Article(id=1241057212194410683, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1234093305789726721, issueId=1241057209744945780, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=null, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1729440000000, receivedDateStr=2024-10-21, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1773820697114, onlineDateStr=2026-03-18, pubDate=1747670400000, pubDateStr=2025-05-20, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1773820697114, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-18, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1773820697114, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773820697114, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1241057209744945780, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1234093305789726721, year='2025', volume='45', issue='5', pageStart='2369', pageEnd='2960', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1773820696530, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773820837005, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1241057798994325889, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1234093305789726721, issueId=1241057209744945780, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1241057798994325890, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1234093305789726721, issueId=1241057209744945780, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=2941, endPage=2951, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1241057212492206271, articleId=1241057212194410683, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1234093305789726721, language=EN, title=The impact mechanism and spatial spillover effect of new quality productivity on green innovation efficiencyEmpirical evidence from 284 cities at or above the prefecture level in China., columnId=1234106417825772207, journalTitle=China Environmental Science, columnName=Environmental Impact Assessment and Management, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Based on panel data of 284 cities at or above the prefecture level in China from 2012 to 2022, this paper studied the impact of new quality productivity on green innovation efficiency and the moderating effect of urbanization in this process by using fixed effect model, moderating effect model and general nesting spatial model. It was found that:(1)New quality productivity was confirmed to significantly enhance green innovation efficiency, a conclusion that still held after a series of robustness tests.(2)The promoting effect of new quality productivity on green innovation efficiency was most significant in the eastern region, followed by the central region, while no significant impact was observed in the western region.(3)Urbanization played a positive moderating role in the process of new quality productivity promoting green innovation efficiency.(4)New quality productivity was shown to generate positive spatial spillover effect that effectively improved green innovation efficiency of neighboring regions. Therefore, it was recommended to actively cultivate new quality productivity, optimize the innovation environment according to regional characteristics, vigorously promote the green urbanization process, and establish efficient regional cooperation mechanism to fully unleash the potential of new quality productivity and accelerate the green transformation of the economy and society.

, correspAuthors=Wei-xiang XU, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Rou-gang SHI, Wei-xiang XU), CN=ArticleExt(id=1241057213997961452, articleId=1241057212194410683, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1234093305789726721, language=CN, title=新质生产力对绿色创新效率的影响机制与空间溢出效应——来自中国284个地级及以上城市的经验证据, columnId=1234106419604157142, journalTitle=中国环境科学, columnName=环境影响评价与管理, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

基于中国2012~2022年284个地级及以上城市面板数据,利用固定效应模型、调节效应模型和广义嵌套空间模型,研究新质生产力对绿色创新效率的影响及城镇化在这一过程中所发挥的调节作用.结果表明:(1)新质生产力能显著提升绿色创新效率,该结论在一系列稳健性检验后仍然成立.(2)新质生产力对绿色创新效率的促进作用在东部地区最为显著,中部地区次之,西部地区尚不明显.(3)城镇化在新质生产力提升绿色创新效率的过程中发挥着积极的调节作用.(4)新质生产力能够产生正向的空间溢出效应,有效提升邻近地区的绿色创新效率.因此,建议积极培育新质生产力,因地制宜优化创新环境,大力推进绿色城镇化进程,构建高效的区域合作机制,以充分激发新质生产力的潜能,加快经济社会绿色转型.

, correspAuthors=徐维祥, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
* 责任作者,教授,
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石柔刚(1998-),女,浙江杭州人,浙江工业大学硕士研究生,主要从事区域经济与可持续发展研究.发表论文2篇..

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石柔刚(1998-),女,浙江杭州人,浙江工业大学硕士研究生,主要从事区域经济与可持续发展研究.发表论文2篇..

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石柔刚(1998-),女,浙江杭州人,浙江工业大学硕士研究生,主要从事区域经济与可持续发展研究.发表论文2篇..

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Research on the impact of new quality productive forces on high-quality development of OFDI: theoretical logic and empirical evidence [J]. Inquiry into Economic Issues2024,(12):103-121., articleTitle=Research on the impact of new quality productive forces on high-quality development of OFDI: theoretical logic and empirical evidence, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241057231806976666, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1234093305789726721, articleId=1241057212194410683, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2009, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[43], rfOrder=77, authorNames=LeSage J, Pace R K, journalName=Introduction to spatial econometrics, refType=null, unstructuredReference=LeSage JPace R K. Introduction to spatial econometrics[M]. Boca Raton: CRC Press,2009., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1241057218246791726, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1234093305789726721, articleId=1241057212194410683, awardId=18ZDA045, language=CN, fundingSource=国家社会科学基金重大项目(18ZDA045), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1241057214316728576, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1234093305789726721, articleId=1241057212194410683, xref=1., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241057214337700099, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1234093305789726721, articleId=1241057212194410683, companyId=1241057214316728576, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.School of Economics, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310023, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241057214354477315, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1234093305789726721, articleId=1241057212194410683, companyId=1241057214316728576, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.浙江工业大学经济学院,浙江 杭州 310023)]), AuthorCompany(id=1241057214446752005, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1234093305789726721, articleId=1241057212194410683, xref=2., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241057214459334919, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1234093305789726721, articleId=1241057212194410683, companyId=1241057214446752005, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.Institute for Industrial System Modernization, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310023, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241057214471917833, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1234093305789726721, articleId=1241057212194410683, companyId=1241057214446752005, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.浙江工业大学现代化产业体系研究院,浙江 杭州 310023)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1241057216288051590, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1234093305789726721, articleId=1241057212194410683, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=Parallel trend test chart, figureFileSmall=Wsy/gOLDZBvY/EnKKs3taQ==, figureFileBig=4npgLYFxOXFGFKYNrniVVQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241057216409686416, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1234093305789726721, articleId=1241057212194410683, language=CN, label=图1, caption=平行趋势检验, figureFileSmall=Wsy/gOLDZBvY/EnKKs3taQ==, figureFileBig=4npgLYFxOXFGFKYNrniVVQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241057216678121889, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1234093305789726721, articleId=1241057212194410683, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Evaluation index system for green innovation efficiency

