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Because of singlet oxygen (1O2)’s strong oxidation capability and environmental friendliness, understanding the mechanism of chlorine-mediated 1O2 generation in electrochemical processes can enhance wastewater treatment efficiency and minimize the side effects of active chlorine. Thus, electrochemical tests and treatment of Rhodamine B (RhB) simulated wastewater were used to assess the performance of Ir-Ta/Ti and Pt/Ti electrodes. The effects of different conditions (Cl- concentration, chlorine evolution activity of electrodes, H2O2 addition, O2 aeration) on electrochemical 1O2 generation were also explored. The results demonstrated that the 1O2-dominated electrochemical system can remove over 96% of RhB and shorten degradation pathways.Efficient 1O2 production depends on balancing hypochlorite (ClO-) and hydroperoxyl (HO2-) in the system, as an excess of either suppresses 1O2 generation. This study provides a theoretical framework for enhancing 1O2 generation under various conditions and the targeted preparation and modification of electrodes.

, correspAuthors=Li-zhang WANG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Hao-ran SUN, Ming-ming YIN, Hai-liang TANG, Li-zhang WANG), CN=ArticleExt(id=1241049984368439885, articleId=1241049969210225602, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1234093305789726721, language=CN, title=基于ClO-—HO2-平衡机制的氯介导电催生1O2机理探究, columnId=1234106386565624579, journalTitle=中国环境科学, columnName=水污染与控制, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

鉴于单线态氧(1O2)氧化能力强、对环境友好等特点,进一步揭示电化学过程中氯介导产1O2的反应机理不仅能够提高废水处理效果,还可以减少活性氯带来的副作用.因此,采用电化学测试、罗丹明B(RhB)模拟废水处理等手段评估Ir-Ta/Ti和Pt/Ti电极的性能,并探讨不同条件(Cl-浓度、电极析氯活性、外加H2O2、通入O2)对电化学产1O2的影响.结果表明,以1O2为主导的电化学体系能够去除超过96%的RhB且可缩短降解路径.高效生成1O2的基础是维持体系中产生的次氯酸根(ClO-)与过氧氢根(HO2-)之间的平衡,任何一方过量都会抑制1O2的产生.本次研究以期为促进不同环境情况下1O2的生成和电极的定向制备与改性提供理论依据.

, correspAuthors=王立章, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
*责任作者,教授,
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孙浩然(1997-),男,江苏徐州人,博士研究生,主要从事电化学水处理理论与技术研究.发表论文7篇..

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孙浩然(1997-),男,江苏徐州人,博士研究生,主要从事电化学水处理理论与技术研究.发表论文7篇..

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孙浩然(1997-),男,江苏徐州人,博士研究生,主要从事电化学水处理理论与技术研究.发表论文7篇..

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figureFileSmall=ykFVhsOpWXJ9JX/0GAfCZg==, figureFileBig=R907LEoprUH7tS+2YLcgkA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241049997731491949, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1234093305789726721, articleId=1241049969210225602, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Fitting data of voltammetry charge for Ir-Ta/Ti and Pt/Ti electrodes

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
电极q*o (C)q*t (C)q*i (C)q*o/q*t
Ir-Ta/Ti0.0730.210.1370.347
Pt/Ti0.0050.660.6550.008
), ArticleFig(id=1241049997878292602, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1234093305789726721, articleId=1241049969210225602, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

Ir-Ta/Ti和Pt/Ti电极的福安电量拟合数据

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
电极q*o (C)q*t (C)q*i (C)q*o/q*t
Ir-Ta/Ti0.0730.210.1370.347
Pt/Ti0.0050.660.6550.008
), ArticleFig(id=1241049998033481859, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1234093305789726721, articleId=1241049969210225602, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Inhibitory effect of quenched 1O2 on RhB removal by Ir-Ta and Pt/Ti electrodes under different NaCl electrolyte concentrations

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
电极0.4wt%0.8wt%1.2wt%1.6wt%
Pt/Ti0.0110.1250.4310.591
Ir-Ta/Ti0.1810.3590.5970.562
), ArticleFig(id=1241049998356443282, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1234093305789726721, articleId=1241049969210225602, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

