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The novel PAN/PVDF-HFP/TiO2 nanofibrous membranes with a high performance in PM2.5 removal and high-temperature filtration were developed in this study under co-electrospinning-electrospray strategy, with PVDF-HFP/TiO2 as the functional layer and polyacrylonitrile (PAN) as the base membrane. According to the results, the PHT20nanofibrous membrane achieved an efficiency of 99.8% in capturing particulate matters, a low pressure drop of 67Pa, excellent air permeability, and high thermal stability (to 200℃). Moreover, the results of self-cleaning tests showed that the superhydrophobic surfaces of the PAN/PVDF-HFP/TiO2 nanofibrous membranes were resistant to dust particle contamination. To sum up, the multifunctional PPHT20 nanofibrous membrane developed in this study is an effective solution to dust removal at high temperatures.

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利用静电纺丝结合静电喷雾技术,以聚丙烯腈(PAN)为基膜、PVDF-HFP/TiO2为功能层,成功制备了一种具有高温过滤和强力去除PM2.5综合性能的新型PAN/PVDF-HFP/TiO2纳米纤维膜.结果表明,PPHT20纳米纤维膜具有99.8%的细颗粒物捕获效率、67Pa的低压降、优异的透气性和较高的热稳定性(可达200℃).此外,自清洁试验表明PAN/PVDF-HFP/TiO2膜具有的超疏水表面可抵抗粉尘颗粒污染.表明PPHT20纳米纤维膜是一种在高温条件下具有应用前景的除尘候选材料.

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*责任作者,教授,
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洪梅(1989-),女,安徽铜陵人,讲师,博士,主要研究方向为高分子环境功能材料.发表论文4篇..

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洪梅(1989-),女,安徽铜陵人,讲师,博士,主要研究方向为高分子环境功能材料.发表论文4篇..

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洪梅(1989-),女,安徽铜陵人,讲师,博士,主要研究方向为高分子环境功能材料.发表论文4篇..

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Comparison of QF values of different nanofibrous membranes for PM2.5 filtration performance

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
样品PAN/GO/PI-6[40]PVA/P(ADMH-NVF)[41]P/PG[42]PBN-2%-Eu3+[43]
QF0.0580.0270.0390.025
样品PMZA/TiO2[18]PA4-3[44]PVA/PEI/CNC/ZnO[45]PPHT20
QF0.0810.0240.0580.093
), ArticleFig(id=1241050002395550265, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1234093305789726721, articleId=1241049975086436787, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

不同纳米纤维膜对PM2.5过滤性能的QF数值对比

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
样品PAN/GO/PI-6[40]PVA/P(ADMH-NVF)[41]P/PG[42]PBN-2%-Eu3+[43]
QF0.0580.0270.0390.025
样品PMZA/TiO2[18]PA4-3[44]PVA/PEI/CNC/ZnO[45]PPHT20
QF0.0810.0240.0580.093
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超疏水PAN/PVDF-HFP/TiO2纤维膜及其高温烟尘过滤性能
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洪梅 1 , 张铭 2 , 马骁 2 , 郑俊 2 , 钱付平 2, *
中国环境科学 | 大气污染与控制 2025,45(1): 40-49
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中国环境科学 | 大气污染与控制 2025, 45(1): 40-49
超疏水PAN/PVDF-HFP/TiO2纤维膜及其高温烟尘过滤性能
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洪梅1 , 张铭2, 马骁2, 郑俊2, 钱付平2, *
作者信息
  • 1.安徽工业大学材料科学与工程学院,安徽 马鞍山 243032
  • 2.安徽工业大学能源与环境学院,安徽 马鞍山 243032
  • 洪梅(1989-),女,安徽铜陵人,讲师,博士,主要研究方向为高分子环境功能材料.发表论文4篇..

