 were 397.4 and 247.7mg/g, respectively, which was much higher than that of MnO2 for Sb(III)and Sb(V)immobilization(342.0 and 71.8mg/g). The chemical bond complexation was the dominant mechanism for Sb(III)and Sb(V)immobilization. The electrostatic adsorption played an important role in Sb(V)immobilization. The ferrihydrite made a significant contribution for reducing the mobility of Sb. MnO2 played the critical role in the transformation of Sb(III)to Sb(V). This study not only reveals the formation mechanism of Fe-Mn binary oxide, but also helps to further understand the migration and transformation behavior of Sb in the environment.

, correspAuthors=Mei-qing CHEN, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Wan-xia LI, Mei-qing CHEN, Yi-an LIU, Ping-xiao WU), CN=ArticleExt(id=1241116656114659969, articleId=1241116651513508157, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1234093305789726721, language=CN, title=水钠锰矿界面铁矿物形成对Sb迁移转化的影响, columnId=1234106386565624579, journalTitle=中国环境科学, columnName=水污染与控制, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

本文系统地研究了水钠锰矿(MnO2)界面铁矿物的形成对锑(Sb)环境行为的影响.在得到的Fe-Mn二元氧化物(Fe-MnO2)上发现了许多颗粒物和丰富的孔结构. HRTEM和XRD分析表明,锚定在MnO2上的颗粒物为水铁矿.在MnO2中形成的铁矿物增强了对Sb(III)和Sb(V)的吸附性能. Fe-MnO2对Sb(III)和Sb(V)的吸附量分别为397.4,247.7mg/g,远高于MnO2对Sb(III)和Sb(V)的固定化吸附量(342.0,71.8mg/g).化学键络合是Sb(III)和Sb(V)固定化的主要机制.静电吸附在Sb(V)的固定化中起着重要作用.水铁矿显著降低了Sb的迁移率. MnO2在Sb(III)向Sb(V)的转化中发挥了关键的氧化作用.本研究不仅揭示了Fe-Mn二元氧化物的形成机制,而且有助于进一步认识Sb在环境中的迁移和转化行为.

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* 责任作者,副教授,
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李婉霞(2001-),女,广东阳江人,广东工业大学硕士研究生,主要从事矿物界面反应与环境修复功能材料研究.发表论文1篇..

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李婉霞(2001-),女,广东阳江人,广东工业大学硕士研究生,主要从事矿物界面反应与环境修复功能材料研究.发表论文1篇..

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李婉霞(2001-),女,广东阳江人,广东工业大学硕士研究生,主要从事矿物界面反应与环境修复功能材料研究.发表论文1篇..