不同NaCl电解质浓度下淬灭1O2在Ir-Ta和Pt/Ti电极去除RhB中产生的抑制作用

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
电极0.4wt%0.8wt%1.2wt%1.6wt%
Pt/Ti0.0110.1250.4310.591
Ir-Ta/Ti0.1810.3590.5970.562
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基于ClO-—HO2-平衡机制的氯介导电催生1O2机理探究
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孙浩然 , 殷明明 , 唐海亮 , 王立章 *
中国环境科学 | 水污染与控制 2025,45(1): 167-174
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中国环境科学 | 水污染与控制 2025, 45(1): 167-174
基于ClO-—HO2-平衡机制的氯介导电催生1O2机理探究
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孙浩然 , 殷明明, 唐海亮, 王立章*
作者信息
  • 中国矿业大学环境与测绘学院,江苏 徐州 221116
  • 孙浩然(1997-),男,江苏徐州人,博士研究生,主要从事电化学水处理理论与技术研究.发表论文7篇..

通讯作者:

*责任作者,教授,
Mechanism exploration for chlorine-mediated electrocatalytic generation of 1O2 based on the equilibrium between ClO- and HO2-
Hao-ran SUN , Ming-ming YIN, Hai-liang TANG, Li-zhang WANG*
Affiliations
  • School of Environment Science and Spatial Informatics, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116, China
出版时间: 2025-01-20
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鉴于单线态氧(1O2)氧化能力强、对环境友好等特点,进一步揭示电化学过程中氯介导产1O2的反应机理不仅能够提高废水处理效果,还可以减少活性氯带来的副作用.因此,采用电化学测试、罗丹明B(RhB)模拟废水处理等手段评估Ir-Ta/Ti和Pt/Ti电极的性能,并探讨不同条件(Cl-浓度、电极析氯活性、外加H2O2、通入O2)对电化学产1O2的影响.结果表明,以1O2为主导的电化学体系能够去除超过96%的RhB且可缩短降解路径.高效生成1O2的基础是维持体系中产生的次氯酸根(ClO-)与过氧氢根(HO2-)之间的平衡,任何一方过量都会抑制1O2的产生.本次研究以期为促进不同环境情况下1O2的生成和电极的定向制备与改性提供理论依据.

氯介导  /  电化学产1O2  /  RhB去除  /  ClO-—HO2-平衡

Because of singlet oxygen (1O2)’s strong oxidation capability and environmental friendliness, understanding the mechanism of chlorine-mediated 1O2 generation in electrochemical processes can enhance wastewater treatment efficiency and minimize the side effects of active chlorine. Thus, electrochemical tests and treatment of Rhodamine B (RhB) simulated wastewater were used to assess the performance of Ir-Ta/Ti and Pt/Ti electrodes. The effects of different conditions (Cl- concentration, chlorine evolution activity of electrodes, H2O2 addition, O2 aeration) on electrochemical 1O2 generation were also explored. The results demonstrated that the 1O2-dominated electrochemical system can remove over 96% of RhB and shorten degradation pathways.Efficient 1O2 production depends on balancing hypochlorite (ClO-) and hydroperoxyl (HO2-) in the system, as an excess of either suppresses 1O2 generation. This study provides a theoretical framework for enhancing 1O2 generation under various conditions and the targeted preparation and modification of electrodes.

