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This study examined the vertical distribution of herbicide residues in 14 typical dryland soil profiles (0~100cm) from the black soil region of Northeast China. Residues from 57 different herbicides were measured across various soil depths to clarify their vertical distribution characteristics and influencing factors. The findings revealed that herbicide residue characteristics were primarily influenced by the application strategies under different land uses. Notably, nicosulfuron, a commonly used herbicide in cornfields, exhibited significantly higher residue levels in the 0~60cm soil layer compared to other herbicides. A negative correlation was observed between the herbicide's octanol-water partition coefficient (logKow) and its distribution ratio in the surface soil (0~20cm)(P<0.001), while a positive correlation was found between the herbicide's degradation period and its distribution ratio in the deep soil(80~100cm) (P<0.05). Additionally, soil pH was negatively correlated with herbicide residues in surface soils (P<0.05), and soil bulk density was negatively correlated with herbicide residues in deep soils (P<0.05). Summer rainfall was found to enhance the vertical migration of herbicides within the soil profile. These results provide crucial data and a scientific foundation for the mitigating, risk control and management of herbicide residues in the agricultural soils of China's black soil region.

, correspAuthors=Wen-you HU, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Han-qiang LIU, Rui LI, Le JIAN, Wen-you HU, En-ze XIE, Biao HUANG, Yong-cun ZHAO), CN=ArticleExt(id=1241049975401017537, articleId=1241049967851271091, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1234093305789726721, language=CN, title=东北黑土区旱地土壤剖面除草剂残留及其影响因素, columnId=1234106394572550190, journalTitle=中国环境科学, columnName=土壤污染与控制, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

为探究除草剂在农田土壤中的纵向残留状况,以东北黑土区14个典型旱地土壤剖面(0~100cm)为研究对象,对不同深度土壤中57种除草剂残留进行测定,分析除草剂垂直分布特征及其影响因素.结果表明:不同土地利用方式的除草剂施用策略主导了其残留特征.玉米地常用的烟嘧磺隆在0~60cm土层中的残留水平明显高于其他除草剂;除草剂辛醇~水分配系数与其在表层土壤(0~20cm)中的分布比例负相关(P<0.001),除草剂降解周期与其在深层土壤(80~100cm)中的分布比例呈正相关(P<0.05);在表层土壤中,土壤pH值与除草剂分布比例呈负相关(P<0.05).深层土壤中,土壤容重与除草剂分布比例呈负相关(P<0.05);夏季降雨促进了土壤剖面中除草剂的纵向迁移.研究结果可为我国黑土地农田土壤除草剂残留阻控与风险管理提供数据支撑和科学依据.

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*责任作者,副研究员,
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刘汉强(2000-),男,四川资阳人,硕士研究生,主要从事区域污染物多介质残留调查与风险评估研究.发表论文1篇..

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刘汉强(2000-),男,四川资阳人,硕士研究生,主要从事区域污染物多介质残留调查与风险评估研究.发表论文1篇..

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刘汉强(2000-),男,四川资阳人,硕士研究生,主要从事区域污染物多介质残留调查与风险评估研究.发表论文1篇..

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journalId=1234093305789726721, articleId=1241049967851271091, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Basic informations of the soil profile sampling sites

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
编号地区经度(°E)纬度(°N)利用方式土壤类型备注
FC1辽宁省凤城市124.04332440.353564玉米潮棕壤
FC2辽宁省凤城市124.28366540.552364玉米草甸土
TL1辽宁省铁岭市123.53941242.196237林地草甸土大豆-玉米轮作改为林地3年
TL2辽宁省铁岭市123.83300242.114507玉米草甸土
LS1吉林省梨树县124.39732243.461498玉米黑钙土
LS2吉林省梨树县124.38178643.524496玉米黑土
KZ1内蒙古自治区科左中旗122.32889543.934329玉米栗钙土
KZ2内蒙古自治区科左中旗122.49843444.138748玉米草甸土
NJ1黑龙江省嫩江市125.23879448.769088大豆黑土
NJ2黑龙江省嫩江市124.77672848.956224大豆黑土
NJ3黑龙江省嫩江市125.08663749.050261玉米黑土玉米-大豆轮作
NJ4黑龙江省嫩江市125.75765049.643261大豆草甸土
NJ5黑龙江省嫩江市125.73043149.749613大豆草甸土大豆-小麦轮作
NJ6黑龙江省嫩江市125.80718650.531988大豆暗棕壤
), ArticleFig(id=1241049993084203942, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1234093305789726721, articleId=1241049967851271091, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

土壤剖面点位基本情况

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
编号地区经度(°E)纬度(°N)利用方式土壤类型备注
FC1辽宁省凤城市124.04332440.353564玉米潮棕壤
FC2辽宁省凤城市124.28366540.552364玉米草甸土
TL1辽宁省铁岭市123.53941242.196237林地草甸土大豆-玉米轮作改为林地3年
TL2辽宁省铁岭市123.83300242.114507玉米草甸土
LS1吉林省梨树县124.39732243.461498玉米黑钙土
LS2吉林省梨树县124.38178643.524496玉米黑土
KZ1内蒙古自治区科左中旗122.32889543.934329玉米栗钙土
KZ2内蒙古自治区科左中旗122.49843444.138748玉米草甸土
NJ1黑龙江省嫩江市125.23879448.769088大豆黑土
NJ2黑龙江省嫩江市124.77672848.956224大豆黑土
NJ3黑龙江省嫩江市125.08663749.050261玉米黑土玉米-大豆轮作
NJ4黑龙江省嫩江市125.75765049.643261大豆草甸土
NJ5黑龙江省嫩江市125.73043149.749613大豆草甸土大豆-小麦轮作
NJ6黑龙江省嫩江市125.80718650.531988大豆暗棕壤
), ArticleFig(id=1241049993201644464, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1234093305789726721, articleId=1241049967851271091, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Target herbicides in the studied soil profiles