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一级指标二级指标变量选取
投入指标人力投入R&D人员全时当量(人/a)
资金投入R&D经费(万元)
能源投入电力消费量(万kW·h)
期望产出技术产出绿色专利申请数(项)
经济效益新产品销售收入(万元)
生态效益人均公园绿地面积(m2
非期望产出大气污染二氧化硫排放总量(t)
水污染废水排放总量(t)
固体废弃物污染一般工业固体废物产生量(万t)
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绿色创新效率评价指标体系

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
一级指标二级指标变量选取
投入指标人力投入R&D人员全时当量(人/a)
资金投入R&D经费(万元)
能源投入电力消费量(万kW·h)
期望产出技术产出绿色专利申请数(项)
经济效益新产品销售收入(万元)
生态效益人均公园绿地面积(m2
非期望产出大气污染二氧化硫排放总量(t)
水污染废水排放总量(t)
固体废弃物污染一般工业固体废物产生量(万t)
), ArticleFig(id=1241057216862671285, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1234093305789726721, articleId=1241057212194410683, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Evaluation index system for new quality productivity

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一级指标二级指标变量选取权重
新劳动者新兴产业员工数量战略性新兴产业和未来产业上市公司的总员工数(人)0.253
员工个人能力在岗职工平均工资(元)0.031
人力资本结构普通高等学校毕业生数与6岁及以上人口数的比值(%)0.128
新劳动资料生产工具机器人安装密度(台/百万人)0.050
基础设施电信业务总量(亿元)0.076
科研投入科研支出与地方财政支出的比值(%)0.104
新劳动对象新技术数字经济专利授权数(项)0.064
人工智能企业数(个)0.259
新要素数据要素利用水平0.034
), ArticleFig(id=1241057216975917504, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1234093305789726721, articleId=1241057212194410683, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

新质生产力评价指标体系

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
一级指标二级指标变量选取权重
新劳动者新兴产业员工数量战略性新兴产业和未来产业上市公司的总员工数(人)0.253
员工个人能力在岗职工平均工资(元)0.031
人力资本结构普通高等学校毕业生数与6岁及以上人口数的比值(%)0.128
新劳动资料生产工具机器人安装密度(台/百万人)0.050
基础设施电信业务总量(亿元)0.076
科研投入科研支出与地方财政支出的比值(%)0.104
新劳动对象新技术数字经济专利授权数(项)0.064
人工智能企业数(个)0.259
新要素数据要素利用水平0.034
), ArticleFig(id=1241057217126912463, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1234093305789726721, articleId=1241057212194410683, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Descriptive statistics

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变量均值标准差最小值最大值
Gie0.3350.1280.1031.177
Newp0.0600.0550.0030.627
Urb0.5560.1510.1820.913
Pgdp10.6470.5968.57613.056
Upg0.4190.1010.1020.839
Gov10.1930.7657.10613.635
Fin16.3441.15413.28420.420
), ArticleFig(id=1241057217227575772, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1234093305789726721, articleId=1241057212194410683, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

描述性统计

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量均值标准差最小值最大值
Gie0.3350.1280.1031.177
Newp0.0600.0550.0030.627
Urb0.5560.1510.1820.913
Pgdp10.6470.5968.57613.056
Upg0.4190.1010.1020.839
Gov10.1930.7657.10613.635
Fin16.3441.15413.28420.420
), ArticleFig(id=1241057217332433383, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1234093305789726721, articleId=1241057212194410683, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Benchmark regression and heterogeneity results

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变量全国东部地区中部地区西部地区
(1)(2)(3)(4)
Newp0.414***0.506***0.109***0.075
(0.084)(0.107)(0.025)(0.210)
Pgdp0.019*0.0220.0020.015
(0.011)(0.020)(0.020)(0.021)
Upg0.356***0.221**0.235***0.019
(0.118)(0.101)(0.085)(0.073)
Gov0.0130.048**0.0020.002
(0.015)(0.023)(0.031)(0.026)
Fin0.012*0.0100.0030.007
(0.007)(0.016)(0.011)(0.014)
Cons0.642***0.771**0.2930.220
(0.171)(0.323)(0.301)(0.310)
N312411001100924
R20.1170.1700.0780.026
CityYesYesYesYes
YearYesYesYesYes
), ArticleFig(id=1241057217571508719, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1234093305789726721, articleId=1241057212194410683, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

基准回归及异质性结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量全国东部地区中部地区西部地区
(1)(2)(3)(4)
Newp0.414***0.506***0.109***0.075
(0.084)(0.107)(0.025)(0.210)
Pgdp0.019*0.0220.0020.015
(0.011)(0.020)(0.020)(0.021)
Upg0.356***0.221**0.235***0.019
(0.118)(0.101)(0.085)(0.073)
Gov0.0130.048**0.0020.002
(0.015)(0.023)(0.031)(0.026)
Fin0.012*0.0100.0030.007
(0.007)(0.016)(0.011)(0.014)
Cons0.642***0.771**0.2930.220
(0.171)(0.323)(0.301)(0.310)
N312411001100924
R20.1170.1700.0780.026
CityYesYesYesYes
YearYesYesYesYes
), ArticleFig(id=1241057217688949242, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1234093305789726721, articleId=1241057212194410683, language=EN, label=Table 5, caption=

Results of endogeneity test, robustness tests and moderating effect test

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变量Gie
(1)(2)(3)(4)(5)
Newp0.956***0.018***0.338***0.262***
(0.222)(0.004)(0.103)(0.068)
Ipcpost0.252***
(0.032)
Newp×Urb1.043***
(0.230)
Urb0.067*
(0.039)
Cons0.362***2.855***0.657***0.640***0.899**
(0.122)(0.449)(0.171)(0.166)(0.376)
N31243124312431243124
R20.6130.5280.1070.1240.113
ControlsYesYesYesYesYes
CityYesYesYesYesYes
YearYesYesYesYesYes
), ArticleFig(id=1241057217785418245, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1234093305789726721, articleId=1241057212194410683, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