chlorine-mediated  /  electrochemical formation of 1O2  /  RhB removal  /  ClO-—HO2- balance
孙浩然, 殷明明, 唐海亮, 王立章. 基于ClO-—HO2-平衡机制的氯介导电催生1O2机理探究. 中国环境科学, 2025 , 45 (1) : 167 -174 .
Hao-ran SUN, Ming-ming YIN, Hai-liang TANG, Li-zhang WANG. Mechanism exploration for chlorine-mediated electrocatalytic generation of 1O2 based on the equilibrium between ClO- and HO2-[J]. China Environmental Science, 2025 , 45 (1) : 167 -174 .
电化学氧化技术因其高效、对环境友好及易于管理等优点在有机染料废水处理领域备受关注[1-3].有报道表明,水体中的Cl-在电化学过程中会促使活性氯的产生,其仅能去除部分有机污染物,且有产生难降解的氯代化合物的风险,抑制了电化学有机废水的降解效果[4-6].但近期,研究人员发现溶液中的Cl-能够通过一系列反应转化为氧化能力强、对水溶液中化合物的电子具有较好捕获作用的单线态氧(1O2),不仅提高了有机废水处理效果,还避免了活性氯带来的负面影响[7-9].因此,探究1O2的高效电化学生成机理至关重要.
在含氯环境下,1O2可由阳极氧化产生的次氯酸根(ClO-)和阴极还原产生的过氧氢根(HO2-)之间反应生成[10].Tian等[11]发现在阴极上产生的H2O2可以与ClO-发生反应,从而提高1O2的产量,因为H2O2可以分解产生HO2-[12].Cheng等[13]通过提高溶液中的Cl-浓度来促进ClO-生成,进而带动1O2产量的增加.这些结果阐明了促进1O2产生的部分手段,但阳极与阴极上产物的关系是割裂的,仍需探索不同环境条件下的互作机制对生成1O2的影响,并进一步阐明电催化产生1O2的反应机理.
基于此,本文选择表现出较高电催化活性的两种钛基金属氧化物涂层电极(DSA)——Ir-Ta/Ti和Pt/Ti作为阳极,Ti板作为阴极,将典型的偶氮类染料罗丹明B(RhB)作为目标污染物,支持电解质为氯化钠(NaCl)来进行废水处理实验;通过电化学测试和密度泛函理论(DFT)计算分析两种电极的析氯活性,探讨Cl-浓度、析氯活性、外加H2O2、通入O2等影响因素对废水降解效果的影响,并分析电催化产生1O2的机理,为不同环境中促进1O2的生成以及电极的定向制备与改性提供理论指导.
本研究所用试剂均为分析纯(AR)级.叔丁醇(TBA)、糠醇(FA)购自上海麦克林生化科技有限公司;对苯醌(BQ)购自阿拉丁试剂(上海)有限公司;30wt%的过氧化氢(H2O2)购自国药集团化学试剂有限公司;罗丹明B(RhB)购自天津市光复精细化工研究所;Pt/Ti电极以及Ir-Ta/Ti电极购自陕西泰安诺新材料科技有限公司.
使用三电极体系在型号为CS310的电化学工作站上进行循环伏安曲线(CV)和线性伏安曲线(LSV)分析.工作电极为Pt/Ti(2cm×3cm)和Ir-Ta/Ti(2cm×3cm),对电极为Pt片(4cm×4cm),参比电极为饱和甘汞电极(SCE),测试溶液为NaCl(0.8wt%)+RhB(200mg/L).CV和LSV测试的电势窗口分别为0~1.8V和0~2V.
