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The adaptive resilience of microorganisms is crucial for maintaining the stable operation of Biotrickling filters under intermittent flow interruption. This process is intrinsically related to the ability of microorganism to store active substances as Extracellular Polymeric Substances(EPS). To elucidate this mechanism, a comparative analysis was conducted on biofilm structural characteristics, EPS compositional variations, and functional group transformations during an operation cycle of Biotrickling filters. The correlation between EPS-mediated stress response mechanisms and microbial activity maintenance/recovery was investigated. The results revealed that the removal of COD and NH4+-N reached(95.56±1.10)% and(87.06±2.08)% respectively in the biotrickling filter operated under intermittent flow. Under the regulation of EPS, the biofilm showed a loose and porous structure. During flow interruption phases, microorganisms activated starvation adaptation strategies by converting carbon sources adsorbed in SB-EPS and metabolizing polysaccharides stored in SB-EPS. The structure integrity of microorganisms was maintained via synergistic effects of hydrophobic functional groups within EPS and polymer bridging interactions. Accordingly, an EPS-mediated stress adaptation system responsive to starvation-recovery alternations was established, enabling sustainable operation of Biotrickling filters.

, correspAuthors=Wu-ang REN, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Ya-jiao LI, Xiao-yu JIANG, Yu-lei CHI, Bin-hong ZHANG, Wu-ang REN, Xiao-qian DING, Kai JU, Peng-kang JIN), CN=ArticleExt(id=1241057220679488284, articleId=1241057218381009475, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1234093305789726721, language=CN, title=农村污水间歇断流下滴滤池效能维持及微生物胞外应激机制, columnId=1234106386565624579, journalTitle=中国环境科学, columnName=水污染与控制, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

间歇断流下微生物的适应恢复能力是滴滤池稳定运行的关键,该过程与微生物以EPS形式储存的活性物质紧密联系.基于此,对比分析滴滤池稳定运行周期内生物膜结构、EPS组分及其官能团的变化特征,探讨了EPS的应激机制同微生物活性维持与恢复的关联.结果表明,间歇断流下滴滤池的COD、NH4+-N去除率分别达95.56%±1.10%、87.06%±2.08%;受EPS影响,生物膜呈松散孔隙/紧密堆积的形貌结构;微生物在断流期转化SB-EPS内吸附的碳源与LB-EPS内储存的多糖为营养物质,并依靠EPS内疏水基团与架桥作用维护稳定结构,形成了EPS适应饥饿交替的应激机制,进而维持了滴滤池的稳定运行.

, correspAuthors=任武昂, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
* 责任作者,副教授,
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李亚娇(1978-),女,辽宁大石桥人,副教授,博士,主要研究方向为水污染控制与防治..

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李亚娇(1978-),女,辽宁大石桥人,副教授,博士,主要研究方向为水污染控制与防治..

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李亚娇(1978-),女,辽宁大石桥人,副教授,博士,主要研究方向为水污染控制与防治..

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ArticleFig(id=1241057231655981699, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1234093305789726721, articleId=1241057218381009475, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

The proportion of main functional groups combined with C and O in EPS(%)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
处理技术EPS类型运行时段(条件)C结合的主要官能团(结合能)O结合的主要官能团(结合能)
C-(C/H)
284.8eV
C-(O/N)
286.2eV
O-C-O/C=O
287.8eV
O-C=O
289.2eV
O=C
531.3eV
HOC/C-O-C
532.7eV
生物膜法LB-EPS进水2h58.8129.147.304.7529.0270.98
断流2h57.2031.547.403.8612.3884.09
TB-EPS进水2h44.6136.8812.046.4795.41
断流2h52.7334.388.134.7614.1085.90
活性污泥法TB-EPS[38]饱食阶段42.9037.2011.903.3035.4064.60
EPS[39]内源呼吸21.2058.7013.606.5067.9032.10
), ArticleFig(id=1241057231739867791, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1234093305789726721, articleId=1241057218381009475, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