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
中文名称英文名称分子式控制杂草种类
磺草酮SulcotrioneC14H13ClO5S单子叶杂草和阔叶杂草
硝磺草酮MesotrioneC14H13NO7S一些单子叶杂草和阔叶杂草
精喹禾灵Quizalofop-P-ethylC19H17ClN2O4一年生和多年生禾本科杂草
氰氟草酯CyhalofopC16H12FNO4单子叶杂草
双草醚Bispyribac-sodiumC19H17N4NaO8莎草和阔叶杂草
苯噻草胺MefenacetC16H14N2O2S禾本科杂草,尤其是稗草
苯唑草酮TopramezoneC16H17N3O5S单子叶杂草和阔叶杂草
苯唑氟草酮FenpyrazoneC22H22ClF3N4O6S一年生单子叶和双子叶杂草
三唑磺草酮TripyrasulfoneC25H27ClN6O5S单子叶杂草
杀草丹ThiobencarbC12H16ClNOS水草、稗草和马唐草等
丙草胺PretilachlorC17H26ClNO2一年生禾本科杂草和阔叶杂草
丁草胺ButachlorC17H26ClNO2一年生草和一些阔叶杂草
精异丙甲草胺S-metolachlorC15H22ClNO2单子叶杂草和一些阔叶杂草
乙草胺AcetochlorC14H20ClNO2一年生草和一些阔叶杂草
异丙草胺PropisochlorC15H22ClNO2一年生草和一些阔叶杂草
异丙甲草胺MetolachlorC15H22ClNO2阔叶杂草;一年生禾本科杂草
烯草酮ClethodimC17H26ClNO3S一年生和多年生草
烯禾啶SethoxydimC17H29NO3S一年生和多年生禾本科杂草
灭草松BentazoneC10H12N2O3S一年生杂草
丙炔氟草胺FlumioxazinC19H15FN2O4防草谱广
二甲戊灵PendimethalinC13H19N3O4一年生禾本科杂草和一年生阔叶杂草
氟乐灵TrifluralinC13H16F3N3O4一年生禾本科杂草和阔叶杂草
甲咪唑烟酸ImazapicC14H17N3O3一年生和多年生禾本科杂草以及一些阔叶杂草
异噁草松ClomazoneC12H14ClNO2单子叶杂草和阔叶杂草
氟磺胺草醚FomesafenC15H10ClF3N2O6S阔叶杂草
乙氧氟草醚OxyfluorfenC15H11ClF3NO4一年生阔叶杂草和禾本科杂草
三氟羧草醚Acifluorfen sodiumC14H6ClF3NnaO5一年生阔叶杂草
乙羧氟草醚FluoroglycofenC16H9CIF3NO7禾本科杂草和阔叶杂草
莎稗磷AnilofosC13H19ClNO3PS2一年生禾本科杂草和莎草
丙炔噁草酮OxadiargylC15H14Cl2N2O3单子叶杂草和阔叶杂草
噁草酮OxadiazonC15H18Cl2N2O3一些一年生阔叶杂草
2,4-滴2,4-DC8H6Cl2O3阔叶杂草和水生环境中的入侵性杂草
2,4-滴丁酸2,4-DBC10H10Cl2O3许多一年生和多年生阔叶杂草
2甲4氯MCPAC9H9ClO3一年生和多年生杂草
氯氟吡啶酯Halauxifen-methylC14H11Cl2FN2O3阔叶杂草
氯氟吡氧乙酸FluroxypyrC7H5Cl2FN2O3一年生和多年生阔叶杂草
二氯喹啉酸QuincloracC10H5Cl2NO2蟹草、稗草和狐尾草等
五氟磺草胺PenoxsulamC16H14F5N5O5S阔叶杂草、水生杂草和某些禾本科杂草
氯酯磺草胺Cloransulam-methylC15H13ClFN5O5S阔叶杂草
吡嘧磺隆PyrazosulfuronC12H14N6O7S阔叶杂草、单子叶杂草和莎草
苄嘧磺隆Bensulfuron-methylC16H18N4O7S一年生和多年生杂草和莎草
嘧磺隆RimsulfuronC14H17N5O7S2一年生草和一年生阔叶杂草
噻吩磺隆Thifensulfuron-methylC12H13N5O6S2单子叶杂草和阔叶杂草
烟嘧磺隆NicosulfuronC15H18N6O6S一年生禾本科杂草和多年生杂草
莠去津AtrazineC8H14ClN5阔叶杂草和牧草
草净津CyanazineC9H13ClN6单子叶杂草和阔叶杂草
另丁津SebuthylazineC9H16ClN5猪笼草、发菜和藜麦草
扑草净PrometrynC10H19N5S一年生禾本科杂草和阔叶杂草
扑灭津PropazineC9H16ClN5阔叶杂草和一年生草
特丁津TerbuthylazineC9H16ClN5单子叶杂草和阔叶杂草
西草净SimetrynC8H15N5S单子叶杂草和阔叶杂草
西玛津SimazineC7H12ClN5一年生禾本科杂草和阔叶杂草
莠灭净AmetrynC9H17N5S大多数一年生杂草和阔叶杂草
嗪草酮MetribuzinC8H14N4OS单子叶杂草和阔叶杂草
唑草酮Carfentrazone-ethylC13H14Cl2F3N3O3阔叶杂草
脱乙基莠去津DeethylatrazineC6H10ClN5-
脱异丙基莠去津DeisopropylatrazineC5H8ClN5-
), ArticleFig(id=1241049993478468542, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1234093305789726721, articleId=1241049967851271091, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

