Article(id=1240689594946089611, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1234093305789726721, issueId=1240689590315569990, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=null, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1720886400000, receivedDateStr=2024-07-14, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1773733050333, onlineDateStr=2026-03-17, pubDate=1739980800000, pubDateStr=2025-02-20, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1773733050333, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-17, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1773733050333, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773733050333, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1240689590315569990, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1234093305789726721, year='2025', volume='45', issue='2', pageStart='593', pageEnd='1184', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1773733049228, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773733150042, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1240690013239825123, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1234093305789726721, issueId=1240689590315569990, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1240690013239825124, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1234093305789726721, issueId=1240689590315569990, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=787, endPage=794, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1240689595218719380, articleId=1240689594946089611, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1234093305789726721, language=EN, title=Nitrogen removal performance and metabolic mechanism in a continuous-flow oxygen-limited mainstream anammox biofilm system, columnId=1234106386360103680, journalTitle=China Environmental Science, columnName=Water Pollution Control, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Achieving anaerobic ammonium oxidation (Anammox) in low ammonia nitrogen wastewater represents a significant challenge for municipal wastewater treatment plants. This study employed a mainstream Anammox continuous-flow oxygen-limited biofilm system (DO: 0.4~0.7mg/L) and investigated the nitrogen removal performance for treating simulated domestic sewage with low ammonia nitrogen content under different influent carbon-to-nitrogen (C/N) ratios (C/N: 2~5). Long-term experimental results indicated that a C/N ratio of 3.5~4.5 achieved over 85% total nitrogen (TN) removal efficiency. There was a positive correlation between activity of Anammox bacteria (SAA) and the nitrogen removal efficiency, with the highest SAA observed at a C/N ratio of 4. Additionally, the C/N ratio significantly influenced the extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) composition of the biofilm, with the highest protein-to-polysaccharide ratio (PN/PS) and most stable biofilm structure observed at C/N:4. Metagenomic analysis identified Candidatus Kuenenia stuttgartiensis and Candidatus Brocadia sinica as the dominant species, with relative abundances of 21.5% and 4.7%, respectively. A diverse microbial community, including complete ammonia oxidizers (Comammox), and heterotrophic denitrifiers, contributed to microbial community structure in the system. Nitrogen metabolic analysis further uncovered the involvement of partial denitrification genes (HZShdh) and Anammox genes (HZShdh) in nitrogen removal processes, thus ensuring stable and efficient mainstream nitrogen removal. Research findings are expected to provide a novel option of mainstream anammox-based nitrogen removal process for wastewater treatment plants.

, correspAuthors=Xin ZHOU, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Shu-ting XIE, Yan HAI, Xin ZHOU), CN=ArticleExt(id=1240689599064896266, articleId=1240689594946089611, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1234093305789726721, language=CN, title=连续流限氧主流Anammox生物膜脱氮性能及代谢机制, columnId=1234106386565624579, journalTitle=中国环境科学, columnName=水污染与控制, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

低氨氮废水如何实现厌氧氨氧化(Anammox)是城市污水处理厂面临的重大挑战,因此本研究采用连续流限氧生物膜系统(DO:0.4~0.7mg/L),通过对不同进水碳氮比(C/N:2~5)条件控制,考察模拟生活污水主流Anammox系统脱氮效能.长期实验结果发现C/N比为3.5~4.5,TN去除率达85%以上;厌氧氨氧化菌活性(SAA)与系统脱氮效率呈正相关且C/N:4时SAA最高;C/N可显著影响生物膜EPS组分含量,C/N:4时,PN/PS最高,生物膜结构最稳定;宏全基因组分析发现Candidatus Kuenenia stuttgartiensisCandidatus Brocadia sinica是核心优势菌种.而完全氨氧化菌(Comammox)及异养反硝化等多种脱氮功能菌共同组成了系统微生态群落结构,氮代谢分析进一步揭示了短程反硝化功能基因(nar/nap)和厌氧氨氧化基因(HZShdh)参与了脱氮,进而保证了系统稳定高效的主流脱氮.研究结果有望为污水处理厂提供一种主流Anammox脱氮新工艺选择.

, correspAuthors=周鑫, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
*责任作者,教授,
, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=HLKIsn6x+edemLnvJpbhfQ==, magXml=iPEW6iLRolNhR8PdXl66eg==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=M+w8bMA3T/OQK8sR3SYS/g==, pdfFileSize=1706842, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=ZJG9RPqmbw2455lwfWDUFg==, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=ASLWtN3bbrLx/NpSE2PRmw==, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=

解舒婷(1995-),女,山西运城人,副教授,博士,研究方向为城市污水生物脱氮除磷.发表论文10余篇. .

