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This paper is based on simulation data from the "SD-PLUS-InVEST" coupling model, a collaborative evaluation method of regional green expansion and economic growth was developed and carried out at both economic belts and provincial scales. Then, the future simulation features, potential difficulties and new quality policy of realizing the targeted coordinated development were analyzed and discussed from perspective of "economic belt-province and city". The results showed that the land use type in the Yangtze River Economic belt was dominated by forest land, and the overall carbon storage quality indicated a downward trend from 2000 to 2030. The carbon service values under the scenarios of the ecological protection, the high-quality development and the high-speed development scenario decreased by 5.88, 17.664 and 38.303 billion yuan, respectively. Based on the synergy assessment of ecological expansion benefits and economic growth benefits, the level of synergistic development under the high-quality development scenario was optimal. Spatially, there were obvious differences in the level of coordinated development to some extent. Based on the comparative analysis of the mentioned difference characteristics, the targeted policy was proposed to improve quality in the regional synergistic development of green expansion and economic growth.

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基于“SD-PLUS-InVEST”模型演化模拟结果,构建了扩绿与增长的协同评估模型,并开展了经济带及省级尺度评估,以“经济带—省市”协同视角解析、讨论了长江经济带实现生态扩绿与经济增长协同发展的未来特征与潜在困境,并提出了长江经济带协同发展的提质路径.结果显示,长江经济带土地利用类型以林地为主,2000~2030年碳储量整体呈下降趋势,生态保护情景的碳服务价值共减少了58.8亿元,高质量发展情景的碳服务价值降低了176.64亿元,高速发展情景的碳服务价值下降了383.03亿元.基于生态扩绿和经济增长的协同评估,高质量发展情景的协同发展水平最优.空间上,各省市扩绿增长协同发展水平存在较明显差异,根据差异特征分析为经济带协同扩绿增长提出了提质发展对策.

, correspAuthors=李飞, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
*责任作者,教授,
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屈志光(1985-),男,河南安阳人,副教授,博士,主要研究方向为资源环境经济与管理、工程技术管理,发表论文50余篇..

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屈志光(1985-),男,河南安阳人,副教授,博士,主要研究方向为资源环境经济与管理、工程技术管理,发表论文50余篇..

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屈志光(1985-),男,河南安阳人,副教授,博士,主要研究方向为资源环境经济与管理、工程技术管理,发表论文50余篇..

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Acta Geographica Sinica202075(10):2164-2179., articleTitle=Multi-level vector cellular automata modeling and land use change simulation, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1241071517241503942, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1234093305789726721, articleId=1241049967444423595, awardId=19CGL042, language=CN, fundingSource=国家社会科学基金资助项目(19CGL042), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1241071517317001415, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1234093305789726721, articleId=1241049967444423595, awardId=T2021032, language=CN, fundingSource=湖北省高等学校优秀中青年科技创新团队项目(T2021032), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1241071517371527368, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1234093305789726721, articleId=1241049967444423595, awardId=202351418, language=CN, fundingSource=中南财经政法大学中央高校基本科研业务费专项(202351418), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1241071517438636233, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1234093305789726721, articleId=1241049967444423595, awardId=2722024EJ024, language=CN, fundingSource=中南财经政法大学中央高校基本科研业务费专项(2722024EJ024), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1241071511537250430, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1234093305789726721, articleId=1241049967444423595, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241071511545639039, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1234093305789726721, articleId=1241049967444423595, companyId=1241071511537250430, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=Research Center for Environment and Health, School of Information Engineering, Zhongnan University of Economics and Law, Wuhan 430073, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241071511554027648, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1234093305789726721, articleId=1241049967444423595, companyId=1241071511537250430, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=中南财经政法大学信息工程学院,环境与健康研究中心,湖北 武汉 430073)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1241071513630208164, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1234093305789726721, articleId=1241049967444423595, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=Location map of the Yangtze River Economic Belt, figureFileSmall=zyAmNwsE5R0Zwc1dWhcS9A==, figureFileBig=LyMbdaF9TJIzt5VS7SY4wQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241071513688928421, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1234093305789726721, articleId=1241049967444423595, language=CN, label=图1, caption=长江经济带区位

