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Article(id=1241049967033381799, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1234093305789726721, issueId=1241049962679694215, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=null, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1718553600000, receivedDateStr=2024-06-17, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1773818969733, onlineDateStr=2026-03-18, pubDate=1737302400000, pubDateStr=2025-01-20, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1773818969733, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-18, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1773818969733, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773818969733, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1241049962679694215, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1234093305789726721, year='2025', volume='45', issue='1', pageStart='1', pageEnd='592', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1773818968696, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773819749443, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1241053237428671382, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1234093305789726721, issueId=1241049962679694215, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1241053237428671383, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1234093305789726721, issueId=1241049962679694215, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=50, endPage=57, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1241049968270701499, articleId=1241049967033381799, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1234093305789726721, language=EN, title=Sensitivity analysis of O3 generation in Hubei Province based on TROPOMI data, columnId=1241049967662518582, journalTitle=China Environmental Science, columnName=Ozone Pollution Control, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Based on the ground-level ozone (O3) data from provincial air quality stations and tropospheric HCHO and NO2 column concentration data from TROPOMI, the spatial and temporal distributions, variation trends and precursor sensitivity of O3 pollution in Hubei Province from 2019 to 2023 were studied by using the indicator method of O3 generation sensitivity. The results showed that the concentration of O3 columns in Hubei Province presented an overall upward trend. For the seasonal variations, the concentrations of O3 and HCHO were higher in summer and lower in winter, while NO2 was the opposite. For the spatial distributions, the concentration of O3 column increased gradually from south to north, and the concentration of NO2 and HCHO column increased in a stepwise manner from west to east. Through analyzing the spatial distributions of controlling factors for O3, we found that O3 generation in most areas of Hubei Province was controlled by NOx from June to September, and only a small area was controlled by NOx. Wuhan and its surrounding urban areas in eastern Hubei Province belong to the VOCs-control area, the western Hubei region mainly belongs to the NOx-control area, the rest of the areas mostly belong to NOx-VOCs collaborative-control area.After 2019, O3 generation in eastern Hubei Province has changed from VOCs-control area to NOx-VOCs collaborative control area.

, correspAuthors=Hai-rong CHENG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Chun-mian YANG, Yu HUANG, Hai-bin HUANG, Ze-huang HE, Hai-rong CHENG), CN=ArticleExt(id=1241049975359074491, articleId=1241049967033381799, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1234093305789726721, language=CN, title=基于TROPOMI数据的湖北省O3生成敏感性分析, columnId=1241049969449292093, journalTitle=中国环境科学, columnName=臭氧污染与控制, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

基于湖北省环境空气质量站点监测的地面臭氧(O3)数据，TROPOMI对流层HCHO和NO2柱浓度数据，运用O3生成敏感性的指示剂法，研究了2019~2023年湖北省O3污染的时空分布特征、变化趋势和前体物生成敏感性.结果表明，湖北省O3浓度总体呈上升趋势；季节上，O3和HCHO柱浓度呈夏高冬低，NO2则相反；空间上，O3柱浓度值从南向北随纬度逐渐升高，NO2和HCHO柱浓度值自西向东呈阶梯状升高.O3控制区空间分布特征分析结果表明，6~9月湖北省大部分地区O3生成受NOx控制，VOCs控制区面积占比较少；湖北省东部的武汉市及周边城区属于VOCs控制区，鄂西地区主要为NOx控制区，其余大部分地区属于协同控制区.2019年后，湖北东部地区O3生成由VOCs控制区向NOx-VOCs协同控制区转变.

, correspAuthors=成海容, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
*责任作者，教授，
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杨淳棉(1997-)，女，湖北咸宁人，博士研究生.研究方向为大气区域质量.发表论文2篇..

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杨淳棉(1997-)，女，湖北咸宁人，博士研究生.研究方向为大气区域质量.发表论文2篇..

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杨淳棉(1997-)，女，湖北咸宁人，博士研究生.研究方向为大气区域质量.发表论文2篇..

