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To alleviate the harmful effects of salinization on soil micro-ecological environments, this study investigates the restorative effects of a dual microbial system on saline-alkaline soil. The experiment used the tomato variety 'Zhongshu No. 4'(Lycopersicon esculentum L.) as the test plant and tested arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and Bacillus subtilis as inoculants. Inoculations were carried out using pot culture and root drenching methods, with saline-alkaline solutions at concentrations of 15mmol/L (SA1), 75mmol/L (SA2), and 150mmol/L (SA3), to assess the effects of exogenous AMF and B. subtilis on the soil micro-ecological environment under saline-alkaline stress. Results showed that both AMF+B. subtilis sterilisation solution (Gm) and AMF steriliser+B. subtilis (B) moderately improved the saline-alkaline soil conditions. However, the dual treatment (Gm+B)demonstrated the most pronounced remediation effect. Under the dual inoculation, plant height increased significantly, by 57.52%compared to the blank control (CK1) and by 58.04% compared to the inactivated inoculant control (CK2). In the Gm+B group, soil organic matter increased by a maximum of 47.15% compared to CK1, exceeding the growth observed in the Gm and B treatments alone. Significant increases in soil total nitrogen (N), available phosphorus (P), and available potassium (K) were observed, with improvements of 38.85% (SA2+Gm+B), 465.20% (SA1+Gm+B), and 157.75% (SA3+Gm+B), respectively. Soil enzyme activities, including urease, sucrase, and catalase, were markedly enhanced under dual treatment, with increases of 63.64% (SA2+Gm+B),209.63% (SA3+Gm+B), and 45.26% (SA3+Gm+B), respectively. Soil bacterial, fungal, and actinomycete populations increased to 1.93, 1.25, and 4.37times those of CK1under SA2+Gm+B and SA3+Gm+B, indicating a substantial improvement in the rhizosphere microbial community structure. The synergistic interaction of AMF and B. subtilis reduced soil pH and electrical conductivity while significantly increasing soil moisture content. N, P, and K levels showed an upward trend, and AMF colonization rates were enhanced, effectively mitigating the negative effects of saline-alkaline soil on enzyme activities and promoting root and stem development. Therefore, the AMF-B. subtilis dual microbial system demonstrates strong potential for effective ecological restoration of saline-alkaline soil microenvironments.

, correspAuthors=Hua-chang HONG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Bin-yu YE, Yue YU, Pei-yi HE, Qi-xiao XIE, Rui-ying YANG, Jia-rui WU, Yi-lin LIU, Zi-ran LIN, Wei-yu LAI, Ling-yi XU, Peng LIU, Hua-chang HONG), CN=ArticleExt(id=1241049974604099731, articleId=1241049968325227454, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1234093305789726721, language=CN, title=丛枝菌根真菌-枯草芽孢杆菌组合体系对盐碱土壤微生态的修复作用, columnId=1234106388268503686, journalTitle=中国环境科学, columnName=环境生态, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

为缓解盐碱化对土壤微生态环境造成的危害,探究双菌组合体系对盐碱土壤微生态的修复作用,本文以中蔬四号番茄(Lycopersicon esculentum L.)品种为试验材料,丛枝菌根真菌(AMF)和枯草芽孢杆菌为试验菌剂,分别采用盆栽培养法和灌根法接种菌剂,通过盆栽实验,设置15(SA1),75(SA2),150mmol/L(SA3)盐碱溶液浓度,探明外施AMF与枯草芽孢杆菌对盐碱胁迫下供试番茄土壤微生态环境的影响.AMF+枯草芽孢杆菌灭菌液(Gm)、AMF灭菌物+枯草芽孢杆菌(B)组对盐碱土壤具有一定改善作用,而双菌处理(Gm+B)组具有更强的治理效果.双菌处理下,株高较空白对照组(CK1)增长最为显著,提高了57.52%,较添加灭活菌液对照组(CK2)提高了58.04%. Gm+B组与对应浓度盐胁迫下CK1相比,土壤有机质最高上升47.15%,大于Gm、B组增幅,同时全氮(N),速效磷(P)和速效钾(K)含量显著提高,分别提升38.85%(SA2+Gm+B)、465.20%(SA1+Gm+B)、和157.75%(SA3+Gm+B).土壤脲酶、蔗糖酶和过氧化氢酶活性均于双菌处理下得到显著增强,分别提高了63.64%(SA2+Gm+B)、209.63%(SA3+Gm+B)和45.26%(SA3+Gm+B).土壤中细菌、真菌、放线菌数目最大增长幅度为CK1的1.93倍(SA2+Gm+B)、1.25倍(SA2+Gm+B)和4.37倍(SA3+Gm+B),根际微生物群落结构得到一定的改善.接种的两种生态功能菌群协同互作使盐碱土pH值和电导率降低,含水量显著增加.N、P、K含量呈上升趋势,提高丛枝菌根真菌侵染率,削弱盐碱土壤对酶活性的损害程度,促进植物根茎发育.因此,丛枝菌根真菌-枯草芽孢杆菌组合体系具有对盐碱土壤微环境进行有效生态恢复的潜力.

, correspAuthors=洪华嫦, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
*责任作者,教授,
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叶玢妤(2002-),女,浙江杭州人,硕士,主要从事微生物治理.发表论文2篇..

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叶玢妤(2002-),女,浙江杭州人,硕士,主要从事微生物治理.发表论文2篇..

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叶玢妤(2002-),女,浙江杭州人,硕士,主要从事微生物治理.发表论文2篇..