内生性检验、稳健性检验与调节效应检验结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量Gie
(1)(2)(3)(4)(5)
Newp0.956***0.018***0.338***0.262***
(0.222)(0.004)(0.103)(0.068)
Ipcpost0.252***
(0.032)
Newp×Urb1.043***
(0.230)
Urb0.067*
(0.039)
Cons0.362***2.855***0.657***0.640***0.899**
(0.122)(0.449)(0.171)(0.166)(0.376)
N31243124312431243124
R20.6130.5280.1070.1240.113
ControlsYesYesYesYesYes
CityYesYesYesYesYes
YearYesYesYesYesYes
), ArticleFig(id=1241057217881887247, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1234093305789726721, articleId=1241057212194410683, language=EN, label=Table 6, caption=

Regression results of spatial econometrics

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量SDM直接效应SDM间接效应SDM总效应SEM
W01W01W01Winv2Wed
Newp0.392***0.277*0.669***0.428**0.417**
(0.084)(0.157)(0.178)(0.186)(0.185)
Rho0.142***0.142***0.142***
(0.026)(0.026)(0.026)
Lambda0.313***0.268***
(0.067)(0.065)
Sigma2_e0.005***0.005***0.005***0.005***0.005***
(0.000)(0.000)(0.000)(0.001)(0.001)
N31243124312431243124
R20.0140.0140.0140.0470.030
CityYesYesYesYesYes
YearYesYesYesYesYes
), ArticleFig(id=1241057218062242330, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1234093305789726721, articleId=1241057212194410683, language=CN, label=表6, caption=

空间计量回归结果

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变量SDM直接效应SDM间接效应SDM总效应SEM
W01W01W01Winv2Wed
Newp0.392***0.277*0.669***0.428**0.417**
(0.084)(0.157)(0.178)(0.186)(0.185)
Rho0.142***0.142***0.142***
(0.026)(0.026)(0.026)
Lambda0.313***0.268***
(0.067)(0.065)
Sigma2_e0.005***0.005***0.005***0.005***0.005***
(0.000)(0.000)(0.000)(0.001)(0.001)
N31243124312431243124
R20.0140.0140.0140.0470.030
CityYesYesYesYesYes
YearYesYesYesYesYes
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新质生产力对绿色创新效率的影响机制与空间溢出效应——来自中国284个地级及以上城市的经验证据
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石柔刚 1, 2 , 徐维祥 1, 2, *
中国环境科学 | 环境影响评价与管理 2025,45(5): 2941-2951
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中国环境科学 | 环境影响评价与管理 2025, 45(5): 2941-2951
新质生产力对绿色创新效率的影响机制与空间溢出效应——来自中国284个地级及以上城市的经验证据
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石柔刚1, 2 , 徐维祥1, 2, *
作者信息
  • 1.浙江工业大学经济学院,浙江 杭州 310023
  • 2.浙江工业大学现代化产业体系研究院,浙江 杭州 310023
  • 石柔刚(1998-),女,浙江杭州人,浙江工业大学硕士研究生,主要从事区域经济与可持续发展研究.发表论文2篇..

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* 责任作者,教授,
The impact mechanism and spatial spillover effect of new quality productivity on green innovation efficiencyEmpirical evidence from 284 cities at or above the prefecture level in China.
Rou-gang SHI1, 2 , Wei-xiang XU1, 2, *
Affiliations
  • 1.School of Economics, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310023, China
  • 2.Institute for Industrial System Modernization, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310023, China
出版时间: 2025-05-20
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基于中国2012~2022年284个地级及以上城市面板数据,利用固定效应模型、调节效应模型和广义嵌套空间模型,研究新质生产力对绿色创新效率的影响及城镇化在这一过程中所发挥的调节作用.结果表明:(1)新质生产力能显著提升绿色创新效率,该结论在一系列稳健性检验后仍然成立.(2)新质生产力对绿色创新效率的促进作用在东部地区最为显著,中部地区次之,西部地区尚不明显.(3)城镇化在新质生产力提升绿色创新效率的过程中发挥着积极的调节作用.(4)新质生产力能够产生正向的空间溢出效应,有效提升邻近地区的绿色创新效率.因此,建议积极培育新质生产力,因地制宜优化创新环境,大力推进绿色城镇化进程,构建高效的区域合作机制,以充分激发新质生产力的潜能,加快经济社会绿色转型.

新质生产力  /  绿色创新效率  /  城镇化  /  调节效应  /  空间溢出

Based on panel data of 284 cities at or above the prefecture level in China from 2012 to 2022, this paper studied the impact of new quality productivity on green innovation efficiency and the moderating effect of urbanization in this process by using fixed effect model, moderating effect model and general nesting spatial model. It was found that:(1)New quality productivity was confirmed to significantly enhance green innovation efficiency, a conclusion that still held after a series of robustness tests.(2)The promoting effect of new quality productivity on green innovation efficiency was most significant in the eastern region, followed by the central region, while no significant impact was observed in the western region.(3)Urbanization played a positive moderating role in the process of new quality productivity promoting green innovation efficiency.(4)New quality productivity was shown to generate positive spatial spillover effect that effectively improved green innovation efficiency of neighboring regions. Therefore, it was recommended to actively cultivate new quality productivity, optimize the innovation environment according to regional characteristics, vigorously promote the green urbanization process, and establish efficient regional cooperation mechanism to fully unleash the potential of new quality productivity and accelerate the green transformation of the economy and society.