通讯作者:

*责任作者,教授,
High-temperature soot filtration performance of superhydrophobic PAN/PVDF-HFP/TiO2 fibrous membranes
Mei HONG1 , Ming ZHANG2, Xiao MA2, Jun ZHENG2, Fu-ping QIAN2, *
Affiliations
  • 1.School of Materials Science and Engineering, Anhui University of Technology, Ma’anshan 243032, China
  • 2.School of Energy and Environment, Anhui University of Technology, Ma’anshan 243032, China
出版时间: 2025-01-20
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利用静电纺丝结合静电喷雾技术,以聚丙烯腈(PAN)为基膜、PVDF-HFP/TiO2为功能层,成功制备了一种具有高温过滤和强力去除PM2.5综合性能的新型PAN/PVDF-HFP/TiO2纳米纤维膜.结果表明,PPHT20纳米纤维膜具有99.8%的细颗粒物捕获效率、67Pa的低压降、优异的透气性和较高的热稳定性(可达200℃).此外,自清洁试验表明PAN/PVDF-HFP/TiO2膜具有的超疏水表面可抵抗粉尘颗粒污染.表明PPHT20纳米纤维膜是一种在高温条件下具有应用前景的除尘候选材料.

静电纺丝  /  静电喷雾  /  超疏水  /  烟尘过滤  /  热稳定性

The novel PAN/PVDF-HFP/TiO2 nanofibrous membranes with a high performance in PM2.5 removal and high-temperature filtration were developed in this study under co-electrospinning-electrospray strategy, with PVDF-HFP/TiO2 as the functional layer and polyacrylonitrile (PAN) as the base membrane. According to the results, the PHT20nanofibrous membrane achieved an efficiency of 99.8% in capturing particulate matters, a low pressure drop of 67Pa, excellent air permeability, and high thermal stability (to 200℃). Moreover, the results of self-cleaning tests showed that the superhydrophobic surfaces of the PAN/PVDF-HFP/TiO2 nanofibrous membranes were resistant to dust particle contamination. To sum up, the multifunctional PPHT20 nanofibrous membrane developed in this study is an effective solution to dust removal at high temperatures.