审图号:GS(2024)0650号,下同

, figureFileSmall=zyAmNwsE5R0Zwc1dWhcS9A==, figureFileBig=LyMbdaF9TJIzt5VS7SY4wQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241071513768620198, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1234093305789726721, articleId=1241049967444423595, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=SD model of land use change forecasting in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, figureFileSmall=7D+T+u+1DKltjyuFj1BuSg==, figureFileBig=RX4ZUz2+deJrEak1J7l8vA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241071513831534759, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1234093305789726721, articleId=1241049967444423595, language=CN, label=图2, caption=长江经济带土地利用变化预测SD模型, figureFileSmall=7D+T+u+1DKltjyuFj1BuSg==, figureFileBig=RX4ZUz2+deJrEak1J7l8vA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241071513890255016, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1234093305789726721, articleId=1241049967444423595, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=Land use pattern maps under the 3scenario simulations, figureFileSmall=7opwxHP8j5wLSgzGtc1+FQ==, figureFileBig=cyRRZ7YR2hoKKrbxYNNbwQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241071513961558185, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1234093305789726721, articleId=1241049967444423595, language=CN, label=图3, caption=不同情景模拟下土地利用格局, figureFileSmall=7opwxHP8j5wLSgzGtc1+FQ==, figureFileBig=cyRRZ7YR2hoKKrbxYNNbwQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241071514041249962, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1234093305789726721, articleId=1241049967444423595, language=EN, label=Fig.4, caption=Carbon density spatial distribution map from 2000 to 2020, figureFileSmall=1j6SySlJNGvyE8sWo+m62Q==, figureFileBig=vN0F2gQh5cshaENcgFku8A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241071514099970219, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1234093305789726721, articleId=1241049967444423595, language=CN, label=图4, caption=2000~2020年碳密度空间分布, figureFileSmall=1j6SySlJNGvyE8sWo+m62Q==, figureFileBig=vN0F2gQh5cshaENcgFku8A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241071514154496172, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1234093305789726721, articleId=1241049967444423595, language=EN, label=Fig.5, caption=Evolution map of carbon stocks in each decade from 2000 to 2020 (Tg), figureFileSmall=XscUJw2sdzTsI1G67Z5XZA==, figureFileBig=8wZVvp84MX7gA8110yRNMA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241071515194683565, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1234093305789726721, articleId=1241049967444423595, language=CN, label=图5, caption=2000~2020年每10a各地类转移碳储量演变(Tg), figureFileSmall=XscUJw2sdzTsI1G67Z5XZA==, figureFileBig=8wZVvp84MX7gA8110yRNMA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241071515261792430, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1234093305789726721, articleId=1241049967444423595, language=EN, label=Fig.6, caption=Carbon density spatial distribution map under the studied scenarios in 2030, figureFileSmall=DyDyUCNqc+Tg8uSqltvcSA==, figureFileBig=CikT48mqgONqNJ84hqzB9A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241071515354067119, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1234093305789726721, articleId=1241049967444423595, language=CN, label=图6, caption=不同情景下2030年碳密度空间分布, figureFileSmall=DyDyUCNqc+Tg8uSqltvcSA==, figureFileBig=CikT48mqgONqNJ84hqzB9A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241071515437953200, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1234093305789726721, articleId=1241049967444423595, language=EN, label=Fig.7, caption=Evolution map of carbon stocks under the studied scenarios(Tg), figureFileSmall=6QTbeUANb5uPcOm853dbTQ==, figureFileBig=KGZtnQFpz9oKG3bexJrEeg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241071515555393713, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1234093305789726721, articleId=1241049967444423595, language=CN, label=图7, caption=各研究情景下各地类转移碳储量演变(Tg), figureFileSmall=6QTbeUANb5uPcOm853dbTQ==, figureFileBig=KGZtnQFpz9oKG3bexJrEeg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241071515702194354, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1234093305789726721, articleId=1241049967444423595, language=EN, label=Fig.8, caption=Spatial pattern of coordinated development among provinces and cities in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, figureFileSmall=o4HdDD7AxlLu/nbi0VlYkQ==, figureFileBig=Oz97P/dwKXwzOcPu36WY/Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241071515773497523, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1234093305789726721, articleId=1241049967444423595, language=CN, label=图8, caption=长江经济带各省市协同发展的空间格局, figureFileSmall=o4HdDD7AxlLu/nbi0VlYkQ==, figureFileBig=Oz97P/dwKXwzOcPu36WY/Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241071515848994996, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1234093305789726721, articleId=1241049967444423595, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Data information and sources

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
种类数据年份尺度来源
土地利用土地利用数据2000、2005、2010、2015、202030mwww.resdc.cn
自然环境因素高程(DEM)202090mwww.gscloud.cn
降雨20201kmwww.geodata.cn
气温20201kmwww.geodata.cn
社会经济因素公里网格GDP20191kmwww.resdc.cn
人口密度20191kmwww.resdc.cn
夜间灯光20201kmwww.resdc.cn
可达性因素距主干道距离2020www.geodata.cn
距铁路距离2020www.geodata.cn
距水路距离2020www.geodata.cn
政策规划和统计数据《中国统计年鉴》《中国区域统计年鉴》《中国城乡建设统计年鉴》、各省统计年鉴2001~2021国家统计局、各省统计局
《“十四五”长江经济带发展实施方案》2021~2025国家发展和改革委员会
《“十四五”推动长江经济带发展城乡建设行动方案》2021~2025住房和城乡建设部
《长江经济带—长江流域国土空间规划(2021—2035年)》2021~2035自然资源部
), ArticleFig(id=1241071515916103861, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1234093305789726721, articleId=1241049967444423595, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

数据信息和来源

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
种类数据年份尺度来源
土地利用土地利用数据2000、2005、2010、2015、202030mwww.resdc.cn
自然环境因素高程(DEM)202090mwww.gscloud.cn
降雨20201kmwww.geodata.cn
气温20201kmwww.geodata.cn
社会经济因素公里网格GDP20191kmwww.resdc.cn
人口密度20191kmwww.resdc.cn
夜间灯光20201kmwww.resdc.cn
可达性因素距主干道距离2020www.geodata.cn
距铁路距离2020www.geodata.cn
距水路距离2020www.geodata.cn
政策规划和统计数据《中国统计年鉴》《中国区域统计年鉴》《中国城乡建设统计年鉴》、各省统计年鉴2001~2021国家统计局、各省统计局
《“十四五”长江经济带发展实施方案》2021~2025国家发展和改革委员会
《“十四五”推动长江经济带发展城乡建设行动方案》2021~2025住房和城乡建设部
《长江经济带—长江流域国土空间规划(2021—2035年)》2021~2035自然资源部
), ArticleFig(id=1241071515999989942, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1234093305789726721, articleId=1241049967444423595, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Carbon density under different land use types in the Yangtze River Economic Belt (t/hm2)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
土地利用类型CaboveCbelowCsoilCdead合计
耕地16.495.575.82097.81
林地31.926.38146.823.48188.6
草地14.295.3787.053.04109.75
水域1.59064.03065.62
建设用地7.611.5225.25034.38
未利用地10.362.078.25020.68
), ArticleFig(id=1241071516075487415, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1234093305789726721, articleId=1241049967444423595, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

长江经济带各土地利用类型下的碳密度(t/hm2)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
土地利用类型CaboveCbelowCsoilCdead合计
耕地16.495.575.82097.81
林地31.926.38146.823.48188.6
草地14.295.3787.053.04109.75
水域1.59064.03065.62
建设用地7.611.5225.25034.38
未利用地10.362.078.25020.68
), ArticleFig(id=1241071516138401976, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1234093305789726721, articleId=1241049967444423595, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Parameter settings in the studied scenarios