new quality productivity  /  green innovation efficiency  /  urbanization  /  moderating effect  /  spatial spillover
石柔刚, 徐维祥. 新质生产力对绿色创新效率的影响机制与空间溢出效应——来自中国284个地级及以上城市的经验证据. 中国环境科学, 2025 , 45 (5) : 2941 -2951 .
Rou-gang SHI, Wei-xiang XU. The impact mechanism and spatial spillover effect of new quality productivity on green innovation efficiencyEmpirical evidence from 284 cities at or above the prefecture level in China.[J]. China Environmental Science, 2025 , 45 (5) : 2941 -2951 .
自改革开放政策实施以来,工业化的迅猛发展带动了中国经济的快速增长,同时,随之而来的生态系统破坏、能源消耗过度与资源利用效率低下等问题也成为制约经济社会发展的瓶颈.绿色创新,作为国家战略中的关键交汇点,不仅体现了创新驱动与绿色发展两大战略的深度融合,更是助推经济与环境协调发展的重要力量.面对传统生产方式带来的环境压力,绿色创新亟需新的动力源泉.
在新一轮科技革命和产业变革背景下,新质生产力作为驱动绿色发展的先进生产力,不仅可以推动生产方式的绿色转型,还能促进资源的高效利用和环境的持续改善,为实现经济与生态的和谐发展注入强大动力[1-2].此外,城镇化发展作为一项国家层面的重大发展举措,在新质生产力影响绿色创新效率过程中发挥的重要作用同样不容忽视.城镇化不仅是人口从农村向城市的迁移,更是经济、社会、文化和生态全面转型的过程.随着城镇化进程的推进,城市成为绿色创新的重要载体和试验田.一方面,城镇化促进了人才、资金和技术等创新要素的集聚,加快新质生产力涌现,为绿色创新效率的提升提供了有力支撑;另一方面,城镇化进程中城市基础设施的完善和生活水平的提高,为绿色技术的推广和应用创造了有利条件.可见,城镇化与新质生产力共同发挥作用,有助于加速绿色经济的发展步伐.因此,探究新质生产力与绿色创新效率之间的复杂关系,以及城镇化在其中所发挥的调节作用,具有重要的现实意义.
关于“绿色创新效率”的测度评价与影响因素,当前研究已较为成熟,而关于新质生产力在绿色化转型中的融合应用研究尚不多见.因此,深入研究新质生产力和绿色创新效率的关系显得尤为关键.梳理已有文献发现,与本研究主题密切相关的学术探讨主要聚焦于2个方面:(1)绿色创新效率的测度方式与驱动因素.部分学者主张采用非期望产出SBM模型来衡量绿色创新效率[3-4],这一方法能够综合考虑能源消耗、环境污染和经济增长等多维因素,以评估经济活动在资源利用和环境保护方面的效率.另有学者引入随机前沿分析方法,以更准确地估计绿色创新效率[5].影响因素方面,研究发现创新型城市试点[6]、绿色金融改革试验区[7]等外生政策冲击均有助于绿色创新效率的提升,也有研究揭示了资源依赖[8]、科技金融政策[9]、环境规制[10]、产业结构调整与城镇化建设[11]等因素对绿色创新效率的内在机制.(2)新质生产力的内涵、量化评估与影响效应.相关研究主要分为两条路径:第一类是定性研究,即对新质生产力的内在逻辑、指标建立和路径选择等诸多方面展开研究[12-13],一个普遍共识是:新质生产力以劳动者、劳动资料、劳动对象及其优化组合的跃升为基本内涵,是由技术革命性突破、生产要素创新性配置、产业深度转型升级而催生的先进生产力.第二类是定量研究,主要从两个方面对新质生产力展开量化评估:其一,构建指标体系量化评估新质生产力的发展现状、时序特征与空间分布格局[14];其二,实证检验新质生产力产生的经济效应、环境效应与空间溢出效应.研究发现新质生产力对经济高质量发展[15]、现代化产业体系建设[16]与城乡融合[17]均产生显著的积极影响,部分研究初步探讨了新质生产力如何赋能绿色物流[18]与自然资源高质量管理[19].随着区域一体化进程的不断深入,地区之间的经济联动性日益增强,新质生产力能够通过促进技术知识的传播[20]、激发城市间的模仿与示范效应[21],对邻近地区产生显著的空间溢出效应.
基于以上分析,本文将重点厘清以下3个主要问题:(1)新质生产力如何提升绿色创新的“含金量”与“含绿量”?(2)新质生产力对绿色创新效率的提升作用是否会受到城镇化的影响?(3)该提升作用在空间规律上又具有何种差异?本文可能的边际贡献有3点:(1)将新质生产力视为一种注重环境承载力与发展可持续性,为经济低碳转型发展赋能的绿色生产力.立足新质生产力的基本内涵,从新劳动者、新劳动资料与新劳动对象三个维度出发,深入研究新质生产力改善绿色创新效率的作用机理.(2)以城镇化为切入点,从市域尺度分析其在新质生产力对绿色创新效率影响过程中发挥的调节作用,对已有文献进行了有益补充.(3)鉴于变量之间的空间联动性,从新经济地理学的视角出发,揭示新质生产力潜在的空间溢出效应,为中国经济绿色转型提供理论支持和实践参考.
近年来,我国面临着劳动力成本持续攀升与资源环境约束日益严峻的双重挑战,传统的粗放型增长模式已难以为继.因此,推动经济发展模式向更高质量、更高效率与更强动力方向转型,实现经济增长与生态保护的协同发展,已成为国家发展的重要战略方向.2023年9月,习近平总书记在黑龙江考察时首次提出“新质生产力”这一全新概念,明确指出:“新质生产力是创新起主导作用,摆脱传统经济增长方式、生产力发展路径,具有高科技、高效能、高质量特征,符合新发展理念的先进生产力质态.”具体地,新质生产力的“新”体现在新技术与新产业的应用上,而“质”则强调高效能与高质量,在“新”和“质”层面打破了传统生产力发展面临的生态瓶颈,为实现生产力的绿色转型提供了内在动力和价值指引[2].