, authorsList=解舒婷, 海岩, 周鑫)}, authors=[Author(id=1240689599769539382, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1234093305789726721, articleId=1240689594946089611, orderNo=0, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=xieshuting1995@163.com, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1240689599878591299, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1234093305789726721, articleId=1240689594946089611, authorId=1240689599769539382, language=EN, stringName=Shu-ting XIE, firstName=Shu-ting, middleName=null, lastName=XIE, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1.School of Equipment Engineering, Shanxi Vocational University of Engineering Science and Technology, Jinzhong 030619, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1240689599954088782, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1234093305789726721, articleId=1240689594946089611, authorId=1240689599769539382, language=CN, stringName=解舒婷, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1.山西工程科技职业大学设备工程学院,山西 晋中 030619, bio={"content":"

解舒婷(1995-),女,山西运城人,副教授,博士,研究方向为城市污水生物脱氮除磷.发表论文10余篇. .

"}, bioImg=null, bioContent=

解舒婷(1995-),女,山西运城人,副教授,博士,研究方向为城市污水生物脱氮除磷.发表论文10余篇. .

, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1240689599358497564, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1234093305789726721, articleId=1240689594946089611, xref=1., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1240689599362691869, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1234093305789726721, articleId=1240689594946089611, companyId=1240689599358497564, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.School of Equipment Engineering, Shanxi Vocational University of Engineering Science and Technology, Jinzhong 030619, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1240689599375274782, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1234093305789726721, articleId=1240689594946089611, companyId=1240689599358497564, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.山西工程科技职业大学设备工程学院,山西 晋中 030619)])]), Author(id=1240689600067335003, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1234093305789726721, articleId=1240689594946089611, orderNo=1, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1240689600205747048, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1234093305789726721, articleId=1240689594946089611, authorId=1240689600067335003, language=EN, stringName=Yan HAI, firstName=Yan, middleName=null, lastName=HAI, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=2, address=2.Innovation Center for Postgraduate Education in Municipal Engineering of Shanxi, College of Environment and Ecology, Taiyuan University of Technology, Jinzhong 030600, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1240689600289633140, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1234093305789726721, articleId=1240689594946089611, authorId=1240689600067335003, language=CN, stringName=海岩, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=2, address=2.太原理工大学环境与生态学院,山西省市政工程研究生教育创新中心,山西 晋中 030600, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1240689599471743782, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1234093305789726721, articleId=1240689594946089611, xref=2., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1240689599480132391, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1234093305789726721, articleId=1240689594946089611, companyId=1240689599471743782, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.Innovation Center for Postgraduate Education in Municipal Engineering of Shanxi, College of Environment and Ecology, Taiyuan University of Technology, Jinzhong 030600, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1240689599492715305, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1234093305789726721, articleId=1240689594946089611, companyId=1240689599471743782, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.太原理工大学环境与生态学院,山西省市政工程研究生教育创新中心,山西 晋中 030600)])]), Author(id=1240689600390296446, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1234093305789726721, articleId=1240689594946089611, orderNo=2, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=raymans2006@163.com, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=1, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1240689600511931276, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1234093305789726721, articleId=1240689594946089611, authorId=1240689600390296446, language=EN, stringName=Xin ZHOU, firstName=Xin, middleName=null, lastName=ZHOU, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=2, *, address=2.Innovation Center for Postgraduate Education in Municipal Engineering of Shanxi, College of Environment and Ecology, Taiyuan University of Technology, Jinzhong 030600, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1240689600641954712, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1234093305789726721, articleId=1240689594946089611, authorId=1240689600390296446, language=CN, stringName=周鑫, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=2, *, address=2.太原理工大学环境与生态学院,山西省市政工程研究生教育创新中心,山西 晋中 030600, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1240689599471743782, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1234093305789726721, articleId=1240689594946089611, xref=2., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1240689599480132391, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1234093305789726721, articleId=1240689594946089611, companyId=1240689599471743782, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.Innovation Center for Postgraduate Education in Municipal Engineering of Shanxi, College of Environment and Ecology, Taiyuan University of Technology, Jinzhong 030600, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1240689599492715305, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1234093305789726721, articleId=1240689594946089611, companyId=1240689599471743782, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.