electrospinning  /  electrospray  /  superhydrophobic  /  soot filtration  /  thermostability
洪梅, 张铭, 马骁, 郑俊, 钱付平. 超疏水PAN/PVDF-HFP/TiO2纤维膜及其高温烟尘过滤性能. 中国环境科学, 2025 , 45 (1) : 40 -49 .
Mei HONG, Ming ZHANG, Xiao MA, Jun ZHENG, Fu-ping QIAN. High-temperature soot filtration performance of superhydrophobic PAN/PVDF-HFP/TiO2 fibrous membranes[J]. China Environmental Science, 2025 , 45 (1) : 40 -49 .
以资源能源消耗为主的钢铁、电厂、化工等重工业的快速发展,在带来巨大经济效益的同时,也造成了十分严重的空气污染问题[1-2].尤其是煤炭、焦炭等燃烧产生的温度在70~250℃的高温烟尘颗粒的排放处理难度更大、更复杂[3-4].此外,这些工业排放物的粒径大多为0.01~100μm的细颗粒物(PMs),其中空气动力学直径小于2.5μm(PM2.5)和10μm(PM10)的颗粒物是造成雾霾天气最重要的因素之一[5-6].雾霾天气不仅影响空气质量、能见度、气候效应,还会严重危害人类健康[7-9].尤其是PM2.5,由于其体积小,携带大量有毒化合物,可以穿透人体支气管和肺部,对人体健康构成严重威胁[8,10].大量流行病学研究表明,长期接触PM2.5可导致多种呼吸系统和心血管疾病,甚至肺癌,增加发病率和死亡率[11-13].传统的PMs去除工艺,如布袋除尘器和旋风除尘器,受到去除效率低、压降高、处理温度低、易粘附颗粒物的限制[6,14].因此,开发具有高过滤性能、耐高温、易清灰的多功能材料来应对重工业快速增长带来的环境污染问题已成为过滤领域一项紧迫而有意义的研究.
静电纺丝是一种制备多功能纳米纤维膜的简便且通用的技术.电纺纳米纤维膜具有纤维直径可控、比表面积大、结构多样、孔隙率高等特点,在高效空气过滤领域具有广阔的应用前景[15-16].自2015年崔毅团队首次使用聚丙烯腈(PAN)纳米纤维过滤器捕获PM2.5以来,纳米纤维膜被广泛用于对PMs的过滤研究[17].聚酰亚胺(PI)、聚磺酰胺(PSA)和聚四氟乙烯(PTFE)等几种热稳定性聚合物已被用于制备高温PMs过滤的静电纺纳米纤维膜[18].例如,Ahn等[19]制造的PTFE纳米纤维涂层过滤器在280℃下对PMs的过滤效果比传统过滤器高1.13倍.Wei等[20]制备的PASS(聚芳硫醚砜)/UiO-66(PASS-U)纳米纤维过滤器在200℃时对PM2.5仍具有较高的过滤效率(>99.95%).然而,高昂的材料成本和较差的加工性能限制了它们的工业应用,探索利用廉价材料和简单工艺制备耐高温纳米纤维过滤材料是亟待解决的问题[1].
此外,将纳米填料掺杂到纳米纤维膜中是提高膜材料性能的一个重要方法[18].众所周知,TiO2是一种自然界中储量丰富、价格低廉的材料,由于其化学稳定性、安全性、无毒、耐热性、商业可行性强等特点,被广泛应用于空气净化领域[21].Wen等[18]将TiO2纳米颗粒加入PMIA纺丝溶液,制得PMIA/TiO2复合纳米纤维膜,过滤PM2.5效率达99.3%,压降61Pa.该膜在250℃高温下过滤性能稳定.Tan等[22]制备的Zr-TiO2纳米纤维膜在350℃下有效去除烟气中的PM2.5,使用寿命长,5个过滤周期后性能几乎没有衰减.这些结果为设计高温条件下高稳定性的纳米纤维空气过滤材料提供了候选材料,也为纳米纤维空气过滤材料的广泛应用提供了希望.
本研究利用静电纺丝制备PAN基膜,辅助静电喷雾技术将PVDF-HFP/TiO2微纳颗粒沉积到PAN基膜表面,制备了具有低阻、高效、耐高温和超疏水的PAN/PVDF-HFP/TiO2纳米纤维膜.采用滤料性能综合检测台对制备的纳米纤维膜的过滤性能进行试验研究,考察了其微纳结构和疏水表面对过滤效果、过滤压降、自清洁和耐高温性能的影响.研究成果为高性能烟尘过滤膜的制备提供一种新的思路.