2024年1月,习近平总书记在中共中央政治局第十一次集体学习时强调:“绿色发展是高质量发展的底色,新质生产力本身就是绿色生产力.”这一重大判断,不仅深刻揭示了新质生产力的内在特征,也为其赋予了鲜明的生态属性[22].这一属性强调,在生产力的跃进过程中,必须遵循绿色发展理念,确保经济社会发展与生态环境保护的辩证统一.正如绿色发展与高质量发展的关系一样,绿色生产力作为新质生产力的应有之义,不仅是其追求的目标,也是赋能经济绿色低碳转型的必由之路.
绿色创新效率不仅关注经济效益的最大化,更强调在生产过程中实现资源的高效利用和可持续发展.作为先进生产力的具体发展形式,新质生产力正逐步嵌入生产流程的各个环节,通过劳动者、劳动资料与劳动对象的跃升,对绿色创新的投入与产出阶段产生积极影响,进而改善绿色创新效率[23-25].该过程可从3个维度展开分析:(1)新劳动者.与传统生产力相比,新质生产力强调的不再是单纯依赖体力劳动或传统技能的工人,而是那些具备环保意识、精通绿色技术的高素质人才.在绿色创新的投入阶段,新劳动者能够将环保理念融入生产实践,推动生产方式向更加绿色、更可持续的方向转变;在绿色创新的产出阶段,新劳动者关注期望产出的质量提升,同时致力于减少非期望产出,进而全面提升绿色产品的生态价值.(2)新劳动资料.在劳动资料层面,新质生产力涵盖了更为广泛的范畴,不仅包括了传统的生产设备,更引入了先进的环保设备与高效能源利用系统.在绿色创新的投入阶段,新质生产力通过提高生产效率,降低能耗与排放,为生产过程提供绿色技术支持;而在产出阶段,则通过节能降耗与减排治污等一系列科学手段,进一步增强了绿色产品的市场竞争力.(3)新劳动对象.在劳动对象层面,新质生产力不再局限于传统的生产要素,而是倾向于可再生、可循环利用的新型环保型材料和数据要素.在绿色创新的投入阶段,这些新劳动对象替代了传统的自然资源,降低了对环境的开采压力;在绿色创新的产出阶段,可再生资源和环保材料的应用通过资源的循环利用减少了废弃物的产生,降低了非期望产出的比例,从而提升了绿色创新的综合效益.此外,数据要素的深度挖掘与应用还在决策层面大幅提高了绿色创新的效率与精确度.值得关注的是,新质生产力对绿色创新效率的影响并非均匀分布.不同区域因其经济基础、产业结构与资源禀赋等因素的差异,对新质生产力的接受程度与适应能力各不相同.在环保意识较强、科技创新能力突出的地区,新质生产力对绿色创新效率的促进作用可能更为显著;而在经济基础薄弱、产业结构单一的地区,新质生产力的推广与应用可能面临更多的挑战.
由此,本文提出假设1:新质生产力能提升绿色创新效率,且这种提升作用可能具有区域异质性.
新质生产力作用的发挥在一定程度上取决于当地的城镇化水平,两者之间并非单向依赖关系,而是通过“需求牵引—技术供给”形成动态交互机制,为绿色创新效率的提升注入新的动力.具体而言:其一,城镇化通过集聚创新资源与优化人口结构[26-27],为新质生产力的发展提供了广阔的应用场景和市场需求,加快了新质生产力的涌现.一方面,随着城镇化率的提高,城市成为新质生产力发展的重要载体,通过吸引科研机构、高新技术企业和专业化人才集聚,为新质生产力的形成和培育提供了丰富的人力资本;另一方面,城镇化带来的中等收入群体扩张催生了对绿色技术、智能产品的多元化需求,倒逼企业加快电池技术、智能驾驶等领域的研发投入.其二,新质生产力通过要素重组与技术创新,重塑了城镇化的发展路径[28].传统的城镇化模式往往侧重于物质资源的积累与扩张,而忽视了资源的有效利用与环境的承载能力.新质生产力通过引入先进的技术手段与创新的管理理念,实现了资源的高效整合与循环利用,有效缓解了城镇化进程中的资源压力[29-30],有助于形成绿色、低碳的生产方式和生活方式.另外,新质生产力还促进了城镇化进程中不同产业之间的融合与协同发展,推动形成产业链上下游的紧密合作和资源共享,进一步提高了生产效率.
由此,本文提出假设2:城镇化在新质生产力影响绿色创新效率的过程中发挥着正向调节作用.
随着区域一体化的深入发展,地区之间的各种联系愈发紧密,一个地区的绿色创新效率可能还会受到其他地区绿色创新效率的影响,产生空间自相关关系.同时,新质生产力具有渗透性、融合性及正外部性等特征[28],使其能够突破地理界限,促进跨区域的技术交流与合作,积极影响邻近地区的绿色创新效率.鉴于此,新质生产力与绿色创新效率二者之间在空间上的关联关系值得进一步审视和探究.
具体而言,新质生产力对绿色创新效率的空间溢出效应主要体现在3个方面:(1)知识溢出与技术扩散效应.新质生产力的发展往往伴随着新的绿色理念和创新技术的诞生,当一个地区在绿色技术方面取得突破时,这些知识和技术会通过人才流动、合作研发与成果共享等机制,为邻近地区乃至更广泛的地域带来绿色发展的新动力[31].(2)产业联动效应.在绿色经济领域,新质生产力的发展会催生一批绿色战略性新兴产业,如新能源、新材料等.这些产业的快速发展将带动上下游产业链的绿色转型和创新升级[32],从而提升整个区域的绿色创新效率.(3)模仿与示范效应.当一个城市在绿色创新方面取得成功时,其政策制定和法规建设经验也会成为其他城市学习的对象.这些城市可以借鉴先进城市的做法,制定符合自身实际情况的绿色创新政策和法规,为绿色创新提供更加有力的制度保障[21].城市间的模仿与示范效应有助于形成良性竞争,推动整个区域在绿色创新方面不断取得新进展.
由此,本文提出假设3:新质生产力不仅提升了本地区的绿色创新效率,还通过空间溢出效应带动了邻近地区绿色创新效率的提升.
为验证假设1,考察新质生产力对绿色创新效率的影响,本文构建如下双向固定效应模型:
式中:i为城市,t为年份,被解释变量Gieit为绿色创新效率,Newpit为新质生产力,Xit是一组影响绿色创新效率的控制变量集合,vivt分别为城市和年份固定效应,εit为随机扰动项.
