Article(id=1241116642822909961, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1234093305789726721, issueId=1241116641321350143, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=null, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1722528000000, receivedDateStr=2024-08-02, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1773834866481, onlineDateStr=2026-03-18, pubDate=1742400000000, pubDateStr=2025-03-20, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1773834866481, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-18, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1773834866481, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773834866481, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1241116641321350143, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1234093305789726721, year='2025', volume='45', issue='3', pageStart='1185', pageEnd='1776', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1773834866123, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773881366030, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1241311676130193619, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1234093305789726721, issueId=1241116641321350143, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1241311676130193620, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1234093305789726721, issueId=1241116641321350143, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=1754, endPage=1764, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1241116643078762510, articleId=1241116642822909961, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1234093305789726721, language=EN, title=Effect of polyamide microplastics on the adsorption of sulfonic acid perfluoroalkyl compounds at the water-soil interface, columnId=1240689620866887794, journalTitle=China Environmental Science, columnName=Emerging Contaminants, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

In this study, the adsorption and distribution processes of 6:2 fluorotelomer sulfonic acid(6:2 FTSA)and perfluorohexane sulfonate(PFHxS)in polyamide(PA)microplastics and soil interaction systems were investigated, and the effects of various factors on their adsorption were explored. The results indicated that the adsorption equilibrium time for 6:2 FTSA and PFHxS in the microplastic-soil interaction system(approximately 120 hours)was significantly slower than in individual microplastic and soil systems(approximately 24 hours). Furthermore, the adsorption equilibrium capacity of 6:2 FTSA(0.044mg/g)and PFHxS(0.173mg/g)in the microplastic-soil interaction system was considerably lower than in PA microplastics alone(6:2FTSA:2.698mg/g;PFHxS: 3.518mg/g), but slightly higher than in soil alone(6:2FTSA:0.026mg/g;PFHxS: 0.048mg/g). With the increase of the content of microplastics in soil, the proportion of 6:2FTSA and PFHxS on microplastics gradually increased, especially for PFHxS. From the perspective of microplastics, the interaction with soil altered the surface properties of microplastics. As soil minerals occupied some adsorption sites of microplastics, the adsorption capacity of microplastics for 6:2FTSA and PFHxS was significantly reduced. Conversely, from the soil perspective, the presence of microplastics enhanced the soil's adsorption capacity for 6:2FTSA and PFHxS, with this effect becoming more pronounced as the proportion of microplastics increased, due to the strong adsorption affinity of microplastics for PFAS. In the co-cultivation system of microplastics and soil, although the surface properties of microplastics were modified over time, the overall adsorption of 6:2FTSA and PFHxS by the PA microplastics-soil system was not been significantly altered. These findings suggest that microplastics exert a long-lasting and relatively stable influence on PFAS in soil.

, correspAuthors=Jiao-xia SUN, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Yu-zan DU, Jiao-xia SUN, Jiang FU, Hong XIANG, Xue LUO, Fan YANG, Xi WANG, Jian-xin FAN), CN=ArticleExt(id=1241116646740389994, articleId=1241116642822909961, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1234093305789726721, language=CN, title=聚酰胺微塑料对磺酸类全氟烷基化合物在水-土界面吸附的影响, columnId=1240689621210820752, journalTitle=中国环境科学, columnName=新污染物, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

本文探索了聚酰胺(PA)微塑料和土壤互作体系对两种磺酸类全氟烷基化合物—6:2氟调聚磺酸(6:2FTSA)和全氟己烷磺酸(PFHxS)的吸附和分配过程以及不同影响因素对它们的吸附影响.结果表明:6:2FTSA和PFHxS在微塑料-土壤互作体系上达到吸附平衡的时间(约120h)慢于在单一的微塑料和土壤体系(约24h),且其吸附平衡容量(6:2FTSA:0.044mg/g;PFHxS:0.173mg/g)远低于PA微塑料(6:2FTSA:2.698mg/g;PFHxS:3.518mg/g),但高于土壤(6:2FTSA:0.026mg/g;PFHxS:0.048mg/g).随着土壤中微塑料的含量增加,6:2FTSA和PFHxS在土壤中微塑料上的分配占比逐渐增加,PFHxS尤为显著.从微塑料的角度分析,微塑料和土壤互作体系改变了微塑料表面性质,土壤矿物占据部分吸附位点,显著降低了微塑料对两种磺酸类全氟烷基化合物的吸附.从土壤的角度分析,土壤中微塑料的加入提高了土壤对全氟烷基类化合物的吸附,且随着微塑料占比越大越显著,这归因于微塑料对全氟烷基类化合物较强的吸附作用力.在微塑料-土壤共培养体系中,尽管微塑料表面性质随培养时间发生明显变化,但对两种全氟烷基类化合物的吸附影响较小,表明微塑料对土壤中的全氟烷基类化合物持长久且较为稳定的影响.

, correspAuthors=孙姣霞, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
* 责任作者,副教授,
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杜钰赞(1999-),男,重庆人,重庆交通大学硕士研究生,主要从事环境功能材料及水污染控制研究..

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杜钰赞(1999-),男,重庆人,重庆交通大学硕士研究生,主要从事环境功能材料及水污染控制研究..