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
情景变量生态保护情景高速发展情景高质量发展情景
GDP中高
人口
城镇化率
林地投资系数中高
), ArticleFig(id=1241071516192927929, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1234093305789726721, articleId=1241049967444423595, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

不同研究情景下参数设置

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
情景变量生态保护情景高速发展情景高质量发展情景
GDP中高
人口
城镇化率
林地投资系数中高
), ArticleFig(id=1241071516255842490, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1234093305789726721, articleId=1241049967444423595, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Simulation results of land use demand within the Yangtze River Economic Belt in 2030 under the studied scenarios (km2)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
土地利用类型生态保护情景高速发展情景高质量发展情景
耕地581702578539579863
林地961047956566959885
草地331289333962331825
水域682876829368436
建设用地825548867085550
未利用地203201916919642
), ArticleFig(id=1241071516322951355, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1234093305789726721, articleId=1241049967444423595, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

不同情景下长江经济带2030年土地利用需求量模拟结果(km2)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
土地利用类型生态保护情景高速发展情景高质量发展情景
耕地581702578539579863
林地961047956566959885
草地331289333962331825
水域682876829368436
建设用地825548867085550
未利用地203201916919642
), ArticleFig(id=1241071516398448828, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1234093305789726721, articleId=1241049967444423595, language=EN, label=Table 5, caption=

Quality of carbon storage in different land use types under the studied scenarios (Tg)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
土地利用类型生态保护情景高速发展情景高质量发展情景
耕地5689.635658.695671.64
林地18125.3518040.8318103.43
草地3635.903665.233641.78
水域448.10448.14449.08
建设用地283.82302.70292.45
未利用地42.0240.9341.62
), ArticleFig(id=1241071516461363389, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1234093305789726721, articleId=1241049967444423595, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

不同发展情景下各地类碳储量(Tg)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
土地利用类型生态保护情景高速发展情景高质量发展情景
耕地5689.635658.695671.64
林地18125.3518040.8318103.43
草地3635.903665.233641.78
水域448.10448.14449.08
建设用地283.82302.70292.45
未利用地42.0240.9341.62
), ArticleFig(id=1241071516557832382, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1234093305789726721, articleId=1241049967444423595, language=EN, label=Table 6, caption=

Value of carbon assets and carbon services under each study scenario(100 million yuan)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
情景碳资产价值碳服务价值
生态保护情景134660.57-58.80
高速发展情景134334.80-383.03
高质量发展情景134542.20-176.64
), ArticleFig(id=1241071516654301375, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1234093305789726721, articleId=1241049967444423595, language=CN, label=表6, caption=

各研究情景下碳资产和碳服务价值(亿元)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
情景碳资产价值碳服务价值
生态保护情景134660.57-58.80
高速发展情景134334.80-383.03
高质量发展情景134542.20-176.64
), ArticleFig(id=1241071516717215936, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1234093305789726721, articleId=1241049967444423595, language=EN, label=Table 7, caption=

Evaluation index and weight of coupling coordination degree model for promoting green expansion and economic growth

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
类型评价指标单位指标性质
扩绿单位面积碳资产价值万元/km2正向
单位面积碳服务价值万元/km2正向
增长人均地区生产总值万元/人正向
固定资产投资额亿元正向
), ArticleFig(id=1241071516775936193, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1234093305789726721, articleId=1241049967444423595, language=CN, label=表7, caption=

扩绿增长协同评估指标及其权重

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
类型评价指标单位指标性质
扩绿单位面积碳资产价值万元/km2正向
单位面积碳服务价值万元/km2正向
增长人均地区生产总值万元/人正向
固定资产投资额亿元正向
), ArticleFig(id=1241071516851433666, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1234093305789726721, articleId=1241049967444423595, language=EN, label=Table 8, caption=

Coupling coordinated assessment results of the Yangtze River Economic Belt in 2030

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
情景扩绿效益增长效益耦合度耦合协调度
生态保护1.0010.0010.0200.100
高速发展0.0011.0010.0200.100
高质量发展0.6370.4820.9900.744
), ArticleFig(id=1241071516943708355, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1234093305789726721, articleId=1241049967444423595, language=CN, label=表8, caption=

2030年长江经济带扩绿增长协同评估结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
情景扩绿效益增长效益耦合度耦合协调度
生态保护1.0010.0010.0200.100
高速发展0.0011.0010.0200.100
高质量发展0.6370.4820.9900.744
), ArticleFig(id=1241071517010817220, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1234093305789726721, articleId=1241049967444423595, language=EN, label=Table 9, caption=

Coupling coordinated assessment results of the provinces and cities under the high-quality development scenario

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
省市扩绿效益增长效益耦合度耦合协调度
上海0.1160.6950.7000.533
浙江0.7480.6470.9970.834
江苏0.0830.6570.6310.483
安徽0.4670.3070.9790.616
湖北0.8540.3110.8850.718
湖南0.9430.2450.8100.694
江西0.9290.2710.8360.709
重庆0.8920.2740.8480.703
四川0.7660.2300.8430.648
贵州0.9570.0640.4840.497
云南0.9470.1320.6550.594
), ArticleFig(id=1241071517094703301, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1234093305789726721, articleId=1241049967444423595, language=CN, label=表9, caption=

高质量发展情景下各省市协同评估结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
省市扩绿效益增长效益耦合度耦合协调度
上海0.1160.6950.7000.533
浙江0.7480.6470.9970.834
江苏0.0830.6570.6310.483
安徽0.4670.3070.9790.616
湖北0.8540.3110.8850.718
湖南0.9430.2450.8100.694
江西0.9290.2710.8360.709
重庆0.8920.2740.8480.703
四川0.7660.2300.8430.648
贵州0.9570.0640.4840.497
云南0.9470.1320.6550.594
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长江经济带土地利用模拟与扩绿增长协同发展
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屈志光 , 杨伯元 , 胡李丹 , 李飞 * , 汪金卓
中国环境科学 | 环境生态 2025,45(1): 465-476
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中国环境科学 | 环境生态 2025, 45(1): 465-476
长江经济带土地利用模拟与扩绿增长协同发展
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屈志光 , 杨伯元, 胡李丹, 李飞* , 汪金卓
作者信息
  • 中南财经政法大学信息工程学院,环境与健康研究中心,湖北 武汉 430073
  • 屈志光(1985-),男,河南安阳人,副教授,博士,主要研究方向为资源环境经济与管理、工程技术管理,发表论文50余篇..