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阴影表示95%的置信区间，垂直线表示拟合曲线的最大值，垂直阴影表示曲线斜率从-3~+3(过渡区)的范围

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基于TROPOMI数据的湖北省O3生成敏感性分析
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杨淳棉 1 , 黄宇 2 , 黄海滨 1 , 何泽煌 3 , 成海容 1, *
中国环境科学 | 臭氧污染与控制 2025,45(1): 50-57
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中国环境科学 | 臭氧污染与控制 2025, 45(1): 50-57
基于TROPOMI数据的湖北省O3生成敏感性分析
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杨淳棉1 , 黄宇2, 黄海滨1, 何泽煌3, 成海容1, *
作者信息
  • 1.武汉大学资源与环境科学学院，湖北 武汉 430072
  • 2.武汉市生态环境科技中心，湖北 武汉 430023
  • 3.成都信息工程大学资源环境学院，四川 成都 610225

    • 杨淳棉(1997-)，女，湖北咸宁人，博士研究生.研究方向为大气区域质量.发表论文2篇..

通讯作者:

*责任作者，教授，
Sensitivity analysis of O3 generation in Hubei Province based on TROPOMI data
Chun-mian YANG1 , Yu HUANG2, Hai-bin HUANG1, Ze-huang HE3, Hai-rong CHENG1, *
Affiliations
  • 1.School of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
  • 2.Wuhan Ecological Environment Science and Technology Center, Wuhan 430023, China
  • 3.College of Resources and Environment, Chengdu University of Information Technology, Chengdu 610225, China
出版时间: 2025-01-20
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摘要
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基于湖北省环境空气质量站点监测的地面臭氧(O3)数据，TROPOMI对流层HCHO和NO2柱浓度数据，运用O3生成敏感性的指示剂法，研究了2019~2023年湖北省O3污染的时空分布特征、变化趋势和前体物生成敏感性.结果表明，湖北省O3浓度总体呈上升趋势；季节上，O3和HCHO柱浓度呈夏高冬低，NO2则相反；空间上，O3柱浓度值从南向北随纬度逐渐升高，NO2和HCHO柱浓度值自西向东呈阶梯状升高.O3控制区空间分布特征分析结果表明，6~9月湖北省大部分地区O3生成受NOx控制，VOCs控制区面积占比较少；湖北省东部的武汉市及周边城区属于VOCs控制区，鄂西地区主要为NOx控制区，其余大部分地区属于协同控制区.2019年后，湖北东部地区O3生成由VOCs控制区向NOx-VOCs协同控制区转变.

TROPOMI  /  O3生成敏感性  /  HCHO  /  NO2

Based on the ground-level ozone (O3) data from provincial air quality stations and tropospheric HCHO and NO2 column concentration data from TROPOMI, the spatial and temporal distributions, variation trends and precursor sensitivity of O3 pollution in Hubei Province from 2019 to 2023 were studied by using the indicator method of O3 generation sensitivity. The results showed that the concentration of O3 columns in Hubei Province presented an overall upward trend. For the seasonal variations, the concentrations of O3 and HCHO were higher in summer and lower in winter, while NO2 was the opposite. For the spatial distributions, the concentration of O3 column increased gradually from south to north, and the concentration of NO2 and HCHO column increased in a stepwise manner from west to east. Through analyzing the spatial distributions of controlling factors for O3, we found that O3 generation in most areas of Hubei Province was controlled by NOx from June to September, and only a small area was controlled by NOx. Wuhan and its surrounding urban areas in eastern Hubei Province belong to the VOCs-control area, the western Hubei region mainly belongs to the NOx-control area, the rest of the areas mostly belong to NOx-VOCs collaborative-control area.After 2019, O3 generation in eastern Hubei Province has changed from VOCs-control area to NOx-VOCs collaborative control area.