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Northern Horticulture2016,(24):124-127., articleTitle=Control effect of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and Bacillus subtilis on fusarium wilt of watermelon, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1241049998389997721, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1234093305789726721, articleId=1241049968325227454, awardId=31971426, language=CN, fundingSource=国家自然科学基金资助项目(31971426), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1241049998603907233, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1234093305789726721, articleId=1241049968325227454, awardId=21C03005, language=CN, fundingSource=浙江省自然科学基金资助项目(21C03005), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1241049998780068020, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1234093305789726721, articleId=1241049968325227454, awardId=17C03001, language=CN, fundingSource=浙江省自然科学基金资助项目(17C03001), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1241049999023337673, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1234093305789726721, articleId=1241049968325227454, awardId=S202310345002, language=CN, fundingSource=浙江省大学生创新创业训练计划项目(S202310345002), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1241049975510069446, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1234093305789726721, articleId=1241049968325227454, xref=1., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241049975522652359, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1234093305789726721, articleId=1241049968325227454, companyId=1241049975510069446, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241049975547818186, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1234093305789726721, articleId=1241049968325227454, companyId=1241049975510069446, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.浙江师范大学生命科学学院,浙江 金华 321004)]), AuthorCompany(id=1241049975728173268, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1234093305789726721, articleId=1241049968325227454, xref=2., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241049975874973913, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1234093305789726721, articleId=1241049968325227454, companyId=1241049975728173268, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Zhejiang Normal University Jinhua, 321004, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241049975883362522, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1234093305789726721, articleId=1241049968325227454, companyId=1241049975728173268, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.浙江师范大学化学与材料科学学院,浙江 金华 321004)]), AuthorCompany(id=1241049976139215075, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1234093305789726721, articleId=1241049968325227454, xref=3., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241049976143409380, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1234093305789726721, articleId=1241049968325227454, companyId=1241049976139215075, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3.College of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241049976151797990, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1234093305789726721, articleId=1241049968325227454, companyId=1241049976139215075, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3.浙江师范大学地理与环境科学学院,浙江 金华 321004)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1241049993151312813, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1234093305789726721, articleId=1241049968325227454, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=Statistics of plant height(a) and root length(b) of Zhongshu No.4, figureFileSmall=M8y1OxehT4UzZtwsuPKDFg==, figureFileBig=6NcoS8D6iNY4yLhhMp1BZg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241049993268753340, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1234093305789726721, articleId=1241049968325227454, language=CN, label=图1, caption=中蔬四号株高和根长统计图

不同字母表示差异显著,P<0.05,下同

, figureFileSmall=M8y1OxehT4UzZtwsuPKDFg==, figureFileBig=6NcoS8D6iNY4yLhhMp1BZg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241049993772069855, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1234093305789726721, articleId=1241049968325227454, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=Effect of different treatments on organic matter in saline-alkali soil, figureFileSmall=BG9NJ7CM8oHnEMCsbvonVw==, figureFileBig=bfCMAuzT84g/T6r7z0b+gQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241049994027922411, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1234093305789726721, articleId=1241049968325227454, language=CN, label=图2, caption=不同处理对盐碱土壤有机质的影响, figureFileSmall=BG9NJ7CM8oHnEMCsbvonVw==, figureFileBig=bfCMAuzT84g/T6r7z0b+gQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241049994220860415, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1234093305789726721, articleId=1241049968325227454, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=Changes in soil total nitrogen(a), available phosphorus(b), and available potassium(c), figureFileSmall=MvQO07U6WP3Gn4+9lXvK/A==, figureFileBig=W1LNyd0DD+xD7uf5ioVDPQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241049994397020168, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1234093305789726721, articleId=1241049968325227454, language=CN, label=图3, caption=土壤全氮、速效磷和速效钾的变化, figureFileSmall=MvQO07U6WP3Gn4+9lXvK/A==, figureFileBig=W1LNyd0DD+xD7uf5ioVDPQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241049994715787294, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1234093305789726721, articleId=1241049968325227454, language=EN, label=Fig.4, caption=Changes in soil urease activity(a)、soil sucrase activity(b)、soil catalase activity(c), figureFileSmall=8hCq3RkKvAFV4Jt5Rdp9TA==, figureFileBig=YoRAeuEgy4kmvDZgUQFD7A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241049994812256290, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1234093305789726721, articleId=1241049968325227454, language=CN, label=图4, caption=土壤脲酶、蔗糖酶、过氧化氢酶活性的变化, figureFileSmall=8hCq3RkKvAFV4Jt5Rdp9TA==, figureFileBig=YoRAeuEgy4kmvDZgUQFD7A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241049996443840563, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1234093305789726721, articleId=1241049968325227454, language=EN, label=Fig.5, caption=Changes in AMF infection rate under single bacterial(AMF) and double bacterial (AMF, B. subtilis) treatments, figureFileSmall=/fedFlS2x/02vhLNxHacHQ==, figureFileBig=AZZLThNxpOOX5iQdYFlqpQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241049997068791877, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1234093305789726721, articleId=1241049968325227454, language=CN, label=图5, caption=单菌(AMF)和双菌(AMF、枯草芽孢杆菌)处理下的AMF侵染率变化, figureFileSmall=/fedFlS2x/02vhLNxHacHQ==, figureFileBig=AZZLThNxpOOX5iQdYFlqpQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241049997253341264, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1234093305789726721, articleId=1241049968325227454, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Experimental grouping table

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
处理CK1(无菌处理)CK2(接种双细菌灭菌物)Gm(AMF+枯草芽孢杆菌灭菌液)B(AMF灭菌物+枯草芽孢杆菌)Gm+B(AMF+枯草芽孢杆菌)
SA1SA1+CK1SA1+CK1SA1+GmSA1+BSA1+Gm+B
SA2SA2+CK1SA2+CK1SA2+GmSA2+BSA2+Gm+B
SA3SA3+CK1SA3+CK1SA3+GmSA3+BSA3+Gm+B
), ArticleFig(id=1241049997492416603, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1234093305789726721, articleId=1241049968325227454, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

实验分组表

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
处理CK1(无菌处理)CK2(接种双细菌灭菌物)Gm(AMF+枯草芽孢杆菌灭菌液)B(AMF灭菌物+枯草芽孢杆菌)Gm+B(AMF+枯草芽孢杆菌)
SA1SA1+CK1SA1+CK1SA1+GmSA1+BSA1+Gm+B
SA2SA2+CK1SA2+CK1SA2+GmSA2+BSA2+Gm+B
SA3SA3+CK1SA3+CK1SA3+GmSA3+BSA3+Gm+B
), ArticleFig(id=1241049997672771685, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1234093305789726721, articleId=1241049968325227454, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Changes in soil pH, water content and conductivity