通讯作者:

*责任作者,教授,
Simulation of land use and synergistic development between promoting green expansion and economic growth in the Yangtze River Economic Belt
Zhi-guang QU , Bo-yuan YANG, Li-dan HU, Fei Li* , Jin-zhuo WANG
Affiliations
  • Research Center for Environment and Health, School of Information Engineering, Zhongnan University of Economics and Law, Wuhan 430073, China
出版时间: 2025-01-20
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基于“SD-PLUS-InVEST”模型演化模拟结果,构建了扩绿与增长的协同评估模型,并开展了经济带及省级尺度评估,以“经济带—省市”协同视角解析、讨论了长江经济带实现生态扩绿与经济增长协同发展的未来特征与潜在困境,并提出了长江经济带协同发展的提质路径.结果显示,长江经济带土地利用类型以林地为主,2000~2030年碳储量整体呈下降趋势,生态保护情景的碳服务价值共减少了58.8亿元,高质量发展情景的碳服务价值降低了176.64亿元,高速发展情景的碳服务价值下降了383.03亿元.基于生态扩绿和经济增长的协同评估,高质量发展情景的协同发展水平最优.空间上,各省市扩绿增长协同发展水平存在较明显差异,根据差异特征分析为经济带协同扩绿增长提出了提质发展对策.

土地利用  /  陆地碳储  /  演化模拟  /  长江经济带  /  协同发展

This paper is based on simulation data from the "SD-PLUS-InVEST" coupling model, a collaborative evaluation method of regional green expansion and economic growth was developed and carried out at both economic belts and provincial scales. Then, the future simulation features, potential difficulties and new quality policy of realizing the targeted coordinated development were analyzed and discussed from perspective of "economic belt-province and city". The results showed that the land use type in the Yangtze River Economic belt was dominated by forest land, and the overall carbon storage quality indicated a downward trend from 2000 to 2030. The carbon service values under the scenarios of the ecological protection, the high-quality development and the high-speed development scenario decreased by 5.88, 17.664 and 38.303 billion yuan, respectively. Based on the synergy assessment of ecological expansion benefits and economic growth benefits, the level of synergistic development under the high-quality development scenario was optimal. Spatially, there were obvious differences in the level of coordinated development to some extent. Based on the comparative analysis of the mentioned difference characteristics, the targeted policy was proposed to improve quality in the regional synergistic development of green expansion and economic growth.