TROPOMI  /  O3 generation sensitivity  /  HCHO  /  NO2
杨淳棉, 黄宇, 黄海滨, 何泽煌, 成海容. 基于TROPOMI数据的湖北省O3生成敏感性分析. 中国环境科学, 2025 , 45 (1) : 50 -57 .
Chun-mian YANG, Yu HUANG, Hai-bin HUANG, Ze-huang HE, Hai-rong CHENG. Sensitivity analysis of O3 generation in Hubei Province based on TROPOMI data[J]. China Environmental Science, 2025 , 45 (1) : 50 -57 .
正文
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近地面臭氧（O3）是大气中主要的污染物之一，高浓度的O3影响人类身体健康、导致农作物减产和生态系统遭到损坏[1-2].自2013年我国启动大气污染防治行动计划以来，颗粒物污染问题开始得到逐渐缓解，然而O3浓度不降反升，O3污染问题愈发突出[3].
O3是氮氧化物（NOx）与挥发性有机物（VOCs）在阳光照射下发生光化学反应形成的二次污染物，其浓度与前体物浓度、光照、气温等因素密切相关[4].我国大部分城市大气O3污染呈现夏季高、冬季低的特征，且随着NOx和VOCs的减排，O3生成敏感性的时空分布特征发生显著变化[5].NOx和VOCs生成O3的化学机制较为复杂，控制单一污染物可能导致O3浓度上升，研究控制区域O3生成的敏感性，科学确定NOx和VOCs减排比例是降低O3浓度的关键[6].Sillman等[7]首次提出将P（H2O2）/P（HNO3）作为指示剂判定O3生成敏感性，众多化学指示剂中，P（H2O2）/P（HNO3）被认为最具普适性的指标[8-9]，但在区域层面P（H2O2）/P（HNO3）实际监测数据难于获取.HCHO是几乎所有VOCs氧化的中间产物.因此，它被广泛用作VOCs的指标[10].NO在NOx中占有重要地位，能够反映NOx的总体污染状况，常被用作衡量NOx污染水平的重要指标.
遥感卫星产品中HCHO和NO2应用广泛，HCHO浓度可作为VOCs的指示剂，而NO2浓度可作为NOx的指示剂，利用HCHO/NO2指示剂来判断O3控制区具有人为干扰因素小，时间、空间连续性等优点[11].
卫星遥感监测具有覆盖范围广、长时间序列和成本低等特点[12]，可以很好地反映研究区NO2、O3、HCHO的时空分布规律.Duncan[13]、单源源[14]等利用卫星OMI遥感数据分析了城市O3生成的敏感性、O3控制区变化状况，但OMI数据空间分辨率不足，仅适于研究大尺度区域.TROPOMI是目前世界上技术最先进、空间分辨率最高的大气监测光谱仪，国内外广大学者利用监测设备和机载监测设备对TROPOMI对流层柱浓度进行了验证，反演结果与地表观测接近[15-17].TROPOMI获取数据的分辨率相较于OMI提高了一个数量级，空间分辨率更高，已经能够很好地应用于单个城市区域.
目前，湖北地区大气O3污染研究仍多采用实地布点监测，主要集中在O3污染特征、形成机制的研究，缺少对全省尺度上O3与其前体物高分辨率空间变化，及O3与其前体物关系的研究.TROPOMI卫星反演数据高空间分辨率的优势能够深入分析O3、NO2和HCHO等污染物的空间差异，有助于深入分析各地区污染物的影响因素.基于此，本研究针对湖北地区日益加剧的O3污染，利用2019~2023年TROPOMI对流层O3、NO2和HCHO柱浓度数据，采用HCHO/NO2指示剂方法判别O3生成敏感性，重点分析了湖北省O3敏感性的时空变化及原因，为制定该地区O3控制策略提供科学依据.