为验证假设2,本文在基准回归模型中加入新质生产力与城镇化率的交互项,通过调节效应检验,验证城镇化在新质生产力影响绿色创新效率的过程中发挥的调节作用,具体计量模型如下:
式中:Urbit为城镇化率,β1β3分别为新质生产力与城镇化率的估计系数,β2为新质生产力与城镇化率的交互项系数,即城镇化水平对新质生产力影响绿色创新效率的调节效应,其余变量定义不变.
为进一步验证假设3,考虑到空间滞后性可能在被解释变量、解释变量以及误差项中普遍存在,故构建广义嵌套空间模型(GNS),根据模型参数ρδθ的估计结果筛选出最优的空间计量模型,以确保研究的准确性和可靠性[33].模型如下:
式中:ρδθ分别为被解释变量、解释变量和误差项的空间相关系数,W为空间权重矩阵,其余变量定义不变.
在Tone[34-35]两次改进DEA方法后,超效率SBM模型不仅能够有效处理投入产出中的松弛性问题,还可以评估效率值为1的单元[36].绿色创新效率(Gie)是指在创新过程中,以推动可持续发展和提高居民的生活质量为导向,通过改进或引入新技术、新产品与新工艺等方式,实现经济增长的同时减少环境污染和资源消耗的能力[3].为充分体现绿色创新效率的理论内涵,本文在参考已有文献[6,37]的基础上构建如表1所示的评价指标体系,并借助超效率SBM模型测度绿色创新效率.
马克思认为生产力是人们在进行生产活动时,利用和改造自然界以适应人类需求的一种客观物质能力.生产力主要由三个要素构成:劳动者、劳动资料和劳动对象.劳动者将自身的体力和智力与劳动资料及劳动对象相结合,是实现生产力的关键条件[15].基于该经典理论框架,对于新质生产力(Newp)的评估与测算,应聚焦于劳动者素质的综合提升、劳动资料技术层面的显著革新以及劳动对象范围外延的广泛扩展.结合韩文龙等[12]的研究成果,本文构建如表2所示的评价指标体系,所有指标均为正向指标,采用熵值法对其进行量化.
第一,新劳动者.本文参考韩文龙等[12]的研究,从新兴产业员工数量、员工个人能力和人力资本结构三个维度进行指标选取.一是新兴产业员工数量,新质生产力主要聚焦于战略性新兴产业和未来产业,本文在上市公司年报中筛选了这两类企业的总员工数,按注册地汇总到地级市.二是员工个人能力,采用在岗职工平均工资衡量员工的平均能力.三是人力资本结构,采用普通高等学校毕业生数与6岁及以上人口数的比值衡量,数据来源于相关统计年鉴.
第二,新劳动资料.新质生产力的关键推动力在于技术密集型的新劳动资料,主要包括直接介入生产流程的智能化生产工具、间接支持生产过程的数字化基础设施与可持续的科研投入三大类.在指标选取上,本文参考魏下海等[38]的研究,以机器人安装密度数据为基础衡量生产工具,数据来源于IFR.以电信业务总量衡量基础设施,以科研支出与地方财政支出的比值衡量科研投入,数据来源于统计年鉴.
第三,新劳动对象.结合数据可得性,本文考察了新技术和新要素两类新劳动对象.在新技术方面,本文选取了数字化和智能化两个指标.数字化以当年授权的数字经济相关实用和发明新型数量衡量,数据来源于国家知识产权局;智能化以人工智能企业数量衡量,数据来源于天眼查.在新要素方面,本文选取数据要素作为衡量指标,参考苑泽明等[39]的研究,整理上市公司数据资产的相关词频后加一取对数,按注册地汇总到地级市,以当地上市公司数据资产词频对数的平均值衡量数据要素利用水平.
基于前文的理论分析,本文旨在识别并检验城镇化水平(Urb)在新质生产力影响绿色创新效率的过程中可能存在的调节效应.参考杨青等[40]的做法,本文选取城镇化率作为城镇化水平的代理指标,以城镇常住人口与全市常住人口之比衡量.这一比例不仅反映了城镇化进程中人口迁移和集聚的情况,也体现了城市对人口的吸引力和容纳能力,因此能够有效反映城镇化水平.
本文在既有研究[3-4]的基础上控制了可能影响绿色创新效率的其他因素,主要包括:经济发展水平(Pgdp),采用人均GDP的对数表示;产业结构升级(Upg),以产业结构高级化衡量产业结构升级,采用第三产业增加值占GDP的比重表示;政府支持(Gov),采用各地方财政一般预算支出的对数表示;金融发展(Fin),采用年末金融机构各项贷款余额的对数表示.
2012年11月,党的十八大首次将生态文明建设纳入“五位一体”总体布局,标志着中国经济步入结构调整与转型升级的关键阶段.本文选取2012年至2022年作为研究时段,研究该段时期有助于理解新质生产力在经济转型过程中的重要作用.鉴于统计口径和数据的可获得性,本文选取中国284个地级及以上城市为研究样本.数据来源于权威机构,如各地级市统计局官方网站、《中国环境统计年鉴》、《中国城市统计年鉴》、企业年报、《中国科技统计年鉴》、CNRDS数据库及EPS数据平台,最终整理得到平衡面板数据.表3给出了相关变量的描述性统计.
表4汇报了基准回归及异质性分析结果.由表4列(1)可知,新质生产力的回归系数在1%的水平上显著为正,说明新质生产力能够显著提升绿色创新效率,假设1得到初步验证.观察各控制变量发现,经济发展水平、产业结构升级与金融发展的回归系数均显著为正.经济发展水平的提高意味着更多的资源可以用于绿色技术的研发和推广,产业结构的升级往往伴随着生产方式的改进和资源利用效率的提高,而金融工具能为绿色创新提供资金支持,降低融资成本,激发企业创新活力,均有助于改善绿色创新效率.值得关注的是,政府支持的回归系数并不显著,可能原因是政策实施的滞后效应或需要与其他因素共同作用才能显著影响绿色创新效率.