EPS中与C、O结合的主要官能团的占比(%)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
处理技术EPS类型运行时段(条件)C结合的主要官能团(结合能)O结合的主要官能团(结合能)
C-(C/H)
284.8eV
C-(O/N)
286.2eV
O-C-O/C=O
287.8eV
O-C=O
289.2eV
O=C
531.3eV
HOC/C-O-C
532.7eV
生物膜法LB-EPS进水2h58.8129.147.304.7529.0270.98
断流2h57.2031.547.403.8612.3884.09
TB-EPS进水2h44.6136.8812.046.4795.41
断流2h52.7334.388.134.7614.1085.90
活性污泥法TB-EPS[38]饱食阶段42.9037.2011.903.3035.4064.60
EPS[39]内源呼吸21.2058.7013.606.5067.9032.10
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农村污水间歇断流下滴滤池效能维持及微生物胞外应激机制
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李亚娇 1 , 蒋小雨 1 , 池玉蕾 1 , 张彬鸿 2 , 任武昂 1, * , 丁晓倩 1 , 鞠恺 1 , 金鹏康 3
中国环境科学 | 水污染与控制 2025,45(5): 2434-2442
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中国环境科学 | 水污染与控制 2025, 45(5): 2434-2442
农村污水间歇断流下滴滤池效能维持及微生物胞外应激机制
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李亚娇1 , 蒋小雨1, 池玉蕾1, 张彬鸿2, 任武昂1, * , 丁晓倩1, 鞠恺1, 金鹏康3
作者信息
  • 1.西安科技大学建筑与土木工程学院,陕西 西安 710054
  • 2.中联西北工程设计研究院有限公司,陕西 西安 710076
  • 3.西安交通大学人居环境与建筑工程学院;陕西 西安 710049
  • 李亚娇(1978-),女,辽宁大石桥人,副教授,博士,主要研究方向为水污染控制与防治..

通讯作者:

* 责任作者,副教授,
Sustaining bioreactor efficacy in rural wastewater treatment under intermittent flow interruption: Elucidating microbial EPS-mediated stress adaptation mechanisms
Ya-jiao LI1 , Xiao-yu JIANG1, Yu-lei CHI1, Bin-hong ZHANG2, Wu-ang REN1, * , Xiao-qian DING1, Kai JU1, Peng-kang JIN3
Affiliations
  • School of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Xi’an University of Science and Technology, Xi’an 710054, China
  • 2.Zhonglian Northwest Engineering Design and Research Institute Co., Ltd., Xi’an 710076, China
  • 3.School of Human Settlements and Civil Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China
出版时间: 2025-05-20
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间歇断流下微生物的适应恢复能力是滴滤池稳定运行的关键,该过程与微生物以EPS形式储存的活性物质紧密联系.基于此,对比分析滴滤池稳定运行周期内生物膜结构、EPS组分及其官能团的变化特征,探讨了EPS的应激机制同微生物活性维持与恢复的关联.结果表明,间歇断流下滴滤池的COD、NH4+-N去除率分别达95.56%±1.10%、87.06%±2.08%;受EPS影响,生物膜呈松散孔隙/紧密堆积的形貌结构;微生物在断流期转化SB-EPS内吸附的碳源与LB-EPS内储存的多糖为营养物质,并依靠EPS内疏水基团与架桥作用维护稳定结构,形成了EPS适应饥饿交替的应激机制,进而维持了滴滤池的稳定运行.