土壤剖面中的目标除草剂种类

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
中文名称英文名称分子式控制杂草种类
磺草酮SulcotrioneC14H13ClO5S单子叶杂草和阔叶杂草
硝磺草酮MesotrioneC14H13NO7S一些单子叶杂草和阔叶杂草
精喹禾灵Quizalofop-P-ethylC19H17ClN2O4一年生和多年生禾本科杂草
氰氟草酯CyhalofopC16H12FNO4单子叶杂草
双草醚Bispyribac-sodiumC19H17N4NaO8莎草和阔叶杂草
苯噻草胺MefenacetC16H14N2O2S禾本科杂草,尤其是稗草
苯唑草酮TopramezoneC16H17N3O5S单子叶杂草和阔叶杂草
苯唑氟草酮FenpyrazoneC22H22ClF3N4O6S一年生单子叶和双子叶杂草
三唑磺草酮TripyrasulfoneC25H27ClN6O5S单子叶杂草
杀草丹ThiobencarbC12H16ClNOS水草、稗草和马唐草等
丙草胺PretilachlorC17H26ClNO2一年生禾本科杂草和阔叶杂草
丁草胺ButachlorC17H26ClNO2一年生草和一些阔叶杂草
精异丙甲草胺S-metolachlorC15H22ClNO2单子叶杂草和一些阔叶杂草
乙草胺AcetochlorC14H20ClNO2一年生草和一些阔叶杂草
异丙草胺PropisochlorC15H22ClNO2一年生草和一些阔叶杂草
异丙甲草胺MetolachlorC15H22ClNO2阔叶杂草;一年生禾本科杂草
烯草酮ClethodimC17H26ClNO3S一年生和多年生草
烯禾啶SethoxydimC17H29NO3S一年生和多年生禾本科杂草
灭草松BentazoneC10H12N2O3S一年生杂草
丙炔氟草胺FlumioxazinC19H15FN2O4防草谱广
二甲戊灵PendimethalinC13H19N3O4一年生禾本科杂草和一年生阔叶杂草
氟乐灵TrifluralinC13H16F3N3O4一年生禾本科杂草和阔叶杂草
甲咪唑烟酸ImazapicC14H17N3O3一年生和多年生禾本科杂草以及一些阔叶杂草
异噁草松ClomazoneC12H14ClNO2单子叶杂草和阔叶杂草
氟磺胺草醚FomesafenC15H10ClF3N2O6S阔叶杂草
乙氧氟草醚OxyfluorfenC15H11ClF3NO4一年生阔叶杂草和禾本科杂草
三氟羧草醚Acifluorfen sodiumC14H6ClF3NnaO5一年生阔叶杂草
乙羧氟草醚FluoroglycofenC16H9CIF3NO7禾本科杂草和阔叶杂草
莎稗磷AnilofosC13H19ClNO3PS2一年生禾本科杂草和莎草
丙炔噁草酮OxadiargylC15H14Cl2N2O3单子叶杂草和阔叶杂草
噁草酮OxadiazonC15H18Cl2N2O3一些一年生阔叶杂草
2,4-滴2,4-DC8H6Cl2O3阔叶杂草和水生环境中的入侵性杂草
2,4-滴丁酸2,4-DBC10H10Cl2O3许多一年生和多年生阔叶杂草
2甲4氯MCPAC9H9ClO3一年生和多年生杂草
氯氟吡啶酯Halauxifen-methylC14H11Cl2FN2O3阔叶杂草
氯氟吡氧乙酸FluroxypyrC7H5Cl2FN2O3一年生和多年生阔叶杂草
二氯喹啉酸QuincloracC10H5Cl2NO2蟹草、稗草和狐尾草等
五氟磺草胺PenoxsulamC16H14F5N5O5S阔叶杂草、水生杂草和某些禾本科杂草
氯酯磺草胺Cloransulam-methylC15H13ClFN5O5S阔叶杂草
吡嘧磺隆PyrazosulfuronC12H14N6O7S阔叶杂草、单子叶杂草和莎草
苄嘧磺隆Bensulfuron-methylC16H18N4O7S一年生和多年生杂草和莎草
嘧磺隆RimsulfuronC14H17N5O7S2一年生草和一年生阔叶杂草
噻吩磺隆Thifensulfuron-methylC12H13N5O6S2单子叶杂草和阔叶杂草
烟嘧磺隆NicosulfuronC15H18N6O6S一年生禾本科杂草和多年生杂草
莠去津AtrazineC8H14ClN5阔叶杂草和牧草
草净津CyanazineC9H13ClN6单子叶杂草和阔叶杂草
另丁津SebuthylazineC9H16ClN5猪笼草、发菜和藜麦草
扑草净PrometrynC10H19N5S一年生禾本科杂草和阔叶杂草
扑灭津PropazineC9H16ClN5阔叶杂草和一年生草
特丁津TerbuthylazineC9H16ClN5单子叶杂草和阔叶杂草
西草净SimetrynC8H15N5S单子叶杂草和阔叶杂草
西玛津SimazineC7H12ClN5一年生禾本科杂草和阔叶杂草
莠灭净AmetrynC9H17N5S大多数一年生杂草和阔叶杂草
嗪草酮MetribuzinC8H14N4OS单子叶杂草和阔叶杂草
唑草酮Carfentrazone-ethylC13H14Cl2F3N3O3阔叶杂草
脱乙基莠去津DeethylatrazineC6H10ClN5-
脱异丙基莠去津DeisopropylatrazineC5H8ClN5-
), ArticleFig(id=1241049993604297676, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1234093305789726721, articleId=1241049967851271091, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Residual status of herbicides in the studied soil profiles

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
深度检出数量范围(种)总残留浓度范围(µg/kg)主要残留除草剂
0~20cm16~2717.89~551.66烟嘧磺隆、异噁草松、DEA、乙草胺、莠去津
20~40cm8~133.38~211.72烟嘧磺隆、DEA、异噁草松、莠去津、乙氧氟草醚
40~60cm5~121.67~124.75烟嘧磺隆、DEA、异噁草松、莠去津、乙氧氟草醚
60~80cm1~80.48~13.06DEA、烟嘧磺隆、异噁草松、莠去津、乙氧氟草醚
80~100cm0~7<0.30~7.29DEA、异噁草松、莠去津、烟嘧磺隆、乙氧氟草醚
), ArticleFig(id=1241049993772069852, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1234093305789726721, articleId=1241049967851271091, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

土壤剖面中的除草剂残留状况

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
深度检出数量范围(种)总残留浓度范围(µg/kg)主要残留除草剂
0~20cm16~2717.89~551.66烟嘧磺隆、异噁草松、DEA、乙草胺、莠去津
20~40cm8~133.38~211.72烟嘧磺隆、DEA、异噁草松、莠去津、乙氧氟草醚
40~60cm5~121.67~124.75烟嘧磺隆、DEA、异噁草松、莠去津、乙氧氟草醚
60~80cm1~80.48~13.06DEA、烟嘧磺隆、异噁草松、莠去津、乙氧氟草醚
80~100cm0~7<0.30~7.29DEA、异噁草松、莠去津、烟嘧磺隆、乙氧氟草醚
), ArticleFig(id=1241049994027922410, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1234093305789726721, articleId=1241049967851271091, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Linear regression analysis of herbicide physicochemical properties and their residual proportions in soils