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Environmental Science & Technology202054(24):15883-15892., articleTitle=Influences of chemical properties,soil properties,and solution pH on soil–water partitioning coefficients of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs), refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241116671948157672, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1234093305789726721, articleId=1241116642822909961, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=1995, volume=59, issue=2, pageStart=219, pageEnd=229, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[59], rfOrder=60, authorNames=Gu B, Schmitt J, Chen Z, journalName=Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Gu BSchmitt JChen Z,et al. Adsorption and desorption of different organic matter fractions on iron oxide [J]. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta199559(2):219-229., articleTitle=Adsorption and desorption of different organic matter fractions on iron oxide, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1241116659461714830, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1234093305789726721, articleId=1241116642822909961, awardId=CSTB2024NSCQ-MSX0681, language=CN, fundingSource=重庆市自然科学基金资助项目(CSTB2024NSCQ-MSX0681), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1241116659570766748, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1234093305789726721, articleId=1241116642822909961, awardId=X202410618022, language=CN, fundingSource=重庆市大学生创新创业项目(X202410618022), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1241116659675624360, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1234093305789726721, articleId=1241116642822909961, awardId=2024S0056, language=CN, fundingSource=重庆交通大学科创项目(2024S0056), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1241116647143043197, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1234093305789726721, articleId=1241116642822909961, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241116647155626114, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1234093305789726721, articleId=1241116642822909961, companyId=1241116647143043197, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=School of River and Ocean Engineering, Chongqing Jiaotong University, Chongqing 400074, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241116647164014719, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1234093305789726721, articleId=1241116642822909961, companyId=1241116647143043197, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=重庆交通大学河海学院,重庆 400074)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1241116654894117376, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1234093305789726721, articleId=1241116642822909961, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=SEM images and EDS spectra of original PAMP and PAMP -soil at different interaction times; Figures(a-c)are original PA, Figures(d-f)are PA after 24h of soil mixing, and Figures(g-i)are PA after 48h of soil mixing; SEM left images(a, d, g)and right images(b, e, h)are magnified 2000times and 10000times respectively, figureFileSmall=kxnuZMiTDwcluJ5V9U4DAQ==, figureFileBig=XWgziP2Nuf2LtCtE0V5xFA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241116655066083852, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1234093305789726721, articleId=1241116642822909961, language=CN, label=图1, caption=原始PA微塑料和土壤相互作用不同时间的PA微塑料的SEM图像及EDS图谱;图(a-c)为原始PA,图(d-f)为土壤共混24h的PA,图(g-i)为土壤共混48h的PA;SEM左图(a, d, g)和右图(b, e, h,)分别放大2000倍和10000倍, figureFileSmall=kxnuZMiTDwcluJ5V9U4DAQ==, figureFileBig=XWgziP2Nuf2LtCtE0V5xFA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241116655426794036, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1234093305789726721, articleId=1241116642822909961, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=FTIR of original PAMP and PAMP mixed with soil for different time, figureFileSmall=VuoZM9w8bJzxY8QFF+hmVw==, figureFileBig=TuHJRofiAZrJbm7CqEaUng==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241116655569400383, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1234093305789726721, articleId=1241116642822909961, language=CN, label=图2, caption=原始和与土壤共混不同时间的PA微塑料红外光谱, figureFileSmall=VuoZM9w8bJzxY8QFF+hmVw==, figureFileBig=TuHJRofiAZrJbm7CqEaUng==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241116655691035208, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1234093305789726721, articleId=1241116642822909961, language=EN, label=Fig 3, caption=SEM images and EDS spectra of original PAMP and PAMP co-cultured in soil, figureFileSmall=K7oNalyM+/CJy454K5Laww==, figureFileBig=h3ioYM/5RG7iu+gGMnT+7A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241116655808475736, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1234093305789726721, articleId=1241116642822909961, language=CN, label=图3, caption=原始PA微塑料和与土壤共培养PA微塑料的SEM图像及EDS图谱

(a)~(c)为原始PA微塑料,图(d)~(f)为土壤培养7d的PA微塑料,图(g-i)为土壤共混14d的PA微塑料; SEM左图(a,d,g)和右图(b,e,h)分别放大2000倍和10000倍

, figureFileSmall=K7oNalyM+/CJy454K5Laww==, figureFileBig=h3ioYM/5RG7iu+gGMnT+7A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241116655921721957, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1234093305789726721, articleId=1241116642822909961, language=EN, label=Fig.4, caption=FTIR of PAMP after 7and 14days of co-cultivation with soil, figureFileSmall=mD8Qsk7mBLkRgMtwAx3W5w==, figureFileBig=oBqwN2LHB5WQlJvisXVY+g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241116656030773878, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1234093305789726721, articleId=1241116642822909961, language=CN, label=图4, caption=原始和土壤共培养7和14d的PA微塑料的红外光谱, figureFileSmall=mD8Qsk7mBLkRgMtwAx3W5w==, figureFileBig=oBqwN2LHB5WQlJvisXVY+g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241116656152408713, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1234093305789726721, articleId=1241116642822909961, language=EN, label=Fig.5, caption=Adsorption Kinetics of PFAS in Different Systems, figureFileSmall=vaaTqtcCBN70oIC0mTMLJg==, figureFileBig=i/3LS/dxpGlaD2nRph+GEg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241116656261460634, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1234093305789726721, articleId=1241116642822909961, language=CN, label=图5, caption=不同体系对PFAS的吸附动力学, figureFileSmall=vaaTqtcCBN70oIC0mTMLJg==, figureFileBig=i/3LS/dxpGlaD2nRph+GEg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241116656433427121, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1234093305789726721, articleId=1241116642822909961, language=EN, label=Fig.6, caption=The adsorption efficiency of a single soil, PAMP-soil mixed system and a single PAMP system for 6:2FTSA(a)and PFHxS(b)under different PAMP dosages, figureFileSmall=XTmdMhWdPnRf+IS0Q5ChZQ==, figureFileBig=0pGvU8qyoxWY+Qo8qjNfXA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241116656576033482, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1234093305789726721, articleId=1241116642822909961, language=CN, label=图6, caption=单一土壤体系、不同PA微塑料剂量下PA微塑料-土壤混合体系和单一PA微塑料体系对6:2FTSA(a)和PFHxS(b)的吸附率

不同的大小写字母表示PFAS在三种吸附体系中的吸附能力与不同PA微塑料剂量之间存在显著差异(P<0.05).星号(*)表示在相同微塑料剂量下,PFAS在PA微塑料和PA微塑料-土壤混合体系上的吸附能力存在显著差异(P<0.05)

, figureFileSmall=XTmdMhWdPnRf+IS0Q5ChZQ==, figureFileBig=0pGvU8qyoxWY+Qo8qjNfXA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241116658333446900, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1234093305789726721, articleId=1241116642822909961, language=EN, label=Fig.7, caption=Relative distribution of 6:2FTSA and PFHxS in PAMP and soil, figureFileSmall=GVGeo/KPWj3+L1R4VHtgcw==, figureFileBig=Kc0KHo6Mpp7gUfoQvATpoA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241116658425721603, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1234093305789726721, articleId=1241116642822909961, language=CN, label=图7, caption=6:2FTSA和PFHxS在PA微塑料和土壤上的相对分布