聚丙烯腈(PAN,相对分子量85000,上海阿拉丁生化科技股份有限公司);聚(偏二氟乙烯-co-六氟丙烯)(PVDF-HFP,相对分子量400000,上海阿拉丁生化科技股份有限公司);纳米二氧化钛(TiO2,99.8%,Metals basis,金红石型,上海阿拉丁生化科技股份有限公司);N,N-二甲基甲酰胺(DMF,99.5%,上海麦克林生化科技股份有限公司).
本研究通过静电纺丝-静电喷雾两步法制备超疏水耐高温高效滤膜.首先,将PAN粉末在60℃下干燥8h以去除水分,称取1g PAN粉末溶解于9g DMF中,60℃条件下搅拌3h,获得PAN质量分数为10wt.%的静电纺丝溶液.将上述纺丝液转移至两个装有23G金属针头的5mL平行注射器中,通过注射泵控制推液流速为0.0013mm/s,针尖到收集器的距离保持在15cm,施加的静电场为16kV.同时在静电纺丝仪器的负极金属滚筒上覆盖一张铝箔纸作为接收极,滚筒的转速为180r/min,纺丝时间为3h,首先获得了电纺PAN纳米纤维膜.
随后称取0.25g PVDF-HFP溶解在3.25g DMF溶液中,60℃条件下搅拌均匀,得到约7wt.%的PVDF-HFP溶液.接着,分别向PVDF-HFP溶液中添加不同质量的TiO2纳米颗粒(TiO2NPs),混合均匀后使得TiO2与PVDF-HFP的质量比控制为0wt.%、10wt.%、20wt.%、40wt.%,得到白色均匀电喷雾溶液.将获得的电喷雾溶液转移到两个新的装有23G金属针头的5mL平行注射器中,所施加的电压为16kV.注射器的注射速率固定在0.0013mm/s.保持从两个针尖到静电纺丝PAN纳米纤维膜收集器的距离为15cm.
最后,将所制备的PAN/PVDF-HFP/TiO2纳米纤维膜(根据电喷溶液中PVDF-HFP和TiO2的含量,将所得纳米纤维膜分别记为PAN、PPH、PPHT10、PPHT20、PPHT40)于60℃干燥12h,以充分去除残留的溶剂.纳米纤维膜制备流程如图1所示.
采用场发射扫描电子显微镜(SEM,Sigma 500,德国ZEISS)配套能谱仪(EDS)观察纳米纤维膜的微观形貌和元素组成.采用X射线衍射分析仪(XRD,D8Advance,德国Bruker)表征纳米纤维膜的晶体结构特性,采用傅里叶变换红外光谱仪(FTIR,iS™ 20,美国ThermoFisher)表征纳米纤维膜的官能团变化.采用热重分析仪(TG,DTG-60H,日本Shimadzu)在空气气氛和10℃ /min的升温速率下测试纳米纤维膜的TG曲线,分析其热稳定性.采用接触角测量仪(CW,JC2000D4G,中国中晨),测量纳米纤维膜的静态水接触角,判断膜表面亲疏水性.采用万能试验机(GT-7010,中国GOTECH)测试样品的力学性能参数.
采用自动滤料测试仪测试纳米纤维膜的过滤效率及空气阻力.在室温和相对湿度50%的条件下,将有效面积为95cm2的纳米纤维膜固定在测试系统中,采用雾化气泵生成氯化钾(KCl)气溶胶,在6.89cm/s的流速下测试了过滤效率和空气阻力.为了提高过滤数据的准确性,所有实验重复3次.
引入品质因子(QF)综合评价纳米纤维膜的过滤性能,其计算公式如下:
式中:QF为质量因子;η为过滤效率;ΔP为空气阻力.此外,过滤膜试验选用孔径约为3mm的金属网作为基材,基材对试验结果影响较小,试验前已扣除背景.
通过比较热处理(60,120,200,250和280℃,持续1h)前后纳米纤维膜的尺寸变化来考察样品膜的热收缩率.并根据热分解温度(TG曲线)和热收缩率结果对纳米纤维膜在不同温度(120,200和250℃)处理后的过滤效率和压降进行分析,观察热处理后纤维的形貌,研究样品膜的热稳定性.
图2为本文制备的5种纳米纤维膜的SEM图像和EDS数据.从电镜图可以看出,所有膜都呈现连通的开放多孔结构,纳米纤维随机取向,可为气体分子输送提供通道,同时有效拦截颗粒.然而,与纯PAN纳米纤维膜(图2(a))中光滑均匀的纳米纤维相比,静电喷涂PVDF-HFP或PVDF-HFP/TiO2之后的复合纳米纤维膜表面形成了微纳米尺寸的凸起,且随着TiO2NPs的增加,膜表面的粗糙度进一步提高,显著增加了颗粒物与纤维之间的有效接触面积[23].此外,从电镜图中可以看出不同膜纤维直径差别不大,表明电喷涂微纳米粒子并没有改变静电纺丝PAN基膜的纳米纤维直径.图2右侧对应的EDS图谱显示了各元素在纳米纤维膜中的分布情况,进一步证实了PVDF-HFP和PVDF-HFP/TiO2的存在,确认了电喷雾涂层的成功.由图可知,纯PAN膜中仅检测到C和N元素,而在复合纤维膜中则有明显的F、Ti和O元素信号,且均匀分布.此外,可以明显观察到随着TiO2质量比的增加,复合膜中Ti和O元素信号强度显著增强.