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
处理pH值含水量(%)电导率(mS/cm)
SA1CK18.50±0.01ab7.86±0.13d0.92±0.03a
CK28.50±0.01ab7.92±0.09d0.95±0.03a
Gm8.52±0.02a11.34±0.11b0.81±0.03b
B8.48±0.02b9.64±0.16c0.69±0.05c
Gm+B8.43±0.01c15.06±0.24a0.56±0.03d
SA2CK18.56±0.01a5.32±0.14d1.03±0.02a
CK28.54±0.01a5.41±0.10d1.07±0.02a
Gm8.42±0.02b7.64±0.15c0.89±0.05b
B8.43±0.02b9.35±0.16b0.80±0.06bc
Gm+B8.28±0.01c12.94±0.10a0.74±0.02c
SA3CK18.67±0.03a5.15±0.23c1.21±0.03a
CK28.69±0.01a5.23±0.15c1.22±0.01a
Gm8.54±0.01b5.36±0.18c1.05±0.05b
B8.43±0.02c7.90±0.17b0.96±0.02c
Gm+B8.41±0.02c12.24±0.17a0.90±0.03d
), ArticleFig(id=1241049997777629298, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1234093305789726721, articleId=1241049968325227454, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

不同盐浓度处理后土壤pH值、含水量和电导率的变化

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
处理pH值含水量(%)电导率(mS/cm)
SA1CK18.50±0.01ab7.86±0.13d0.92±0.03a
CK28.50±0.01ab7.92±0.09d0.95±0.03a
Gm8.52±0.02a11.34±0.11b0.81±0.03b
B8.48±0.02b9.64±0.16c0.69±0.05c
Gm+B8.43±0.01c15.06±0.24a0.56±0.03d
SA2CK18.56±0.01a5.32±0.14d1.03±0.02a
CK28.54±0.01a5.41±0.10d1.07±0.02a
Gm8.42±0.02b7.64±0.15c0.89±0.05b
B8.43±0.02b9.35±0.16b0.80±0.06bc
Gm+B8.28±0.01c12.94±0.10a0.74±0.02c
SA3CK18.67±0.03a5.15±0.23c1.21±0.03a
CK28.69±0.01a5.23±0.15c1.22±0.01a
Gm8.54±0.01b5.36±0.18c1.05±0.05b
B8.43±0.02c7.90±0.17b0.96±0.02c
Gm+B8.41±0.02c12.24±0.17a0.90±0.03d
), ArticleFig(id=1241049997890875515, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1234093305789726721, articleId=1241049968325227454, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Effects of AMF and B. subtilis on soil microbiota under salt alkali stress

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
处理真菌(×104cfu/g)细菌(×103cfu/g)放线菌(×104cfu/g)
SA1CK138.33±4.25d2.42±0.12b17.50±3.54d
CK238.66±3.72d2.58±0.12b17.58±3.14d
Gm49.17±3.12c2.51±0.12c25.83±3.12c
B59.16±3.92b1.33±0.12d35.00±4.08b
Gm+B69.67±3.01a2.67±0.12a47.50±5.40a
SA2CK132.33±2.32c2.00±0.20b13.33±3.11c
CK232.83±2.62c2.00±0.20b13.33±2.71c
Gm47.50±5.35b2.23±0.12b20.83±6.56b
B51.00±2.85b1.33±0.12c27.50±5.40b
Gm+B62.33±4.48a2.50±0.20a36.67±2.36a
SA3CK127.83±2.05d1.67±0.12b6.67±2.36c
CK227.91±2.54d1.42±0.12b6.58±2.25c
Gm39.00±2.54c1.78±0.12b14.17±3.12b
B46.67±3.57b1.08±0.12c19.49±2.04b
Gm+B55.00±4.30a2.00±0.20a29.17±1.18a
), ArticleFig(id=1241049998117367946, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1234093305789726721, articleId=1241049968325227454, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

AMF、枯草芽孢杆菌对盐碱胁迫土壤微生物的影响

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
处理真菌(×104cfu/g)细菌(×103cfu/g)放线菌(×104cfu/g)
SA1CK138.33±4.25d2.42±0.12b17.50±3.54d
CK238.66±3.72d2.58±0.12b17.58±3.14d
Gm49.17±3.12c2.51±0.12c25.83±3.12c
B59.16±3.92b1.33±0.12d35.00±4.08b
Gm+B69.67±3.01a2.67±0.12a47.50±5.40a
SA2CK132.33±2.32c2.00±0.20b13.33±3.11c
CK232.83±2.62c2.00±0.20b13.33±2.71c
Gm47.50±5.35b2.23±0.12b20.83±6.56b
B51.00±2.85b1.33±0.12c27.50±5.40b
Gm+B62.33±4.48a2.50±0.20a36.67±2.36a
SA3CK127.83±2.05d1.67±0.12b6.67±2.36c
CK227.91±2.54d1.42±0.12b6.58±2.25c
Gm39.00±2.54c1.78±0.12b14.17±3.12b
B46.67±3.57b1.08±0.12c19.49±2.04b
Gm+B55.00±4.30a2.00±0.20a29.17±1.18a
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丛枝菌根真菌-枯草芽孢杆菌组合体系对盐碱土壤微生态的修复作用
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叶玢妤 1 , 俞跃 1 , 何沛益 2 , 谢启晓 1 , 杨瑞滢 3 , 吴嘉睿 1 , 刘怡琳 1 , 林子然 1 , 赖威宇 1 , 许凌祎 1 , 刘鹏 1 , 洪华嫦 3, *
中国环境科学 | 环境生态 2025,45(1): 440-449
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中国环境科学 | 环境生态 2025, 45(1): 440-449
丛枝菌根真菌-枯草芽孢杆菌组合体系对盐碱土壤微生态的修复作用
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叶玢妤1 , 俞跃1, 何沛益2, 谢启晓1, 杨瑞滢3, 吴嘉睿1, 刘怡琳1, 林子然1, 赖威宇1, 许凌祎1, 刘鹏1, 洪华嫦3, *
作者信息
  • 1.浙江师范大学生命科学学院,浙江 金华 321004
  • 2.浙江师范大学化学与材料科学学院,浙江 金华 321004
  • 3.浙江师范大学地理与环境科学学院,浙江 金华 321004
  • 叶玢妤(2002-),女,浙江杭州人,硕士,主要从事微生物治理.发表论文2篇..