CK:土壤空白;a:1%的微塑料添加;b:5%de微塑料添加;c:10%的微塑料添加

, figureFileSmall=GVGeo/KPWj3+L1R4VHtgcw==, figureFileBig=Kc0KHo6Mpp7gUfoQvATpoA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241116658551550739, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1234093305789726721, articleId=1241116642822909961, language=EN, label=Fig.8, caption=(a)Effect of co-culture time of PAMP and soil on the adsorption of 6:2FTSA and PFHxS, (b)Effect of humic acid in water on PFAS adsorption and(c)Effect of pH changes in water on 6:2FTSA and PFHxS adsorption in PAMP-soil mixed systems, figureFileSmall=4P1G8kdWPirsURERF0df3A==, figureFileBig=gx8LE+Bzhmsmp+Rx2OQdfg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241116658715128606, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1234093305789726721, articleId=1241116642822909961, language=CN, label=图8, caption=PA微塑料与土壤共培养时间(a)及水中腐殖酸(b)和水中pH值变化(c)对吸附6:2FTSA和PFHxS的影响

相同字母表示PA微塑料与土壤共培养不同时间对6:2FTSA和PFHxS的吸附没有存在显著性差异(P>0.05);不同的字母表示6:2FTSA和PFHxS的吸附在不同腐殖酸浓度之间存在显著差异(P<0.05)和相同字母表示6:2FTSA和PFHxS在不同pH值组间没有显著性差异(P>0.05)

, figureFileSmall=4P1G8kdWPirsURERF0df3A==, figureFileBig=gx8LE+Bzhmsmp+Rx2OQdfg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241116658857734960, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1234093305789726721, articleId=1241116642822909961, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Basic properties of original and soil-mixed microplastics

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
微塑料接触角(°)EDS表面元素组成(%)
CONAlSi
PA96.6±0.274.5813.3612.06--
PA-24h91.7±1.374.7811.3313.230.160.13
PA-48h92.6±1.873.9414.5611.150.130.15
), ArticleFig(id=1241116658966786881, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1234093305789726721, articleId=1241116642822909961, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

原始和土壤共混微塑料的基本性质

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
微塑料接触角(°)EDS表面元素组成(%)
CONAlSi
PA96.6±0.274.5813.3612.06--
PA-24h91.7±1.374.7811.3313.230.160.13
PA-48h92.6±1.873.9414.5611.150.130.15
), ArticleFig(id=1241116659063255888, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1234093305789726721, articleId=1241116642822909961, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Basic properties of original and soil-mixed microplastics

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
微塑料接触角(°)EDS表面元素组成(%)
CONAlSiFe
PA96.6±0.274.5813.3612.06---
PA-7d62.2±4.670.2517.1411.740.190.300.08
PA-14d59.8±7.267.8518.1612.500.340.690.11
), ArticleFig(id=1241116659147141986, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1234093305789726721, articleId=1241116642822909961, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

原始和土壤共混微塑料的基本性质

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
微塑料接触角(°)EDS表面元素组成(%)
CONAlSiFe
PA96.6±0.274.5813.3612.06---
PA-7d62.2±4.670.2517.1411.740.190.300.08
PA-14d59.8±7.267.8518.1612.500.340.690.11
), ArticleFig(id=1241116659247805295, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1234093305789726721, articleId=1241116642822909961, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Partition coefficients of soil and PA microplastics at different doses to PFAS

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
PFASKd(soil)(L/kg)log Koc(L/kg)log Kd(PA/PA-soil) (L/kg)log Kd(PA)(L/kg)
0.02gPA0.1gPA0.2gPA0.02gPA0.1gPA0.2gPA
6:2FTSA1.94±0.112.19±0.031.38±0.181.25±0.041.44±0.012.96±0.012.91±0.092.74±0.03
PFHxS2.57±0.172.31±0.032.58±0.092.83±0.012.93±0.032.99±0.042.94±0.012.96±0.13
), ArticleFig(id=1241116659356857215, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1234093305789726721, articleId=1241116642822909961, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

土壤和不同剂量的PA微塑料对PFAS的分配系数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
PFASKd(soil)(L/kg)log Koc(L/kg)log Kd(PA/PA-soil) (L/kg)log Kd(PA)(L/kg)
0.02gPA0.1gPA0.2gPA0.02gPA0.1gPA0.2gPA
6:2FTSA1.94±0.112.19±0.031.38±0.181.25±0.041.44±0.012.96±0.012.91±0.092.74±0.03
PFHxS2.57±0.172.31±0.032.58±0.092.83±0.012.93±0.032.99±0.042.94±0.012.96±0.13
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聚酰胺微塑料对磺酸类全氟烷基化合物在水-土界面吸附的影响
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杜钰赞 , 孙姣霞 * , 付江 , 向红 , 罗雪 , 杨帆 , 王茜 , 樊建新
中国环境科学 | 新污染物 2025,45(3): 1754-1764
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中国环境科学 | 新污染物 2025, 45(3): 1754-1764
聚酰胺微塑料对磺酸类全氟烷基化合物在水-土界面吸附的影响
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杜钰赞 , 孙姣霞* , 付江, 向红, 罗雪, 杨帆, 王茜, 樊建新
作者信息
  • 重庆交通大学河海学院,重庆 400074
  • 杜钰赞(1999-),男,重庆人,重庆交通大学硕士研究生,主要从事环境功能材料及水污染控制研究..

