Article(id=1240689601086550978, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1234093305789726721, issueId=1240689590315569990, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=null, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1722441600000, receivedDateStr=2024-08-01, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1773733051797, onlineDateStr=2026-03-17, pubDate=1739980800000, pubDateStr=2025-02-20, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1773733051797, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-17, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1773733051797, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773733051797, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1240689590315569990, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1234093305789726721, year='2025', volume='45', issue='2', pageStart='593', pageEnd='1184', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1773733049228, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773733150042, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1240690013239825123, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1234093305789726721, issueId=1240689590315569990, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1240690013239825124, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1234093305789726721, issueId=1240689590315569990, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=1045, endPage=1051, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1240689601401123817, articleId=1240689601086550978, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1234093305789726721, language=EN, title=Eco-engineering of Fe ore tailings into soil using sludge and functional microbial system, columnId=1240689595814302661, journalTitle=China Environmental Science, columnName=Environmental Microbiology, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Addressing the drawbacks of iron-based tailings, such as high salinity and alkalinity, low nutrient content, poor water retention, and difficulty in effective utilization, this study utilize the functional microbial system to improved and restored the ecological function of iron tailings, and alfalfa was chosen as the pioneer plant to study the effect of the composite flora on the improvement and restoration of iron tailings by analysing the growth indexes of the plants. Results from pot experiments indicated that the average height of alfalfa in the treatment groups increased by 63.99% compared with the control group, with a decrease in tailings pH and a significant increase in nutrient elements such as urease enzyme activity, catalase enzyme activity and effective phosphorus. Microbial diversity analysis revealed that the abundance of nitrogen-fixing related microbial groups, such as the Nitrospirae, increased by approximately one-fold compared to the untreated groups. Therefore, the functional microbial system has the potential to regulate the acidity of iron tailings, provide nutrients to promote plant growth, increase the abundance of sterol bacteria microbial communities, enhance metabolic capabilities and nitrogen-fixing potential, and contribute to rehabilitate of iron tailings.

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针对铁尾矿高盐碱、低营养、保水性差、难以有效利用等缺点,通过菌群体系对铁尾矿的生态功能进行改良和恢复,同时选用紫花苜蓿作为先锋植物,通过分析植株的生长指标研究复合菌群对铁尾矿的改良和修复效果.盆栽实验结果表明菌剂处理组的紫苜蓿株高较对照组平均提高了63.99%,尾矿pH值在紫花苜蓿中有所下降;脲酶、过氧化氢酶及有效磷等组分含量增长明显.微生物多样性结果表明处理组中固氮相关菌群丰度如硝化螺旋菌门(Nitrospirae)较未处理组提高1倍左右.因此,复合功能菌群可有效改善铁尾矿的酸碱性和营养物质含量,促进植物生长,增加固氮微生物群落丰度,增强代谢能力和固氮潜力,有助于形成类土矿物组分.

, correspAuthors=郑春丽, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
*责任作者,教授,
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刘诺(1988-),男,安徽安庆人,讲师,博士,主要从事纳米材料协同微生物环境应用研究.发表论文20余篇. .

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刘诺(1988-),男,安徽安庆人,讲师,博士,主要从事纳米材料协同微生物环境应用研究.发表论文20余篇. .

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刘诺(1988-),男,安徽安庆人,讲师,博士,主要从事纳米材料协同微生物环境应用研究.发表论文20余篇. .

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注:不同小写字母表示差异显著(P<0.05)

, figureFileSmall=all5ZmKX1WyuVGswAgm0iw==, figureFileBig=JBgdmNvWADlDYUhsr1p12A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1240689616513200955, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1234093305789726721, articleId=1240689601086550978, language=EN, label=Fig.5, caption=Effect of chlorophyll A, chlorophyll B, soluble sugar and proline of Alfalfa under different treatment conditions, figureFileSmall=QIf6pJ7AzVcEs20LqO5+Mw==, figureFileBig=W+PikJBqe05UuPPUhOKZWQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1240689616651613009, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1234093305789726721, articleId=1240689601086550978, language=CN, label=图5, caption=不同处理条件对植物叶绿素、可溶性糖和脯氨酸含量的影响, figureFileSmall=QIf6pJ7AzVcEs20LqO5+Mw==, figureFileBig=W+PikJBqe05UuPPUhOKZWQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1240689616777442143, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1234093305789726721, articleId=1240689601086550978, language=EN, label=Fig.6, caption=Correlation of physiological and biochemical indicators in plants between different treatments, figureFileSmall=mdpsBg8VskRySuovcI2jOA==, figureFileBig=4ShsidO+TQD8YxwwtlLVag==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1240689616899076980, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1234093305789726721, articleId=1240689601086550978, language=CN, label=图6, caption=不同处理条件下植物生理生化指标的相关性