分别以Pt/Ti电极(5cm×5cm)和Ir-Ta/Ti电极(5cm×5cm)作为阳极,以Ti板作为阴极,极板间距为2cm;目标降解溶液为200mg/L的RhB溶液,支持电解质为不同质量浓度(0.4,0.8,1.2,1.6wt%)的NaCl以及0.8wt%的Na2SO4,溶液体积为200ml.直流电源的型号为MS-155DS,可提供0~15V的电压和0~5A的直流电源.整体反应以75mA的恒流模式在200mL的玻璃烧杯中进行,反应过程中持续用型号为SR-MS-H300D的磁力搅拌器以800r/min的转速进行搅拌.进行淬灭实验时,在打开电源前加入不同量的淬灭剂(FA和TBA为100mmol/L,BQ为5mmol/L),其余操作与正常水处理实验相同.进行通入O2的水处理实验时,O2的流速为5mL/min.采用UV-1780型紫外可见分光光度计对RhB染料溶液进行全谱扫描(200~800nm),并记录下特征峰(554nm)的吸光度.在每个时间节点上至少采集了2个水样进行平行检测,以避免取样和测试造成的潜在误差.
采用DFT计算确定两种阳极的析氯性能.所有结果均基于Vienna Ab-initio Simulations Package(VASP)模拟软件包获得.计算过程中,采用投影增强波描述赝势[14-15],以Perdew-Burke-Ernzerhof(PBE)泛函确定交换关联能[16-17];结构优化过程中,总能量收敛精度小于1×10-5eV,各方向最大作用力均小于0.02eV·Å;布里渊区的Monkhorst-Pack网格设置为2×2×1[18-19].
图1(a)和(b)为两种电极的多扫速CV测试结果.Ir-Ta/Ti电极的CV曲线没有明显的氧化还原峰,证明在电解过程中没有发生直接氧化.而Pt/Ti电极的CV图则含有微弱的氧化还原峰,说明反应过程包含间接和部分直接反应,这可能是电极的析氯活性差异所致.研究表明[20],总伏安电量(q*t)表示电极活性位点数量,包括电极外部活性伏安电量(q*o)和电极内部惰性伏安电量(q*i),可通过对CV曲线进行积分,由如下公式计算[21]
式中:v代表扫速;q*o的数值与有机物氧化效能直接相关.在图1(c),(d)表1中,当v趋近于∞时,Ir-Ta/Ti和Pt/Ti的q*o分别为0.073和0.005C,前者远大于后者,说明Ir-Ta/Ti电极在含氯体系下的催化性能高于Pt/Ti电极.而当v趋近于0时,Ir-Ta/Ti和Pt/Ti电极的q*t分别为0.21和0.66C,表明Pt/Ti电极的活性位点总量多于Ir-Ta/Ti电极,但其有效活性点位比值(q*o/q*t)远低于后者,进一步说明Ir-Ta/Ti电极良好的析氯活性.
图2是两种电极的LSV测试曲线.在电压分别超过1.3和1.64V后,电流急剧上升,这是发生析氯反应所致[22].相同电压下,Ir-Ta/Ti电极的响应电流密度高于Pt/Ti电极,这一现象在高浓度Cl-环境下尤为明显,佐证了Ir-Ta/Ti电极析氯活性较强的结论.此外,Ir-Ta/Ti电极的催化起始电位(拐点电位)比Pt/Ti电极更低,意味着析氯反应所需的过电位较小[23],有利于析氯反应的进行.
图3为两种电极的DFT计算模型.利用如下公式计算对活性氯自由基的吸附能[24],进一步确定电极在析氯反应中的不同作用:
式中:ΔEadsEadsEslab分别代表自由基吸附能,表面吸附自由基后的能量,自由基的能量以及光滑表面的能量.计算结果显示,Ir-Ta/Ti和Pt/Ti电极对活性氯自由基的吸附能分别为-214.634和-265.042KJ/mol,表明Pt/Ti电极更具吸附活性氯自由基的倾向.与Pt/Ti电极相比,活性氯自由基更易从Ir-Ta/Ti电极表面脱附,从而参与其他反应.DFT计算和电化学测试结果证明,Ir-Ta/Ti电极在活性氯的析出和解吸上更具优势,可在相同反应环境中生成更多的活性氯等物质参与反应.
图4为两种电极在不同环境下对RhB的去除结果.同为0.8wt%浓度的条件下,Ir-Ta/Ti和Pt/Ti电极在Na2SO4体系中分别去除了25%和20%的RhB,远低于在NaCl体系中的74%和52%,突显了含氯体系下去除RhB的优势.然而,在NaCl体系中额外加入H2O2后,去除效果不增反降,且体系在引入H2O2后反应电压急剧降低,随后缓慢回升.已有研究指出阴极产生的H2O2可以分解为有助于产生1O2的HO2-[12],生成1O2的具体反应为:
外加H2O2造成去除效率降低的可能原因如下:(1)短期过量的H2O2加入导致体系内额外释放大量离子和质子,降低反应电压,不利于析氯等反应进行;(2)过量的HO2-可能会扰乱反应式(9)的平衡,阻碍1O2产生.因此,若想通过H2O2分解产生更多的HO2-来催生1O2,相比于外加H2O2,改性阴极材料以促进H2O2的产生更易调控.