通讯作者:

* 责任作者,副教授,
Effect of polyamide microplastics on the adsorption of sulfonic acid perfluoroalkyl compounds at the water-soil interface
Yu-zan DU , Jiao-xia SUN* , Jiang FU, Hong XIANG, Xue LUO, Fan YANG, Xi WANG, Jian-xin FAN
Affiliations
  • School of River and Ocean Engineering, Chongqing Jiaotong University, Chongqing 400074, China
出版时间: 2025-03-20
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本文探索了聚酰胺(PA)微塑料和土壤互作体系对两种磺酸类全氟烷基化合物—6:2氟调聚磺酸(6:2FTSA)和全氟己烷磺酸(PFHxS)的吸附和分配过程以及不同影响因素对它们的吸附影响.结果表明:6:2FTSA和PFHxS在微塑料-土壤互作体系上达到吸附平衡的时间(约120h)慢于在单一的微塑料和土壤体系(约24h),且其吸附平衡容量(6:2FTSA:0.044mg/g;PFHxS:0.173mg/g)远低于PA微塑料(6:2FTSA:2.698mg/g;PFHxS:3.518mg/g),但高于土壤(6:2FTSA:0.026mg/g;PFHxS:0.048mg/g).随着土壤中微塑料的含量增加,6:2FTSA和PFHxS在土壤中微塑料上的分配占比逐渐增加,PFHxS尤为显著.从微塑料的角度分析,微塑料和土壤互作体系改变了微塑料表面性质,土壤矿物占据部分吸附位点,显著降低了微塑料对两种磺酸类全氟烷基化合物的吸附.从土壤的角度分析,土壤中微塑料的加入提高了土壤对全氟烷基类化合物的吸附,且随着微塑料占比越大越显著,这归因于微塑料对全氟烷基类化合物较强的吸附作用力.在微塑料-土壤共培养体系中,尽管微塑料表面性质随培养时间发生明显变化,但对两种全氟烷基类化合物的吸附影响较小,表明微塑料对土壤中的全氟烷基类化合物持长久且较为稳定的影响.

微塑料  /  土壤  /  相互作用  /  磺酸类全氟烷基化合物  /  吸附  /  影响因素

In this study, the adsorption and distribution processes of 6:2 fluorotelomer sulfonic acid(6:2 FTSA)and perfluorohexane sulfonate(PFHxS)in polyamide(PA)microplastics and soil interaction systems were investigated, and the effects of various factors on their adsorption were explored. The results indicated that the adsorption equilibrium time for 6:2 FTSA and PFHxS in the microplastic-soil interaction system(approximately 120 hours)was significantly slower than in individual microplastic and soil systems(approximately 24 hours). Furthermore, the adsorption equilibrium capacity of 6:2 FTSA(0.044mg/g)and PFHxS(0.173mg/g)in the microplastic-soil interaction system was considerably lower than in PA microplastics alone(6:2FTSA:2.698mg/g;PFHxS: 3.518mg/g), but slightly higher than in soil alone(6:2FTSA:0.026mg/g;PFHxS: 0.048mg/g). With the increase of the content of microplastics in soil, the proportion of 6:2FTSA and PFHxS on microplastics gradually increased, especially for PFHxS. From the perspective of microplastics, the interaction with soil altered the surface properties of microplastics. As soil minerals occupied some adsorption sites of microplastics, the adsorption capacity of microplastics for 6:2FTSA and PFHxS was significantly reduced. Conversely, from the soil perspective, the presence of microplastics enhanced the soil's adsorption capacity for 6:2FTSA and PFHxS, with this effect becoming more pronounced as the proportion of microplastics increased, due to the strong adsorption affinity of microplastics for PFAS. In the co-cultivation system of microplastics and soil, although the surface properties of microplastics were modified over time, the overall adsorption of 6:2FTSA and PFHxS by the PA microplastics-soil system was not been significantly altered. These findings suggest that microplastics exert a long-lasting and relatively stable influence on PFAS in soil.