land use  /  terrestrial carbon sequestration  /  evolutionary simulation  /  Yangtze River Economic Belt  /  synergistic development
屈志光, 杨伯元, 胡李丹, 李飞, 汪金卓. 长江经济带土地利用模拟与扩绿增长协同发展. 中国环境科学, 2025 , 45 (1) : 465 -476 .
Zhi-guang QU, Bo-yuan YANG, Li-dan HU, Fei Li, Jin-zhuo WANG. Simulation of land use and synergistic development between promoting green expansion and economic growth in the Yangtze River Economic Belt[J]. China Environmental Science, 2025 , 45 (1) : 465 -476 .
长江经济带土地利用变化剧烈,国土开发和保护之间存在大量矛盾.2024年国务院批复的《长江经济带—长江流域国土规划(2021-2035年)》明确指出要在国土空间规划全局“一张图”的基础上协同解决矛盾问题,强化生态环境保护.《中共中央国务院关于全面推进美丽中国建设的意见》指出要协同推进降碳、减污、扩绿、增长,维护国家生态安全,实现国土空间开发保护格局优化[1].探索不同情景下土地利用变化对陆地生态系统碳储的影响,对于优化区域生态系统服务功能和制定可持续的社会经济发展政策至关重要[2].陆地生态系统的碳储量是全球碳储量的重要组成部分[3],在生态系统碳储量总量中占有很大比例,是一种稳定、安全、高效的固碳方法[4],而土地利用覆被变化(LUCC)会显著影响陆地生态系统碳储量变化[5-6].因此,探讨土地利用变化如何提升陆地生态系统碳储,以及科学协同推进扩绿增长,是长江经济带实现高质量发展的重要课题之一.
国内外有很多学者使用土地利用模拟模型分析LUCC.土地利用模拟模型可分为两大类,即数量预测模型及空间预测模型[7].数量预测模型应用较为广泛的有灰色预测模型(GF)[8]、系统动力学模型(SD)[9]以及马尔可夫链模型(Markov)[10].空间预测模型如CLUE[11]、元胞自动机模型(CA)[12]也有广泛应用.研究人员发现单一的数量预测模型或空间预测模型用于模拟土地利用变化,效果都不够理想,于是众多学者开始将数量预测与空间预测模型相结合,以实现土地利用空间动态模拟[13].
LUCC是影响陆地生态系统碳储量变化主要原因之一,学者们结合土地利用模拟与碳储量计算模型分析了碳储量变化[14-16].近年来,基于PLUS-InVEST模型模拟多情景下研究区域生态系统碳储量时空变化的论文显著增多[17-19].但是仅应用PLUS模型进行土地利用演化模拟,是在历史发展情景的基础上,粗略调整不同土地利用类型间的转移概率进行多情景设置.而SD模型能够通过不同模块和变量之间的反馈循环来模拟和分析复杂的土地利用变化系统.结合SD模型可以综合考量经济、人口、土地等相关因素,相对准确地进行多情景模拟[20].综上所述,研究土地利用对其碳储量的影响机制时,将多种模型进行结合可以使得土地利用及碳储量的预测结果更加科学、合理.
在对相关文献进行梳理后发现:(1)从研究方法看,土地利用模拟模型以单一数量或空间预测为主,本文借助SD-PLUS-InVEST模型在研究方法上有一定创新.(2)从情景模拟角度看,使用SD模型,综合考虑经济、人口、土地等相关因素能够更加准确进行多情景模拟.(3)从研究内容看,本文在陆地生态系统碳储量时空变化分析的基础上,加入了耦合协调分析,评估了长江经济带生态扩绿与经济增长协同发展情况.综上,本文借助SD-PLUS-InVEST模型对长江经济带土地利用时空变化和陆地生态系统碳储量及其经济价值进行评估,分析生态扩绿与经济增长协同推进情况,研究结果对于长江经济带协同区域国土空间规划和生态系统服务具有一定的参考价值.
长江经济带横跨中东部地区,连接南北.自东向西依次分布着长三角城市群、长江中游城市群和成渝城市群三大国家级城市群.地势为西部高,东部低,横贯我国三大阶梯,四季分明,雨热充足,夏季高温多雨,冬季温和少雨.这一独特的地理位置和丰富的自然资源,为其经济增长提供了重要支持.长江经济带集中了众多关键的城市和经济核心,形成了经济增长与生态挑战并存的复杂格局[21].并在上游、中游和下游的区域间,展现了土地利用、经济扩张和生态保护三者间的多功能互补的潜力.此外,长江经济带也是现阶段我国土地利用格局调整较为频繁的区域,土地开发利用强度远超全国平均水平,生态环境承载压力超负荷[22].近年来长江经济带频频出现土地资源短缺、农业用地生态用地减少和经济发展不平衡等问题.因此,优化长江经济带国土空间开发保护格局是当前亟须解决的关键问题.
研究所用的长江经济带土地利用数据,来自中国科学院资源环境科学与数据中心2000、2005、2010、2015和2020年的5期遥感影像数据.如表1所示,研究选取了高程、降雨量、气温、每公里网格的GDP、人口密度、夜间灯光强度和距主干道、铁路及水路的距离等多个指标作为土地利用变化的驱动因素,这些因素综合了自然环境、社会经济以及可达性的影响.由于驱动因素种类较多、数据分辨率不一致,且研究区域较大、数据量较多、模型运行难度较高,因此将所有栅格数据使用最近邻插值法(Nearest Neighbor Interpolation)重采样为100m分辨率,在ArcGIS平台上统一投影坐标为WGS1984.2000~2020年长江经济带的人口、经济社会发展数据均来自《中国统计年鉴》《中国区域统计年鉴》《中国城乡建设统计年鉴》以及各省统计年鉴与统计公报、国家统计局、各省统计局网站,数据准确性较高.
研究综合考量自然环境、社会经济和土地利用系统的相互作用,使用SD模型基于不同的经济发展路径进行多情景设置,获得土地利用数量;将结果作为数量约束条件,输入PLUS模型,模拟土地利用空间变化;再使用InVEST模型,基于土地利用变化分析碳储量时空演变.
研究中的扩绿指扩大生态用地面积,增强生态系统服务;增长指经济持续增长,实现质的有效提升.鉴于生态用地面积增加(即碳密度相对较高的土地增多)会导致碳储量增加,例如林地相对于草地和耕地的碳密度更高,当草地和耕地转移为林地时,碳储量增加,即为扩绿的正效应;建设用地相对于林地、草地和耕地的碳密度更低,建设用地的扩张会减少碳储量,即为扩绿的负效应[23].因此本文将“碳储量变化”作为“扩绿”的表征指标.结合耦合协调模型,分析“生态扩绿”与“经济增长”的协同推进情况.