生物滴滤池  /  间歇断流  /  生物膜结构  /  胞外聚合物  /  应激机制

The adaptive resilience of microorganisms is crucial for maintaining the stable operation of Biotrickling filters under intermittent flow interruption. This process is intrinsically related to the ability of microorganism to store active substances as Extracellular Polymeric Substances(EPS). To elucidate this mechanism, a comparative analysis was conducted on biofilm structural characteristics, EPS compositional variations, and functional group transformations during an operation cycle of Biotrickling filters. The correlation between EPS-mediated stress response mechanisms and microbial activity maintenance/recovery was investigated. The results revealed that the removal of COD and NH4+-N reached(95.56±1.10)% and(87.06±2.08)% respectively in the biotrickling filter operated under intermittent flow. Under the regulation of EPS, the biofilm showed a loose and porous structure. During flow interruption phases, microorganisms activated starvation adaptation strategies by converting carbon sources adsorbed in SB-EPS and metabolizing polysaccharides stored in SB-EPS. The structure integrity of microorganisms was maintained via synergistic effects of hydrophobic functional groups within EPS and polymer bridging interactions. Accordingly, an EPS-mediated stress adaptation system responsive to starvation-recovery alternations was established, enabling sustainable operation of Biotrickling filters.

biotrickling filter  /  intermittent flow interruption  /  biofilm structure  /  extracellular polymeric substances  /  stress mechanism
李亚娇, 蒋小雨, 池玉蕾, 张彬鸿, 任武昂, 丁晓倩, 鞠恺, 金鹏康. 农村污水间歇断流下滴滤池效能维持及微生物胞外应激机制. 中国环境科学, 2025 , 45 (5) : 2434 -2442 .