microplastics  /  soil  /  interaction  /  perfluoroalkyl compounds of sulfonic acid  /  adsorption  /  influencing factors
杜钰赞, 孙姣霞, 付江, 向红, 罗雪, 杨帆, 王茜, 樊建新. 聚酰胺微塑料对磺酸类全氟烷基化合物在水-土界面吸附的影响. 中国环境科学, 2025 , 45 (3) : 1754 -1764 .
Yu-zan DU, Jiao-xia SUN, Jiang FU, Hong XIANG, Xue LUO, Fan YANG, Xi WANG, Jian-xin FAN. Effect of polyamide microplastics on the adsorption of sulfonic acid perfluoroalkyl compounds at the water-soil interface[J]. China Environmental Science, 2025 , 45 (3) : 1754 -1764 .
微塑料是指粒径小于5mm的规则或不规则形状的塑料颗粒、纤维等,广泛存在于水体和陆地环境中[1].土壤是微塑料污染的一个重要场所,当前土壤中的微塑料污染现状令人担忧.据报道,全球每年有1300~2500万t塑料废物被排入陆地环境,是海洋环境中塑料废物量的43~83倍[2-4].塑料废物通过光氧化、生物降解、机械破坏等作用从大颗粒逐渐降解为微塑料[5-6].土壤是容纳微塑料的一个重要场所,当前土壤中的微塑料污染现状令人担忧.在我国19个省份土壤中均检测到微塑料,平均浓度为83.6kg/hm2[7].在微塑料污染严重的地点,如工业区附近的土壤,微塑料最高含量达6.7%[8].土壤中发现的绝大多数微塑料粒径小于1mm[9-12].微塑料因其化学组成和较大的比表面积,对一些持久性有机污染物有较强的吸附作用[9].
一旦微塑料进入土壤中,由于微塑料的较强吸附作用,增强了持久性有机污染物在土壤中积累,从而改变有机污染物在土壤环境中的迁移性[13].因此,了解土壤、微塑料和有机污染物之间的相互作用有助于理解微塑料共存下有机污染物在水土环境中的归宿.一些研究发现,有机污染物在微塑料-土壤混合体系中的吸附能力强于单一土壤体系,微塑料的存在增加了土壤-微塑料体系对污染物的吸附[14-16].因此,微塑料上的有机污染物浓度可能比土壤和沉积物中的浓度要高.然而,微塑料和土壤之间复杂的相互作用是如何影响特定有机污染物在微塑料和土壤上的吸附和分配行为尚需深入研究.
全氟烷基物质(PFAS)作为新兴的有机污染物,由于其优异的理化特性,目前被广泛应用于工业生产,环境中PFAS几乎随处可见[17-18].但PFAS是一类具有环境持久性和潜在毒性的有机污染物,可能造成严重的环境问题[17,19-20].自2014年起,中国已逐步禁止生产和使用全氟辛烷磺酸(PFOS),因此许多制造商开始选择或生产PFOS的替代物[21].其中,6:2氟调聚磺酸(6:2FTSA)和全氟己烷磺酸(PFHxS)应用日益广泛,在电镀、消防泡沫和表面活性剂等应用领域,它们逐渐取代PFOS[22-23].PFOS替代物因其较短的链长而被认为比长链PFOS的危害小,但有研究报道它们对环境造成的威胁同样不容小觑[24].所以,研究PFOS替代物在水土环境中的行为不容忽视.
土壤是微塑料和PFAS的共同吸收汇,它们在土壤介质中被广泛检出.目前,已经有研究发现微塑料和土壤均能有效吸附PFAS,从而影响PFAS在环境中的迁移性和生物可利用性[25-26].然而,微塑料与土壤共作体系下,PFAS在水土环境中的环境行为还不清楚,有必要进一步研究PFAS在微塑料存在下的环境行为,评估微塑料对PFAS在水土环境中吸附和分配的影响.聚酰胺(PA)是一种被广泛应用的陆地环境中常见的热塑性塑料[27-28].从现有文献来看,PA是环境中微塑料的主要类型之一[29-31].此外,相对于其他微塑料(如聚乙烯(PE)、聚苯乙烯(PS)和聚氯乙烯(PVC)等),PA微塑料对抗生素、双酚A和PFAS的吸附量远高于它们,这可能与PA微塑料独特的酰胺结构和复杂的氢键有关[32-34].PA微塑料对全氟辛酸(PFOA)的吸附分配系数Kd是PE、PVC和PS的54~121倍[35-36].在本文前期的预实验中,探讨了3种常见微塑料PE、聚己二酸/对苯二甲酸丁二酯(PBAT)和PA对PFAS的吸附行为,研究发现PA微塑料对PFAS的吸附能力远远超过PE和PBAT微塑料,这与前人的结果类似[37-38].综上所述,基于PA微塑料在环境中的普遍性和对PFAS的强吸附能力,而且考虑到其与土壤相互作用的复杂性,本研究选择PA微塑料作为研究对象,探究其在水土环境中与土壤相互作用对PFOS替代物(6:2FTSA和PFHxS)的吸附和分配过程以及影响因素.该研究为微塑料对磺酸类全氟烷基化合物等有机污染物在水-土界面迁移行为的研究提供方法和理论参考.
6:2FTSA和PFHxS,纯度98%,均购自上海易恩化学技术有限公司.PA微塑料(100目)购自巴斯夫公司.PA微塑料使用前在40℃的恒温鼓风干燥箱中干燥,之后过100目不锈钢筛,室温保存待用.无水甲醇,分析纯,来自德国默克公司.磷酸二氢钠,分析纯,来自海麦克林生化科技股份有限公司.实验用水为Milli-Q仪器(Millipore,Billerica,MA,USA)制备超纯水.实验土壤取自湖南省武胜县的稻田(采样深度为地表下0~20cm),该稻田土壤中全氟烷基化合物(PFAS)未检出,采用密度浮选-红外光谱法,未发现明显微塑料污染.土壤样品自然风干,研磨过10目和100目的不锈钢筛,分别用于基本理化性质分析和吸附实验.土壤样品的基本理化性质具体为pH6.2,有机碳含量(foc)1.26%,阳离子交换容量(CEC)0.9cmol/ kg,盐度0.2%,总氮2.32g/kg,砂粒4.56%,粉粒72.01%,黏粒23.43%.