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
编号方程R2RMSEt统计量P
1RI1 = -0.0609×logKow+ 0.88340.660.0828-5.397.5×10-05
2RI1 = -0.0008×DT90 + 0.86860.320.1325-2.260.045
3RI5 = 0.0007×DT50 + 0.01940.580.02243.340.010
), ArticleFig(id=1241049994141168633, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1234093305789726721, articleId=1241049967851271091, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

除草剂理化性质与其在土壤中残留比例的线性回归分析

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
编号方程R2RMSEt统计量P
1RI1 = -0.0609×logKow+ 0.88340.660.0828-5.397.5×10-05
2RI1 = -0.0008×DT90 + 0.86860.320.1325-2.260.045
3RI5 = 0.0007×DT50 + 0.01940.580.02243.340.010
), ArticleFig(id=1241049994313134083, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1234093305789726721, articleId=1241049967851271091, language=EN, label=Table 5, caption=

Vertical variation of soil physicochemical properties in soil profiles

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
深度(cm)pH值有机质(g/kg)CEC(cmol/kg)盐基饱和度(%)容重(g/cm3)含水量(%)黏粒含量(%)砂砾含量(%)
0~206.23 ± 1.2036.02 ± 25.0524.94±11.2277.28±14.461.34 ± 0.2119.70 ± 6.1133.64 ± 15.7330.93±22.09
20~406.57 ± 1.2826.70 ± 23.3124.88±11.1768.04±19.091.46 ± 0.2021.92 ± 6.6431.92 ± 15.5332.29±23.93
40~606.74 ± 1.3218.97 ± 14.9623.87±9.8865.07±16.741.37 ± 0.2720.89 ± 7.6129.95 ± 15.7032.55±24.96
60~806.88 ± 1.3615.12 ± 11.4223.32±10.5759.86±17.311.50 ± 0.1621.63 ± 5.9227.29 ± 17.0535.66±24.79
80~1007.09 ± 1.3613.45 ± 10.4220.29±10.8955.41±14.01.52 ± 0.1520.73 ± 5.4825.37 ± 18.3841.25±27.19
), ArticleFig(id=1241049994514460690, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1234093305789726721, articleId=1241049967851271091, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

土壤理化性质在土壤剖面中的垂直变化

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
深度(cm)pH值有机质(g/kg)CEC(cmol/kg)盐基饱和度(%)容重(g/cm3)含水量(%)黏粒含量(%)砂砾含量(%)
0~206.23 ± 1.2036.02 ± 25.0524.94±11.2277.28±14.461.34 ± 0.2119.70 ± 6.1133.64 ± 15.7330.93±22.09
20~406.57 ± 1.2826.70 ± 23.3124.88±11.1768.04±19.091.46 ± 0.2021.92 ± 6.6431.92 ± 15.5332.29±23.93
40~606.74 ± 1.3218.97 ± 14.9623.87±9.8865.07±16.741.37 ± 0.2720.89 ± 7.6129.95 ± 15.7032.55±24.96
60~806.88 ± 1.3615.12 ± 11.4223.32±10.5759.86±17.311.50 ± 0.1621.63 ± 5.9227.29 ± 17.0535.66±24.79
80~1007.09 ± 1.3613.45 ± 10.4220.29±10.8955.41±14.01.52 ± 0.1520.73 ± 5.4825.37 ± 18.3841.25±27.19
), ArticleFig(id=1241049994694815768, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1234093305789726721, articleId=1241049967851271091, language=EN, label=Table 6, caption=

Multiple linear regression analysis of soil physicochemical properties and herbicide residue proportions

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
编号方程R2F统计量P
1RI1 = -0.0273*×CEC + 0.0244*×WC+ 0.0148**×CC + 0.4988**0.4764.630.032
2RI1 = -0.0743*×pH + 1.2821***0.2755.540.038
3RI5 = 0.0066*×pH -0.0035*×SOM -0.0017*×CEC -0.3543*×BD -0.0017*×WC + 0.6137*0.997412.740.037
4RI5 = -0.0036*×SOM -0.0036*×CEC -0.0008*×BS -0.4494*×BD -0.0022*×WC + 0.901*0.996314.540.043
), ArticleFig(id=1241049994820644901, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1234093305789726721, articleId=1241049967851271091, language=CN, label=表6, caption=

土壤理化性质与除草剂残留比例的多元线性回归分析

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
编号方程R2F统计量P
1RI1 = -0.0273*×CEC + 0.0244*×WC+ 0.0148**×CC + 0.4988**0.4764.630.032
2RI1 = -0.0743*×pH + 1.2821***0.2755.540.038
3RI5 = 0.0066*×pH -0.0035*×SOM -0.0017*×CEC -0.3543*×BD -0.0017*×WC + 0.6137*0.997412.740.037
4RI5 = -0.0036*×SOM -0.0036*×CEC -0.0008*×BS -0.4494*×BD -0.0022*×WC + 0.901*0.996314.540.043
), ArticleFig(id=1241049996427063344, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1234093305789726721, articleId=1241049967851271091, language=EN, label=Table 7, caption=

Ridge regression analysis of rainfall factors and herbicide residual proportions in the different soil profile layers

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
深度(cm)方程R2
0~20RI = -0.0194×Total + 0.0301×Int5 + -0.0035×Int6 + -0.0422×Int7 + 0.82010.35
20~40RI = 0.0130×Total + -0.0236×Int5 + 0.0022×Int6 + 0.0303×Int7 + 0.11960.43
40~60RI = 0.0051×Total + -0.0062×Int5 + 0.0016×Int6 + 0.0109×Int7 + 0.04350.19
60~80RI = 0.0008×Total + -0.0003×Int5 + -0.0001×Int6 + 0.0005×Int7 + 0.01150.04
80~100RI = 0.0005×Total + -0.0001×Int5 + -0.0002×Int6 + 0.0005×Int7 + 0.00520.05
), ArticleFig(id=1241049997060403267, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1234093305789726721, articleId=1241049967851271091, language=CN, label=表7, caption=