进行淬灭实验验证主要活性物种在两种电极去除RhB过程中的贡献,结果如图5所示.在图5(a)和(b)中,对Ir-Ta/Ti电极体系使用TBA、BQ和FA淬灭·OH、·O2-1O2,抑制效果分别为0.4%,32.4%和36%,说明1O2起主导作用,·O2-其次,·OH无效.在Pt/Ti电极中(图5(c)和(d)),·OH同样未起作用,淬灭·O2-1O2后对RhB去除效率的抑制效果分别为28%和13%,表明·O2-占主导地位,1O2次之.相同条件(0.8wt% NaCl)下,1O2在Ir-Ta/Ti电极中产量更高,是因为相比于Pt/Ti电极,Ir-Ta/Ti电极具有更强的析氯活性,能够促使更多的ClO-参与产生1O2的反应.Ir-Ta/Ti电极析氯活性更强的原因如下:在含氯体系下的CV测试中,Ir-Ta/Ti电极的q*o更大;LSV测试中,相同电压下Ir-Ta/Ti电极的电流密度更大;DFT计算结果显示,活性氯等物质更容易从Ir-Ta/Ti电极的表面脱附.这些结果综合表明,Ir-Ta/Ti电极在活性氯的析出和脱附上更具优势,具备更好的析氯活性.此外,·O2-的地位变化表明ClO-会影响O2在反应过程中的选择性.ClO-产量较高时,O2倾向于被转化为HO2-来参与生成1O2的反应;反之,则更易于转化为·O2-直接与污染物分子发生反应.
图6(a)和(b)所示为不同NaCl浓度下两种电极对RhB的去除效果.随着NaCl浓度从0.4wt%增至1.2wt%,Ir-Ta/Ti电极对RhB的去除率从52%增至94%(图6(a)),这不仅是由于电导率提高所致,还因高Cl-浓度有利于Cl2和ClO-形成,从而促进1O2产生.然而,浓度进一步增加至1.6wt%时,RhB的去除率不增反降,与之前报道的现象相似[12].这是由于Cl-浓度过高,在短时间内产生过多的活性氯,导致副反应的发生[25]
因此,过高的Cl-浓度反而会使得ClO-内耗,从而抑制1O2的产生.相比之下,Pt/Ti电极对RhB的去除率(从36.5%到96%)随NaCl浓度(从0.4wt%到1.6wt%)的提高而增加(图6(b)),这是Pt/Ti电极析氯活性较低所致.尽管环境条件相同,Pt/Ti电极体系在1.6wt%的NaCl浓度下产生的ClO-并不会过量,仍能有效生成1O2.
为深入分析两种电极在不同NaCl浓度下的降解机理,进行了1O2淬灭实验.从图6(c)和(d)表2可见,在Pt/Ti电极中,随着NaCl浓度的增加,淬灭1O2对RhB去除率的抑制效果由1.1%增至59.1%.而在Ir-Ta/Ti电极中,淬灭1O2在NaCl浓度为1.2wt%时达到最高的抑制效果(59.7%).当NaCl浓度继续增加,1O2的作用减弱.这些结果佐证了Cl-浓度和电极析氯活性对1O2产量的影响.
除Cl-浓度和H2O2外,O2也是影响1O2产生的重要环境因素.O2能够在阴极被转化为生成1O2所需的HO2-,且相比于H2O2,O2更易于缓慢、均匀地加入反应体系.因此,在NaCl浓度为1.6wt%的条件下缓速通入O2后,两种电极对RhB的去除效率如图7所示.在Ir-Ta/Ti电极中,通入O2后RhB去除效率显著提高(图7(a));而在Pt/Ti电极中,效果截然相反(图7(b)).原因分析如下:在1.6wt%NaCl溶液中,Ir-Ta/Ti电极由于析氯活性较好,体系中产生的ClO-相较于HO2-来说是过量的,此时额外加入O2可转化为更多HO2-与ClO-反应,更接近最佳的反应平衡,有益于1O2的产生.而Pt/Ti电极的析氯活性比Ir-Ta/Ti电极低,在相同Cl-浓度下体系中产生的ClO-并未过量,额外通入O2会产生更多无法与ClO-反应的HO2-,进一步打破反应平衡,不利于1O2的产生.这也证明生成1O2所需的ClO-与HO2-是否过量是相对的,而不是绝对的.