1 数据与方法
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1.1 数据来源
本研究中2019~2023年对流层NO2和HCHO垂直柱浓度每日网格数据来源于TROPOMI卫星反演的3级产品，其空间分辨率为7km×3.5km.数据产品提取时以研究区域的经纬度、时间和数据质量为条件，数据质量满足云量少于15%，表面反照率≤0.2，研究区域内无冰/雪覆盖.为便于统计，将卫星反演数据O3柱浓度单位换算为多布森单位（DU），HCHO和NO2柱浓度单位定为1015molec/cm2.研究区域为湖北省，地理位置为108°02′42″E~116°07′50″E、29°01′53″N~33°06′47″N.将获取的每日数据做月均、年均处理，将3~5月、6~8月、9~11月、12~次年2月作为四季划分做季均处理.
湖北省目前已建立较为完善的环境空气质量自动监测网络.在本研究中，为保证研究的连续性和可比性，选取空间分布较为均匀的21个国控站点作为实测数据基础，O3污染物小时数据来源于湖北省环境空气自动监测系统（http://124.128.84.34:8900/），计算每日O3最大8h平均浓度（MDA8）用于表示O3浓度，单位为μg/m3.
1.2 研究方法
近年来随着卫星遥感技术的发展，基于卫星遥感的FNR指示剂法（HCHO/NO2Ratio），即对流层柱浓度HCHO/NO2值被用来判断O3生成敏感区的指标[18]，这种方法具有时间、空间连续性的优点，且受人为干扰因素小，并被广泛使用.
式中：c（HCHO）为HCHO柱浓度；c（NO2）为NO2柱浓度；FNR为二者比值.本研究获取了2019~2023年间湖北省网格化NO2和HCHO月均产品，为实现不同分辨率的数据匹配，将0.05°分辨率的HCHO数据重采样到0.125°，并计算逐网格FNR.
2 结果与讨论
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2.1 湖北省MDA8浓度时空变化
2.1.1 湖北省MDA8浓度的时间变化
2019~2023年间湖北省MDA8浓度总体呈上升趋势（图1），年均增长为0.168μg/（m3⋅a）.MDA8浓度最高值出现于2022年，为144μg/m3；2020年平均MDA8浓度是近五年最低，平均MDA8为90.7μg/m3.2019~2023年间湖北省MDA8浓度月均值呈显著的周期性变化，年内变化幅度较大，MDA8浓度从1月开始不断上升，每年6~9月出现最大值，之后浓度值开始下降，在11、12月~次年1月最低，有明显的季节特征.湖北省春、夏季的MDA8浓度平均值明显高于秋、冬季，秋冬季增长趋势明显，冬季的年均增长率最大，为2.29μg/（m3⋅a），春夏季相对平缓.
这种变化与他人研究结果相似[19]，O3前体物排放比例的不合理和气象条件可能是O3浓度升高的主要原因.太阳辐射、温度等自然因素对O3浓度变化影响较大，春夏季随着气温的升高和太阳辐射的增强，光化学反应活跃，有利于O3生成.2023年春季O3浓度大幅降低，可能是由于降水增多，不利于O3的生成.统计数据发现，2023年春季降水量较常年同期偏高，气温与常年同期持平，由于云量增多太阳辐射强度减弱，光化学反应降低，O3前体物生成O3的速率和强度均降低.
2.1.2 湖北省MDA8浓度的空间变化
图2展示了2019~2023年湖北省21个站点MDA8年均值的空间分布.由图可知，湖北省MDA8浓度空间差异大，MDA8浓度值呈东西向递增趋势，高值区主要集中在鄂西、鄂西北的十堰市、襄阳市北部，低值区分布在鄂西南，主要为恩施土家族苗族自治州，鄂南地区部分城市O3浓度也偏低.这与湖北省温度空间分布情况较为一致（图2b），随着温度逐渐上升，O3前体物生成O3的光化学反应速率加快，O3浓度随之增加.