降雨因素与除草剂在剖面各层次残留比例的的岭回归分析

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
深度(cm)方程R2
0~20RI = -0.0194×Total + 0.0301×Int5 + -0.0035×Int6 + -0.0422×Int7 + 0.82010.35
20~40RI = 0.0130×Total + -0.0236×Int5 + 0.0022×Int6 + 0.0303×Int7 + 0.11960.43
40~60RI = 0.0051×Total + -0.0062×Int5 + 0.0016×Int6 + 0.0109×Int7 + 0.04350.19
60~80RI = 0.0008×Total + -0.0003×Int5 + -0.0001×Int6 + 0.0005×Int7 + 0.01150.04
80~100RI = 0.0005×Total + -0.0001×Int5 + -0.0002×Int6 + 0.0005×Int7 + 0.00520.05
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东北黑土区旱地土壤剖面除草剂残留及其影响因素
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刘汉强 1, 2 , 李睿 1, 2 , 菅乐 1, 3 , 胡文友 1, 2, * , 谢恩泽 1, 2 , 黄标 1, 2 , 赵永存 1, 2
中国环境科学 | 土壤污染与控制 2025,45(1): 243-252
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中国环境科学 | 土壤污染与控制 2025, 45(1): 243-252
东北黑土区旱地土壤剖面除草剂残留及其影响因素
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刘汉强1, 2 , 李睿1, 2, 菅乐1, 3, 胡文友1, 2, * , 谢恩泽1, 2, 黄标1, 2, 赵永存1, 2
作者信息
  • 1.中国科学院南京土壤研究所,土壤与农业可持续发展国家重点实验室,江苏 南京 211135
  • 2.中国科学院大学,北京 100049
  • 3.中国科学院大学中丹学院,北京 101400
  • 刘汉强(2000-),男,四川资阳人,硕士研究生,主要从事区域污染物多介质残留调查与风险评估研究.发表论文1篇..

通讯作者:

*责任作者,副研究员,
Residues and influencing factors of herbicides in dryland soil profiles in the black soil region of Northeast China
Han-qiang LIU1, 2 , Rui LI1, 2, Le JIAN1, 3, Wen-you HU1, 2, * , En-ze XIE1, 2, Biao HUANG1, 2, Yong-cun ZHAO1, 2
Affiliations
  • 1.State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 211135, China
  • 2.University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
  • 3.Sino-Danish College, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101400, China
出版时间: 2025-01-20
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为探究除草剂在农田土壤中的纵向残留状况,以东北黑土区14个典型旱地土壤剖面(0~100cm)为研究对象,对不同深度土壤中57种除草剂残留进行测定,分析除草剂垂直分布特征及其影响因素.结果表明:不同土地利用方式的除草剂施用策略主导了其残留特征.玉米地常用的烟嘧磺隆在0~60cm土层中的残留水平明显高于其他除草剂;除草剂辛醇~水分配系数与其在表层土壤(0~20cm)中的分布比例负相关(P<0.001),除草剂降解周期与其在深层土壤(80~100cm)中的分布比例呈正相关(P<0.05);在表层土壤中,土壤pH值与除草剂分布比例呈负相关(P<0.05).深层土壤中,土壤容重与除草剂分布比例呈负相关(P<0.05);夏季降雨促进了土壤剖面中除草剂的纵向迁移.研究结果可为我国黑土地农田土壤除草剂残留阻控与风险管理提供数据支撑和科学依据.

黑土地  /  除草剂  /  土壤剖面  /  残留特征  /  影响因素

This study examined the vertical distribution of herbicide residues in 14 typical dryland soil profiles (0~100cm) from the black soil region of Northeast China. Residues from 57 different herbicides were measured across various soil depths to clarify their vertical distribution characteristics and influencing factors. The findings revealed that herbicide residue characteristics were primarily influenced by the application strategies under different land uses. Notably, nicosulfuron, a commonly used herbicide in cornfields, exhibited significantly higher residue levels in the 0~60cm soil layer compared to other herbicides. A negative correlation was observed between the herbicide's octanol-water partition coefficient (logKow) and its distribution ratio in the surface soil (0~20cm)(P<0.001), while a positive correlation was found between the herbicide's degradation period and its distribution ratio in the deep soil(80~100cm) (P<0.05). Additionally, soil pH was negatively correlated with herbicide residues in surface soils (P<0.05), and soil bulk density was negatively correlated with herbicide residues in deep soils (P<0.05). Summer rainfall was found to enhance the vertical migration of herbicides within the soil profile. These results provide crucial data and a scientific foundation for the mitigating, risk control and management of herbicide residues in the agricultural soils of China's black soil region.