* P< 0.05, ** P< 0.01

, figureFileSmall=mdpsBg8VskRySuovcI2jOA==, figureFileBig=4ShsidO+TQD8YxwwtlLVag==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1240689617003934597, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1234093305789726721, articleId=1240689601086550978, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Design of different treatments of the Fe ore tailings

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
组别添加菌剂
CK/
JB胶质芽孢杆菌+蒙科优菌
JH胶质芽孢杆菌+圆褐固氮菌
BH蒙科优菌+圆褐固氮菌
BD蒙科优菌+巨大芽孢杆菌
JBH胶质芽孢杆菌+蒙科优菌+圆褐固氮菌
), ArticleFig(id=1240689617138152346, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1234093305789726721, articleId=1240689601086550978, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

实验组别设置

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
组别添加菌剂
CK/
JB胶质芽孢杆菌+蒙科优菌
JH胶质芽孢杆菌+圆褐固氮菌
BH蒙科优菌+圆褐固氮菌
BD蒙科优菌+巨大芽孢杆菌
JBH胶质芽孢杆菌+蒙科优菌+圆褐固氮菌
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复合功能菌群应用于铁尾矿生态改良及修复
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刘诺 1 , 王小丫 1 , 刘海龙 2 , 郑春丽 1, *
中国环境科学 | 环境微生物 2025,45(2): 1045-1051
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中国环境科学 | 环境微生物 2025, 45(2): 1045-1051
复合功能菌群应用于铁尾矿生态改良及修复
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刘诺1 , 王小丫1, 刘海龙2, 郑春丽1, *
作者信息
  • 1.上海第二工业大学资源与环境工程学院,上海 201209
  • 2.鄂尔多斯市固体废物与土壤生态环境技术中心,内蒙古 鄂尔多斯 017000
  • 刘诺(1988-),男,安徽安庆人,讲师,博士,主要从事纳米材料协同微生物环境应用研究.发表论文20余篇. .

通讯作者:

*责任作者,教授,
Eco-engineering of Fe ore tailings into soil using sludge and functional microbial system
Nuo LIU1 , Xiao-ya WANG1, Hai-long LIU2, Chun-li ZHENG1, *
Affiliations
  • 1.School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Shanghai Polytechnic University, Shanghai 201209, China
  • 2.Ordos Solid Waste and Soil Ecology and Environment Technology Center, Ordos 017000, China
出版时间: 2025-02-20
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针对铁尾矿高盐碱、低营养、保水性差、难以有效利用等缺点,通过菌群体系对铁尾矿的生态功能进行改良和恢复,同时选用紫花苜蓿作为先锋植物,通过分析植株的生长指标研究复合菌群对铁尾矿的改良和修复效果.盆栽实验结果表明菌剂处理组的紫苜蓿株高较对照组平均提高了63.99%,尾矿pH值在紫花苜蓿中有所下降;脲酶、过氧化氢酶及有效磷等组分含量增长明显.微生物多样性结果表明处理组中固氮相关菌群丰度如硝化螺旋菌门(Nitrospirae)较未处理组提高1倍左右.因此,复合功能菌群可有效改善铁尾矿的酸碱性和营养物质含量,促进植物生长,增加固氮微生物群落丰度,增强代谢能力和固氮潜力,有助于形成类土矿物组分.

复合功能菌  /  铁尾矿  /  生态恢复

Addressing the drawbacks of iron-based tailings, such as high salinity and alkalinity, low nutrient content, poor water retention, and difficulty in effective utilization, this study utilize the functional microbial system to improved and restored the ecological function of iron tailings, and alfalfa was chosen as the pioneer plant to study the effect of the composite flora on the improvement and restoration of iron tailings by analysing the growth indexes of the plants. Results from pot experiments indicated that the average height of alfalfa in the treatment groups increased by 63.99% compared with the control group, with a decrease in tailings pH and a significant increase in nutrient elements such as urease enzyme activity, catalase enzyme activity and effective phosphorus. Microbial diversity analysis revealed that the abundance of nitrogen-fixing related microbial groups, such as the Nitrospirae, increased by approximately one-fold compared to the untreated groups. Therefore, the functional microbial system has the potential to regulate the acidity of iron tailings, provide nutrients to promote plant growth, increase the abundance of sterol bacteria microbial communities, enhance metabolic capabilities and nitrogen-fixing potential, and contribute to rehabilitate of iron tailings.