通过FTIR证实了相关纤维膜的化学结构,结果如图3(a)所示出现在2242cm-1处的特征峰对应于PAN中C≡N的伸缩振动[24].PPH纳米纤维膜中840,875,1072和1180cm-1处的吸收峰为PVDF-HFP中-CH2、C-C、C-F、C-F3的伸缩振动峰[25-26].在PPH膜中引入TiO2NPs后,在500~800cm-1区域内较弱的特征吸收峰对应于Ti-O键的伸缩振动吸收峰[27],为PAN/PVDF-HFP/TiO2膜的热稳定性提供了保证,也证实了该纳米纤维膜制备成功.图3(b)通过XRD谱图对不同纳米纤维膜的结晶度进行了表征.原始PAN纳米纤维膜在2θ=16.3°处有一个明显的衍射峰,代表一个六边形堆叠的线性链,而在20~25°区间内的峰则代表了有机分子的存在[24].PPH在2θ = 19.9°处出现的微弱的衍射峰对应于PVDF-HFP的(110)晶面[28].对于添加了40% TiO2的PPHT40纳米纤维膜的XRD谱图来说,位于27.4°、36.0°和54.3°处的特征衍射峰分别对应于TiO2的(110)、(101)和(211)晶面(PDF no.76-1939[29].而PPHT10和PPHT20中TiO2含量较低,部分被PVDF-HFP包裹,所以相应的XRD衍射峰没有PPHT40明显.
XPS谱图分析了所制备的PPHT20纳米纤维膜中碳(C)、氮(N)、氟(F)和钛(Ti)的信号(图4(a-d)),与之前的XRD和EDS数据分析结果一致.其中C1s的解析光谱(图4(a))在283.4,284.8和289.5eV处显示2个峰,分别对应于-CH2、C-C和-CF2基团[30-31].在图3(c)中,PAN的N1s XPS光谱中可以区分出两个峰,位于397.9和398.1eV处,它们分别归属于C≡N和C=N[30,32].PVDF-HFP的F特征峰(图4c)主要位于686.6eV(-CF)和688.2eV(-CF2[33].图4(d)显示了PPHT20纳米纤维膜中的Ti 2p.在Ti-2p区域的XPS谱图中,两个显著的峰分别归属于Ti 2p3/2(457.7eV)和Ti 2p1/2(463.6eV),2p双重态在5.6eV分裂[34].这些峰与TiO2中Ti4+的存在是相容的,是自旋轨道分裂的结果[35].
通过测量水接触角(WCA)来评估制备的纳米纤维膜的表面润湿性.如图5(a)所示,原始PAN纳米纤维膜的接触角仅为23.2°,表现出亲水性.PAN膜表面电喷涂含有C-F基团的低表面能PVDF-HFP之后,WCA提升至144.8°,已达到疏水条件,但未超过超疏水标准(WCA>150°).然而当膜表面电喷雾含有低表面能和微纳结构的PVDF-HFP/TiO2共混物之后,WCA进一步增大,均超过150°.因此PAN/PVDF-HFP/TiO2纳米纤维膜具备超疏水性能.根据Cassie-Baxter理论,推测PVDF-HFP/TiO2的低表面能以及微纳结构(如图SEM所示)可使大量的空气被捕获在固液界面之间,减少水滴与膜面的接触面积并托起液滴,形成“空气垫效应”,最终导致PAN/PVDF-HFP/TiO2纳米纤维膜具备超疏水特性[36].
图5(b)记录了水滴接触并离开PPHT20超疏水表面的全过程.在室温条件下,将4μL与膜表面接触1min后抬起针头.可以看出,水滴被迫接触纳米纤维膜表面并产生形变,然后很容易的从超疏水表面脱离,说明PPHT20超疏水表面具有较好的抗附着力.此外,透气性是过滤膜必须具备的特性之一,本文采用简单直观的实验方法测试超疏水纳米纤维膜的透气性[37].如图5c所示,选取具有柔韧性的PPHT20纳米纤维膜固定在盛有热水的烧杯扣上,在短时间内即有大量水蒸气穿透膜层到达套在膜上方的烧杯底部,并凝结成明显的小液滴.这一现象证实了PAN/PVDF-HFP/TiO2纳米纤维膜具有良好的透气性.
超疏水表面赋予PAN/PVDF-HFP/TiO2纳米纤维膜强大的防液性和自清洁性能.通过对撒有碳粉的纳米纤维膜表面进行冲洗来证实防水性和自清洁性.如图6(a)所示,PAN纳米纤维膜因其抗润湿性差,冲洗后膜面被浸润,留下明显的碳粉污渍.而PAN/PVDF-HFP/TiO2纳米纤维膜(图6(b-d))由于较好的疏水的表面,冲洗时水滴可以迅速滚动并带走碳粉,使其恢复干净的膜面,具备优异的自清洁性能.