SD模型能够模拟未来某一区域在某一特定的时期土地利用需求量情况,本文使用Vensim PLE 9.34软件来预测长江经济带2030年土地利用需求量,将经济、人口、土地等相关因素纳入该预测模型,不仅能够更加准确模拟长江经济带的土地利用变化,而且更有利于深入探究其土地利用变化机制以及影响其变化的因素,为长江经济带土地利用开发和区域发展规划提供科学的参考依据.
长江经济带土地利用系统动力学模型的空间边界为长江经济带全部行政边界,时间边界为2000~2030年,以2000~2020年为历史基期,以2020~2030年为模拟基期,步长为1a,预测模型如图2.
PLUS模型由中国地质大学(武汉)梁讯团队开发,用于模拟和预测土地利用变化,尤其是对特定区域内土地利用类型如何随着时间变化和转化的预测模拟[24].它通常利用空间数据和地理信息系统技术来分析和预测不同时间点或者某个时间段内的土地利用的空间分布变化.PLUS模型注重土地利用变化的空间动态性,结合了环境条件、经济发展等多种因素,能够识别出不同因素对土地利用变化的影响.通过设定不同的情景和政策干预,PLUS模型能够为城市规划、环境保护等提供科学的依据,其灵活性和适应性成为研究和管理土地资源的有力工具.
InVEST模型由美国斯坦福大学、世界自然基金会和大自然保护协会联合推出后,广泛应用于生态系统服务研究,例如使用InVEST模型中的陆地生态系统模块来估算陆地生态系统碳储量[25].该模型由一系列模拟土地利用变化生态效应的子模块组成,该模型将土地利用数据与各土地利用类型对应的碳库数据(表2)相结合,生成碳储量空间分布图.各种土地利用类型的碳储量相加之和,即为研究区域的总碳储量,其计算公式如下所示[26]
式中:Ctotal为陆地生态系统总碳储量,t;Ctotali为其中一个土地利用类型i的碳储量,t;Ai是该土地利用类型的面积,hm2;Cabovei为地上生物量碳密度,t/hm2;Cbelowi为地下生物量碳密度;Csoili为土壤碳密度;Cdeadi为死亡有机质碳密度.本文碳密度数据根据前人碳密度数据整理所得[27-32].
通过InVEST模型中的碳储量模块,计算得到所需要的碳资产价值和碳服务价值[25].
(1)碳资产价值评估方法
式中:Sx表示x陆地生态系统碳资产价值,元;Cx表示x陆地生态系统碳储量,t;P表示碳交易价格,元/t;x表示不同情景或不同省市.
(2)碳服务价值评估方法
式中:Sx表示不同情景或不同省市陆地生态系统碳资产价值,元;q是未来的一年;p是当前年份;r是碳价格的年度市场贴现率;c是碳价格的年变化率.
耦合协调度模型是对耦合度的进一步细化评估,当存在良性耦合时,各指标或功能相互影响,即为协调状况.耦合协调度模型为我们提供了一个有效协同发展水平的量化评估工具,它有助于我们更加深入地理解系统内各要素之间的协同状况,从而为决策制定提供有力的科学依据.本研究以耦合协调度模型为理论模型基础,构建起长江经济带扩绿与增长的协同评估模型,对其结果进行解析探讨并综合提出长江经济带扩绿增长的协同优化发展提质路径.计算公式如下[33]
式中:C为耦合度;U1表示生态扩绿效益;U2表示经济增长效益.C的数值越大,说明区域扩绿以及经济增长之间的耦合性越强.但该模型仅能反映生态扩绿与经济增长之间的相互作用,未能反映研究区域生态价值与经济发展的协同水平,故用耦合协调度模型进行评估.
耦合协调系数的取值范围在[0,1]之间,数值越高,代表扩绿与增长的协同性越好,其发展愈加均衡.计算公式如下[33]
式中:D为耦合协调度;T为系统的综合评价得分;ab分别代表各个子系统的影响权重.在本研究中ab的影响权重均设置为0.5.
本文基于SD模型,综合经济、人口、土地等因素进行多情景模拟,模型参数通过参考世界气候研究计划(WCRP)组织的“第六次国际耦合模式比较计划(CMIP6)”而设置.
(1)生态保护情景,响应长江经济带“山水林田湖草沙生命共同体建设”与人与自然和谐共生的政策而设置.该情景下GDP应用了SSP3路径1. GDP增长率取长江经济带“十三五”期间GDP增长率年均值.人口增长率应用的是SSP1路径2,城镇化率发展应用SSP3路径,人口数量变化延续当前人口增长率逐渐下降的趋势,通过时间函数得出2030年预测值.此情景城镇化率最低,更注重生态保护,禁止林地转出,林地投资系数最大,取“十三五”期间最大值.
(2)高速发展情景是一种高度发展的情景,主要依赖于粗放型的经济增长模式,工业化和新兴经济成功推动整个社会的发展.在这种情景下,经济快速增长,高城镇化进程,以及较高的人口增长率,基于此,GDP增长和城镇化水平应用SSP5路径3,同时人口数量呈现较高增长的趋势,应用SSP3路径,采用“十三五”期间人口增长率年均值,GDP增长速率在生态保护情景的基础之上提高2%,城镇化速率最高,达到发达国家水平,生态保护力度最小,林地投资系数最小.
(3)高质量发展情景结合了生态保护情景和高速发展情景的特征,综合考量了人口、经济和扩绿三者之间的协同发展.在该情景下,GDP保持较高速增长,GDP的增长速率应用SSP2路径4在生态保护情景的GDP增速基础上提高1%.人口增长速率应用SSP2路径,保持中速,取值为生态保护情景与高速发展情景均值.城镇化的水平较高,保持中高速.较为注重生态保护,林地投资力度较大,略小于生态保护情景,采用2020年的林业投资系数作为未来延续投资力度.
不同情景下参数设置如表3.
研究利用整体精度Kappa系数和FOM系数来衡量构建模型对2000~2020年土地利用变化模拟的精确性.Kappa的取值范围在[0,1],当Kappa值超过0.75时,表示模拟精度良好.FOM系数用于检验预测结果空间位置的变化情况,其准确性评估依赖于Kappa系数.FOM系数的理论上限越大,说明模拟结果越理想.研究验证结果显示Kappa系数整体精度较高,总体精度达到了0.93,FOM系数为0.052.表明实验模拟满足实验需求,验证了PLUS模型可用于模拟未来长江经济带土地利用空间格局变化[34].
本文利用构建的SD模型,基准时间为2020年,在输入3个情景相关参数后,得出2030年长江经济带在3个情景下的土地利用数据.再结合SD-PLUS模型,生成了长江经济带在3种情景下的土地利用空间分布图.预测结果如表4图3所示.结果表明,不同情景的土地利用需求和空间分布有所差异,总体来看,3种情景下土地利用空间分布存在较大差异的区域主要分布在长江三角洲冲积平原、四川盆地成都平原、西南林区以及九省二市的中心城区.