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ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering20175(3):2255-2264., articleTitle=Antimony removal from aqueous solution using novel α-MnO2 nanofibers: Equilibrium,kinetic,and density functional theory studies, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1241116667313451440, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1234093305789726721, articleId=1241116651513508157, awardId=42207254, language=CN, fundingSource=国家自然科学基金资助项目(42207254), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1241116656437621425, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1234093305789726721, articleId=1241116651513508157, xref=1., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241116656446010035, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1234093305789726721, articleId=1241116651513508157, companyId=1241116656437621425, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China), 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language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.华南理工大学环境与能源学院,广东 广州 510006)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1241116660925526092, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1234093305789726721, articleId=1241116651513508157, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=SEM images of samples and SEM images、the corresponding EDS mapping、the corresponding EDS spectrum、TEM and HRTEM image of Fe-MnO2, figureFileSmall=5W581jeJToeB2FRTO1xBJg==, figureFileBig=oXfXgsDvXmJIFdTCR6Yalw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241116661021995100, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1234093305789726721, articleId=1241116651513508157, language=CN, label=图1, caption=样品的SEM图像和Fe-MnO2的SEM图像、面扫描元素分布图、EDS谱图、TEM与HRTEM图像, figureFileSmall=5W581jeJToeB2FRTO1xBJg==, figureFileBig=oXfXgsDvXmJIFdTCR6Yalw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241116661298819188, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1234093305789726721, articleId=1241116651513508157, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=XRD patterns and Raman spectra of MnO2 and Fe-MnO2, figureFileSmall=9cEeXqKNMm3J91nASYKvQQ==, figureFileBig=YEM8zQFLynEDNtKdArf70A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241116662775214206, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1234093305789726721, articleId=1241116651513508157, language=CN, label=图2, caption=MnO2和Fe-MnO2的XRD图谱和拉曼光谱, figureFileSmall=9cEeXqKNMm3J91nASYKvQQ==, figureFileBig=YEM8zQFLynEDNtKdArf70A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241116662892654733, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1234093305789726721, articleId=1241116651513508157, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=N2 adsorption-desorption isotherms and(inset)pore size distribution and of MnO2(a)and Fe-MnO2(b), figureFileSmall=25fon34V1IsDip0VhtE2NQ==, figureFileBig=n3STGUDx2359eJJJxdVm7g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241116662980735126, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1234093305789726721, articleId=1241116651513508157, language=CN, label=图3, caption=MnO2和Fe-MnO2N2吸附-脱附等温线和的孔径分布(插图), figureFileSmall=25fon34V1IsDip0VhtE2NQ==, figureFileBig=n3STGUDx2359eJJJxdVm7g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241116663110758569, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1234093305789726721, articleId=1241116651513508157, language=EN, label=Fig.4, caption=Immobilization efficiency of Sb(III)and Sb(V)for Fe-MnO2 with different Fe/Mn molar ratios, figureFileSmall=uBvKSN3hbk3FptNVO4TUZA==, figureFileBig=+FpqSrqXWhrSIELdWzb8rQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241116663219810488, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1234093305789726721, articleId=1241116651513508157, language=CN, label=图4, caption=不同Fe/Mn摩尔比的Fe-MnO2对Sb(III)和Sb(V)的固定性能, figureFileSmall=uBvKSN3hbk3FptNVO4TUZA==, figureFileBig=+FpqSrqXWhrSIELdWzb8rQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241116663379194051, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1234093305789726721, articleId=1241116651513508157, language=EN, label=Fig.5, caption=Effect of reaction time for Sb(III)and Sb(V)adsorption on MnO2 and Fe-MnO2, figureFileSmall=GD0Crxyzf7JMcrFKsBm4JA==, figureFileBig=6buRiTNLYb8DgmJi19aYBg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241116663567937749, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1234093305789726721, articleId=1241116651513508157, language=CN, label=图5, caption=反应时间对MnO2和Fe-MnO2吸附Sb(III)和Sb(V)的影响, figureFileSmall=GD0Crxyzf7JMcrFKsBm4JA==, figureFileBig=6buRiTNLYb8DgmJi19aYBg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241116663689572579, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1234093305789726721, articleId=1241116651513508157, language=EN, label=Fig.6, caption=Effect of initial concentration for Sb(III)and Sb(V)adsorption by MnO2 and Fe-MnO2, figureFileSmall=9B/xR8is6Qm95IPn56WB1w==, figureFileBig=GC9YxFmZ6F9H+vW3r3RAFQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241116663827984624, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1234093305789726721, articleId=1241116651513508157, language=CN, label=图6, caption=初始浓度对MnO2和Fe-MnO2吸附固定Sb(III)和Sb(V)的影响, 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samples as a function of pH and Reusability of the Fe-MnO2 for Sb(III)and Sb(V)immobilization, figureFileSmall=O7TXwePsi1ZOmky7A4nmiQ==, figureFileBig=XjIdrAV3buB5s2LQSIw9Hw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241116664394215713, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1234093305789726721, articleId=1241116651513508157, language=CN, label=图8, caption=样品Zeta电位随pH值的变化和Fe-MnO2的可重复利用性, figureFileSmall=O7TXwePsi1ZOmky7A4nmiQ==, figureFileBig=XjIdrAV3buB5s2LQSIw9Hw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241116664520044842, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1234093305789726721, articleId=1241116651513508157, language=EN, label=Fig.9, caption=ATR-FTIR of the MnO2 and Fe-MnO2before and after reaction with Sb(III)and Sb(V), figureFileSmall=t74bVecD6+tcIoCDPnXGAw==, figureFileBig=OtjHhtUWdP5OdBNukoIieg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241116664679428407, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1234093305789726721, articleId=1241116651513508157, language=CN, label=图9, caption=MnO2和Fe-MnO2与Sb(III)和Sb(V)反应前后的ATR-FTIR, figureFileSmall=t74bVecD6+tcIoCDPnXGAw==, figureFileBig=OtjHhtUWdP5OdBNukoIieg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241116664843006277, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1234093305789726721, articleId=1241116651513508157, language=EN, label=Fig.10, caption=XPS spectrums of the MnO2 and Fe-MnO2 before and after reaction with Sb(III)and Sb(V), figureFileSmall=TybNDT2g4L2QP0zlez4+jw==, figureFileBig=5DRyisycRNxgzk4Ho9OxSA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241116665048527195, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1234093305789726721, articleId=1241116651513508157, language=CN, label=图10, caption=MnO2和Fe-MnO2与Sb(III)和Sb(V)反应前后的XPS谱图, figureFileSmall=TybNDT2g4L2QP0zlez4+jw==, figureFileBig=5DRyisycRNxgzk4Ho9OxSA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241116665178550634, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1234093305789726721, articleId=1241116651513508157, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Pore structural features of MnO2 and Fe-MnO2