通讯作者:

*责任作者,教授,
Remediation of saline-alkali soil microecology by a combined system of mycorrhizal fungus-Bacillus subtilis
Bin-yu YE1 , Yue YU1, Pei-yi HE2, Qi-xiao XIE1, Rui-ying YANG3, Jia-rui WU1, Yi-lin LIU1, Zi-ran LIN1, Wei-yu LAI1, Ling-yi XU1, Peng LIU1, Hua-chang HONG3, *
Affiliations
  • 1.College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China
  • 2.College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Zhejiang Normal University Jinhua, 321004, China
  • 3.College of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China
出版时间: 2025-01-20
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为缓解盐碱化对土壤微生态环境造成的危害,探究双菌组合体系对盐碱土壤微生态的修复作用,本文以中蔬四号番茄(Lycopersicon esculentum L.)品种为试验材料,丛枝菌根真菌(AMF)和枯草芽孢杆菌为试验菌剂,分别采用盆栽培养法和灌根法接种菌剂,通过盆栽实验,设置15(SA1),75(SA2),150mmol/L(SA3)盐碱溶液浓度,探明外施AMF与枯草芽孢杆菌对盐碱胁迫下供试番茄土壤微生态环境的影响.AMF+枯草芽孢杆菌灭菌液(Gm)、AMF灭菌物+枯草芽孢杆菌(B)组对盐碱土壤具有一定改善作用,而双菌处理(Gm+B)组具有更强的治理效果.双菌处理下,株高较空白对照组(CK1)增长最为显著,提高了57.52%,较添加灭活菌液对照组(CK2)提高了58.04%. Gm+B组与对应浓度盐胁迫下CK1相比,土壤有机质最高上升47.15%,大于Gm、B组增幅,同时全氮(N),速效磷(P)和速效钾(K)含量显著提高,分别提升38.85%(SA2+Gm+B)、465.20%(SA1+Gm+B)、和157.75%(SA3+Gm+B).土壤脲酶、蔗糖酶和过氧化氢酶活性均于双菌处理下得到显著增强,分别提高了63.64%(SA2+Gm+B)、209.63%(SA3+Gm+B)和45.26%(SA3+Gm+B).土壤中细菌、真菌、放线菌数目最大增长幅度为CK1的1.93倍(SA2+Gm+B)、1.25倍(SA2+Gm+B)和4.37倍(SA3+Gm+B),根际微生物群落结构得到一定的改善.接种的两种生态功能菌群协同互作使盐碱土pH值和电导率降低,含水量显著增加.N、P、K含量呈上升趋势,提高丛枝菌根真菌侵染率,削弱盐碱土壤对酶活性的损害程度,促进植物根茎发育.因此,丛枝菌根真菌-枯草芽孢杆菌组合体系具有对盐碱土壤微环境进行有效生态恢复的潜力.

AMF  /  枯草芽孢杆菌  /  盐碱胁迫  /  土壤微生态  /  修复作用

To alleviate the harmful effects of salinization on soil micro-ecological environments, this study investigates the restorative effects of a dual microbial system on saline-alkaline soil. The experiment used the tomato variety 'Zhongshu No. 4'(Lycopersicon esculentum L.) as the test plant and tested arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and Bacillus subtilis as inoculants. Inoculations were carried out using pot culture and root drenching methods, with saline-alkaline solutions at concentrations of 15mmol/L (SA1), 75mmol/L (SA2), and 150mmol/L (SA3), to assess the effects of exogenous AMF and B. subtilis on the soil micro-ecological environment under saline-alkaline stress. Results showed that both AMF+B. subtilis sterilisation solution (Gm) and AMF steriliser+B. subtilis (B) moderately improved the saline-alkaline soil conditions. However, the dual treatment (Gm+B)demonstrated the most pronounced remediation effect. Under the dual inoculation, plant height increased significantly, by 57.52%compared to the blank control (CK1) and by 58.04% compared to the inactivated inoculant control (CK2). In the Gm+B group, soil organic matter increased by a maximum of 47.15% compared to CK1, exceeding the growth observed in the Gm and B treatments alone. Significant increases in soil total nitrogen (N), available phosphorus (P), and available potassium (K) were observed, with improvements of 38.85% (SA2+Gm+B), 465.20% (SA1+Gm+B), and 157.75% (SA3+Gm+B), respectively. Soil enzyme activities, including urease, sucrase, and catalase, were markedly enhanced under dual treatment, with increases of 63.64% (SA2+Gm+B),209.63% (SA3+Gm+B), and 45.26% (SA3+Gm+B), respectively. Soil bacterial, fungal, and actinomycete populations increased to 1.93, 1.25, and 4.37times those of CK1under SA2+Gm+B and SA3+Gm+B, indicating a substantial improvement in the rhizosphere microbial community structure. The synergistic interaction of AMF and B. subtilis reduced soil pH and electrical conductivity while significantly increasing soil moisture content. N, P, and K levels showed an upward trend, and AMF colonization rates were enhanced, effectively mitigating the negative effects of saline-alkaline soil on enzyme activities and promoting root and stem development. Therefore, the AMF-B. subtilis dual microbial system demonstrates strong potential for effective ecological restoration of saline-alkaline soil microenvironments.