2.2 对流层HCHO柱浓度时空变化
TROPOMI HCHO对流层柱浓度可以表征VOCs排放的变化，而TROPOMI NO2柱浓度可以反映NOx浓度的变化.本文利用2019~2023年TROPOMI NO2和HCHO柱浓度分析湖北省NOx与VOCs排放的时空变化特征.
由图3可见，2019~2023年间湖北省对流层HCHO柱浓度总体变化不大，年均值在9×1015mole/cm2上下浮动且波动较小，90%的对流层HCHO柱浓度在8×1015~12×1015mole/cm2之间变化，最高值出现于2022年，为13.6×1015mole/cm2.湖北省HCHO柱浓度月均值呈显著的“单峰”型波动.年内月均值最高常出现在6月，最低值出现在12月以及次年1月，与O3浓度的月变化趋势相同，在季节上表现为夏季最高，春秋季次之，冬季最低.HCHO总柱浓度在冬季主要受到交通和工业排放、生物源燃烧等的控制[20]，而夏季气温升高、日照时间拉长，HCHO浓度主要受大气光化学氧化作用增强影响.2020~2023年夏季HCHO总柱浓度呈上升趋势，这与湖北省气温变化趋势一致.HCHO的二次生成主要由甲烷和其他VOCs在OH、NO3和O3等氧化剂作用下形成[21]，植被释放的异戊二烯、单萜烯和其他VOCs的排放量主要受季节变化影响，每年春末夏初，温度快速升高，植被VOCs排放量随之增大.由于夏季高温、高辐射和日照时间长等因素，8月植被VOCs排放量达到最大[22]，当温度逐步降低后，植被VOCs排放量才会下降.由于湖北省夏季高温持续时间较长，6~8月的HCHO柱浓度变化幅度不大，9月气温较低时HCHO柱浓度明显降低.
2019~2023年间，湖北省对流层HCHO柱浓度在空间上的变化不大.图4为2022年湖北省对流层HCHO柱浓度空间分布.湖北省对流层HCHO柱浓度在空间上分布不均匀，自西向东HCHO柱浓度值呈阶梯状升高，襄阳市西南部、宜昌市西部有较为明显的陡升.全省范围内高值区主要集中在武汉市、宜昌市等较大城市中心地带，鄂西、鄂南等人口密度相对较小、人为活动相对较少的地区HCHO柱浓度偏低，这可能是中心城市地区人为活动带来的高HCHO排放有关，此外，高人为源VOCs排放贡献也会导致这些地区HCHO较高[23].
2.3 对流层NO2柱浓度时空变化
图5和图6为2019~2023年间NO2柱浓度时间和空间分布.2019~2023年间湖北省NO2柱浓度月均值呈震荡变化，2019年NO2柱浓度最高，平均柱浓度为7.2×1015mole/cm2，2022年NO2柱浓度最低，平均柱浓度为5.7×1015mole/cm2.2019年1~3月NO2柱浓度值偏高，此后NO2柱浓度月均值在4~8×1015mole/cm2范围内，处于偏低水平，变化幅度较小.年内NO2柱浓度最大时为温度较低的1月，随后逐渐降低，最低值出现在7~9月，季节变化特征与HCHO柱浓度变化特征相反，冬季最高，春秋季次之，夏季最低.人为源排放特征和气象因素对流层NO2柱浓度季节分布产生重要影响，冬季静稳天气较多，气象条件不利于污染物扩散，NO2柱浓度相对较高；夏季太阳辐射增强加速NO2的氧化过程，NO2柱浓度降低.此外，湖北地区夏季降水量大，大气环流活动比较频繁，植被生长旺盛，降水多，降水的冲刷作用使污染物NO2沉降于树木冠层、水体表面和地面[24]，因此夏季NO2浓度较低.