functional microbial  /  Fe ore tailings  /  rehabilitation
刘诺, 王小丫, 刘海龙, 郑春丽. 复合功能菌群应用于铁尾矿生态改良及修复. 中国环境科学, 2025 , 45 (2) : 1045 -1051 .
Nuo LIU, Xiao-ya WANG, Hai-long LIU, Chun-li ZHENG. Eco-engineering of Fe ore tailings into soil using sludge and functional microbial system[J]. China Environmental Science, 2025 , 45 (2) : 1045 -1051 .
在中国经济的快速增长背景下,对钢铁材料的需求呈指数级增长.随之而来的是铁矿石开采过程中产生的大量铁尾矿.据统计,铁尾矿在我国尾矿类型中占比接近40%,而综合利用率不到20%.资源化利用率不高导致了大量的铁尾矿的堆存,处置不当不仅浪费土地资源,也会对周边的土壤、地下水造成严重的环境风险[1].因此,铁尾矿资源化利用已成为当前极具挑战性的课题.
传统多采用生物、物理、化学措施来改良尾矿的理化性质,重建铁尾矿的生态功能.如直接覆土,此方法依赖于天然土壤的提取和运输,会产生相当大的成本,因此只适宜在表土层丰富的地区实施[2-3];或选择活化的矿石尾矿作为胶结复合材料[4];或通过微生物、植物或者生命体自身的代谢活动来改善尾矿的理化性质,从而达到尾矿改良的目的.有研究[5]发现利用硫酸盐还原菌可以有效降低土壤中重金属的活性,但单一菌种对环境条件要求高,抗逆性不强,限制了其推广应用.因此研究具有抗逆性强的复合技术至关重要.相关研究利用植物-微生物联合技术对尾矿进行改良,尾矿pH值由改良前约8.06降低为6.80;尾矿持水量由7.1%提升至14.9%,促进了尾矿土壤化应用[6].其他改良处理技术,如通过污泥、稻草和家禽粪便等来促进植物生长[7-8].已有研究利用如生物炭(BC)、堆肥污水污泥和废纸污泥(纤维粘土)等材料,改良后能提高尾矿中的土壤肥力,促进土壤团粒结构的形成,增强土壤持水能力.结果表明由于处理过程中效率低、周期长等缺点而没有大规模推广应用[9].
改良理化特性是恢复铁尾矿生态功能的关键因素.利用微生物技术已被广泛报道可通过直接途径(细菌代谢过程)和/或间接途径(分泌质子、胞外聚合物)改善铁尾矿自身理化性质,也被应用于矿山废弃地生态环境修复中[10].有研究者[11]利用巴氏芽孢杆菌的矿化作用,通过调控因子加速成核,显著提高了巴氏芽孢杆菌的矿化速率,降低了铁尾矿的pH值,改良了铁尾矿高碱性、营养差的缺点,恢复尾矿的生态功能.以上技术在修复铁尾矿过程中存在受环境条件限制、修复周期长等不足,因此具有高效原位的修复技术成为研究热点.
本研究通过构建筛选的菌群,通过复配构建复合功能菌群体系,考察复合菌群对铁尾矿理化性质的影响;同时选择紫花苜蓿作为先锋植物,考察紫花苜蓿的株高、根长和根冠比等生理生化因素变化,阐释复合菌群对铁尾矿的改良效果;最后通过对铁尾矿中微生物群落丰度的变化趋势,重构铁尾矿微生态系统,恢复铁尾矿生态功能,具有无二次污染、周期短、效果明显等优势.同时为复合功能菌群应用于铁尾矿修复提供理论依据.
蛋白胨、酵母提取物购自奥星生物有限责任公司.浓盐酸、浓硝酸、乙醇、无水乙醇、氯化钠等试剂均购置于上海博雅化学试剂厂.紫花苜蓿种子购买自包头市花卉市场,供试铁尾矿取自包头市铁基尾矿废弃地.经测定pH值为8.43,有机质8.53g/kg,含水率为3.68%,铵态氮0.43mg/kg,碱解氮6.2mg/kg,有效磷1.028mg/kg,速效钾108.48mg/kg.根据课题组前期实验筛选研究结果,芽孢杆菌类具有强抗逆性,高扩繁能力等优点,实验选用胶质芽孢杆菌、巨大芽孢杆菌、蒙科优菌等3种常见的芽孢杆菌;而圆褐固氮菌作为参与氮循环的菌种,被作为氮肥使用.实验所选用菌种均来自于中国微生物菌种保藏中心(CGMCC No.27818).选择LB培养基,包含胰蛋白胨10g/L,酵母提取物5g/L,氯化钠10g/L,加入去离子水至1000mL,混合均匀.经测定初始pH值为7.3,使用前在121℃下灭菌20min.