AMF  /  Bacillus subtilis  /  saline-alkali stress  /  soil microecology  /  recovery effect
叶玢妤, 俞跃, 何沛益, 谢启晓, 杨瑞滢, 吴嘉睿, 刘怡琳, 林子然, 赖威宇, 许凌祎, 刘鹏, 洪华嫦. 丛枝菌根真菌-枯草芽孢杆菌组合体系对盐碱土壤微生态的修复作用. 中国环境科学, 2025 , 45 (1) : 440 -449 .
Bin-yu YE, Yue YU, Pei-yi HE, Qi-xiao XIE, Rui-ying YANG, Jia-rui WU, Yi-lin LIU, Zi-ran LIN, Wei-yu LAI, Ling-yi XU, Peng LIU, Hua-chang HONG. Remediation of saline-alkali soil microecology by a combined system of mycorrhizal fungus-Bacillus subtilis[J]. China Environmental Science, 2025 , 45 (1) : 440 -449 .
土壤盐碱化是影响全球农林业生产、发展和生态环境的重大问题,其过高的盐离子浓度主要通过渗透胁迫、离子毒害和氧化胁迫等方式对植物造成伤害,阻碍其生长[1].国内外相关报道指出,土体中盐碱成分占比较高,会导致其有机磷(P)、交换性钙(Ca)含量减少,pH值、水解氮(N)等呈先降后升再降的趋势[2].同时,随着盐碱化程度加深,生物量显著降低,蔗糖酶、脲酶活性受到抑制[3].田间土壤微生物量碳和氮均随着土壤盐浓度的升高而逐渐下降,反映了盐分胁迫对土壤微生物具有显著的抑制效应,影响土壤微生物量及区系种群结构,减小其活性养分库[4].番茄(Lycopersicon esculentum L.)为茄科(Solanaceae)番茄属(Lycopersicon)草本植物,是我国重要食用和药用农产品之一,市场潜力突出.黄淮海、长江、西北等地为我国主要番茄产地,然而近年来,不合理施肥和灌溉引起的番茄种植区土壤次生盐渍化日益严峻[5],已成为制约我国番茄产业可持续高效发展的重要因素[6].基于此,寻找一种能够有效降低土壤盐碱化水平的方式,具有重要的经济与生态意义.
土壤根际微环境是土壤特殊微域之一,植物、微生物、土壤在此区域中进行互作[7].丛枝菌根真菌(AMF)能够与大多数陆生植物形成共生体,具有分泌有机酸、增强多种土壤酶活性、促进植株根系对土壤养分的转换及有效活化等多种功能[8-9].研究表明,AMF能促进土壤养分的活化,显著影响林下植被群落组成并增加生物量[10],具有提高土壤P有效性,促进土壤中有效N、P向植物体内的转移,维持土壤N、P平衡等功能[11].另有研究发现,Gm接种能够增加土壤真菌群落的丰富度与多样性,提升土壤酶活性[13-14],且其在提高土壤有效磷和有效钾方面较根内球囊霉菌(Gi)更为显著[12].枯草芽孢杆菌(Bacillus subtilis Cohn)作为植物盐碱胁迫的理想促生菌,能够分泌有机酸,产生多种活性物质,改变土壤微生态结构,其分泌物可加速氮、磷、钾的释放,使土壤中脲酶、蛋白酶和蔗糖酶等活性加强,从而改变土壤养分[15].实验表明,枯草芽孢杆菌不仅可提升甜瓜(Cucumis melo L.)生长指标(株高、茎粗、叶面积)[16],在盐碱土壤优化方面也有显著作用,如侯亚玲等[17]通过模拟土面蒸发试验和土壤持水性能试验,证明施加枯草芽孢杆菌后土壤累积蒸发量、蒸发速率以及土壤的含盐量均显著降低,表明枯草芽孢杆菌在优化土壤保水性能、改良盐碱地方面具有卓越贡献.
土壤和植物组织中的AMF和植物根际促生菌相互合作,通过增加营养、植物根系的菌丝渗透性、细菌存活以及抵御生物和非生物胁迫来促进植物生长,如来自微生物的信号被同源植物免疫受体感知以启动防御或共生反应[18].研究发现,AMF和芽孢杆菌属不仅在促进植物生存方面存在协同效应,能够增强植物养分吸收、保护其免受病原体的侵害以及减轻其非生物胁迫[19],在修复污染土壤方面也有显著作用[20].但现今国内外学者多探索植物-微生物之间的关系,而对微生物改善土壤的研究较少,且主要采用单种生物菌剂缓解盐碱胁迫危害,有关AMF和枯草芽孢杆菌互作修复盐碱地的探索少见相关报道.由此,本文在不同盐浓度胁迫下,设置AMF及枯草芽孢杆菌的单接种与双接种,探究两种促生菌的协同作用及联合防治成效,为其在盐碱土种植栽培作物的相关探索提供理论依据与技术支持,以期推动农业绿色发展和生态环境持续恢复.
试验于2022年6月~2023年10月在浙江师范大学植物学实验室进行.选取中蔬四号(Zhongshu No. 4)番茄作为供试植物,供试真菌为摩西球囊霉菌(Glomus mosseae,Gm),购自长江大学园艺园林学院根系生物学研究所,ACCC 60429枯草芽孢杆菌(Bacillus subtilis,B)购自中国农业微生物保藏管理中心.
采用盆栽培养法[21],以红花三叶草为寄主植物扩繁AMF,扩繁基质为红壤和河沙的混合物(1:1).种子经3%双氧水消毒5min后,再使用无菌水反复冲洗.设CK1(空白对照)、CK2(添加灭活菌液)、Gm(AMF+枯草芽孢杆菌灭菌液)、B(AMF灭菌物+枯草芽孢杆菌)、Gm+B(AMF+枯草芽孢杆菌)5个接种处理.盆钵用70%的酒精擦拭后晾干,每盆填充2/3经高压蒸汽灭菌后的等量红壤和河沙的混合土壤,将15g Gm菌剂平铺其上,将消毒后的20粒种子均匀播种后再覆盖一层河沙,喷水湿润.于23~28℃,光照15h/d培养一定生长期后,去除地上部分植物体,收获菌根化根段、土壤中的菌丝体和根围土壤组成的接种混合物[22].枯草芽孢杆菌菌株转移到牛肉膏蛋白胨液体培养基上,在28℃下震荡培养30h,稀释细菌悬浮液至浓度为3×108cfu/mL[23].