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
样品比表面积(m2/g)平均孔径(Å)孔体积(cm3/g)
MnO2159.810.70.43
Fe-MnO2669.63.50.59
), ArticleFig(id=1241116665275019634, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1234093305789726721, articleId=1241116651513508157, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

MnO2和Fe-MnO2的孔隙结构特征

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
样品比表面积(m2/g)平均孔径(Å)孔体积(cm3/g)
MnO2159.810.70.43
Fe-MnO2669.63.50.59
), ArticleFig(id=1241116665417625982, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1234093305789726721, articleId=1241116651513508157, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

The kinetic model parameters for Sb(III)and Sb(V)adsorption on MnO2 and Fe-MnO2

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
样品污染物准一级动力学模型准二级动力学模型
qe(mg/g)k1(min-1)R2qe(mg/g)k2[g/(mg·min)]R2
MnO2Sb(III)------
Sb(V)14.00.190.88614.90.0860.628
Fe-MnO2Sb(III)86.80.330.74680.10.0040.948
Sb(V)52.10.810.88857 00.01350.985
), ArticleFig(id=1241116665560232336, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1234093305789726721, articleId=1241116651513508157, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

Sb(III)和Sb(V)在MnO2和Fe-MnO2上吸附的动力学模型参数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
样品污染物准一级动力学模型准二级动力学模型
qe(mg/g)k1(min-1)R2qe(mg/g)k2[g/(mg·min)]R2
MnO2Sb(III)------
Sb(V)14.00.190.88614.90.0860.628
Fe-MnO2Sb(III)86.80.330.74680.10.0040.948
Sb(V)52.10.810.88857 00.01350.985
), ArticleFig(id=1241116665669284252, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1234093305789726721, articleId=1241116651513508157, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

The adsorption isotherms model parameters for Sb(III)and Sb(V)adsorption on MnO2 and Fe-MnO2

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
样品污染物Langmuir模型Freundlich模型
qe(mg/g)KL(L/mg)R2KF(mg/g)nR2
MnO2Sb(III)342.00.1580.990305.622.320.994
Sb(V)71.80.0060.91085.420.780.994
Fe-MnO2Sb(III)397.40.0120.997351.110.490.999
Sb(V)247.70.0070.775185.717.890.997
), ArticleFig(id=1241116665740587428, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1234093305789726721, articleId=1241116651513508157, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

Sb(III)和Sb(V)在MnO2和Fe-MnO2上的吸附等温线模型参数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
样品污染物Langmuir模型Freundlich模型
qe(mg/g)KL(L/mg)R2KF(mg/g)nR2
MnO2Sb(III)342.00.1580.990305.622.320.994
Sb(V)71.80.0060.91085.420.780.994
Fe-MnO2Sb(III)397.40.0120.997351.110.490.999
Sb(V)247.70.0070.775185.717.890.997
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水钠锰矿界面铁矿物形成对Sb迁移转化的影响
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李婉霞 1 , 陈梅青 1, * , 刘奕安 1 , 吴平霄 2
中国环境科学 | 水污染与控制 2025,45(3): 1341-1350
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中国环境科学 | 水污染与控制 2025, 45(3): 1341-1350
水钠锰矿界面铁矿物形成对Sb迁移转化的影响
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李婉霞1 , 陈梅青1, * , 刘奕安1, 吴平霄2
作者信息
  • 1.广东工业大学环境科学与工程学院,广东 广州 510006
  • 2.华南理工大学环境与能源学院,广东 广州 510006
  • 李婉霞(2001-),女,广东阳江人,广东工业大学硕士研究生,主要从事矿物界面反应与环境修复功能材料研究.发表论文1篇..

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* 责任作者,副教授,
The influence of the formation of iron minerals at the interface of birnessite on the migration and transformation of Sb
Wan-xia LI1 , Mei-qing CHEN1, * , Yi-an LIU1, Ping-xiao WU2
Affiliations
  • 1.School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
  • 2.School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
出版时间: 2025-03-20
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本文系统地研究了水钠锰矿(MnO2)界面铁矿物的形成对锑(Sb)环境行为的影响.在得到的Fe-Mn二元氧化物(Fe-MnO2)上发现了许多颗粒物和丰富的孔结构. HRTEM和XRD分析表明,锚定在MnO2上的颗粒物为水铁矿.在MnO2中形成的铁矿物增强了对Sb(III)和Sb(V)的吸附性能. Fe-MnO2对Sb(III)和Sb(V)的吸附量分别为397.4,247.7mg/g,远高于MnO2对Sb(III)和Sb(V)的固定化吸附量(342.0,71.8mg/g).化学键络合是Sb(III)和Sb(V)固定化的主要机制.静电吸附在Sb(V)的固定化中起着重要作用.水铁矿显著降低了Sb的迁移率. MnO2在Sb(III)向Sb(V)的转化中发挥了关键的氧化作用.本研究不仅揭示了Fe-Mn二元氧化物的形成机制,而且有助于进一步认识Sb在环境中的迁移和转化行为.