Ya-jiao LI, Xiao-yu JIANG, Yu-lei CHI, Bin-hong ZHANG, Wu-ang REN, Xiao-qian DING, Kai JU, Peng-kang JIN. Sustaining bioreactor efficacy in rural wastewater treatment under intermittent flow interruption: Elucidating microbial EPS-mediated stress adaptation mechanisms[J]. China Environmental Science, 2025 , 45 (5) : 2434 -2442 .
现有农村污水处理设施多是参考城市污水处理厂的活性污泥法及其变种的AO、AAO工艺[1-2],其稳定运行的关键是系统内活性污泥数量.农村污水具有非连续排放特征[3],导致活性污泥法系统受到冲击造成污泥流失甚至影响二沉池出水[4-5],为活性污泥法工艺处理农村污水带来了困难.滴滤池的抗冲击负荷性能与自然通风方式使其能较好适应农村污水排放特征,同时满足方便运维需求[6-7].但由于农村污水在夜间常处于断流状态[8],采用滴滤池处理时,其内部微生物往往处于饥饿交替环境[9].滴滤池内微生物对环境变化的适应能力,能够缓解间歇断流对其造成的负面冲击[10-11].因此,在间歇断流生物膜内微生物固定生长[12],大量胞外聚合物(EPS)包裹在微生物表面[13],EPS由微生物代谢和吸附环境有机物产生,是微生物聚集体的重要组成部分[14].EPS为微生物生长代谢提供稳定的微环境[15],有助于微生物聚集生长、适应环境变化.因此,间歇断流状态下微生物活性的维持与快速恢复机制与EPS的响应特征息息相关.
EPS结构上分为紧密附着层(TB-EPS)、外层疏松层(LB-EPS)和粘液层EPS(SB-EPS)[16-17],其组分构成丰富[18],同时具有吸附特性[19-20],可以吸附外界碳源;EPS内多种官能团使其具有亲疏水两性特征[21],进而影响微生物结构稳定性.间歇断流对微生物聚集体产生明显冲击,使其形貌结构发生变化,同时对EPS的组分功能产生影响.但饥饿交替下微生物对于EPS转化利用途径及EPS的应激机制同微生物活性维持与结构稳定的关联还不明确.
为探明间歇断流下滴滤池微生物活性维持与快速恢复机制,本研究建立滴滤池反应器,以水质指标考察滴滤池污染物去除特征;利用扫描电镜(SEM)解析其内部生物膜表观特性;对比分析滴滤池运行周期内EPS组分变化特征,以此探明饥饿交替下EPS应激响应机制;采用X射线光电子能谱(XPS)分析生物膜亲疏水性,考量微生物结构稳定性.综合分析间歇断流下EPS应激响应特征,探明生物膜内微生物活性维持与快速恢复机制.
结合自然通风特点构建滴滤池装置反应器如图1所示,反应器主体为圆柱形,直径10cm,总高度135cm,内部共9层,每层层高15cm.反应器内共设置6层填料,有效容积为7.07L.污水经顶端布水进入反应器,依次经过布水层、4层填料层、2层通风层、2层填料层,最终由底部出水.反应器进水过程中,填料1、5层为好氧层,2、3、4、6层为缺氧层.填料层采用生物陶粒填充,通风层采用塑料空心球填充.
实验用水模拟农村生活污水,碳源由无水乙酸钠及尿素提供,磷源由磷酸二氢钾提供,氮源由硫酸铵及尿素提供.主要污染物指标浓度为:化学需氧量(COD):250~320mg/L,总磷(TP):2.5~3.5mg/L,总氮(TN):28~35mg/L,氨氮(NH4+-N):17~22mg/L.
滴滤池采用接种活性污泥的方法[22-23],接种污泥取自西安科技大学污水处理站中AAO好氧池,污泥浓度为6000mg/L,污泥接种量为4gVSS/kg填料,进水阶段流量为4.93mL/min.
污水水样采自滴滤池反应器进水及底部出水,在运行阶段进行1d/次采样测定.实验中COD、NH4+-N、TP、TN、硝酸盐氮(NO3--N)、亚硝态氮(NO2--N)等常规指标均采用《水和废水监测分析方法》(第四版)测定[24]. MLSS、VSS采用烘干重量法测定.
生物膜形貌采用JSM-7000F场发射扫面电镜进行观测,样品预处理过程入下:将附着生物膜的陶粒用蒸馏水反复冲洗,清除表面杂质,加入2.5%戊二醛(pH值7.4)浸没陶粒并在4℃冰箱固定过夜,陶粒用PBS缓冲溶液冲洗3次,10min/次,再依次采用30%、50%、70%、85%、95%、100%的乙醇进行脱水处理,15min/次,待样品干燥后喷金镀膜观察.