过滤膜优良的力学性能是保证过滤过程稳定性的前提[38].因此,本文比较了每个样品的抗拉强度、抗拉韧性、杨氏模量和最大力下的拉伸量,以评估膜样品的综合力学性能(图7).典型的应力-应变曲线如图7(a)所示,可以看出所有膜样品在外力作用下都具有相似的变形过程.从图7(b)可以看出,电喷涂不同含量(10,20和40wt %)的TiO2后样品膜的拉伸强度有所提高.特别是PPHT20的拉伸强度增加到1.16MPa,而纯PAN膜的拉伸强度最低为0.60MPa,大幅度提升了93.33%.强度的增加是因为TiO2粒径较小,能够进入PVDF-HFP的间隙中.提高了表面喷涂层的致密性.而PPHT40里高含量的TiO2会发生团聚现象,影响了电喷涂层结构的均一性,因此导致PPH40的拉伸强度反而下降到1.07MPa.PAN/PVDF-HFP/TiO2系列膜的断裂伸长率对比纯PAN纳米纤维膜(57.62%)虽有所下降,但仍能达到39.75%~45.10%之间.同时,PPHT20和PPHT40纳米纤维膜的杨氏模量和断裂韧性参数均超过纯PAN膜(图7(c)).综合来看,与PAN、PPH、PPHT10和PPHT40纳米电纺膜相比,PPHT20纳米纤维膜具有更优越的力学性能.这是因为PPHT20表面的电喷雾涂层嵌入了结构规整、分散均匀的TiO2NPs,使电纺膜表面结晶度得到提升,增强了分子间的相互作用,从而提升了纳米纤维膜的综合力学性能[38].
热稳定性对于纳米纤维膜在高温环境中的应用至关重要,通常通过热分解温度和热收缩率来衡量[39].因此本文在空气气氛下采用热重分析仪对其热分解行为进行实时检测,结果如图8(a)所示.温度为296℃时,PAN聚合物质量开始出现明显失重,到309℃时失重率达到28.74%.PPH膜在302℃时同样产生明显失重,到313℃时失重率为26.2%,略低于PAN膜.而引入TiO2NPs后,PAN/PVDF-HFP/TiO2膜热稳定性较PAN膜和PPH膜有所增加,PPHT10、PPHT20和PPHT40均是从310℃之后才开始出现失重现象,且在314℃以内的失重率相对较小(≤20%),此结果说明聚合物与TiO2之间的网状缠结增强了纳米纤维膜的刚性,从而限制了纳米纤维膜的热运动,使PAN/PVDF-HFP/TiO2膜拥有较优异的热稳定性,在高温环境中具有一定的应用潜力.这种良好的热稳定性在热收缩率结果下得到进一步证明.不同纳米纤维膜的热收缩光学照片如图8(b)所示.膜的顺序为PAN、PPH、PPHT10、PPHT20、PPHT40纳米纤维膜.对于PPHT10、PPHT20和PPHT40,在研究的温度范围内没有出现明显的热收缩.温度≤120℃时,所有膜样品颜色几乎无变化.当加热温度升高到200℃时,PAN纳米纤维膜颜色已开始变黄,反观PAN/PVDF-HFP/TiO2膜颜色变化并不明显.即使将PPHT10、PPHT20和PPHT40膜在250和280℃下持续加热1h,也不会发生明显的卷曲或收缩情况,几乎保持了原有的尺寸,仅观察到颜色的变化.相反,随着温度的上升,PAN膜在280℃下加热时,会出现明显的热收缩,颜色近乎黑色.因此,引入耐高温的TiO2可提高纳米纤维膜的热稳定性,有利于膜材料在较高温度(≤200℃)下安全使用.
为了研究微纳结构的PVDF-HFP/TiO2对膜过滤性能的影响,本文进一步评价了样品膜在相同风速下的过滤性能,如图9(a)所示.PAN、PPH、PPHT10、PPHT20和PPHT40对PM2.5的过滤效率分别为97.8%、99.2%、99.5%、99.8%和99.8%,而5种膜的过滤压降分别为59,64,66,67,和75Pa.显然改性后的膜过滤效率和压降均高于纯PAN纳米纤维膜.过滤性能的提升主要归功于膜表面微纳结构的形成,增加了纤维表面的粗糙度,从而提高了对颗粒污染物的捕获性能.为了获得高过滤效率和低过滤压降之间的合理平衡,采用质量因子QF来评价综合过滤性能.由图9(b)可知,PAN膜的QF为0.065,PPH膜的QF为0.075.随着TiO2NPs的加入,QF出现先增大后降低的趋势,且PPHT20纳米纤维膜达到了最佳QF(0.093),表明其可在低能耗的条件下实现高效过滤,在PM2.5净化领域具有很大的应用潜力.此外,将本文制备的纳米纤维膜与先前报道的PAN/GO/PI-6[40]、PVA/P(ADMH-NVF)[41]、P/PG[42]、PBN-2%-Eu3+[43]、PMZA/TiO2[18]、PA4-3[44]和PVA/PEI/CNC/ZnO[45]过滤膜进行比较,PPHT20纳米纤维膜呈现出优秀的过滤性能(图9(c)).表1对以上各膜的QF数值进行了总结,与其他研究相比发现本文制备的过滤膜材具有更优越的QF,可以充分保证颗粒过滤的高效性.