水钠锰矿  /  铁矿物形成  /  锑  /  迁移  /  转化

The effects of the formation of iron minerals at the interface of birnessite(MnO2)on the environmental behavior of antimony(Sb)were systematically studied in this paper. Many nanoparticles and abundant pore structure was found on the obtained Fe-Mn binary oxide(Fe-MnO2). HRTEM and XRD analysis indicated that the nanoparticles anchored on MnO2 was ferrihydrite. The iron minerals formed on MnO2 enhanced adsorption performance for Sb(III)and Sb(V). The adsorption capacities of Sb(III)and Sb(V)by Fe-MnO2 were 397.4 and 247.7mg/g, respectively, which was much higher than that of MnO2 for Sb(III)and Sb(V)immobilization(342.0 and 71.8mg/g). The chemical bond complexation was the dominant mechanism for Sb(III)and Sb(V)immobilization. The electrostatic adsorption played an important role in Sb(V)immobilization. The ferrihydrite made a significant contribution for reducing the mobility of Sb. MnO2 played the critical role in the transformation of Sb(III)to Sb(V). This study not only reveals the formation mechanism of Fe-Mn binary oxide, but also helps to further understand the migration and transformation behavior of Sb in the environment.

birnessite  /  iron minerals formation  /  antimony  /  migration  /  transformation
李婉霞, 陈梅青, 刘奕安, 吴平霄. 水钠锰矿界面铁矿物形成对Sb迁移转化的影响. 中国环境科学, 2025 , 45 (3) : 1341 -1350 .
Wan-xia LI, Mei-qing CHEN, Yi-an LIU, Ping-xiao WU. The influence of the formation of iron minerals at the interface of birnessite on the migration and transformation of Sb[J]. China Environmental Science, 2025 , 45 (3) : 1341 -1350 .
锰矿物广泛存在于自然环境中,而且具有较强的氧化和吸附能力,在Sb的迁移和转化过程中发挥着重要作用[1-2].有研究发现γ-MnOOH和β-MnO2分别通过内球络合和外球络合作用与Sb(V)结合[3].水钠锰矿作为环境中最常见的锰矿物之一,具有电荷零点低和表面活性高的特点,能将Sb(III)进一步氧化为Sb(V)[4-6].由于电子从Sb(III)到水钠锰矿的快速转移,大多数吸附的Sb(III)被氧化成Sb(V)并通过取代-OH基团而固定在水钠锰矿的边缘位点[7].王玉军等研究发现水钠锰矿的边缘位点对锑的氧化和吸附发挥关键作用,具有较多边缘位点的水钠锰矿对锑具有更强的氧化和吸附能力[8].石振清等通过模型揭示了Sb在水钠锰矿表面的吸附/解吸-氧化还原耦合动力学行为[9].水钠锰矿的结构特征对其与Sb的相互作用密切相关[10-11].
在自然土壤环境中,Mn与Fe元素往往共存,使得铁锰矿物的共生现象普遍存在,如南方红壤中的铁锰矿物膜和海洋中的铁锰结核[12-14].锰矿物界面铁矿物的形成不仅影响铁的循环,同时也是Fe-Mn二元氧化物的主要形成途径之一[15-16].铁矿物的形成过程会改变锰矿物的结构性质,如比表面积、表面选择性、反应活性位点和氧化还原性等.矿物结构的变化必将进一步影响锰矿物的环境性质及其与Sb的界面相互作用[17-18].