收集第24h、48h、7d和14d的PA微塑料-土壤混合样品,PA微塑料采用浮选法进行提取[39].即在PA微塑料-土壤体系中加入NaCl饱和溶液,充分混匀后,PA微塑料会漂浮到溶液表面,之后以3500r/min的速度离心5min,过滤到0.22µm的玻璃纤维滤膜上.过滤后得到的微塑料在40℃烘箱中干燥后,进行理化性质表征.通过SEM(Sigma 300,ZEISS,Germany)观察原始微塑料和土壤共混微塑料的表面形貌,并结合EDS分析其表面元素组成.原始微塑料和土壤共混微塑料样品表面官能团的改变通过FTIR(Thermo Nicolet 670spectrometer,PerkinElmer,USA)分析.原始微塑料和土壤共混微塑料样品的接触角通过接触角测量仪(JY-82C,承德鼎盛试验机检测设备有限公司,中国)测定,并利用Image J软件计算其接触角.
考虑到微塑料表面会附着土壤颗粒或生长生物膜,微塑料的表面性质可能会随着与土壤的接触时间的增加而发生变化,并进一步影响吸附有机污染物的效果.因此,参考Zhang等[40]的方法,将微塑料和土壤共培养不同的时间.PA微塑料与土壤按0.05:1的比例(重量比)混合,每2g土壤中加入0.1gPA微塑料,并以采集的土壤样品作为对照.将样品充分混匀后,放入带透气膜的密封玻璃烧杯中,在25℃黑暗恒温培养箱中培养.每2d检查一次烧杯的失水情况,并加入超纯水以保持土壤水分含量为16%(重量比).收集第24h、48h、7d和14d的PA微塑料-土壤混合样品,自然风干后用于进一步实验.
为明确6:2FTSA和PFHxS在土壤、微塑料-土壤和微塑料三个体系中的吸附动力学和吸附平衡时间,首先进行了吸附动力学实验.将20g土壤、1gPA微塑料+20g土壤(约5%)和1gPA微塑料分别置于250mL玻璃螺口瓶中,再加入200mL初始浓度为20mg/L的6:2FTSA、PFHxS溶液.设置0.5,1,2,4,8,24,48,72,96,120h作为时间梯度进行采样检测.
为明确PA微塑料剂量对PFAS在微塑料-土壤混合体系中吸附和分配作用,进行不同微塑料添加剂量下的吸附实验.参考Chang等[16]的研究,选择约10g/L作为单一土壤体系和微塑料-土壤混合体系的固液比.在2g土壤中分别加入0.02,0.1和0.2g PA微塑料(约1%、5%、10%).最低剂量约1%的PA微塑料作为受污染土壤中微塑料的环境相关含量,最高剂量约10%的PA微塑料被选来模拟极端情况,例如一些工厂和污染场地[10, 41].同时,采用相同剂量的原始PA微塑料进行比较,并设置采集的土壤样品作为对照.将含有不同剂量微塑料的土壤混合样品分别置于玻璃螺口瓶中进行吸附平衡实验.实验添加20mL 6:2FTSA和PFHxS,初始浓度为20mg/L.
为明确微塑料与土壤相互作用不同时间后对PFAS吸附的影响.将共培养0、24h、48h、7d和14d的PA微塑料-土壤分别置于玻璃螺口瓶中进行吸附平衡实验.所有样品瓶中分别加入20mL 6:2FTSA和PFHxS,初始浓度为20mg/L.
为明确水环境中pH值和溶解有机质对微塑料与土壤吸附PFAS的影响.在0.1g PA微塑料+2g土壤混合体系中,依次加入20mL pH值分别为4、6和8的PFAS溶液,使用1mol/L的HCl或NaOH调节溶液pH值.同样将0.1gPA微塑料+2g土壤混合体系分别置于20mL浓度分别为0,5和20mg/L的腐殖酸溶液中.实验中PFAS的初始浓度均为20mg/L.
所有实验设置3个平行,并设空白对照(不含吸附剂的PFAS溶液).所有样品瓶盖紧后,放置在25℃的气浴恒温振荡器中使吸附剂和吸附质能够充分接触,以200r/min的速度振荡120h以达到吸附平衡后取出.取出的样品瓶在3500r/min的速度下离心10min,使用5mL一次性注射器取1mL上清液,然后通过0.22µm滤膜过滤后进行分析.
采用离子色谱法(HPLC,HIC-SP,日本岛津公司)和电导检测器(CDD-10A vp,日本岛津公司)对PFAS进行定量[42-43].采用甲醇:20mmol/L磷酸二氢钠溶液(v/v)为65:35的流动相测定.以上PFAS测定过程中,流速均为1mL/min,进样量为40µL.使用岛津InertSustain C18色谱柱(4.0mm×250mm,5µm).色谱柱和电导检测器的温度均保持在40℃,采用外标法定量.每种处理使用3个重复,以便进行统计检验.每批样品都与标准溶液和空白(初始流动相)同时进行分析,以测试仪器性能.测量值在前一次测量值的5%以内即为合格.
本实验数据通过Origin 2018软件(OriginLab Corporation,Northampton,MA,USA)绘图和模型拟合,数据以平均值±标准差的形式呈现.其中所使用的数据分析公式如下:
平衡吸附量Qe计算如式(1).
式中:Qe为化合物在吸附剂上的平衡吸附量,mg/g;C0为溶液中污染物初始浓度,mg/L;Ct为吸附达到平衡状态时溶液中污染物的浓度,mg/L;V为反应溶液体积,L;m为吸附剂的质量,g.
利用单点吸附数据计算PFAS在吸附剂(土壤或微塑料)上的平衡分配系数[44].PFAS在单一土壤体系、单一微塑料体系、微塑料-土壤混合体系上的总分配系数Kd(soil)Kd(MP)Kd(MP-soil)通过式(2)计算.PFAS在土壤有机碳上的分配系数Koc通过式(3)计算.微塑料-土壤混合体系中,微塑料对PFAS的吸附分配系数Kd(MP/MP-soil)可通过式(4)计算:
式中:Qe(mg/g)和Ce(mg/L)分别为吸附平衡时PFAS在吸附剂上的平衡吸附量和剩余浓度,foc为土壤中有机碳的含量,%;fMP为土壤中微塑料的含量,%.
在微塑料与土壤相互作用的初期,PA微塑料表面形貌和元素组成同样发生了明显的变化,如图1所示.原始PA微塑料表面平整光滑.与土壤共混24h的PA微塑料可明显发现微塑料表面变得粗糙,有层状交错结构,且分散附着了颗粒物质.由表面元素分析可以推测出表面粘附的物质主要是土壤矿物.随着与土壤的接触时间增加到48h,PA微塑料表面出现了更多的凹痕和褶皱,层状结构更加明显,同样观察到一些粘附的土壤矿物颗粒.因此,PA微塑料随着与土壤共混时间的增加,其表面粗糙度增加,表面结构更加复杂,微塑料表面会粘附土壤矿物.如表1所示,尽管土壤共混后的PA微塑料表面有土壤矿物颗粒的附着,但其表面有机元素组成和接触角未发生显著变化.说明微塑料与土壤在水溶液中短时间内发生共混作用会影响微塑料的表面形貌,但对其表面疏水性影响不大.