地理位置、发展阶段和资源禀赋的差异,可能导致新质生产力在提升绿色创新效率方面呈现出区域异质性,故本文依据国家分类标准将研究样本划分为东部、中部和西部三大区域,重新对基准模型进行分样本回归.观察表4列(2)―(4)结果发现,新质生产力对绿色创新效率的促进作用在不同地区存在差异,其中对东部地区的影响最为显著,中部地区次之,对西部地区的影响并不显著.可能原因是东部地区拥有较为发达的经济基础和相对完善的产业体系,集聚了高素质人才、创新资源及新兴技术,为新质生产力的培育和发展提供了良好的环境.在此背景下,东部地区能够迅速适应市场和技术变革,有效促进科技创新成果的高效转化与应用,从而在绿色创新领域占据领先地位.相比之下,中部地区囿于地理空间区位限制,加之经济实力相对滞后以及创新意识较为薄弱等因素,新质生产力对绿色创新效率的促进作用受到了一定程度的制约.此外,新质生产力对绿色创新效率的影响在西部地区并不显著,可能归因于产业结构限制以及技术与人才瓶颈等多重因素.一方面,西部地区的产业结构相对固化,新兴产业和高技术产业的占比不高,而传统产业往往缺乏足够的动力和资源去采纳和实施绿色创新技术;另一方面,西部地区在技术和人才方面存在明显的短板,技术的相对落后以及高素质人才的短缺,都极大地限制了新质生产力在西部地区的深入发展和广泛应用.
在考虑估计结果的准确性时,不可忽视模型中潜在的内生性问题.一是遗漏变量,尽管本文综合考虑了影响绿色创新效率的多种因素,但仍无法完全排除一些难以定义和量化的潜在因素.二是双向因果关系.绿色技术水平是新质生产力发展的重要因素,而绿色创新效率在某种程度上反映了绿色技术水平的高低.为应对遗漏变量或者双向因果问题可能导致的结论偏误,本文利用两阶段最小二乘法(2SLS)解决潜在的内生性问题.
本文根据新质生产力的理论内涵与基本特征,参考肖有智等[41]的做法构建新质生产力关键词,并对各个地级市2024年政府工作报告进行词频分析,加总得到新质生产力总词频.由于本文的基础样本是随时间与地区双维度变动的数据,为避免不随时间变化的工具变量在固定效应模型中难以应用,以样本期内每千人互联网宽带用户数来体现工具变量的时变性.最后,对交互项取自然对数得到本文所使用的工具变量.其逻辑在于:一是符合相关性.地方政府强调新质生产力发展与地区新质生产力发展密切相关.二是符合外生性.使用2024年政府工作报告进行词频分析,且与城市上一年的每千人互联网宽带用户数交互,而本文使用2012~2022年的数据测度城市的绿色创新效率,未来和过去的数据并不会对城市当年的绿色创新效率产生显著影响.工具变量识别不足检验的Kleibergen-Paap rk LM统计值为106.232,在1%的显著性水平上通过检验.弱工具变量检验的Kleibergen-Paap rk Wald F统计值为160.850,大于Stock-Yogo检验临界值16.380,说明工具变量的选取是合理的.表5列(1)结果显示,核心解释变量的回归系数符号和显著性均保持不变,仅在数值方面有所波动,说明基准回归的结果是稳健的.
新质生产力是以知识、技术与数据等无形要素为核心驱动力的先进生产力质态.“知识产权示范城市”通过促进专利申请与技术转化,推动了新技术的应用与普及,实现了生产要素的高效配置,加快了传统产业向数字化、智能化和绿色化方向的转型升级,有效促进了新质生产力的蓬勃发展.因此,本文参考邢双美和邢双美等[42]的做法,将“知识产权示范城市”视为外生政策冲击,并将其作为新质生产力的代理指标,构建多期双重差分法(DID)评估新质生产力对绿色创新效率是否具有提升作用.模型设定如下:
式中:解释变量Ipcpostit为反映城市it年是否为知识产权示范城市的虚拟变量,若城市it年被确立为试点城市,则该城市在t年及之后变量赋值为1,否则赋值为0.若β4显著为正,表明该政策的出台促进了城市绿色创新效率的提升.其余变量定义不变.
多期双重差分模型的关键前提是平行趋势假设,本文将事前四期之外的数据归并至事前四期,事后三期之外的数据归并至事后三期,并以事前第一期作为基期.图1所示的平行趋势检验结果表明,知识产权示范城市政策实施前各期的系数估计值均不显著,这说明示范和非示范城市在政策实施前并无显著差异,研究样本通过了平行趋势检验.表5列(2)结果显示,Ipcpostit的估计系数在1%的水平上显著为正,说明旨在促进新质生产力发展的政策能够有效提升城市绿色创新效率,证明了前文结论的稳健性.
首先,替换解释变量.考虑到熵值法和主成分分析法在指标测算方面的不同优势,本文选择使用主成分分析法重新评估新质生产力的发展水平,并在此基础上进行回归分析.其次,排除极端值影响.鉴于本文涉及的数据较多,且宏观变量在收集和测度过程中可能存在误差,为消除极端值对结果的干扰,本文对变量进行1%的缩尾并重新回归.表5列(3)与列(4)结果显示,在分别进行上述检验后,新质生产力对绿色创新效率的影响依然显著为正,结果是稳健的.
为验证假设2,本文将城镇化率作为调节变量进行回归分析,结果见表5列(5).结果显示,核心解释变量与调节变量的交互项在1%的水平上显著为正,即随着城镇化率的提高,每单位新质生产力的增加所带来的绿色创新效率提升幅度逐渐增大.究其原因,城镇化不仅是人口空间分布的转变,更是经济、社会与空间结构的系统性转型.其一,城镇化带来的要素集聚效应为绿色创新提供了丰富的人才储备和技术支持,通过搭建高效的交流合作平台,促进了创新要素的深度融合.其二,城镇化通过需求升级效应推动了绿色创新效率的提升.随着城镇化进程的推进,公众环境意识显著增强,对绿色产品和服务的市场需求持续扩大,倒逼企业加大绿色技术研发投入,进一步激发了绿色创新效率的提升动力.可见,城镇化发展具有创新资源集聚、环境意识提升与市场需求增长等诸多有利因素的叠加效应,这些因素协同作用,有效强化了新质生产力的效能发挥,从而显著推动了绿色创新效率的提升.