此外,基于铁矿物和锰氧化物的高反应活性,由其构成的铁锰复合物对Sb及其同族元素As具有优异的吸附固定能力,不仅显著影响地表环境中Sb/As的迁移,而且合成的铁锰复合材料被广泛应用于Sb/As污染修复[19-20].形成的Fe-Mn氧化物可能通过吸附和氧化还原反应的协同效应增强对Sb的亲和力[21-22].Fe-Mn二元氧化物表面-OH通过与Sb形成内球络合物(Sb-O-Fe或Sb-O-Mn)来吸附Sb(V)[23].Fe-Mn二元氧化物对As(V)的吸附能力比纯的锰氧化物强,表明氧化铁增强了Fe-Mn二元氧化物的吸附能力[24].锰氧化物在As(III)的氧化过程起主导作用,而铁氧化物通过吸附作用提高As(III)的去除效果[25].另有文献报道,FeMn-LDHs也能高效固定Sb(V)[26].Lu等发现铁掺杂酸性水钠锰矿通过矿物中金属间的电子转移和矿物固相表面的催化氧化作用能在48h内将96%的Sb(III)氧化为Sb(V)[27].由此推测,铁矿物的形成过程可能会对水钠锰矿与Sb的界面相互作用有重要影响.
因此,本文系统地研究了水钠锰矿(MnO2)界面铁矿物的形成对MnO2矿物性质和Sb迁移转化的影响.阐明水钠锰矿(MnO2)界面铁矿物的形成后锰矿物结构性质的变化,揭示水钠锰矿(MnO2)界面铁矿物的形成对Sb迁移转化的影响机制.研究结果不仅有助于揭示土壤中铁锰氧化物的环境属性,也有利于进一步认识土壤中Sb的环境化学行为及迁移风险.
所有试剂如MnCl2、KMnO4、FeCl3、NH3·H2O、HNO3、NaOH、C8H4K2O12Sb2和KSb(OH)6均购自广州化学试剂厂(中国广州)且均为分析纯.分别用C8H4K2O12Sb2和KSb(OH)6配制1.0g/L的Sb(III)和Sb(V)贮备液.
先将150mL 0.3mol/L的KMnO4溶液以1mL/min的速度滴加到150mL 0.2mol/L的MnCl2溶液中,搅拌2h,所得悬浮物为MnO2.然后,向所得悬浮液中加入500mL 0.6mol/L FeCl3溶液并搅拌2h.接着,使用NH3·H2O调节悬浮液pH值至7.0~8.0,然后在室温下老化12h后离心进行固液分离.最后,用去离子水洗涤所得固体材料至中性,在60℃下干燥24h,研磨过200目筛后标记为Fe-MnO2,并保存在干燥器内备用.以上是Fe/Mn为4.0的材料制备方法,作为对比,按照类似的方法制备Fe/Mn为0、2.0、6.0和8.0的Fe-MnO2.
通过静态吸附实验,研究样品与Sb(III)和Sb(V)的界面反应特性和固定机理.具体实验步骤如下:将5.0mg的样品加入含有25mL Sb(III)或Sb(V)溶液的50mL离心管中,在((30±1)℃)水浴摇床中振荡直到反应平衡.在温度30℃、pH=5.0、Sb(III)或Sb(V)初始浓度为20mg/L的条件下,分别于1,2.5,5,8,10,20,30,60,120,240,480min采集悬浮液并过滤获得过滤液水样,明确吸附平衡时间和反应动力学过程.在pH=5.0和30℃下进行吸附等温线研究,Sb(III)和Sb(V)的初始浓度分别为25~450mg/L和50~500mg/L.研究pH值在2.0~10.0对样品与Sb(III)和Sb(V)之间界面反应的影响.通过ICP-MS(PerkinElmer NeXion 300X,PerkinElmer、USA)和ICP-OES(Optima 8000,PerkinElmer、USA)分析所取水样中Sb、Fe和Mn的浓度.所有实验平行重复3次,实验结果以平均数据±标准误差表示.
采用场发射扫描电子显微镜(SEM,Carl Zeiss,德国)结合能量色散X射线光谱(EDS)和透射电子显微镜(TEM,JEM-3010,JEOL Ltd.,日本)对样品的形貌特征、元素分布和含量、晶面间距进行表征.样品的X射线衍射谱图(XRD)在Bruker D8Advance衍射仪上分析获取(2θ=10~80°,λ=1.5406Å).样品的拉曼光谱在Renishaw显微拉曼光谱仪(Renishaw in Via Reflex)上于532nm的激发波长下获得.样品的BET分析采用化学吸附表面积分析仪(ASAP 2010,Micromeritics,美国).在不同pH值(2.0、4.0、6.0、8.0和10.0)下,利用电位分析仪(Zetasizer 2000,Malvern,英国)分析材料表面电位情况.在ATR-FTIR光谱仪(6700Nicolet,美国)上测定样品的衰减全反射闪烁变换红外光谱(ATR-FTIR).在X射线光电子能谱仪(XPS,AES 430S,ANELVA,日本)上获取样品的XPS能谱.