空间上，湖北省NO2柱浓度的分布规律与HCHO柱浓度分布相似.自西向东NO2柱浓度值逐渐升高，高值区主要集中在武汉、宜昌等城市中心城区，且沿中心城区向外呈现明显递减趋势；NO2柱浓度较低的区域为鄂西的恩施土家族苗族自治州、神农架林区以及十堰市西部地区.对流层NO2柱浓度均与人类活动有密不可分的关系，污染物排放强度越大的地区，柱浓度越高.2023年湖北省统计年鉴显示，武汉市、鄂州市、黄石市为人口密度前三的城市，襄阳市、宜昌市的人均地区生产总值也名列前茅，这些地区NO2柱浓度相对偏高.高密度的人口分布、高强度的经济和工业生产活动、高保有量的机动车使得武汉市中心地区污染物排放强度较高，进而导致对流层柱浓度显著高于其他地区.
2.4 O3生成敏感性分析
2.4.1 FNR值计算
O3及其前体物之间呈非线性关系，利用O3生成对VOCs和NOx排放变化的不同响应关系可以将O3前体物控制区域分为VOCs控制区、NOx控制区和协同控制区.FNR阈值是在美国由Duncan等[18]结合模型和OMI卫星反演数据测量得到，FNR小于1表示O3生成受VOCs控制，FNR大于2表示O3生成受NOx控制，介于1和2之间时，O3受VOCs-NOx协同控制.鉴于各地区不同的地理、气象条件、大气气溶胶条件差异较大[18]，以上研究得出的FNR阈值不能通用，须进行本地化细分.此外，研究表明TROPOMI传感器获得的对流层NO2柱浓度，不管从分布区域上还是从柱浓度数值上，均相较OMI传感器所获得的柱浓度偏高[25].以往研究根据OMI数据划分的FNR阈值并不适用于本研究中的TROPOMI数据结果.综上，本研究进行了基于湖北省TROPOMI卫星反演数据的FNR阈值计算.
本研究采用谢绍东等[26]的计算方法，将21个地面国控站点实测获取的每日O3浓度与TROPOMI HCHO/NO2关联匹配，通过将二阶及三阶多项式模型拟合，得到二者的非线性关系.拟合结果表明，三阶多项式模型比二阶模型更能拟合高相关系数的数据，因此本文使用三阶多项式模型来推导最大平均O3浓度（图7曲线的峰值）.假设曲线的峰值（斜率为0）标志着从VOCs限制到NOx限制的过渡，过渡区（协同控制区）被定义为斜率在-3~+3之间的范围.本研究最终得到的湖北省TROPOMI HCHO/NO2阈值为1.6~2.1，R2为0.86.FNR小于1.6表示O3生成受VOCs控制，FNR大于2.1表示O3生成受NOx控制，介于1.6~2.1之间时，O3受VOCs-NOx协同控制.
2.4.2 O3控制区时空分布
据前文2.1研究结果，湖北省6~9月O3浓度较高，因此，选取6~9月作为O3高浓度时段，基于2019~2023年卫星HCHO/NO2变化规律，研究湖北省O3生成的敏感性.
根据2019~2023年卫星HCHO/NO2变化规律，湖北省O3生成主要受NOx控制或NOx-VOCs协同控制（图8）.从空间分布看，湖北省东部，主要为武汉市及周边城区属于VOCs控制区.在鄂西地区，十堰NOx控制区，其余大部分地区属于协同控制区.鄂西的NOx控制区多为人为活动相对较弱的林区，生物源VOC排放量较大，削减NOx排放能够有效降低O3浓度.鄂东南分布有少量NOx控制区，零散分布在黄冈市、黄石市及咸宁市南部地区，结合湖北省降水的空间分布分析，这可能与该地区夏季降水量相对较多有关.2019年和2022年，湖北省大部分地区为NOx控制区，协同控制区和VOCs控制区面积较小，2022年武汉市及周边VOCs控制区面积占比最低.这可能与气温相关（由图3（b）可见），2019年和2022年夏季气温相对较高，高温带来的光化学反应增强使得夏季O3浓度也相应较高，高O3浓度受NOx影响较大.