为验证假设3,传统的计量回归模型不再适用,本文通过空间自相关检验和诊断性检验选择适合的空间面板模型进行回归分析.首先,利用全局莫兰指数检验绿色创新效率分别在0-1邻接空间权重矩阵(W01)、地理反距离平方空间权重矩阵(Winv2)与经济地理嵌套空间权重矩阵(Wed)下的空间自相关性.结果发现,研究期内绿色创新效率的全局莫兰指数均在1%的显著性水平上呈现正自相关性,即地区之间的确存在相互影响和相互作用的现象.其次,LM检验发现,在地理反距离平方空间权重矩阵与经济地理嵌套空间权重矩阵下的检验结果均为LM-Error显著但LM-lag不显著,故选择空间误差模型(SEM),并将其作为稳健性检验.在0-1邻接空间权重矩阵下的检验结果均通过了LM检验与Robust-LM检验,进一步的LR检验与Wald检验发现结果均在1%的显著性水平上拒绝原假设,故选择空间杜宾模型(SDM).由于相邻地区之间存在着大量交互信息,仅采用估计系数解释空间计量结果仍不够精确,故借鉴LeSage和Pace[43]的做法,将这一影响分解为直接效应、间接效应和总效应,空间计量回归结果见表6.
表6结果发现,新质生产力的直接效应和间接效应系数均显著为正,说明新质生产力不仅能够直接提升本地区的绿色创新效率,还能通过技术扩散、产业联动和生态协同等机制对周边地区产生显著的空间溢出效应.其一,技术扩散效应.新质生产力的应用通常伴随着绿色技术的创新与推广,而技术的传播具有显著的空间外溢性.当某一地区通过新质生产力提升绿色创新效率时,其先进技术和管理经验可以通过技术转移和人员流动等渠道向周边地区扩散,推动区域整体绿色技术水平的提升.其二,产业联动效应.新质生产力的发展能够促进本地区产业结构优化升级,这种升级效应通过产业链的纵向延伸和横向协同,带动上下游关联区域的产业转型.其三,生态协同效应.新质生产力的应用显著改善了本地区的生态环境质量,这种改善效应通过自然系统的空间关联性(如大气循环、水系连通)对周边地区产生正向影响.同时,区域间环境治理的协同机制也进一步放大了新质生产力的生态效益,推动了更大范围的绿色发展.可见,新质生产力不仅成为本地区绿色创新效率提升的核心驱动力,还通过空间溢出效应促进了区域绿色发展的协同进步.
4.1 新质生产力对绿色创新效率的提升具有显著的促进作用,该结论在经过内生性处理和一系列稳健性检验后仍然成立.区域异质性检验结果显示,新质生产力对绿色创新效率的促进作用在东部地区最为显著,中部地区次之,西部地区尚不明显.
4.2 调节效应分析表明,新质生产力作用的发挥在一定程度上取决于当地城镇化的建设情况.城镇化率的提高增强了新质生产力对绿色创新效率的正面影响,即每单位新质生产力的增长在城镇化水平较高的地区能带来更为显著的绿色创新效率提升.
4.3 空间计量分析揭示,新质生产力不仅能够显著提升本地区的绿色创新效率,还能对邻近地区的绿色创新效率产生积极影响.这种空间溢出效应有助于构建区域间相互促进、共同发展的绿色经济网络.
相关结论为加快经济社会绿色转型提供了有益的参考和启示:
一是着力培育和发展新质生产力.具体而言,政府应加强教育与培训体系,培养具备绿色意识和创新能力的高素质人才,为新质生产力的发展提供智力支持.同时,加大对新兴科技领域的投资力度,如清洁能源、人工智能与生物技术等,以培育新质生产力的增长点.此外,积极推动传统产业向绿色化和智能化转型升级,鼓励企业引进新技术、新工艺,提升产品附加值,从而在更广泛的领域内推动绿色发展.
二是因地制宜实施区域发展战略.针对新质生产力对城市绿色创新效率影响效应的区域不均衡问题,应依据各地经济社会发展现状和资源环境禀赋,制定差异化的绿色转型政策.具体地,东部地区可依托其经济和技术优势,率先实现绿色创新驱动发展;中部地区应发挥其在制造业和农业领域的潜力,推进绿色制造和生态农业融合,提升产业绿色化水平;西部地区则需注重生态保护与修复,结合当地特色资源,发展绿色旅游和清洁能源等产业,推动生态保护与经济增长的和谐共生.
三是积极推动绿色城镇化.鉴于城镇化的正向调节作用,政府应注重将城镇化发展这一关键领域的阶段性势能转化为长期性的发展驱动.在推进城镇化的过程中,应充分利用其阶段性成果,如人口聚集、产业升级与基础设施完善等,将这些优势转化为推动经济社会长期发展的动力.同时,谨防城镇化过程中可能出现的资源浪费和环境污染等问题,应制定和实施生态红线政策,合理布局城市绿地和生态空间,确保生态系统的完整性和稳定性.通过渐进式改革和创新,实现新质生产力发展与经济社会全面绿色转型等目标的协同推进.
四是构建高效的区域合作机制.鉴于新质生产力的空间溢出效应,政府应建立跨区域合作平台,加强政府、企业、高校及科研机构之间的合作与交流,促进绿色创新资源的共享和优化配置,有效提高新质生产力高水平地区对邻近地区的辐射带动作用.同时,促进环境治理的协同合作,建立跨区域的生态环境监测和预警系统,共同应对环境污染和生态问题,形成区域绿色发展的合力.
  • 国家社会科学基金重大项目(18ZDA045)
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2025年第45卷第5期
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  • 接收时间:2024-10-21
  • 首发时间:2026-03-18
  • 出版时间:2025-05-20
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  • 收稿日期:2024-10-21
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国家社会科学基金重大项目(18ZDA045)
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    1.浙江工业大学经济学院,浙江 杭州 310023
    2.浙江工业大学现代化产业体系研究院,浙江 杭州 310023

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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