图1(a)所示,水钠锰矿(MnO2)为由小薄片组成的花状球形结构.MnO2与Fe(III)反应后,MnO2薄片表面被富Fe物质包裹,所得的Fe-MnO2上也形成了丰富的孔结构(图1(b)).SEM-EDS元素扫描结果表明Fe、Mn和O均匀地分布在Fe-MnO2上(图1(c)).如图1(d-f)所示,Fe(紫色区域)、Mn(红色区域)和O(蓝色区域)元素分布具有很好的相关性,Fe/Mn的摩尔比约为4:1(图1(g)).如图1(h)所示,Fe-MnO2的TEM图像显示大量颗粒分布在薄片上,且具有明显的孔结构,这与SEM的发现相一致.Fe-MnO2的HRTEM图像出现有0.255nm的晶面间距,这对应于水钠锰矿的(301)晶面(图1(i).另外,发现有两处区域的晶面间距分别为0.198nm和0.252nm,对应于水铁矿的(113)和(110)晶面,表明Fe(III)与MnO2的界面反应导致在MnO2表面上形成了水铁矿.
图2(a)所示,所制备MnO2的XRD图谱在2θ=36.8°、41.9°、56.4°XRD标准卡片所记录的特征衍射峰(PDF#23-1046)相一致.与Fe(III)反应后,MnO2在2θ=36.8°和56.2°处的特征峰向小角度移动,表明MnO2的晶胞参数增加,晶面间距增大,这可能是由于Fe(III)的掺杂或MnO2的晶格畸变所导致的[28-30].另外,在2θ=45.8°和62.3°处出现了水铁矿的特征峰,其中在2θ=62.3°的衍射峰与水铁矿的XRD标准卡片(PDF#46-1315)所记录的(113)面特征峰相一致,这与HRTEM的发现相符合,进一步验证表明Fe(III)与MnO2界面反应过程形成的铁氧化物是水铁矿.利用拉曼光谱进一步分析了铁氧化物晶体生长对MnO2结构特性的影响.如图2(b)所示,光谱中488和643cm-1处的强吸收带归属于O-Mn-O的伸缩振动[31-32].在铁氧化物晶体生长之后,MnO2的两个特征峰峰强减弱,表明所得样品的结晶度变差,这与XRD中的特征峰前移及扁平化结果相吻合[33].此外,根据文献报道,在223和283cm-1处的低波谱段观察到两个新峰为水铁矿特征吸收带[34-36].上述结果进一步证实了MnO2与Fe(III)反应过程形成的表面颗粒物为水铁矿.
图3所示,根据IUPAC的分类,MnO2和Fe-MnO2的N2吸附-解吸等温线都属于IV型,具有H3型滞后环[37].对于MnO2,滞后回线在相对压力(P/P0)为0.46时开始,表明结构中存在微孔[38].MnO2的相应孔径分布小于1.0nm,平均孔径为10.7nm(图3(a)插图和表1).Fe-MnO2的N2吸附-解吸等温线都属于IV型曲线,随着P/P0(0.05~0.98)的增加,正斜率逐渐增加,表明在样品中微孔和中孔之间存在良好的传输特性[39-40].孔径主要集中在0.7nm和4.5nm,平均孔径为3.5nm(图3(b)插图和表1).根据Brunauer-Emmett-Teller法计算,MnO2和Fe-MnO2的BET表面积分别为159.8和669.6m2/g(表1).结果表明,Fe(III)在MnO2上的结晶形成铁氧化物的过程使得Fe-MnO2具有更发达的孔道结构,这与SEM和TEM的分析结果一致.
Fe/Mn摩尔比是影响铁矿物在MnO2上晶体生长的关键因素,进而影响Sb(III)和Sb(V)环境行为.如图4所示,随着Fe/Mn物质的量比从0增加到4.0,Fe-MnO2对Sb(III)和Sb(V)的固定能力逐渐增强.一般来说,Fe/Mn摩尔比越大,水钠锰矿上形成的氧化铁(主要是水铁矿)更多,进而为Sb(III)和Sb(V)提供更多的吸附位点[41-43].但是,当Fe/Mn物质的量比从4.0进一步增加到8.0,样品对Sb(III)的吸附性能略有下降,而对Sb(V)的吸附效率进一步增加.为了探究MnO2界面铁矿物的形成对Sb(III)和Sb(V)迁移转化的影响机理,使用Fe/Mn物质的量比为4.0的Fe-MnO2进行系统研究.
通过吸附动力学实验研究了MnO2和Fe-MnO2对Sb(III)和Sb(V)的动力学反应过程.如图5(a)所示,MnO2对Sb(III)的固定在前30min表属于快速反应阶段,表明MnO2具有许多固定Sb(III)的活性位点.然而,吸附量在30~120min内出现下降直到反应平衡,平衡吸附容量为70.8mg/g,这表明MnO2对Sb(III)的亲和力较弱.Fe-MnO2对Sb(III)的吸附量随着反应的进行逐渐增加,在120min内达到平衡.通过拟合发现Fe-MnO2对Sb(III)的吸附过程更符合准二级动力学模型(表2),表明在Fe-MnO2固定Sb(III)的过程中存在物理和化学反应[44].如图5(b)所示,MnO2和Fe-MnO2对Sb(V)的吸附过程相似,平衡时间均为120min.但Fe-MnO2对Sb(V)的吸附量(52.1mg/g)是MnO2(14.0mg/g)的3.8倍(表2),且Fe-MnO2对Sb(V)的吸附过程符合准二级动力学模型,表明固定机理主要是化学吸附[11].由此可见,MnO2界面铁矿物的形成增强了其对Sb(III)和Sb(V)的吸附能力,这一过程必然会影响Sb在环境中的迁移转化行为.