选用菜园土和河砂,过2mm土壤筛,并于1×105Pa下进行湿热灭菌[11,24].供试土壤为菜园土和河沙的混合土,pH值6.50、含水量12.31%、电导率0.42mS/cm、有机质含量为27.13g/kg、总氮含量1.32g/kg、有效磷含量12.17mg/kg、有效钾103.24mg/kg.根据预实验确定的盐碱浓度分别对番茄幼苗进行处理,用Na2CO3和NaHCO3配置浓度为15,75,150mmol/L胁迫液(分别由0.795,3.975和7.95g/L Na2CO3与0.63,3.15和6.3g/L NaHCO3 1:1配制,pH值分别为8.67、8.93、9.41).并在盐碱胁迫下设置添加无菌水的空白对照组(CK1)、添加灭活菌液的对照(CK2)和接种不同组合菌剂的实验组,即组合成分设定为丛枝菌根真菌、枯草芽孢杆菌和丛枝菌根真菌+枯草芽孢杆菌.如表1所示,设不接种的6组对照和9组处理,每个处理设3次重复.
将灭菌后的混合土壤装盆1/2(约3kg,盆口径23cm,底径18cm,高22cm),浇盐碱水湿透,覆盖5000接种势单位(IPU)AMF接种物,对照组则加入等量的灭菌混合接种物,其上覆盖约2cm厚的混合土拌匀.每盆移栽4棵幼苗,喷水润湿.最后铺盖0.5cm厚的河砂[25]待番茄长出两片真叶后,采用灌根法接入菌液,接种前土壤浇水灌透,用玻璃棒在离番茄幼苗根茎约3cm处的土壤表面扎深度约5cm的小孔,加入5mL枯草芽孢杆菌悬浮液.培养过程中,培养箱设置为温度23~28℃,相对湿度60%~80%,阴雨天打开补光灯进行补光,每隔3d浇50mL盐溶液,每天浇约300mL水,其它常规管理.
土壤pH值测定:土壤pH值是土壤悬浊液氢离子活度的负对数,在pH值检测时,先将pH计校准,然后再用pH计测量由预处理后的土壤制取的土壤悬浊液pH值[26].
含水量测定:取新鲜土样放入铝盒,于分析天平上称重并准确至0.01g.揭开盒盖,置于已预热至(105±2)℃的烘箱(DHG-9245A)中烘烤12h.取出盖好,移入干燥器内冷却至室温(约30min),立即称重.新鲜土样水分的测定应做3份平行测定[27].
电导率测定:取一份经过烘干碾磨成粉状的土样进行过筛(0.25mm),制成1:5的浸提液,用DPP-210便携式电导仪测定其电导率[28].
称取风干土样(过100目筛)至50mL高型烧杯中,分别加入10.0mL浓硫酸和10.0mL重铬酸钾溶液,不断摇动,停放静置20min后加10.0mL水,摇匀,静置.吸取上清液15.0mL于50mL容量瓶中,加水至刻度充分摇匀,用1cm光径比色杯在590nm波长比色[29].
称取土壤样品约1g于消化管中420℃消化约1h,静置至室温,缓慢加入约20mL水冷却后,使用凯氏定氮法测定样品中全氮含量[30].参照夏皖豫等[31]的方法,采用碳酸氢钠浸提-钼锑抗分光光度法测定速效磷含量.另外使用火焰原子吸收光谱法测定速效钾含量[32].
采集番茄植株根部5~15cm深度的土样,挑除土样中杂物和细根,碾碎,过筛装入封口袋中.土样置于实验室内通风处自然风干,用于测定土壤酶活性.脲酶(URE)活性采用苯酚-次氯酸比色法测定[33],蔗糖酶(SUC)采用3,5-二硝基水杨酸比色法[34]测定.过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性采用紫外分光光度法[35]测定.
实验期间在第30d时,取番茄植株的地上部和地下部,用清水洗净表面杂物,采用钢卷尺测量幼苗植株的株高和根长.
AMF侵染率测定基于染色镜检法,主要分为根系透明-染色-分色3个过程.参考台盼蓝染色-十字交叉法[36]:称取1~2g左右新鲜根系,洗净后剪成长约1cm根段,置于组织包埋盒中,随后放入装有10% KOH溶液烧杯中,在90℃水浴锅中浸没10~90min,直至根系变得透明.将组织包埋盒洗净后浸入2% HCL溶液,常温浸泡5~10min,再用蒸馏水洗净,取出放入装有0.05%台盼蓝溶液的烧杯内,水浴锅90℃恒温加热染色10~30min,取出后组织包埋盒洗净,脱色2~3d.脱色后随机挑取30个根段制片,每张载玻片压制10根,每个根段观察10个视野,以泡囊为观测指标,用十字交叉法进行侵染率测定.将其中一条十字线与根系平行,记录观测根部位于垂直线上的泡囊数目为观测点泡囊数,若观测点无泡囊则记为无侵染.
稀释涂布平板法[37]计算真菌、细菌、放线菌数量.
实验数据采用Microsoft Excel 2010整理试验数据,通过SPSS 26.0统计软件单因素方差分析(one-way ANOVA)和Duncan法计算平均值和标准误差,分析显著性差异(α=0.05及α=0.01).用Origin Pro 2022软件作图,所有数据用平均值±标准误表示.
土壤中过高浓度的盐碱对番茄的株高根长有明显的抑制作用,且浓度越高,抑制作用逐步增强(图1).促生菌的单独施加(Gm、B)与协同施加(Gm+B)对番茄的生长发育均有明显促进作用.接种AMF的处理组根长得到明显提升,而对于株高的影响,在15mmol/L处理时两菌作用相当,在75mmol/L处理下B组增幅较大,150mmol/L处理时Gm组增幅更大.15,75和150mmol/L胁迫液处理后,最大增量分别为13.64%(Gm)、36.03%(B)和47.29%(Gm+B).且两种促生菌协同施加对番茄根长的增幅远高于单促生菌处理组,最大增幅较CK1可达57.52%(Gm+B),较CK2可达58.04%(Gm+B).
随盐胁迫浓度提升,土壤pH值与电导率呈上升趋势,土壤含水量显著下降(表2).而外源施加AMF和枯草芽孢杆菌后,Gm+B组盐碱土pH值均存在不同程度的降低.其中,中度胁迫与高度胁迫下Gm+B组较CK1分别显著下降3.27%和3.00%.中度胁迫下Gm+B组含水量较CK1组、CK2组、Gm组、B组分别上升143.23%、139.19%、128.36%、54.94%,另一方面,施加促生菌后各处理组土壤电导率与CK组相比有明显降低,双菌处理组(Gm+B)电导率下降幅度最大,可达39.13%,说明在双菌与番茄的共同作用下,土壤抵御盐碱胁迫效果最好.