black soil  /  herbicide  /  soil profile  /  residual characteristics  /  influencing factor
刘汉强, 李睿, 菅乐, 胡文友, 谢恩泽, 黄标, 赵永存. 东北黑土区旱地土壤剖面除草剂残留及其影响因素. 中国环境科学, 2025 , 45 (1) : 243 -252 .
Han-qiang LIU, Rui LI, Le JIAN, Wen-you HU, En-ze XIE, Biao HUANG, Yong-cun ZHAO. Residues and influencing factors of herbicides in dryland soil profiles in the black soil region of Northeast China[J]. China Environmental Science, 2025 , 45 (1) : 243 -252 .
东北黑土区的粮食产量和调出量在全国总量中分别占到了四分之一和三分之一,为我国粮食安全提供了重要保障[1].东北地区的粮食稳定高产伴随着农药的普遍使用,其中除草剂占了很大的比例.据统计,在黑龙江垦区,2023农药施用量为1.43万t,其中除草剂占比达77.9%[2].除草剂在土壤中的残留可能导致后茬作物药害、土壤生态服务功能下降等问题,对农业可持续发展和生态环境安全存在潜在威胁[3].近年来,除草剂在环境中的残留和迁移问题引起了广泛关注.研究表明,除草剂不仅残留于耕层土壤,还可能存在于周围的非目标地块、地表水、沉积物甚至地下水中[4-5].以往的研究更多关注于除草剂在表层土壤和其他环境介质中的残留,或特定除草剂在实验室土柱中的淋溶迁移[6-8].针对除草剂在农田土壤剖面中的纵向残留和迁移特征尚缺乏较为全面和系统的研究,特别是除草剂高强度施用的东北黑土区.
目前,黑土地保护已经上升为国家战略[1].研究除草剂在旱地土壤中的纵向迁移对于保护和合理利用黑土地、促进黑土地土壤和农业可持续发展具有重要意义.因此,本文以东北黑土区14个典型旱地土壤剖面为研究对象,全面分析了57种除草剂在土壤剖面不同深度的残留种类、残留量以及土壤基本理化性质,旨在揭示除草剂在黑土区典型旱地土壤中的纵向残留特征及其影响因素,为制定科学的黑土地农田除草剂施用、残留阻控及风险管理政策提供科学依据.
研究区位于中国东北黑土区,该区域包括东北三省和内蒙古自治区的东四盟(赤峰市、通辽市、呼伦贝尔市和兴安盟),属暖温带半湿润季风气候,年降水量400~800mm,集中于6~8月.主要土壤类型包括黑土、黑钙土、暗棕壤、棕壤、白浆土和草甸土等.本文在黑龙江省嫩江市、吉林省梨树县、辽宁省铁岭市、辽宁省凤城市和内蒙古自治区科左中旗共调查了14个土壤剖面,剖面点位空间位置见图1.其中,有6个剖面位于嫩江市,该地区是黑土的典型分布区域并且是中国的大豆主产区之一.其余8个剖面分布于被誉为东北“黄金玉米带”的区域及其周边地带,这些地域构成了东北地区的核心玉米产区.剖面点位的土壤类型和土地利用方式如表1所示.这些剖面反映了东北黑土区主要的旱地利用方式和土壤类型,具有较好的代表性.
于2023年7月开展土壤剖面调查采样.每个剖面挖掘深度为120cm,剖面宽度为100cm.为便于剖面之间的横向比较,将观察面从上至下分为5层(0~20,20~40,40~60,60~80,80~100cm).每一层横向采集3份土壤样品混合后装入聚乙烯自封袋中.尽快送回实验室后,将每个样品分为两等份,一份储存于-20℃冰箱中用于除草剂分析测定,另一份风干、研磨、过筛后用于土壤理化性质测定.此外,在土壤剖面每一层的取样位置打3个环刀(100cm3),现场将环刀中的土样取出后装入聚乙烯自封袋带回,用于土壤容重和含水率测定.
准确称取10g土壤样品,加入3.0mL纯水,充分混合后加入10mL 1%的乙腈醋酸溶液,震荡30min.之后加入5.0g无水硫酸镁和1.0g氯化钠,剧烈震荡1min,接着在4℃条件下以10,000rpm的速度离心5min,待样品静置后进行纯化处理.取0.2g C18和0.15g PSA置于10mL带塞离心管中,抽取5.0mL已处理的提取液,震荡2min,继续在4℃下以5,000rpm离心3min.后将0.5mL上清液与0.5mL纯水混合后,通过0.2 µm滤膜,用于液相色谱-串联质谱(LC-MS/MS)分析.取2mL上清液用氮气吹干,重溶于1mL丙酮中,过0.2µm滤膜后进行气相色谱-串联质谱(GC-MS/MS)分析.每批土壤样品提取均通过加标回收法进行基质效应控制.使用该方法测定东北地区常用的55种除草剂以及两种莠去津的降解中间产物,脱乙基莠去津(DEA)和脱异丙基莠去津(DIA),具体的目标除草剂种类如表2所示.提取后物质的回收率通过计算绝对回收率来评估,回收率范围为69.7%~109.1%.方法的检出限(LOD)和定量限(LOQ)分别为0.001~0.1 μg/kg和0.3~20 μg/kg.
土壤容重、含水率测定采用环刀法[9].对采集的环刀土壤样品进行称重,记录湿重.将样品烘干至恒重,测量干重.根据湿重、干重以及环刀的体积计算3个平行样品的容重和含水率均值.黏粒(<0.005mm)和砂砾(0.05~1mm)含量采用激光粒度仪(LS 13320,Beckman Coulter)测定.土壤pH值通过水土比为2.5:1(Vm)的土壤悬液测定,土壤有机质(SOM)含量的测定采用重铬酸钾氧化法,土壤阳离子交换量(CEC)采用乙酸铵法在pH值7.0条件下测定,交换性阳离子Ca2+、Mg2+、K+、Na+的含量用ICP-AES(Optima 8000,Perkin Elmer)测定[10].
使用Excel和Python(3.11.2)的Pandas、NumPy、Sklearn库进行数据分析.使用Seaborn、Matplotlib库以及ArcGIS 10.6进行图形绘制.统计检验使用非参数的Kruskal-Wallis检验.
土壤剖面调查采样时间距除草剂施用时间约两月,期间土壤剖面中形成了明显的除草剂垂直分布(表3).尽管各剖面点位所检测到的除草剂种类以及总残留浓度波动明显,但都随深度递减,尤其在80~100cm深度中,种类与浓度均明显减少至较低水平.这表明除草剂的垂直残留特征在0~100cm的调查深度范围被充分揭示.烟嘧磺隆、异噁草松、DEA和莠去津在不同深度土壤中都是主要的残留类型,这些同时也是黑土区以往土壤调查中常见的除草剂残留种类[11].值得注意的是,表层土壤中浓度最高的烟嘧磺隆,其在60~100cm深度中的浓度低于DEA的浓度;乙草胺虽然在表层土壤中残留较高,但在20~100cm深度中并不是主要残留类型.