研究了MnO2和Fe-MnO2对Sb(III)和Sb(V)的吸附等温线,评价MnO2界面铁矿物形成对Sb(III)和Sb(V)迁移率的影响.如图6所示,在低浓度区,MnO2和量增加得更快.这说明Fe-MnO2与Sb(III)/Sb(V)之间存在一种很强的作用力,即MnO2处形成的铁矿物对Fe-MnO2对Sb(III)和Sb(V)的吸附容量随着初始浓度(平衡浓度)的增加而增加,而Fe-MnO2的吸附容Sb(III)和Sb(V)在环境中的迁移有很大的抑制作用.利用Langmuir和Freundlich等温线分析等温平衡数据,相应的等温参数示于表3中.Sb(III)/Sb(V)在两个样品上的固定符合Freundlich模型,这表明非均相化学吸附是Sb(III)/Sb(V)与样品之间的主要相互作用机制[45-46].Fe-MnO2对Sb(III)和Sb(V)的最大吸附容量分别为397.4和247.7mg/g.远高于纯MnO2对Sb(III)和Sb(V)吸附量(342.0和71.8mg/g).结果表明,在MnO2上形成的铁矿物通过化学吸附作用强化了MnO2对Sb(III)和Sb(V)迁移的抑制作用.强化的主要原因是铁氧化物颗粒的形成和比表面积的增加,为Fe-MnO2提供了更多的反应位点.
pH值对矿物表面电荷和重金属的存在形态有显著影响.探讨pH值对吸附容量的影响有助于阐明矿物样品与Sb之间的相互作用.如图7(a)所示,当pH值小于8.0时,MnO2对Sb(III)的吸附性能随着pH值的增加而增加,而Fe-MnO2对Sb(III)的吸附能力随pH值的增加呈下降趋势,这可能与MnO2和Fe-MnO2对Sb(III)的固定机理不同有关.如图7(b)所示,随着pH值在2.0~8.0的逐渐增加,MnO2和Fe-MnO2对Sb(V)的吸附性能显著下降.Sb(V)在pH=2.0~8.0时以含氧阴离子(Sb(OH)6-)的形式存在,而随着pH的增加,样品表面会携带更多的负电荷(图8(a))[47-48],矿物表面与Sb(V)之间的静电斥力增加,进而导致吸附性能下降.Sb(III)主要以Sb(OH)3的形式存在,具有较大的离子半径和较弱的极性.Sb(III)的Sb(OH)3分子结构使其在吸附过程中与吸附剂表面的作用较弱,因此吸附效率较低.Sb(V)主要以Sb(OH)6-等阴离子形态存在,具有较强的极性和较小的离子半径,与高等电点吸附剂表面(Fe-MnO2)有更强的静电作用,从而导致较强的吸附.而且pH值越低,Fe-MnO2对Sb(III)和Sb(V)的吸附固定能力越好,说明在酸性条件下Fe-MnO2对Sb的迁移性有较大的影响.
为了研究Fe-MnO2产物的稳定性,分析了Fe、Mn在不同pH下的溶解情况.如图7(c)所示,Fe-MnO2+Sb(III)/Sb(V)体系中Mn的溶出量低于MnO2+Sb(III)/Sb(V)体系.这表明铁氧化物形成过程并未破坏MnO2的稳定性.如图7(d)所示,虽然Fe-MnO2+Sb(III)体系在pH=2.0时Fe的溶出量高达2.75mg/L,但FeMnO2+Sb(III)/ Sb(V)体系在pH值大于2.0时Fe的溶出量小于0.05mg/L.这表明当pH值大于2.0时,Fe(III)在MnO2上的结晶产物是稳定的,这是生成的Fe-MnO2对Sb(III)和Sb(V)吸附具有优异的可重复使用性的原因.图8(b)显示,经过5次的重复使用,Fe-MnO2对Sb(III)和Sb(V)的吸附性能基本无变化,均维持在110及60mg/g左右.这进一步说明了MnO2界面铁矿物的形成对Sb迁移具有重要影响.
通过原位ATR-FTIR测量进一步研究矿物材料Sb(III)和Sb(V)固定机理.MnO2和Fe-MnO2在吸附固定Sb(III)和Sb(V)前后的ATR-FTIR图谱如图9所示.在1423和1623cm-1处的谱带归属于Mn-O和Mn-OH的振动[49].在吸附Sb(V)前后的MnO2和Fe-MnO2上均观察到3000~3750cm-1区域的谱带,属于-OH伸缩振动.然而,这一宽泛的特征吸收峰却在固定Sb(III)后基本消失,趋于平缓,这是由于-OH和Sb(III)之间的相互作用所导致.在吸附Sb(V)之后,在MnO2和Fe-MnO2均在1098cm-1附近出现一些特征吸收峰,这被鉴定为Sb(V)在金属氧化物上的强吸附表面物种的指示[50-51].本表征结果进一步证实了化学吸附是Sb(III)和Sb(V)通过化学键络合固定的主要机理,这与上述吸附固定实验的结论相一致.