湖北省VOCs控制区面积占比呈先增后减的趋势.2019年湖北省VOCs控制区面积占比约为18%，2021年后VOCs控制区的面积占比下降，2023年VOCs控制区面积比例最低，仅为4.4%.NOx控制区面积比例在30%~75%范围内波动变化，2022年约为74%，是5a内NOx控制区面积占比峰值.湖北东部的武汉市周边地区城市部分VOCs控制区向NOx-VOCs协同控制区转换，这主要与NOx排放高有关.武汉市货物运输总量大，区域内公路货运多以高污染的重型柴油车为主，排放NOx占机动车排放量65%以上[27].华北平原、长三角等区域也出现同样的现象，京津冀等中心城区属于VOCs控制区，并且在NOx排放量减少的基础上，VOCs控制区向协同控制区转换.总体而言，湖北地区O3生成敏感性随时间、空间变化明显，控制O3需要深入开展O3污染形势分析，分析不同控制区域NOx与VOCs协同减排面临的科学问题，优化减排比例，进而提高城市大气污染防治的精细化水平.
3 结论
收起
3.1 2019~2023年间湖北省MDA8浓度总体呈上升趋势，年均增长为0.168 μg/（m3⋅a），6~9月出现最大值；春、夏季的MDA8浓度平均值明显高于秋、冬季，春季最高，夏季次之；空间上，MDA8浓度值从西向东逐渐升高，高值区主要集中在鄂西、鄂西北，低值区分布在鄂西南.
3.2 2019~2023年间湖北省HCHO柱浓度年均值在9×1015mole/cm2左右，月变化趋势与MDA8浓度相同，6月最高；季节变化特征显著，夏季最高，春秋季次之，冬季最低；空间上，自西向东HCHO柱浓度值呈阶梯状升高，在鄂西的襄阳市西南部、宜昌市西部有较为明显的陡升，鄂西、鄂南等地区HCHO柱浓度偏低.
3.3 2019~2023年间湖北省NO2柱浓度月均值呈震荡变化，最高柱浓度为7.2×1015mole/cm2，年内NO2柱浓度最大时为1月，最低值出现在7~9月；NO2柱浓度季节变化特征与HCHO柱浓度变化特征相反，冬季最高，春秋季次之，夏季最低；空间上，湖北省NO2柱浓度的分布规律与HCHO柱浓度分布相似.自西向东NO2柱浓度值逐渐升高，高值区主要集中在武汉、宜昌等城市中心城区，且沿中心城区向外呈现明显递减趋势.
3.4 2019~2023年间6~9月O3生成敏感性的年际变化特征表明，湖北省VOCs控制区呈先增加后减少的趋势，全省范围内大部分地区为NOx控制区或NOx-VOCs协同控制区，NOx控制区最高时占总面积74%；空间上，湖北省东部的武汉市及周边城区属于VOCs控制区，鄂西地区分布NOx控制区，其余大部分地区属于协同控制区，2019年后，湖北东部地区，主要为武汉市周边地区城市，部分VOCs控制区向NOx-VOCs协同控制区转变.
3.5 总体而言，湖北地区O3生成敏感性随时间、空间变化明显，大部分地区削减NOx排放能够有效降低O3浓度.加强区域内以高污染的重型柴油车为代表的货运车辆管控、油品升级、提高排放标准、逐步实现电动化等将大幅助力城市大气污染治理.
基金
收起
  • 国家自然科学基金资助项目(42277093)
  • 湖北省自然科学基金(重点类)杰出青年项目(2023AFA057)
  • 校基本科研业务费专项资金资助项目(2042024kf0013)
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  • 接收时间：2024-06-17
  • 首发时间：2026-03-18
  • 出版时间：2025-01-20
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  • 收稿日期：2024-06-17
基金
国家自然科学基金资助项目(42277093)
湖北省自然科学基金(重点类)杰出青年项目(2023AFA057)
校基本科研业务费专项资金资助项目(2042024kf0013)
作者信息
    1.武汉大学资源与环境科学学院，湖北 武汉 430072
    2.武汉市生态环境科技中心，湖北 武汉 430023
    3.成都信息工程大学资源环境学院，四川 成都 610225

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