随着工业化进程的加快,开发具有热稳定性潜力的过滤膜材处理高温烟尘已迫在眉睫.根据前文热分解温度和热收缩率的分析结果选取了具有超疏水和较高过滤性能的PPHT20纳米纤维膜在不同温度(120,200和250℃)下处理1h,探究高温对其过滤性能和表面形貌的影响.如图10(a)所示,经120℃处理1h后,PPHT20的过滤性能几乎没有下降,维持在99.8%左右,过滤阻力有所升高,达到73Pa.在200℃下处理1h后,PPHT20纳米纤维膜的过滤效果同样能够保持99.7%的高过滤效果,此时过滤压降增加到89Pa.然而,250℃处理1h后的PPHT20纳米纤维膜对PM2.5的过滤效果仅为95.6%,过滤压降已提升到97Pa.图10(b-c)为PPHT20分别为120,200和250℃加热1h后的SEM图像.经120℃加热后,PPHT20的微观结构与未加热的PPHT20纳米纤维膜没有明显区别(图10(b)).在200℃热处理后,PPHT20纳米纤维膜表面的微纳结构层出现部分坍塌,但过滤效率与未加热的PPHT20滤膜相比无明显下降,且作为支撑层的PAN基膜形貌和原始状态几乎无区别.经250℃进一步处理后,PPHT20纳米纤维膜表层坍塌显著,膜孔隙明显增大,底层PAN膜纤维出现一定程度的弯曲,过滤效率有所下降.基于以上分析合理推断,本文采用的静电纺丝-静电喷雾工艺制备的纳米纤维膜为高温(≤200℃)工业烟尘过滤材料的设计提供了一种新的思路.
纯PAN纳米纤维膜主要通过拦截效应、惯性沉积效应、扩散效应过滤颗粒物[46].相比之下,PAN/PVDF-HFP/TiO2纳米纤维膜由于膜表面微纳结构的引入增加了纤维的等效直径、比表面积,颗粒物与纤维的相互作用得以加强,从而提高了过滤效率[47].同时,非圆形纤维会产生滞止区,纤维表面的粗糙度会增大纤维的阻力.因此,含有PVDF-HFP/TiO2微纳结构的滤材具有更高的压降,该结论也与我们前文的实验结果一致.另一方面,表面粗糙度的提高使纤维之间的堆积更加紧密,进一步提升了PAN/PVDF-HFP/TiO2纳米纤维膜与颗粒物的碰撞概率,增强了对PM2.5污染物的拦截效率.
3.1 采用静电纺丝/静电喷雾相结合的工艺技术成功制备出具有微纳表面结构的超疏水PAN/PVDF-HFP/TiO2纳米纤维膜,其WCA均超过150°,且纤维膜表面不易受潮湿粉尘污染,具有超疏水和自清洁功能.
3.2 PAN/PVDF-HFP/TiO2纳米纤维膜的过滤性能均有所提升,通过控制TiO2NPs的添加量可以调控过滤性能的增幅,其中PPHT20纳米纤维膜的综合性能最佳.PPHT20纳米纤维膜对PM2.5具有较高的过滤性能(99.8%)和较低的过滤压降(67Pa),同等条件下具备最高的品质因子(QF=0.093).
3.3 TiO2NPs的引入还赋予了PPHT20纳米纤维膜优异的耐高温性能,即使在200℃高温下对PM2.5的过滤效果仍保持在99.7%左右,阻力仅为89Pa,这为高效、低阻的耐高温滤膜的开发提供了一种新的思路.
  • 中国博士后科学基金资助项目(2023M730014)
  • 冶金过程节能与污染控制工程技术研究中心项目(GKF22-2)
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  • 接收时间:2024-09-12
  • 首发时间:2026-03-18
  • 出版时间:2025-01-20
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  • 收稿日期:2024-09-12
基金
中国博士后科学基金资助项目(2023M730014)
冶金过程节能与污染控制工程技术研究中心项目(GKF22-2)
作者信息
    1.安徽工业大学材料科学与工程学院,安徽 马鞍山 243032
    2.安徽工业大学能源与环境学院,安徽 马鞍山 243032

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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