2.1.1 在生态保护情景下,林地在3种情景中增加最多,较2020年增长幅度为0.46%.新增林地主要分布在西南林区、长江中部地区以及长江下游浙江安徽交界处.建设用地扩张幅度最小,为9.85%.水域有所增加,但增长幅度最小,为0.92%.耕地、草地、未利用地的面积有所减少,耕地减少的幅度最小,为1.3%.
2.1.2 高速发展情景下,建设用地面积在3种情景中增加值居于首位,较2020年增长幅度达到了17.98%,其新增面积主要分布在长江三角洲城市群以及各个省市的中心地区.其中耕地主要转出为建设用地,减少幅度为1.84%.在3种情景中唯有高速发展情景出现了林地面积降低,降低幅度为0.01%.草地虽有减少,但减少的幅度低于其他情景,草地减少幅度为0.54%.
2.1.3 高质量发展情景下,林地面积的增量较大,增加幅度略小于生态保护情景,为0.34%.建设用地的增加幅度为13.83%,耕地虽有减少,但减少的幅度略高于生态保护情景,为1.61%,且耕地数量在《全国国土规划纲要(2016-2030)》的耕地保有量范围之内.草地的减少幅度为1.17%,水域增加幅度最高,增加了1.14%,未利用地减少了4.57%.
将2000~2020年长江经济带历史基期土地利用空间分布栅格图导入InVEST模型中分别核算碳储量.如图4所示.长江经济带陆地生态系统碳储量整体呈现出“西部高、东部低”的趋势.长江上游横断山脉、云贵高原和云南省西双版纳傣族自治州碳储量较高,主要是因为该地区土地类型以林地和草地为主,云南南部有着中国唯一的热带雨林自然保护区,地区碳储能力较强.长江中部湖北省西部、湖南省西南地区等山地丘陵地带的碳储量较高,长江下游浙江与安徽交界地带碳储量明显偏高,长江下游长江三角洲冲积平原地区碳储量明显偏低.
2000~2020年长江经济带陆地生态系统碳储量在时间分布上呈现出逐年下降的趋势,2000年、2010年、2020年的碳储量分别为28442.35,28381.08,28237.2Tg.各地类之间转移所导致的碳汇损益值也有所不同,如图5所示.从2000~2010年到2010~2020年时期,耕地向林地、草地的转移能够增加碳汇,而向其他地类转移会导致碳汇减少,其中2000~2010年、2010~2020年耕地转林地分别增加了267.26和217.30Tg.其中2000~2010年、2010~2020年林地转耕地分别减少了240.68和211.14Tg,林地向草地两期各减少了131.99和154.76Tg.草地向林地转移两期增加的碳汇为206.77和145.47Tg,水域向耕地、林地、草地转移增加碳汇但整体增加的幅度较小,由于建设用地的碳库较低,所以建设用地除转未利用地以外,向其他地类转移都可以增加碳汇,未利用地向其它地类转移可以增加碳汇.
基于土地利用演化模拟结果得出不同发展情景下2030年长江经济带土地利用空间分布栅格图,将其导入InVEST模型,得出2030年长江经济带陆地生态系统碳储量.2030年不同情景下长江经济带的碳储量有较明显区别,如图6所示.(1)生态保护情景下,由于对生态保护力度较大,对林地与耕地的保护巩固了整体碳储量,碳储量为28224.81Tg,相较于2020年下降幅度仅为0.04%.空间分布上,中上游地区碳储量高值区域有较明显增加.(2)高速发展情景破坏生态环境的程度较大,碳储量降低趋势最大,碳储量为28156.53Tg,下降幅度为0.28%,接近长江经济带历史下降的平均水平.空间分布上,下游地区碳储量低值区域增加较为明显.(3)高质量发展情景下,碳储量为28200.21Tg,下降幅度略大于生态保护情景,为0.13%,但显著优于高速发展情景.空间分布上,其上游碳储量高值区域也有较大面积的增加,同时中游、下游地区碳储量低值区域有所增加,但增加面积小于高速发展情景.可见,该情景下2021~2030长江经济带总体的生态环境将朝着有利的方向发展,在经济发展的同时也保护了生态环境.
在得出长江经济带2030年多情景总体碳储量分布图后,借助ArcGIS软件测算各地类转移引起碳储量变化,如表5图7所示.3种情景下的林地的碳储量均居于最高,耕地和草地居于其次,水域和建设用地的碳储量居于草地之后,而6类土地中未利用地的碳储量最小.生态保护情景耕地转林地碳储量增加了16.96Tg,耕地转草地增加了0.5Tg,耕地转建设用地减少了33.18Tg,同时草地转建设用地的碳储量减少了16.5Tg;高速发展情景耕地转建设用地降低了51.2Tg,同时草地转建设用地降低了23.9Tg,草地转未被利用地降低的碳储量为10.7Tg;高质量发展情景耕地转林地增加了15.53Tg,耕地转建设用地减少了46.8Tg,草地转林地增加了11.92Tg,草地转建设用地以及草地转未利用地分别减少了10.97和8.94Tg,而在3种情景中未利用地转向其他地类都能够增加碳储量.
本文借鉴美国环保协会与能源基金会ICF国际咨询公司发布的《2022年中国碳价调查报告》中预测的2030年碳价格130元/t,以二氧化碳当量的市场价值乘以3.67,得到2030年中国全国每吨元素碳市场价格为477.1元/t,根据公式(3)(4)计算不同情景下2030年碳资产、碳服务价值如表6所示.
较之2020年,生态保护情景在2030年碳资产价值下降幅度为0.04%;高速发展情景下碳资产价值下降幅度为0.29%;高质量发展情景下的碳资产价值下降幅度为0.13%,位于生态保护和高速发展情景之间.3种情景下的碳服务价值的下降趋势均有所减少.生态保护情景的碳服务价值共减少了58.8亿元;高速发展情景的碳服务价值下降最大,一共下降了383.03亿元,而与2020年相比碳服务价值上升了285.92亿元;高质量发展情景的碳服务价值介于生态保护情景与高速发展情景之间.
本文通过计算扩绿与经济增长的协同发展水平,分析长江经济带的扩绿增长协同推进情况.研究将扩绿增长分为两个子系统.其中,增长表现为经济增长,该子系统选取人均经济生产总值与固定资产投资额为二级指标;扩绿表现为陆地生态系统碳储能力,该子系统选取陆地生态系统碳储的碳资产价值与碳服务价值作为二级指标,通过采取熵值法计算权重,扩绿增长协同评估指标体系构建如表7所示.