图2展示了不同层次土壤剖面中除草剂残留浓度随主要的除草剂种类、土壤类型以及利用方式的变化.结果显示,大部分除草剂在土壤剖面20~40cm中的浓度相比0~20cm大幅下降,并且已经降低至较低水平(<3μg/kg).而烟嘧磺隆在土壤剖面20~40cm和40~60cm中的平均浓度仍分别为28.46 μg/kg、16.41μg/kg.除草剂浓度在土壤剖面40~60cm中继续缓慢下降,但更深层次土壤(60~100cm)中的除草剂残留浓度无明显下降趋势(图2(a)).这表明60~100cm深度土壤中除草剂的纵向迁移量很小.就土壤类型而言,草甸土土壤剖面的不同层次中除草剂总残留浓度高于黑土(图2(b)).不同土地利用方式的土壤剖面中除草剂残留的大小顺序为:玉米地>大豆地>林地(图(2c)).但不同土壤类型和土地利用类型之间的差异在统计上无显著性(P>0.05).值得注意的是,本次调查的玉米地土壤类型多为草甸土,大豆地多为黑土.因此,不同土壤类型和土地利用类型之间的差异难以说明影响除草剂总残留浓度的主要因素.尽管如此,玉米地标志性除草剂烟嘧磺隆在土壤剖面0~60cm中的高残留揭示了土地利用方式可能是决定其残留量大小的关键因素.
除草剂残留比例随土壤剖面深度的变化进一步揭示了除草剂在土壤剖面中的分布特征(图3).本研究中的除草剂残留比例指除草剂在某一深度中的浓度占该除草剂0~100cm总浓度的比例.结果显示,烯草酮和乙氧氟草醚这些在表层土壤(0~20cm)中浓度较低的除草剂,在20~100cm中的残留比例反而相对较高.而表层残留浓度较高的烟嘧磺隆、乙草胺和异噁草松等除草剂则表现出相反的结果.这说明即使除草剂在表层土壤中浓度较低,也可能在不同深度的土壤剖面中广泛分布.此外,部分除草剂如DEA和DIA在深层土壤中的残留比例反而比浅层土壤中高,这可能归因于DEA和DIA相比莠去津在土壤剖面中更容易运移,深层土壤的低氧条件又增强了它们的稳定性[12],从而导致这些除草剂在深层土壤中形成明显了的残留.此外,在东北地区的低温冻土条件下,这些除草剂在深层土壤中的残留可能较其他地区更为明显[13].上述结果反映了不同除草剂在土壤剖面中的纵向迁移和残留特征的多样性.因此,针对除草剂在土壤剖面中的残留,有必要对其影响因素进行进一步探究,以根据其纵向残留特征及影响因素采取多样化的风险管理和控制策略.
将剖面点位根据调查得知的土地利用方式进行分组后,对表层土壤(0~20cm)中各种除草剂的残留浓度进行主成分分析.图4显示,玉米地常用除草剂烟嘧磺隆和莠去津在第一主成分上的载荷较高,而大豆地常用的异噁草松在第二主成分上的载荷较高.此外,在玉米地和大豆地均常用的乙草胺和噻吩磺隆,在两个主成分上均显示出较高的载荷.因此,第一和第二主成分能够分别代表玉米地和大豆地常用的除草剂类型.土壤剖面点位在主成分坐标上的投影显示,土地利用方式为大豆地的剖面点位集中分布于第二主成分(大豆)的正向,玉米-大豆轮作的NJ3同时位于两个主成分的正向空间.利用方式为玉米地的剖面点位较为分散.这可能是由于这些点位之间的空间距离较远,土地利用历史以及除草剂施用管理模式存在较大差异.但总体上看,这些玉米剖面点位的95%置信椭圆仍然与第一主成分(玉米)相近.上述结果揭示了土地利用方式与表层土壤中除草剂残留的种类及浓度之间的紧密联系,进一步明确了在不同土地利用方式下,所选用的除草剂种类及其施用量是直接影响土壤除草剂残留的关键因素.此外,由旱地改为林地的TL1剖面,分布于第一主成分的负向,第二主成分的正向.这表明停止耕作三年后,土壤中仍然保留了一定的大豆地除草剂残留特征.
图5显示,0~20cm中的除草剂总浓度与其余各深度层次中的除草剂总浓度都有正向关系.此外,不同拟合公式的斜率差异说明,0~20cm土壤剖面中的除草剂总残留浓度对20~40cm深度中的除草剂总残留浓度有较大影响,但这种影响随着深度增加而迅速减小.这些结果证实了表层土壤中的除草剂是土壤剖面中除草剂残留的来源,表明了土地利用方式在主导表层土壤中的除草剂残留特征的同时,也对土壤剖面下层土壤中的除草剂残留存在重要影响.
除了除草剂施用的种类和施用量存在差异外,不同土地利用方式选用的各种除草剂本身理化性质也有很大的差异.将除草剂在各深度层次中的残留比例与除草剂的辛醇-水分配系数logKow、水溶解度、在土壤中的半衰期DT50和降解90%所需时间DT90分别进行线性回归分析.表4显示了所有回归关系中t统计量显著的拟合结果.回归方程1显示除草剂的logKow与其在表层土壤(0~20cm)中的残留比例存在极显著的负相关关系(P<0.001).这表明,logKow较大的非离子型除草剂即使受到土壤有机质较强吸附作用[14],它们仍然会在土壤剖面中发生明显的迁移和残留.伴随溶解性有机质(DOM)的水渗透迁移可能是这类除草剂克服土壤吸附作用发生明显纵向迁移的重要原因[15-18].回归方程2和3显示除草剂的降解周期与其在表层土壤中的残留比例呈负相关,与深层土壤中的残留比例呈正相关(P<0.05).这表明降解周期较长的除草剂在深层土壤中形成了更多的残留.因为这些除草剂本身更为稳定,并且,深层土壤中的生物活性较低[12],除草剂在其中的降解周期将进一步延长.因此,应当在深层土壤中重点监测降解周期较长的乙氧氟草醚、异噁草松、莠去津及其降解产物DEA,通过合理调整除草剂施用策略减少深层土壤中的除草剂残留,以防止由除草剂导致的土壤和地下水污染.此外,除草剂在20~80cm土壤剖面中的残留比例与其理化性质无显著回归结果.可能因为在这段深度范围内的除草剂残留受上层土壤中除草剂迁移的影响更为强烈,其残留特征的形成机制相比表层和深层土壤更为复杂.