在红外光谱图中观察到了土壤共混PA微塑料表面官能团的变化(图2).3446cm-1处的吸收峰归属于-OH的伸缩振动,PA微塑料表面的-OH的吸收峰强度在土壤中共混后发生了较大变化,这可能是吸附的亲水物质引起的局部官能团变化[45].1082cm-1处的吸收峰强度增加,该波长处是黏土矿物中Si-O键的伸缩振动引起;545cm-1出现新的吸收峰可能为黏土矿物中Si-O-Al的伸缩振动或赤铁矿的伸缩振动[46].这些结果与SEM-EDS分析的结果一致,土壤共混后的PA微塑料表面含有少量的Si、Al、O等元素.有研究发现,实际环境中收集到的微塑料表面经常检测到各种元素(如O、Fe和Si等),表明粘土矿物等物质倾向于粘附在微塑料表面[47].
为了考察微塑料与土壤接触较长时间后的理化性质变化,将PA微塑料与土壤共培养了7和14d.微塑料与土壤共培养后表面颜色发生了明显变化,由原本的纯白色加深为土棕色,与土壤共混48h相比,颜色更深.研究发现,微塑料可能会经历老化,同时它们也可能被土壤颗粒粘附或在其表面生长生物膜[48].原始PA微塑料和土壤共培养7,14d的PA微塑料的表面形貌具有明显差异.原始PA微塑料的表面相对光滑,如图3所示.PA微塑料与土壤接触7d后,其表面变得粗糙,出现许多凹痕和层状包裹结构,并附着土壤颗粒.PA微塑料与土壤共培养14d后,生物膜样物质覆盖在微塑料表面.PA微塑料与土壤共培养后,其表面元素也发生了明显变化.根据表2,EDS图谱分析结果显示,共培养7,14d后,PA微塑料表面检测到了Al、Si、Fe元素,且随着培养时间的增加而增加.相较于共混48h的微塑料还检测到了Fe元素.此外,与土壤共培养后的PA微塑料表面接触角显著降低,说明微塑料表面疏水性下降.
在红外光谱图中同样观察到了PA微塑料表面官能团的变化(图4).3446cm-1处的吸收峰归属于-OH的吸收峰振动,PA中-OH的吸收峰强度在土壤中共培养后发生了显著变化,变化程度大于共混48h的PA微塑料,这是由于水解和生物降解引起的表面官能团发生变化[45].1082cm-1处的吸收峰强度显著增加,该波长处是黏土矿物中Si-O键的伸缩振动;与土壤共混初期的PA微塑料相比,在522和468cm-1出现了新的吸收峰,可能为黏土矿物中Si-O-Ai的伸缩振动或赤铁矿的伸缩振动[46].这些结果与SEM-EDS分析结果一致,土壤共培养7和14d后的PA微塑料表面元素含量变化较大,有少量的Si、Al、Fe等元素.
图5显示了6:2FTSA和PFHxS在单一土壤体系、PA微塑料-土壤混合体系以及单一PA微塑料体系上的吸附动力学.在最初的4h内,吸附速率较快.随后,吸附速率减慢.这主要是由于在吸附初期,PFAS通过传质作用迅速附着在吸附剂上,而随后吸附剂上的有效结合位点减少,减缓了PFAS的吸附速率[49].类似的,PFAS在土壤上的吸附前8h时内为快速吸附阶段,随后减缓直至达到吸附平衡.PA微塑料-土壤混合体系在整个吸附动力学的过程中吸附速率明显慢于土壤和PA微塑料,120h才达到吸附平衡.微塑料暴露于土壤中延长了PFAS的吸附平衡时间,这种变化与微塑料和土壤的初期相互作用密切相关[50].
与相同剂量的PA相比,微塑料-土壤混合体系Qe也明显降低,这表明微塑料-土壤混合体系的吸附过程更为复杂.6:2FTSA和PFHxS在PA微塑料上的Qe分别为2.698,3.518mg/g,远高于PA微塑料-土壤混合体系(0.044,0.173mg/g)和单一土壤体系(0.026,0.048mg/g).这可能是由于与PA微塑料相比,土壤是PFAS的弱受体.土壤中的foc含量较低,会导致土壤与PFAS尾部之间无法提供更多的疏水相互作用位点[25].此外,土壤有机质和矿物颗粒可通过静电和疏水相互作用吸附在微塑料表面[51].因此,我们推测微塑料与土壤之间的相互作用会占用微塑料表面的可用吸附位点,从而抑制PFAS的吸附[52].由于PFAS的物理和化学性质不同,6:2FTSA和PFHxS在土壤和PA微塑料-土壤混合体系上吸附能力也不同.在PA微塑料-土壤混合体系中与土壤体系类似,实际吸附容量Qe值由大到小为PFHxS>6:2FTSA,这与PFAS在单一PA微塑料上的吸附类似,说明疏水相互作用是PFAS在微塑料上保留的主要作用机制[11,26].一般来说,PFAS的C-F链越长,疏水性和疏水相互作用就越强[53].PFHxS的吸附量明显大于6:2FTSA,这可能是由于PFHxS结构更为规整.
图6所示,3种吸附体系对6:2FTSA和PFHxS的吸附率随着PA微塑料剂量的增加而增加,与土壤相比,PA微塑料-土壤混合体系对6:2FTSA和PFHxS的吸附率显著增加(即使在2g土壤中添加0.02g PA微塑料;土壤中的PA微塑料约为1%),这表明土壤中的PA微塑料可能通过提高土壤的吸附能力来降低PFAS的迁移性.在高比例添加下(土壤中PA微塑料约为10%),PA微塑料-土壤混合体系对PFAS的吸附能力显著增强,表明在PA微塑料-土壤混合体系中PA微塑料主导了对PFAS的吸附.对比相同剂量下的PA微塑料,与土壤混合后的PA微塑料吸附PFAS的抑制作用显著.
根据式(3)和式(4)分别计算得到土壤有机碳(log Koc)和PA微塑料(log Kd(PA)和log Kd(PA/PA-soil)对6:2FTSA和PFHxS)的分配系数,结果如表3所示.PA微塑料在单一体系和土壤混合体系中对6:2FTSA和PFHxS的分配系数log Kd(PA)大于log Kd(PA/PA-soil),同时对比单一体系,发现log Kd(PA)也大于log Koc.PA微塑料的分配系数高于土壤和PA微塑料-土壤混合体系中的PA微塑料,这也证明了土壤对PA微塑料吸附PFAS存在抑制作用,且相比土壤有机碳,微塑料可能作为有机污染物在土壤中更重要的载体.其他研究也发现,在微塑料-土壤混合体系中,三氯生、磺胺甲噁唑和土霉素等其他有机污染物在土壤上的吸附受到了抑制,这是微塑料对这几种有机污染物的吸附能力较弱,会产生“稀释效应”,从而抑制混合体系的吸附能力[49,52,54].在本研究中,PA微塑料在PFAS的吸附过程中起主导作用,而土壤作为PFAS的弱受体,与PFAS争夺PA微塑料上的吸附位点[51,55].此外,PFHxS的分配系数高于6:2FTSA,表明PFAS的结构性质对水土环境中PFAS的分配行为产生了较大影响.