在不同盐碱胁迫条件下,CK2与CK1相比,添加灭活菌剂后土壤有机质含量有所增加(图2).在SA3处理下土壤有机质含量显著低于SA1和SA2处理,分别下降35.39%和19.03%,进一步分析发现,在3种浓度盐碱胁迫下,菌种协同施加(Gm+B)与相应浓度盐胁迫下CK1相比,土壤有机质含量显著增加,分别上升30.78%、31.03%、47.15%;而同浓度盐碱胁迫下,单菌处理组(Gm、B)较CK1增幅分别为21.49%、18.11%、20.82%,作用效果普遍低于复合菌剂.
在SA3处理下,土壤中N、P、K含量较SA1均有不同程度下降(图3),分别为14.23%、42.81%和59.75%. CK2在SA2(N)、SA1(P)、SA3(K)处理下营养元素含量较CK1分别显著提升8.99%、100.93%、13.25%.另外,添加了AMF和枯草芽孢杆菌后,N、P、K含量均呈上升趋势,且分别在SA2、SA1以及SA3处理下达到最大提升,显著增加38.85%、465.20%、157.75%.然而在单一菌种处理下,N、P、K含量在添加枯草芽孢杆菌时较CK1增幅明显,分别达22.70%、308.93%以及123.96%,说明经混合菌剂处理后土壤无机养分含量显著高于单菌接种和CK1.因此,施加两种菌剂有助于促进土壤中N、P、K元素释放,提升土壤肥力,促使退化土壤环境的恢复.
在施加促生菌后,3种土壤酶活性显著增强,混合菌群的效果优于单一菌株(图4). SA1处理组在胁迫20d后改善效果更加,增加了46.57%.而SA2处理组在双菌共施后10d活性增加了63.64%,在30d后增加了61.25%. SA3处理组土壤蔗糖酶和土壤过氧化氢酶活性改善效果最佳,土壤蔗糖酶在胁迫10,20,30d时,活性提高123.04%、179.71%、209.63%,土壤过氧化氢酶活性分别提高45.26%、31.31%、34.11%.此外,不同浓度胁迫20~30d时,双菌处理组(Gm+B)的脲酶和蔗糖酶活性下降速率较CK1组均有所减缓,最低可降至9.53%、10.03%;过氧化氢酶活性增长速率较CK1组则有所增加,最高可达10.97%.
表3AMF、枯草芽孢杆菌对盐碱胁迫土壤微生物的影响可知,随着胁迫加深,土壤中细菌、真菌、放线菌的数量均呈现出随胁迫液浓度增大而减少的趋势.试验对照CK1和CK2发现土壤细菌、真菌和放线菌含量无显著差异,表明单独添加灭活菌剂和菌培养液对土壤细菌、真菌和放线菌的数目无影响.接种促生菌后,细菌和放线菌数量均显著扩大,最高可达2.67(×103cfu/g)和47.50(×104cfu/g),真菌数目波动变化.其中,细菌、真菌和放线菌数目在各处理下分别表现为CK1=CK2<Gm<B<Gm+B、B<CK1=CK2<Gm<Gm+B和CK1=CK2<Gm<B<Gm+B,且均在双菌处理下(Gm+B)显著增加,分别为CK1的1.93倍(SA2)、1.25倍(SA2)、4.37倍(SA3).
图5展示了在单施AMF和联合施用AMF与枯草芽孢杆菌下菌根侵染率的变化,未施加AMF的处理组(CK1、CK2、B)难以观测到泡囊、菌丝与丛枝等结构,测得AMF侵染率为0%. AMF菌根侵染率随盐胁迫浓度的增加而逐渐降低,表现为过高的盐离子浓度抑制了AMF的生长定植.在SA1处理下,双菌处理组(Gm+B)出现最大菌根侵染率45.31%,在SA3处理下,双菌处理组(Gm+B)AMF侵染率较单独施加AMF组(Gm)显著增加,增幅为37.72%.
株高和根长直观地反映了番茄的植株生长状况.接种枯草芽孢杆菌的处理组株高变化在低浓度最为明显,该浓度下矿物金属离子随枯草芽孢杆菌分泌物的溶出率最高,部分有机质由于失去矿物质的支撑而溶出,增加盐碱土壤的有机成分,降低盐碱度[38].同时根系增长主要受生长素调控,根长的增长与盐碱胁迫浓度无直接关系,在各浓度处理组中增幅相差不大.AMF-枯草芽孢杆菌联合施用能显著提高作物对土壤养分以及微量元素的吸收利用,有效加强植株的抗盐碱胁迫能力,对盐碱胁迫下的番茄植株有明显的促生作用.
外源促生菌的施加能够使土壤含水量提高,且Gm+B组增幅最为显著,其能增加土壤水稳性大团聚体数量,提高土壤保水性,这与杨世伟等[15]的结论一致.中度胁迫下Gm+B组含水量为12.94%,高于其他处理组,主要是因为AMF对中度胁迫下的长距离端受体渗透调节物质的积累发挥极大的促进作用[16].植物根与根际土壤间不断进行物质和能量交换.添加两种菌剂后,全氮、速效磷和速效钾含量均增加,可能是AMF与植物根系共生形成的丛枝菌根结构扩大了植物根系的吸收面积,促进了根际土壤中的物质交换;而枯草芽孢杆菌则通过分解有机质释放营养元素或合成植物生长激素促进了植物根系的生长与发育[39].此外在不同盐碱胁迫条件下,双菌种共同分解和降解有机质的能力和速率各有差异,从而影响了土壤中营养元素的释放.作为土壤质量与健康的关键指标和养分载体,土壤有机质可调节土壤矿质元素的转化,综合反应土壤质量与土壤功能[40].在盐碱胁迫条件下,土壤有机质受到显著影响,其含量与胁迫浓度呈负相关关系,这与李少朋等[41]实验结果趋势相符.高浓度处理后的土壤有机质显著低于其他,这提示在高浓度盐碱环境下盐分通过增加土壤电导率,促进有机质的矿化作用并加速有机质的流失.施加促生菌后,与CK1相比土壤有机质含量分别提升30.78%、31.03%、47.15%,而单菌处理组较CK1的最大提升幅度分别为SA1+B的21.49%、SA2+B的18.11%、SA3+Gm的20.82%,作用效果普遍低于复合菌剂.AMF和枯草芽孢杆菌在土壤中分泌的有机物、酸性物质等可能将矿物表面的金属离子溶出,同时带出部分有机质,使得盐碱土壤的有机成分增加,电导率下降,这与逄焕成等[42]的实验结论相符.综上,施加AMF和枯草芽孢杆菌均能够降低盐碱土壤pH值和电导率,增加土壤含水量,且两者协同处理下效果最佳,能够更好地促进土壤脱盐、缓解盐碱土板结状况、优化土壤结构、促进作物对土壤中营养物质的转化吸收.