为确保分析结果的准确性和可靠性,本文采用极差法对指标数据进行标准化处理,得出不同情景下扩绿和增长的协同发展水平.如表8所示,生态保护情景的经济增长较慢,注重生态环境保护,扩绿效果良好,但经济增长效果在3种情景中表现最差.而高速发展情景下经济发展和城镇化的速度快,但扩绿效果最差,故生态保护和高速发展情景的耦合度和耦合协调度得分表现均显著低于高质量发展情景.高质量发展情景在经济增长和扩绿两个系统中,经济增长整体较高,同时扩绿效果明显,耦合度达到0.99,耦合协调度达到了0.744.从3种情景生态扩绿与经济增长的协同发展水平看,高质量情景与其他两种情景相比,是一种既能实现经济增长同时又能实现扩绿的发展情景.故本研究将基于高质量发展情景,测算该情景下九省二市的碳储量和碳储价值量,从而评估高质量发展情景下各省市生态扩绿与经济增长的协同发展程度.
表9图8所示,高质量发展情景下2030年长江经济带各省市耦合度和耦合协调度得分有所不同.浙江省的增长效益和扩绿效益均处于较高水平,耦合度达到最高,生态扩绿与经济增长处于高度协同发展状态,这表明浙江省经济发展处于生态环境承载力范围内,基本实现了高品质生态环境支撑高质量发展的目标.江苏省尽管经济增长效益较高,但扩绿效益最低,因此处于良性耦合,低度协调水平,这反映出江苏省经济发展迅速,但城镇化和工业化进程中侵占大量生态用地和农业用地.安徽省处于高水平耦合,良好协调状态.湖南省、湖北省、江西省以及重庆市4个省市经济增长与扩绿耦合度均为良性耦合,良好协调状态.其中湖北省与重庆市耦合度与耦合协调度两个方面表现较好,分别为长江中游与长江上游经济发展的核心,经济发展水平较高,同时拥有大量生态功能区,在经济快速发展的同时森林覆盖率也显著提升.四川省是长江经济带的碳储高地,但增长效益和扩绿效益均略低于重庆市,处于勉强协调状态.上海市的经济增长效益得分最高,而扩绿效益最低,处于拮抗耦合,低度协同水平,其经济发展成果与生态效益之间的转换有待进一步加强.贵州省和云南省经济增长效益较低,但扩绿效益较高.云南省处于拮抗耦合,勉强协调状态,贵州省经济增长与扩绿的耦合度和协调度得分最低.贵州省和云南省生态价值总体较高,但经济发展水平相对较低.故应当考量如何将自身的生态优势转换为经济价值,进而促进该区域的经济发展.
(1)在城镇化发展过程中,需要合理规划建设用地,避免长三角地区及中西部核心城市建设用地无序扩张,侵占碳汇类用地.(2)建设用地增加区域(如长三角区域)应健全生态补偿机制来弥补生态用地增加区域提升的生态系统服务,以防生态用地过度开发、土地资源浪费和区域不公平加剧.(3)对城镇、农业、生态三类空间之间的用途转换,制定差别化的用途许可制度,通过长江经济带内跨区域的协同手段保障生态、农业与城镇建设的格局稳定,持续推进占补平衡.
(1)实施长江经济带生态保护工程,推进江河湖泊、森林草原和河口海湾等系统保护修复,坚持生态优先、绿色发展,筑牢生态安全屏障.(2)提高各用地类型的碳密度.如优化西南林区、长江中部地区以及长江下游浙江安徽交界处的森林经营管理策略,以提高森林扩张速度和碳储存能力;加强长江经济带对上游草地的保护,在合适区域植树造林,促进草地向碳密度更高的林地转移;改良长江中下游平原和成都平原的农田管理,采用农田集约化管理措施,以提高农田土壤有机质含量和碳固持能力;加强城市绿化,在建设用地区域增加绿地覆盖率,种植高碳密度植物,提高城市地区的碳固持能力.
(1)长江下游地区发挥上海及长江三角洲地区的引领作用,浙江省作为高度协同的代表省份,应该积极为协同发展水平不高的省市提供政策借鉴支撑,强化长三角地区辐射带动能力.(2)长江经济带中游城市群应该积极响应长江经济带区域一体化的号召,打造新增长极,优化中游的结构网络,积极引入彼此优势资源,从而突破发展瓶颈,实现中部崛起.(3)高经济水平发展省市可利用经济发展弥补自身生态效益的不足,以此进行高经济增长区与高扩绿碳汇区的互补,实现双赢.经济与生态失调省市应通过调整产业结构充分挖掘更多的可再生、可更新的资源,创造全新的发展引擎;稳步推进生态共同体和经济共同体建设.
3.1 通过长江经济带多情景土地利用需求和空间预测结果可知,在生态保护情景下,践行生态文明理念,基本维持区域生态平衡;高速发展情景体现了粗放式的经济增长模式,人地矛盾关系会进一步加剧;高质量发展情景既实现了经济发展、城镇建设,同时也能够保护生态,稳住耕地面积,保证粮食安全,在土地利用效率较高的影响下,基本实现经济发展与生态保护之间的平衡.
3.2 运用InVEST模型碳储量模块分析计算2030年不同情景下的土地利用空间变化引起的陆地生态系统碳储量与价值量可知,3种情景下的碳储量均在减少,生态保护情景碳储量降幅最小,高速发展情景碳储量降幅次之.3种情景的碳资产价值均有所减少,生态保护情景、高质量发展情景和高速发展情景的碳服务价值分别减少58.8,176.64和383.03亿元.
3.3 高质量发展情景下生态扩绿和经济增长的耦合度达到0.99,耦合协调度达到0.744,是一种既能实现经济增长又能实现扩绿的发展情景.该情景下各省市中浙江省协同发展水平高,其经济发展与生态环境发展较为协同.上海市和江苏省经济增长效益高、扩绿效益较低,云南省和贵州省经济增长效益低但扩绿效益高,中部其余省市处于良性协同水平.
  • 国家社会科学基金资助项目(19CGL042)
  • 湖北省高等学校优秀中青年科技创新团队项目(T2021032)
  • 中南财经政法大学中央高校基本科研业务费专项(202351418)
  • 中南财经政法大学中央高校基本科研业务费专项(2722024EJ024)
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  • 接收时间:2024-06-11
  • 首发时间:2026-03-18
  • 出版时间:2025-01-20
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  • 收稿日期:2024-06-11
基金
国家社会科学基金资助项目(19CGL042)
湖北省高等学校优秀中青年科技创新团队项目(T2021032)
中南财经政法大学中央高校基本科研业务费专项(202351418)
中南财经政法大学中央高校基本科研业务费专项(2722024EJ024)
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    中南财经政法大学信息工程学院,环境与健康研究中心,湖北 武汉 430073

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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