EPS样品按照设定的时间节点对填料层进行分层采样分析,时间节点为进水2h(进水初期)、进水12h(进水末端)、断流2h(断流初期)、断流12h(断流末端). EPS样品采集自系统调试运行稳定后.
EPS提取采用加热法[25-26],具体过程如下:在反应器内取陶粒50mL,采用蒸馏水浸泡冲洗杂质,超声20min,制得生物膜溶液.将生物膜溶液定容50mL,超声5min,离心4000r/min,15min,取上清液过0.45μm滤膜得到SB-EPS;剩余物质加入70℃蒸馏水定容50mL,超声1min,离心6000r/min,15min,取上清液过0.45μm滤膜得到LB-EPS;剩余物质加入蒸馏水定容50mL后放入离心机9000r/min,20min,取上清液经0.45μm滤膜过滤得到TB-EPS.实验对EPS中的多糖、蛋白质、腐殖质进行检测分析.多糖含量采用硫酸-蒽酮法定量,蛋白质和腐殖质采用修正的Folin-Lowry法测定.
EPS官能团检测采用X射线光电子能谱仪(美国Thermo Fisher Scientific K-Alpha)进行测试,测试前将EPS样品置于-80℃冰箱冷冻48h,使用冷冻干燥机冷干处理,测试结果采用使用Thermo avantage软件分析.
滴滤池反应器共经历3个阶段调整:阶段一(1~10d,连续进水24h),连续流下反应器成功挂膜启动并稳定运行;阶段二(11~20d,进水12h断流12h),间歇断流下反应器适应恢复并稳定运行;阶段三:间歇进水+回流(21~38d,进水12h断流12h,回流比:1:1),间歇断流下反应器达到良好的运行状态及处理效果.其运行效果如图2所示.
总体而言,运行后期反应器COD与TP出水浓度能够分别稳定在18和0.5mg/L以下,去除率达到95.56%±1.10%、87.06%±2.08%.针对氮的去除效果而言,随反应器运行调整,TN出水浓度逐渐降至(10.98±1.92)mg/L,NH4+-N的去除率由65%以上提升至85%以上,NO3--N出水浓度由15mg/L以下稳定至8mg/L左右.
分析系统总氮去除效果变化原因,第一阶段连续进水下,进水溶氧使反应器内好氧空间较大,硝化反应正常进行,但反硝化过程不充分,造成NO3--N去除效果不理想;第二阶段间歇进水下,周期内反应器进水总负荷降低,同时断流使缺氧菌生存环境扩大,有利于反硝化,但反应器内微生物需要适应恢复,氮的去除效果仍需优化;第三阶段增加回流后,一方面反应器进水冲击负荷降低,同时加快了反应器内生物膜的更新[27],有利于维持生物膜较好的活性,这使得反应器运行效能更加稳定;另一方面,回流液的硝酸盐氮具有更长的填料流经时间,这增加了水中硝酸盐氮与缺氧段填料的接触机会,强化了反硝化脱氮过程[28].
综上滴滤池对污水水量波动的适应性良好,即使在持续断流下也能稳定维持污染物去除效果,这可能是因为微生物EPS的变化对其活性维持有影响.因此,本研究进一步对生物膜形貌及其EPS组分解析,以期揭示滴滤池系统在间歇断流状态下的稳定运行机理.
间歇断流对微生物聚集生长的生物膜有明显冲击,实验对系统第三阶段运行稳定后进水/断流期填料生物膜进行SEM检测.滴滤池内填料生物膜形貌结构如图3所示.
在进水阶段,生物膜表面呈现出明显的孔隙结构,内部交错相连,形貌松散复杂,生物膜内存在大量的EPS,少量菌群暴露在生物膜表面,相对于进水阶段,断流阶段生物膜呈现较为光滑的表面结构,内部呈现堆积状,形貌紧密平实,其内仍然可以观察到EPS的存在,但有明显菌群暴露在生物膜表面;进水阶段时,基质充足下微生物生长活跃,其新陈代谢产生大量EPS,生物膜内EPS的复杂结构为微生物形成聚集体提供了稳定微环境,但受进水冲击影响,生物膜表面较为疏松,断流阶段微生物进入饥饿状态,大量低活性微生物死亡,EPS发生改变使得微生物聚集能力降低[29],出现菌群明显暴露情况,为度过饥饿时期,生物膜结构变得紧密平实.
综上,滴滤池生物膜的稳定存在保证了系统的运行效能,其形貌结构随运行周期呈现为进水期松散复杂的孔隙结构,断流期紧密光滑的堆积结构,这一变化与其内部EPS相关.
为解析微生物对SB-EPS中碳源的转化利用机制,本研究选取典型周期内进水初期(进水2h)、进水末端(进水12h)、断流初期(断流2h)、断流末端(断流12h)4个时段,对微生物胞外SB-EPS中有机物的浓度进行对比.滴滤池内微生物SB-EPS的COD浓度变化如图4所示.