pH值测定:首先将待测尾矿样品自然风干过2mm筛孔,利用土水比1:5混合搅拌,使用pH计进行测定;有效磷采用钼锑抗比色法测定;过氧化氢酶和脲酶活性通过使用南京建成土壤过氧化氢酶试剂盒和土壤脲酶试剂盒进行测定;微生物采用16s扩增子V3+V4可变区域进行测序,取样后送于深圳微科盟科技集团有限公司测定.可溶性糖通过苯酚法进行测定;脯氨酸使用南京建成脯氨酸试剂盒进行测定,样品经磺基水杨酸提取后,与茚三酮发生显色反应,通过吸光光度法在520nm处测定脯氨酸含量;植物株高通过采集每组新鲜植株样品,使用蒸馏水将其清洗干净,洗掉植物体上多余的泥沙,之后吸干多余水分用直尺测量植株根部拉直后到主茎叶的长度.叶绿素采用乙醇法[12]进行测定,称取新鲜植株样品0.05g,加入20mL试管中,加入95%乙醇5mL,混合均匀避光浸提48h,去上清液测定叶绿素含量.
实验组共设5个组别和一个对照组,复配方案如表1所示,各菌种按照1:1进行复配.选取若干规格一致的花盆,装200g铁尾矿,加入40mL复配菌液,搅拌,选用先锋植物为紫花苜蓿.紫花苜蓿种子(共100粒)先进行处理.首先进行消毒和杀菌(0.5%次氯酸钠,95%的酒精)各10min,然后对种子表面进行冲洗(3次),其次放入器皿中浸泡120min,将浸泡后种子平铺到带有潮湿滤纸的无菌培养皿中,置于30℃恒温培养箱中培养24h,最后挑选优质的紫花苜蓿种子10粒种在花盆内,植物每个处理组3盆,每盆间种10株,同时设置对照组(CK),按照实验设计,将植物盆栽置于实验大棚内培养90d,实验过程中花盆保证生长光照,含水率等条件,实验结束后收取植物和土壤样品,并测定植物株高、根长、叶绿素、脯氨酸含量以及土壤pH值、土壤酶活性、土壤微生物变化等指标,探究在不同菌剂的施加下对先锋植物紫花苜蓿生长状况的影响,筛选出最佳实验菌剂组;考察铁尾矿的理化性质,评价不同实验组对尾矿的改良效果.
采用Microsoft Office、IBM SPSS Statistic和Origin软件对数据处理及制图.
添加复合功能菌后,菌群代谢过程中可分泌胞外多聚物等成分,对铁尾矿自身的理化性质如pH值酶含量、有效磷等因素有影响[16].
图1所示,对照组铁尾矿pH值为8.44,经处理后pH值均有不同程度的降低,其中JBH组pH值下降到8.02,BH组pH值下降到8.0,下降趋势明显,表明了复合菌群可以调控铁尾矿高pH值现状,可能因为菌群在代谢过程中会分泌一些有机酸等胞外聚合物,对pH值有中和作用,这与Chen等[18]研究结果一致.而脲酶活性是反映土壤中氮素利用状况的重要指标,表征了土壤中的氮循环的能力,过氧化氢酶直接参与植株的代谢,与土壤肥力相关[19].因此,脲酶活性和过氧化氢酶活性高低直接反映了土壤的肥力和营养元素的循环能力.添加复合菌剂后,处理组脲酶活性和过氧化氢酶活性较对照组增长明显,其中JH组增长最高,分别从对照组的947.95,556.27µg/(g·d)增长到1287.04,645.01µg/(g·d),分别增长了35.8%和15.9%.因为JH处理组含有圆褐固氮菌,对氮素的循环有直接的促进作用.有效磷作为植株生长的重要营养元素,其含量直接影响植物的生长状况,添加菌剂后,铁尾矿中有效磷含量也明显提高,从对照组1.16mg/kg提高到平均3.6mg/kg.
添加复合菌剂后,同样会对铁尾矿微生态产生不同的影响,微生物菌群的不同演替规律也从微观揭示了铁尾矿的生态恢复潜能.植株生长的碳氮元素的循环,胞外多聚物的分泌等功能都与微生物群落的生理代谢密切相关[25-26].