土壤酶活性与土壤氮磷养分的转移与吸收有关[43].随着胁迫浓度升高和胁迫时间延长,脲酶和蔗糖酶活性普遍下降,而过氧化氢酶则呈上升趋势,这与颜路明等[44]实验趋势相符.高盐离子浓度抑制了植物与土壤微生物的生理活性,降低了其分泌脲酶与蔗糖酶的能力以及土壤中原有酶的活性,并引起氧化胁迫,促使受试植物与土壤微生物合成过氧化氢酶以维持自身氧化平衡.实验中,3种土壤酶活性均在Gm+B组处理下较CK1组达最大增幅,土壤蔗糖酶和土壤过氧化氢酶均于SA3处理条件下达最大增幅.土壤脲酶在盐胁迫10和30d时,均在SA2处理下达到最大提升,施加生防菌后土壤脲酶在不同时间段,其酶活性增幅达最值的对应盐浓度不同,表明土壤产生脲酶的微生物对于生防菌的适应力随时间推移呈现一定的变化趋势.由此可见,AMF与枯草芽孢杆菌对不同土壤酶活性的影响存在显著差异,且其联合施用能产生协同效应,有效缓解土壤中盐离子对植物和土壤微生物的胁迫,促进脲酶与蔗糖酶的分泌,同时刺激过氧化氢酶的生成,显著提升土壤酶活性指数,进而促进土壤养分循环,改善土壤微生态环境.
土壤微生物数目与丰富度在一定程度上能反映出土壤的质量状况与土壤中物质代谢的快慢程度[45].经探究可知,盐碱土壤中过高的盐分会扰乱微生物的生理代谢过程,从而抑制土壤细菌、放线菌的生长繁殖,而真菌因其较强的抗逆性,降幅较小.外施两种促生菌后,盐碱胁迫对微生物的抑制作用得到有效缓解,其数量明显扩大,这与Zhang等[46]实验结果相符.细菌、真菌和放线菌数目在各处理下分别表现为CK1=CK2<Gm<B<Gm+B、B<CK1=CK2<Gm<Gm+B和CK1=CK2<Gm<B<Gm+B,且均在Gm+B处理下显著增加.此外,实验发现3种盐浓度胁迫下,B组真菌数量均低于CK1和CK2,表明枯草芽孢杆菌可降低真菌的群落数量,论证了赵志祥等[47]研究结果的可信度.从3种土壤微生物变化趋势可看出,AMF、枯草芽孢杆菌都可促进土壤中细菌和放线菌繁殖,且真菌生长受枯草芽孢杆菌抑制,但两菌接种后,土壤真菌数目显著高于其余各处理组,表明联合施加两种菌剂能产生一定的协同效应,有效改良盐碱土微生物群落数目和结构,使得盐碱土壤微生态系统更为稳定.AMF能分泌多种酶类、有机酸等,改变根系土壤生态环境,并能与多种植物形成菌根共生体[48].研究表明,各浓度胁迫下Gm+B组的AMF菌根侵染率均高于Gm组,最大菌根侵染率可达45.31%,较Gm组显著增加,增幅为37.72%,可见枯草芽孢杆菌的存在能够促进AMF对番茄根系的侵染,提高其定植率,论证了姜海燕[49]试验结果的可信度.结合上述相关指标可知,AMF与番茄根系形成的菌根复合体能够通过促使植物根系发育,扩大受试植物根系的吸收面积来提高植株抗逆性和存活率,使得植物根系分泌更多生物酶和有机酸,中和土壤中过高的盐碱.植物发达的根系也能促使土壤脱盐,改善土壤结构,并为枯草芽孢杆菌提供了合适生存环境,提高其种群数量.与此同时,外施枯草芽孢杆菌能够分泌多种胞外酶和有机酸来降低土壤pH值,减轻盐碱胁迫对AMF菌丝的损害,因此两者协同施加可有效改良盐碱土的理化性质,实现盐碱土的修复.
4.1 土壤中过高的盐离子会显著抑制番茄的生长,降低AMF定植率,且随着盐浓度的增加,抑制作用逐步增强.施加两种生防菌后,番茄的株高、根长增加,且两菌协同施加后,番茄株高、根长增幅进一步上升,AMF侵染率升高,分别为SA3+Gm+B(47.20%)、SA2+Gm+B(57.52%)和SA3+Gm+B(37.72%).
4.2 联合施用两种微生物能降低盐碱土壤的pH值和电导率,并提高土壤含水量,有助于缓解盐碱土板结状况、优化土壤结构.
4.3 盐碱胁迫对土壤营养物质含量影响较大,添加AMF和枯草芽孢杆菌后,与CK1相比全氮(N)、速效磷(P)和速效钾(K)含量最高可达38.85%、465.20%、157.75%,有机质含量达47.15%,显著高于单菌接种(Gm、B)和不施加菌处理(CK1、CK2).
4.4 两种微生物的联合作用降低了土壤中脲酶和蔗糖酶活性,提高过氧化氢酶活性,脲酶和蔗糖酶活性最低可降至CK1的9.53%、10.03%;过氧化氢酶活性增长速率较CK1组则有所增加,最高可达10.97%.
4.5 盐碱胁迫会破坏土壤中微生物群落结构并抑制其增殖,且胁迫程度越高,抑制作用越明显.外源施加生防菌能够增加土壤中细菌、真菌和放线菌的数目,土壤中细菌、真菌、放线菌数目均得到提升,最大依次为CK1的1.93倍(SA2+Gm+B)、1.25倍(SA2+Gm+B)、4.37倍(SA3+Gm+B),有效改良了盐碱土微生物群落的结构.
  • 国家自然科学基金资助项目(31971426)
  • 浙江省自然科学基金资助项目(21C03005)
  • 浙江省自然科学基金资助项目(17C03001)
  • 浙江省大学生创新创业训练计划项目(S202310345002)
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2025年第45卷第1期
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  • 接收时间:2024-06-17
  • 首发时间:2026-03-18
  • 出版时间:2025-01-20
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  • 收稿日期:2024-06-17
基金
国家自然科学基金资助项目(31971426)
浙江省自然科学基金资助项目(21C03005)
浙江省自然科学基金资助项目(17C03001)
浙江省大学生创新创业训练计划项目(S202310345002)
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    1.浙江师范大学生命科学学院,浙江 金华 321004
    2.浙江师范大学化学与材料科学学院,浙江 金华 321004
    3.浙江师范大学地理与环境科学学院,浙江 金华 321004

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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