为了进一步探讨Sb迁移率的影响机理,采用XPS对样品中元素的价态进行了表征.与MnO2相比,Fe-MnO2上在710~725eV处出现了新的吸收峰,归属于Fe 2p,表明在铁矿物形成过程中氧化铁锚定在MnO2上(图10)[7].吸附固定Sb(III)或Sb(V)之后,在MnO2和Fe-MnO2上出现了Sb 3d的特征峰(540.2eV)[12,52].Mn 2p、Fe 2p和Sb 3d的高分辨率XPS光谱如图2-10所示.对于MnO2,位于641.5和643.5eV处的两个Mn 2p3/2峰分别归属于Mn(II)(72%)和Mn(IV)(28%)(图10(a))[40].在653.3eV处的峰归因于Mn 2p1/2.与Sb(III)反应后,Mn(IV)的含量下降到22%,相应的Mn(II)和Mn(III)的含量分别变为45%和33%,证实了MnO2吸附固定Sb(III)的反应中发生了Mn(II)/Mn(III)/Mn(IV)的循环.而Mn(IV)和Mn(II)的量变化很小.反应后Fe-MnO2也发生了类似的变化(图10(b)).结果表明,MnO2及Fe-MnO2与Sb(III)的相互作用过程中均发生了氧化还原反应.
图10(c)所示,位于714eV、712eV和710eV处的Fe 2p3/2的峰归因于Fe(III)和Fe(II)[53]. Fe-MnO2上Fe(III)和Fe(II)的量分别为69%和31%,在与Sb(III)和Sb(V)反应后,Fe(III)的量分别下降到56%和61%.结果表明,在Fe-MnO2+Sb(III)体系中,Fe(III)/Fe(II)的循环更容易发生.如图10(d)所示,在约539eV处的特征峰归因于Sb 3d3/2[54].通过拟合MnO2和Fe-MnO2吸附Sb(III)之后的Sb 3d3/2XPS峰,可以分离出Sb(III)和Sb(V)的信号[55].MnO2和Fe-MnO2上Sb(V)的含量分布为91%和65%,表明MnO2氧化Sb(III)的能力更强,而铁矿物的形成会削弱MnO2的氧化能力.但从Sb(III)整体的去除率情况来看,Fe-MnO2的能力更优,这是由于水铁矿对Sb(III)具有良好的吸附亲和力.
3.1 系统研究了水钠锰矿(MnO2)界面铁矿物的形成对矿物性质和Sb迁移转化行为的影响.Fe(III)离子在锰矿物界面吸附-氧化-结晶生长过程使得MnO2薄片表面被富Fe物质包裹,通过表征证明富Fe物质为水铁矿,同时MnO2的孔隙结构变得更加丰富.
3.2 MnO2对Sb(III)和Sb(V)的最大吸附容量分别为342.0和71.8mg/g.MnO2界面铁矿物的形成增强了对Sb(III)和Sb(V)的固定能力,最大吸附容量分别提升至397.44mg/g和247.73mg/g.
3.3 Fe-MnO2中锰矿物和铁矿物在降低Sb(III)迁移性中存在协同作用,MnO2主要起到将Sb(III)氧化为Sb(V)的作用,而铁矿物则主要是吸附阴离子型的Sb(V),不仅降低了Sb的毒性,而且降低了Sb的迁移性.由此可见,土壤中铁锰复合物对Sb的环境行为和生态效应有重要影响.
  • 国家自然科学基金资助项目(42207254)
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2025年第45卷第3期
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  • 接收时间:2024-08-28
  • 首发时间:2026-03-18
  • 出版时间:2025-03-20
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  • 收稿日期:2024-08-28
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国家自然科学基金资助项目(42207254)
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    1.广东工业大学环境科学与工程学院,广东 广州 510006
    2.华南理工大学环境与能源学院,广东 广州 510006

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

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total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
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species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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