基于上述分析,可对电化学氯介导产1O2的反应机理进行进一步推导,并提出在不同环境下促进1O2产生的策略:在各类环境情况下,由于待处理废水已溶有少量O2且阳极不可避免地会发生析氧副反应,低Cl-浓度体系中ClO-产量较少,HO2-过剩,大量O2被迫转化为·O2-直接与污染物分子反应,阻碍了1O2生成.此时提高ClO-产量可有效催生1O2,方法如下:(1)增加溶液中Cl-的浓度;(2)通过对阳极改性或比选,使用析氧电位高、析氯电位低的阳极.而高Cl-浓度体系中ClO-会过量产生,HO2-不足,导致ClO-大量内耗,从而降低1O2的产量.此时促进1O2产生的关键是生成更多的HO2-,方法如下:(1)以适当流速向体系中通入O2;(2)通过对阳极改性或比选,使用析氧电位低、析氯电位高的阳极;(3)通过对阴极改性或比选,选择产H2O2性能较高的阴极.外加H2O2由于投加量难以把控、成本较高等问题,故不推荐使用.
为研究RhB的降解历程,本次工作对Pt/Ti电极在不同环境下去除RhB的UV全谱进行检测,结果见图8(a)和(b).在554nm处有明显的特征吸收峰,对应RhB的蒽醌结构[26];305nm处的肩峰代表有机小分子等不饱和体系的吸收峰[27].200~300以及355nm处的特征峰代表二乙氨基(-N(CH2CH32)结构.在低Cl-浓度环境下,随着反应的进行,各吸收峰缓慢减弱,未出现新的特征峰,表明成功破坏了分子结构.而在高Cl-浓度环境下,各特征吸收峰的降低速率显著增加,充分展示了1O2降解RhB的优越性.结合UV光谱变化及以往研究[28-29],推测RhB的分解包括以下4个步骤:(1)去乙基化;(2)发光基团裂解;(3)开环;(4)矿化,可能的降解途径如图8(c)所示.在高Cl-浓度环境下,反应进行10min后,一些短波长处的吸收峰几乎消失,表明裂解后的发光基团可能会直接转化为CO2和H2O,进一步验证了利用1O2降解的巨大潜力.
总览上述实验结果,尽管现有结论表明维持ClO-与HO2-之间的反应平衡有益于电催生1O2,但不同情况下的最佳平衡比尚未定量,仍需要在未来的工作中进一步探索,以便提供更加精确的理论指导.
3.1 电化学测试和DFT计算结果表明,相比于Pt/Ti电极,Ir-Ta/Ti电极在活性氯的析出和脱附方面更具优势.
3.21O2为主导的电化学降解体系中,在低施加电流下对RhB的去除效率可达96%以上且降解路径变短,极具研究和实用价值.
3.3 高效产生1O2的基础是保持体系中产生的ClO-与HO2-之间的平衡,任何一方过量都会抑制1O2的生成.
3.4 Cl-浓度较低时,宜选择析氯活性高且析氧活性低的阳极,阴极应避免H2O2产生;Cl-浓度较高时,阳极应具备高析氧活性和低析氯活性,阴极则应具有高产H2O2的能力.
  • 国家自然科学基金资助项目(51978654)
  • 江苏省自然科学-金-资助项目(BK20211248)
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2025年第45卷第1期
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  • 接收时间:2024-06-03
  • 首发时间:2026-03-18
  • 出版时间:2025-01-20
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  • 收稿日期:2024-06-03
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国家自然科学基金资助项目(51978654)
江苏省自然科学-金-资助项目(BK20211248)
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    中国矿业大学环境与测绘学院,江苏 徐州 221116

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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