图2可知,添加菌剂前后优势种群均为变形菌门(Proteobacteria),在BD、BH、JB、JBH、JH中丰度分别为40.03%、39.05%、34.43%、35.92%、31.59%,但均低于对照组的41.11%.其次为放线菌门(Actinobacteria),在处理BH组中丰度最高为22.19%,在不同实验组间变化较小.拟杆菌门(Bacteroidetes)体现了微生物多样化的代谢能力,包括乙醇发酵、细胞内外多聚物的降解以及一些特定的代谢途径.这些代谢特性有助于它们在各种生物地球化学循环中的积极参与[17].在BH、JBH组中拟杆菌门丰度分别为15.69%、15.81%,较对照组均有所提高;糖化杆菌(TM7)在JH组丰度最高(21.54%),可能由于胶质芽孢杆菌与圆褐固氮菌之间相互作用造成.硝化螺旋菌门(Nitrospirae)可对氮素循环起到促进作用.在处理组丰度均较CK组丰度均提高一倍左右,表明了添加菌剂后,增强了铁尾矿的氮循环功能[27-28].此外,酸杆菌门(Acidobacteria)被认为在修复贫营养土壤时发挥着至关重要的作用,它们有助于释放关键营养物质,在添加复合功能菌剂后酸杆菌门丰度略有增长[29-30].进一步说明了添加复合菌剂对调控铁尾矿的微生物群落起到重要作用.
此外,根据PCA分析(ANOSIM检验,P<0.05,图3(a),不同处理的微生物群落模式存在差异.PCA分析结果表明,不同处理前后的初始微生物群落存在显著差异.而添加不同复合菌剂的处理组之间的差异不太显著.为了更好地理解环境条件与微生物的相关性,图3(b)显示了冗余试验(RDA)结果.微生物群落之间的差异可以反映出不同处理方法的影响.显然,外源微生物的存在与环境指标(如脯氨酸、氮)呈正相关.结果表明,本次选取的6个环境因子可以较好的解释对细菌群落的影响.微生物对周围环境变化的适应能力很强.此外,土壤脲酶活性、有效磷等指标与pH值呈负相关.不同环境因子与变形菌门和放线菌门的相关性较小,说明这两种菌门对环境具有较强的适应性[31-32];硝化螺旋菌门(Nitrospirae)与有效磷、土壤脲酶活性呈显著正相关(P<0.001),在添加复合菌剂后,丰度增加,与前面微生物群落变化结果相符合.
植株的生长情况与植物本身的生物学特性有关,也受到外界营养条件等因素的影响[13].植物地上部分主要测定了植物的茎高与地上生物量,直接反应植物的生长状况,结果如图4所示.紫花苜蓿在实验组生长情况均比对照组要好,在JB组中,紫花苜蓿茎长最高,达到了27.14cm.比对照组茎高平均提高了63.99%.同时,植物的根系作为植物主要的营养器官,主要功能是从土壤中吸收并运输水分、无机盐以及营养物质等多种功能,植物根系的发达程度是决定植物生长的关键因素.由图4可知,处理组根系长度都高于对照组,实验BD组根系长度为14.76cm,相较对照组提高了40.83%.结果表明添加了复合菌剂的处理组先锋植物的生长具有明显的促进作用.为进一步探究不同处理组对先锋植物紫花苜蓿的生长影响,通过植物根长和地下生物量的数据,进行了植物根冠比的测定.植物的根冠比可进一步证明植株所处的环境条件.根冠比高表明植物需将向地下部分分配更多的生物量,来维持植物的正常生长[14].在对照组,根冠比超过1.8,而实验组均小于1.4,结果表明添加菌剂后,植株可以分配更多的生物量来促进茎叶等部位的生长,进一步证明了对照组营养匮乏,不利于植物生长.
高等植物体中叶绿素主要包括叶绿素a和叶绿素b,其含量是反映植物光合作用强弱的重要指标.植物的可溶性糖含量代表植物受外界条件影响的反馈状态[15].植物通过调控可溶性糖含量来应对不利环境的变化,维持自身的生长.脯氨酸作用与可溶性糖类似,植株为了适应不利环境会在体内积累脯氨酸,在外界不利条件下,植物通过调节脯氨酸的含量,来应对环境条件的变化,维持细胞膜结构稳定等功能[20].
图5可知,紫花苜蓿在不同处理后叶绿素a和叶绿素b含量增加明显,平均较对照组增加了一倍.叶绿素a从对照组2.04mg/g增长到处理后平均约4.3mg/g,叶绿素b从1.01mg/g增长到平均约1.93mg/g,结果表明添加菌剂后,紫花苜蓿光合作用能量较强.而处理组中植物可溶性糖含量较对照组(14.96 µg/g)有显著降低,其中JB组和BD组积累量最低,分别为8.8034和7.4359 µg/g,结果表明对照组中铁尾矿的高盐碱、高pH值等不利条件使得先锋植物需要在体内积累更过的可溶性糖来应对,而添加菌剂会对植物的生存环境有所改善,使植物可以更好的生长发育,添加蒙科优菌改良效果显著,使得先锋植物具有更好的适应能力.如图5所示,添加菌剂后,实验组的脯氨酸含量明显低于对照组,从对照组的71.23 µg/g降到了平均29.5 µg/g,说明施加菌剂改善了植株生长环境,从而降低紫苜蓿中脯氨酸的含量[21].结果与肖强等[22]的一致,在含盐等不利情况下,互花米草体内的可溶性糖、脯氨酸的含量随着盐度的上升而呈现上升的趋势,脯氨酸等作为调节物质,是植物应对盐胁迫的主要响应过程.