进水/断流期间,SB-EPS内COD浓度均呈现初期上升,末端下降趋势.进水使反应器内碳源充足,进水初期SB-EPS吸附大量碳源作为微生物营养,EPS形成缓冲带[30]帮助微生物适应环境变化,随进水时间增加,微生物逐渐适应外部环境,并大量消耗SB-EPS吸附碳源进行生长繁殖,微生物活性逐渐恢复并维持稳定.断流初期基质减少使EPS出现应激效应,微生物大量吸收剩余基质将其储存在EPS内,伴随细胞裂解,微生物胞内物质流失到EPS内,SB-EPS内再次吸附大量碳源,而随断流时间增加,内源呼吸期的微生物通过大量利用SB-EPS内的碳源维持自身活性,SB-EPS内碳源被微生物消耗至较低水平.
综上,断流期间饥饿状态的微生物通过转化SB-EPS内赋存的碳源以维持其生长活性,这一反应会同步引起其EPS的组分变化进而影响微生物活性及结构稳定性.
EPS总含量变化如图5(a)所示.在进水阶段,LB-EPS含量保持稳定,TB-EPS含量明显上升,微生物通过吸收进水基质大量产生TB-EPS为其储能并搭建稳定环境;断流阶段LB-EPS含量大幅上升,TB-EPS总含量减少,微生物在基质逐渐匮乏的环境中产生应激响应,断流初期微生物大量死亡,但裂解物质仍然被包裹在EPS内,供微生物在饥饿状态下维持活性,同时断流下的TB-EPS的稳定维持也为微生物提供了生长的稳定空间.
EPS由多种组分构成,多糖与蛋白质是其主要成分,其中多糖可以作为微生物的营养物质,而蛋白质对微生物的聚集稳定性具有重要作用.EPS内多糖(EPS-PS)变化如图5(b)所示.在进水期间,好氧层(1、5层)EPS-PS含量少于缺氧层(2、3、4、6层),缺氧层TB-EPS内多糖(TB-PS)含量大幅增加;进水携氧气与基质的进入反应器内,微生物大量繁殖,其中好氧菌生长活跃,多糖作为营养物质被大量消耗,多糖储存少,而缺氧反应受环境抑制,兼性菌对多糖的消耗少,储存多.在断流初期,好氧层EPS-PS含量稳定,缺氧层LB-PS含量明显上升、TB-PS含量大量减少;进水溶氧消失利于缺氧菌生长,微生物大量吸收剩余基质进行储存,但随基质减少微生物大量死亡,TB-EPS随细胞裂解减少,胞内物质流失储存于LB-EPS内.在断流末期,反应器LB-PS含量呈现1~4层减少,5~6层大幅增加,TB-PS含量维持稳定;基质匮乏后微生物仅能通过利用LB-PS作为维持活性的营养来源,而反应器推流式运行特点使其随层位产生物质积累,末端多糖含量上升[31].
不同时段EPS内蛋白质变化如图5(b)所示,在进水/断流期间,LB-EPS内蛋白质(LB-PN)含量均呈初期上升,末端下降趋势,TB-EPS蛋白质(TB-PN)含量变化则与之相反.初期进水冲击使部分微生物裂解造成物质流失,TB-EPS随之减少,蛋白质随细胞裂解由胞内扩散至胞外储存于LB-EPS内,持续进水使微生物逐渐适应并大量繁殖,微生物分泌大量蛋白质至胞外TB-EPS,利用蛋白质的疏水性[32]帮助微生物大量聚集,形成稳定生长结构;断流初期基质骤减,大量微生物裂解,胞内物质流散存储于LB-EPS内,TB-EPS也随之减少,随断流时间增加,饥饿状态下微生物转化胞外物质作为营养维持基本活性,LB-PN被微生物大量利用,同时微生物为保证持续存活并减少物质流失,分泌大量蛋白运输至TB-EPS内,形成相对疏水的微环境.
微生物在进水阶段囤积物质储存于EPS内,随后在断流期间依靠EPS继续生长,断流期间LB-PS为微生物提供了维持活性的营养条件,进水期间TB-PN帮助微生物稳定了结构.
EPS内多种功能性官能团对微生物聚集体的形成有促进或抑制效果[33-34],是微生物结构稳定的重要保障,EPS内C、O元素的分峰结果如图6所示.在各时段内,LB-EPS与TB-EPS中与C结合的主要官能团包括:C-(C/H),其主要来源于脂类、蛋白质等大分子物质的侧链烃基类;C-(O/N),主要来自蛋白质和多糖中醇类、酰胺键等;O-C-O(C=O),主要出现在酰胺键、羧基、羰基和半缩醛等化合物中;O-C=O;其包括O-C=OH和O-C=OR,主要分布于羧化物和糖醛酸等物质的羧基与脂键中.与O结合的主要官能团包括:来自于羧酸盐、羰基或酰胺等物质内的O=C,源于醇类、缩醛或半缩醛内的HOC(C-O-C).