表5展示了土壤理化性质在剖面不同深度上的变化,这些理化性质可能对除草剂在土壤中的环境行为具有重要影响.将除草剂在不同层次土壤剖面中的残留比例作为因变量,8个土壤理化性质作为自变量进行全子集回归,得到的所有满足统计显著性的多元回归模型如表6所示.结果显示,土壤剖面0~20cm的pH值与除草剂在其中残留比例呈负相关(P<0.05).这与自然土壤对农药的吸附能力随pH值升高而降低的规律相吻合[19].另据陈天明等的研究[7],较高的pH值将导致弱酸型除草剂离解为阴离子,增强其水溶解度,减弱土壤对其的吸附能力.而在0~20cm土壤剖面中残留量较大的磺酰脲类除草剂烟嘧磺隆正是典型的弱酸型除草剂.此外,表层土壤中微生物活性相比下层较高,且微生物更容易代谢除草剂的水解产物.因此在水解反应与微生物降解的相互促进过程中,较高的pH值导致了表层土壤中的除草剂残留比例进一步下降[20].土壤剖面0~20cm中的阳离子交换量(CEC)与除草剂在其中的残留比例呈负相关(P<0.05).这可能由于土壤的CEC升高,减弱了其对弱酸型除草剂的吸附能力.表层土壤黏粒含量与除草剂在该剖面层次中的残留比例呈正相关(P<0.01).这表明表层土壤中带负电的黏粒虽然对烟嘧磺隆等阴离子型除草剂的吸附能力较弱,但对非离子型除草剂,例如异噁草松、莠去津、乙草胺产生了强烈的吸附作用.此外,在土壤剖面80~100cm中,除pH值以外,SOM、CEC、盐基饱和度、容重和含水率与除草剂的残留比例都呈负相关(P<0.05),并且土壤容重的回归系数(β=-0.4494)明显高于其他变量.由于上层土壤中的除草剂是深层土壤中除草剂的“源”,因此80~100cm深度土壤的容重增大直接阻碍了来自上层土壤中的除草剂迁移,从而显著降低该层次中的除草剂残留分布比例.以上这些结果揭示了土壤理化性质直接或间接影响着除草剂在土壤中的吸附、迁移及降解过程.因此,基于实际土壤条件实行针对性的除草剂施用管理措施将有效降低除草剂在深层土壤中的残留.例如通过增加有机物料投入,间接改善土壤结构和微生物活动,促进表层土壤中除草剂的自然降解;在碱性土壤条件下,避免使用易迁移的弱酸型除草剂等.
除草剂在土壤中主要通过大孔隙的水渗透作用进行传输,其次是随基质流动而迁移[21].因此,在不进行灌溉的旱地土壤中,降雨是驱动除草剂在农田土壤中纵向迁移的关键自然因素.研究基于Google Earth Engine(GEE)平台中的“全球降水测量”(GPM)数据集,计算得到各剖面点位在2023年5月1日至采样期间的总降雨量以及5~7月的降雨强度.其中降雨强度为各月份的日均降雨量.特别地,7月降雨强度为7月1日至采样日期的日均降雨量.由于这些降雨因素变量之间存在共线性,研究采用岭回归方法进行拟合[21].将除草剂在不同层次土壤剖面中的残留比例作为因变量,总降雨量和5~7月的降雨强度作为自变量的岭回归分析结果如表7所示.研究发现,降雨因素能较好地解释土壤剖面0~40cm中除草剂的残留比例(R2≥0.35),而在土壤剖面60~100cm中的解释能力很弱(R2≤0.05).这表明在东北黑土区旱地土壤中,降雨对除草剂在土壤剖面0~40cm中的垂直迁移有较大影响,而在60~100cm深度中的影响几乎可以忽略.此影响随深度变化的趋势与除草剂在剖面中的残留浓度的变化趋势基本一致(图2).此外,总降雨量以及6~7月的降雨强度与除草剂在土壤剖面0~20cm中的残留比例呈负相关,与土壤剖面20~60cm中的除草剂残留比例呈正相关.这表明总降雨量增加以及6~7月降雨强度的增强促进了除草剂在土壤剖面中的纵向迁移,这与除草剂土柱淋溶实验结果基本一致[22,23].值得注意的是,5月的降雨强度与除草剂在0~20cm土壤剖面中的残留比例呈正相关,而与下层土壤中的除草剂残留比例呈负相关.这可能是由于5月距离除草剂使用时间较近,初期降雨引发的地表径流减少了除草剂在表层土壤中的残留[24],其淋溶深度随表层浓度降低而降低[23].另一方面,东北春季降雨稀少且旱地不进行灌溉,故5月降雨发生时,0~20cm土层仍维持非饱和状态,降雨使除草剂在表层更均匀地分布,增强了非饱和土壤对其吸附,抑制了垂直迁移[12].而6、7月降雨量和降雨强度攀升,使土壤趋于饱和,降雨对除草剂的淋溶作用增强且效率更高,除草剂下渗加剧.上述结果揭示了降雨通过改变土壤水分饱和状态及促进地表径流、淋溶过程,塑造了除草剂在土壤剖面中的纵向残留格局.因此,降雨不仅是影响农业生产的重要因素,也是实现农业可持续发展需要考虑的重要变量.
3.1 东北黑土区旱地土壤剖面普遍存在多种除草剂的残留和纵向迁移.不同土地利用方式所采用的不同除草剂使用策略主导着土壤剖面中的除草剂残留特征.尤其是在玉米地中,其常用除草剂烟嘧磺隆在0~60cm深度的平均残留浓度尤为突出(>16μg/kg).此外,莠去津降解产物DEA和DIA在深层土壤(60~100cm)中形成了明显的残留.
3.2 除草剂自身理化性质对其在土壤剖面中的残留有显著影响.其中,除草剂的logKow与其在表层土壤(0~20cm)中的分布比例呈负相关(P<0.001).除草剂降解周期与其在深层土壤(80~100cm)中的分布比例呈正相关(P<0.05).
3.3 不同层次土壤剖面中的土壤理化性质及降雨条件对除草剂的纵向分布具有显著影响.表层土壤的pH值与除草剂分布比例呈负相关(P<0.05).深层土壤中,土壤容重与除草剂的分布比例呈负相关(P<0.05).5~7月总降雨量以及6~7月降雨强度的增强,均对除草剂在土壤剖面中的纵向迁移有促进作用.而5月降雨强度的增强却增加了除草剂在表层土壤中的分布比例.
  • 中国科学院战略性先导科技专项(XDA28010100)
  • 国家重点研发计划项目(2021YFD1500202)
  • 江苏省科技计划“一带一路”创新合作项目(BZ2023003)
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  • 接收时间:2024-06-18
  • 首发时间:2026-03-18
  • 出版时间:2025-01-20
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  • 收稿日期:2024-06-18
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中国科学院战略性先导科技专项(XDA28010100)
国家重点研发计划项目(2021YFD1500202)
江苏省科技计划“一带一路”创新合作项目(BZ2023003)
作者信息
    1.中国科学院南京土壤研究所,土壤与农业可持续发展国家重点实验室,江苏 南京 211135
    2.中国科学院大学,北京 100049
    3.中国科学院大学中丹学院,北京 101400

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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
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红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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