由以上分析可知,不同的复合菌剂处理组下对铁尾矿的自身理化性质如pH值、酶活性、可溶性糖、有效磷等指标及先锋植物紫花苜蓿的根长、根冠比、茎长等产生影响.为进一步阐释不同生理生化指标之间的相关性,利用SPSS软件对指标进行相关性分析.如图6所示,在植株生长中呈正相关(P<0.05)的有:脯氨酸与可溶性糖、pH值;叶绿素与茎长;根冠比与pH值.呈负相关(P<0.05)的有:可溶性糖与茎长;根冠比与叶绿素、根长;pH值与叶绿素.结果表明pH值越高,植物生理指标如根长、茎长等指标的含量就越低,越不利于植物生长,有研究表明,pH值过低或过高,通常会改变土壤中营养元素的有效性[22],不利于土壤的植株生长;而脯氨酸和可溶性糖与植株的抗性相关,当外界环境条件不利时,植株会调控自身的脯氨酸和可溶性糖含量,减少在逆境下植物细胞的失水,增加自身的成活率[23-24].这也与前面的实验结果相符合.
3.1 添加不同菌剂后,菌群分泌的胞外多聚物可有效调控铁尾矿的pH值,提高酶活性和有效磷的含量,有利于先锋植株的生长.同时,微生物通过代谢产物的作用将铁尾矿中的部分离子转化为矿物相,形成的固体矿物可作为核,吸附、胶结周边的尾矿组分,对尾矿进一步固定,有利于铁尾矿的生态改良和修复.
3.2 添加复合功能菌剂后,铁尾矿中不同微生物群落丰度发生了改变,部分可促进铁尾矿氮循环、释放营养元素的菌群如硝化螺旋菌门(Nitrospirae)何酸杆菌门(Acidobacteria)丰度增加,说明了菌剂添加有效改良了铁尾矿的肥力.从RDA分析可知不同环境因子与变形菌门和放线菌门的相关性较小,硝化螺旋菌门(Nitrospirae)与有效磷、土壤脲酶活性呈显著正相关(P<0.001)关系.
3.3 添加复合功能菌剂后,紫花苜蓿的株高、根冠比等生长指标明显改善,先锋植物紫花苜蓿株高平均增加了约50%,叶绿素含量增加了约100%,显著改善植物的生存环境,减轻铁尾矿高盐碱、营养匮乏等恶劣环境对植物的危害,有利于植株的生长发育.
  • 上海高校青年教师培养资助计划项目(ZZEGD202408)
  • 中央引导地方科技发展资金资助项目(2022ZY027)
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2025年第45卷第2期
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  • 接收时间:2024-08-01
  • 首发时间:2026-03-17
  • 出版时间:2025-02-20
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  • 收稿日期:2024-08-01
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上海高校青年教师培养资助计划项目(ZZEGD202408)
中央引导地方科技发展资金资助项目(2022ZY027)
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    1.上海第二工业大学资源与环境工程学院,上海 201209
    2.鄂尔多斯市固体废物与土壤生态环境技术中心,内蒙古 鄂尔多斯 017000

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
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genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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