EPS内与C、O结合的主要官能团占比如表1所示.与C结合的官能团中进水与断流阶段均呈现出C-(C/H)占比最高,占比在44%~59%之间,具有疏水性,是EPS内主要的疏水性C,存在于EPS蛋白质中的长链疏水基团可以与微生物细胞形成疏水作用,有利于微生物聚集[35];与O结合的官能团中HOC/C-O-C占比最高,占比在70%以上,且与C结合官能团中来自蛋白质和多糖C-(O/N)占比仅次于C-(C/H),因此EPS内可能存在大量-OH,带负电的-OH与O-C=O-基团可以为金属离子提供架桥结合位点[36],形成离子架桥作用,增强细菌的聚集能力;同时胞外多糖分布于聚集体整个空间内,为多糖支链上多种基团增大了结合位点的暴露空间[37],加快了微生物细胞粘附聚集.
XPS测试结果显示间歇断流下反应器呈现出疏水基团为主离子架桥为辅的聚集作用,而这一机理与污泥性状稳定的活性污泥不同.Qiang等[38]发现在食物充足条件下,活性污泥EPS中C-(C/H)与C-(O/N)占比分别为42.90%,37.20%,含量相当,说明维持活性污泥聚集形态的主要原因是EPS的疏水基团与离子架桥共同作用;Feng[39]等对处于内源呼吸阶段的活性污泥EPS进行XPS检测,结果显示EPS中C-(O/N)占比高达58.70%,C-(C/H)仅占21.2%,明显少于饱食条件下C-(C/H)占比,表明该阶段疏水基团作用微弱,离子架桥作用在活性污泥聚集中占主导地位.然而,饥饿状态下活性污泥EPS大量的亲水基团的存在会造成活性污泥工艺泥水分离困难,不利于其系统稳定运行,这也是活性污泥法在应对农村污水水量波动大时处理效果不稳定的原因.
相对于活性污泥法,滴滤池生物膜EPS在进水/断流下均展现出较高的C-(C/H)占比,其在间歇断流条件下依然存在大量疏水官能团,促使其聚集状态保持稳定,这为微生物生长提供了稳定环境,有利于其结构稳定性,使滴滤池能更好的适应进水冲击与持续断流,保证了系统运行的稳定性和高效性.
3.1 滴滤池在间歇断流工况下能够稳定运行,COD与TP去除率分别稳定为95.56%±1.10%和87.06%±2.08%,NH4+-N与TN出水浓度分别维持在(2.94+0.76)和(10.98±1.92)mg/L,反应器内微生物能够适应并恢复;系统内生物膜进水期间呈现疏松的孔隙结构,断流期间呈现紧密的堆积结构,生物膜形貌结构变化与EPS相关.
3.2 断流和恢复进水对生物膜产生冲击时,EPS组分的赋存和转化利用对微生物活性与生物膜结构影响显著;断流期间以EPS中多糖为营养基质的生化活动,以及进水期间利用胞外蛋白质维持生物膜稳定结构,是EPS产生应激响应机制的关键.
3.3 进水/断流交替下,EPS内官能团的疏水性及离子架桥作用促进生物膜稳定结构的维持,滴滤池生物膜EPS比活性污泥EPS具有更益于稳定污水处理效果的微生物聚集能力.
  • 国家自然科学基金项目(52370101)
  • 中国联合工程有限公司青年基金项目(QNJJ-PY-2022-27)
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2025年第45卷第5期
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  • 接收时间:2024-10-19
  • 首发时间:2026-03-18
  • 出版时间:2025-05-20
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  • 收稿日期:2024-10-19
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国家自然科学基金项目(52370101)
中国联合工程有限公司青年基金项目(QNJJ-PY-2022-27)
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    1.西安科技大学建筑与土木工程学院,陕西 西安 710054
    2.中联西北工程设计研究院有限公司,陕西 西安 710076
    3.西安交通大学人居环境与建筑工程学院;陕西 西安 710049

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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