根据添加与不添加微塑料的土壤对6:2FTSA和PFHxS的平衡吸附实验,本文计算了不同微塑料添加比例下6:2FTSA和PFHxS在土壤和微塑料上的相对分布,如图7所示.微塑料的加入改变了土壤中6:2FTSA和PFHxS的分布情况,这与微塑料剂量和PFAS的性质密切相关.当土壤中含有0.02g(约1%)的PA微塑料时,6:2FTSA和PFHxS在PA微塑料上的分布分别为5%和47%.当微塑料剂量增加到0.1g(约5%)时,6:2FTSA和PFHxS在PA微塑料上的分布大幅度增加,分别为23%和73%.总的来说,由于土壤对6:2FTSA和PFHxS的吸附能力比PA微塑料弱,因此PA微塑料的添加对土壤中6:2FTSA和PFHxS的分配行为影响很大.PFAS在微塑料上的相对分布率为PFHxS>6:2FTSA,这与PFAS在单一微塑料体系上的吸附类似.相比于6:2FTSA,PFHxS在PA微塑料上的分布超过土壤,这可能是由于土壤对6:2FTSA的吸附能力高于PFHxS,而PA微塑料对其吸附亲和力相对更弱,说明不同PFAS与土壤之间复杂的相互作用影响了其在土壤上的分布.
根据土壤与微塑料的共培养表征分析,随着微塑料与土壤共培养时间延长,微塑料表面理化性质发生了明显变化,因而可能影响PA微塑料-土壤混合体系对有机污染物的吸附.与土壤共培养后,微塑料表面附着了更多的土壤颗粒和微生物膜状物,导致PA微塑料表面的有效吸附位点减少,对PFAS在PA微塑料表面的吸附产生不利影响,抑制PFAS与PA微塑料之间的疏水相互作用和氢键作用.与原始微塑料相比,PA微塑料-土壤混合体系共培养7和14d对所有PFAS的平衡吸附量均有所下降,如图8(a)所示,但没有显著性变化.这一研究表明,尽管微塑料与土壤共培养过程中理化性质发生了显著变化,但与土壤和微塑料相互作用初期相比,微塑料对PFAS的亲和作用并未明显减弱.因而,微塑料在土壤中对PFAS的吸附与分配作用相对稳定.
溶解性有机质会与有机污染物竞争微塑料和土壤上的结合吸附位点,改变有机污染物在固体表面与水体之间的分配,从而影响微塑料和土壤对污染物的吸附[56].研究发现当土壤中未添加微塑料时,添加的溶解性有机质会优先被土壤吸附[57].腐殖酸作为水中溶解性有机质的主要成分,可能会与PFAS竞争土壤和微塑料上的吸附位点,因此,本研究考察了水中腐殖酸浓度变化对PFAS吸附的影响,如图8(b)所示.当水中腐殖酸浓度增加时,PA微塑料-土壤混合体系对6:2FTSA和PFHxS的吸附受到少许的抑制.在水土混合溶液中含有5mg/L的腐殖酸时,PA微塑料-土壤混合体系对6:2FTSA和PFHxS的平衡吸附量下降约1%~5%,这种抑制作用在腐殖酸浓度达20mg/L时有显著性增强,吸附量最高降低了约10%.因而,水中腐殖酸浓度显著增加时,微塑料-土壤混合体系对6:2FTSA和PFHxS的吸附会降低.
溶液pH值既影响污染物的解离形态,也影响微塑料的表面电荷,因而也是影响污染物吸附的重要因素.在本研究中,随着溶液pH值升高,PA微塑料-土壤混合体系对6:2FTSA和PFHxS的吸附量略有降低,如图8(c)所示.6:2FTSA和PFHxS为阴离子型PFAS,其吸附降低主要归因于全氟烷基链带负电的头部与固体基质(土壤和PA微塑料)带负电的吸附位点之间的静电斥力降低[58].此外,由于土壤中存在矿物成分(包括Al/Fe),受pH值变化影响的非疏水相互作用可能在控制PFAS吸附中额外发挥作用,随着pH值的升高,土壤有机碳和粘土矿物的负电性逐渐增强,导致阴离子PFAS的静电排斥作用增强,吸附性能降低[59].然而,总的来说,pH值在6~8区间变化时,其对微塑料-土壤混合体系吸附6:2FTSA和PFHxS无显著影响.
3.1 微塑料和土壤互作体系改变了微塑料表面性质,土壤矿物占据部分吸附位点,从而显著降低了微塑料对两种磺酸类全氟化合物的吸附.6:2FTSA和PFHxS在PA微塑料-土壤混合体系中的吸附速率低于单独的微塑料体系和土壤体系.在平衡吸附容量方面,6:2FTSA和PFHxS在微塑料体系中的吸附容量分别为2.698mg/g和3.518mg/g,远高于PA微塑料-土壤混合体系(0.044mg/g和0.173mg/g)和土壤体系(0.026mg/g和0.048mg/g).
3.2 土壤中PA微塑料的加入提高了土壤对6:2FTSA和PFHxS的吸附.当土壤中含有0.02g(约1%)的PA微塑料时,6:2FTSA和PFHxS在PA微塑料上的分布分别为5%和47%.当微塑料剂量增加到0.1g(约5%)时,6:2FTSA和PFHxS在PA微塑料上的分布大幅度增加,分别为23%和73%,这归因于微塑料对全氟类化合物强的吸附作用力.
3.3 PA微塑料与土壤共培养并未导致微塑料对PFAS的亲和作用明显减弱,表明微塑料在土壤中对PFAS的吸附与分配作用相对稳定.但随着溶液中pH值的升高和腐殖酸含量的增加,PA微塑料-土壤体系对6:2FTSA和PFHxS的吸附能力略有下降.
  • 重庆市自然科学基金资助项目(CSTB2024NSCQ-MSX0681)
  • 重庆市大学生创新创业项目(X202410618022)
  • 重庆交通大学科创项目(2024S0056)
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重庆市自然科学基金资助项目(CSTB2024NSCQ-MSX0681)
重庆市大学生创新创业项目(X202410618022)
重庆交通大学科创项目(2024S0056)
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    重庆交通大学河海学院,重庆 400074

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