太原理工大学环境与生态学院,山西省市政工程研究生教育创新中心,山西 晋中 030600)])])], keywords=[Keyword(id=1240689600788755370, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1234093305789726721, articleId=1240689594946089611, language=EN, orderNo=1, keyword=biofilm system), Keyword(id=1240689600964916153, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1234093305789726721, articleId=1240689594946089611, language=EN, orderNo=2, keyword=mainstream anammox), Keyword(id=1240689601090745283, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1234093305789726721, articleId=1240689594946089611, language=EN, orderNo=3, keyword=nitrogen removal performance), Keyword(id=1240689601195602898, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1234093305789726721, articleId=1240689594946089611, language=EN, orderNo=4, keyword=microbial community), Keyword(id=1240689601271100380, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1234093305789726721, articleId=1240689594946089611, language=EN, orderNo=5, keyword=metabolic mechanism), Keyword(id=1240689602739106802, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1234093305789726721, articleId=1240689594946089611, language=CN, orderNo=1, keyword=生物膜系统), Keyword(id=1240689602843964415, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1234093305789726721, articleId=1240689594946089611, language=CN, orderNo=2, keyword=主流厌氧氨氧化), Keyword(id=1240689602978181129, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1234093305789726721, articleId=1240689594946089611, language=CN, orderNo=3, keyword=脱氮性能), Keyword(id=1240689603091427351, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1234093305789726721, articleId=1240689594946089611, language=CN, orderNo=4, keyword=微生物群落), Keyword(id=1240689603229839397, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1234093305789726721, articleId=1240689594946089611, language=CN, orderNo=5, keyword=代谢机制)], refs=[Reference(id=1240689608116203956, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1234093305789726721, articleId=1240689594946089611, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2019, volume=692, issue=null, pageStart=393, pageEnd=401, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[1], rfOrder=0, authorNames=Zhang M, Wang S, Ji B, journalName=Science of the Total Environment, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Zhang MWang SJi B,et al. Towards mainstream deammonification of municipal wastewater: Partial nitrification-anammox versus partial denitrification-anammox [J]. Science of the Total Environment2019692:393-401., articleTitle=Towards mainstream deammonification of municipal wastewater: Partial nitrification-anammox versus partial denitrification-anammox, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1240689608237838791, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1234093305789726721, articleId=1240689594946089611, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2015, volume=87, issue=12, pageStart=2084, pageEnd=2089, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[2], rfOrder=1, authorNames=Wett B, Podmirseg S M, Gómez-Brandón, journalName=Water Environment Research, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Wett BPodmirseg S MGómez-Brandón,et al. Expanding DEMON sidestream deammonification technology towards mainstream application [J]. Water Environment Research201587(12):2084-2089., articleTitle=Expanding DEMON sidestream deammonification technology towards mainstream application, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1240689608409805272, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1234093305789726721, articleId=1240689594946089611, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2014, volume=55, issue=null, pageStart=292, pageEnd=303, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[3], rfOrder=2, authorNames=Lackner S, Gilbert E M, Vlaeminck S E, journalName=Water Research, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Lackner SGilbert E MVlaeminck S E,et al. Full-scale partial nitritation/anammox experiences-an application survey [J]. Water Research201455:292-303., articleTitle=Full-scale partial nitritation/anammox experiences-an application survey, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1240689608544023022, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1234093305789726721, articleId=1240689594946089611, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2018, volume=78, issue=3, pageStart=634, pageEnd=643, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[4], rfOrder=3, authorNames=Cao Y, Kwok B H, Loosdrecht Van, journalName=Water Science and Technology, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Cao YKwok B HLoosdrecht Van,et al. The influence of dissolved oxygen on partial nitritation/anammox performance and microbial community of the 200,000m3/d activated sludge process at the Changi water reclamation plant (2011 to 2016) [J]. Water Science and Technology201878(3):634-643., articleTitle=The influence of dissolved oxygen on partial nitritation/anammox performance and microbial community of the 200,000m3/d activated sludge process at the Changi water reclamation plant (2011 to 2016), refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1240689612524417534, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1234093305789726721, articleId=1240689594946089611, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=764, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[5], rfOrder=4, authorNames=Wang Z B, Liu X L, Bu C N, journalName=Science of the Total Environment, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Wang Z BLiu X LBu C N,et al. Microbial diversity reveals the partial denitrification-anammox process serves as a new pathway in the first mainstream anammox plant [J]. Science of the Total Environment2021764,142917., articleTitle=Microbial diversity reveals the partial denitrification-anammox process serves as a new pathway in the first mainstream anammox plant, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1240689612683801105, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1234093305789726721, articleId=1240689594946089611, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=16, issue=null, pageStart=1, pageEnd=7, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[6], rfOrder=5, authorNames=Hou F, Zhang T, Peng Y, journalName=Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Hou FZhang TPeng Y,et al. Partial anammox achieved in full scale biofilm process for typical domestic wastewater treatment [J]. Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering202216:1-7., articleTitle=Partial anammox achieved in full scale biofilm process for typical domestic wastewater treatment, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1240689612864156197, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1234093305789726721, articleId=1240689594946089611, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2010, volume=101, issue=6, pageStart=1792, pageEnd=1799, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[7], rfOrder=6, authorNames=Ni S, Lee P, Fessehaie A, journalName=Bioresource technology, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Ni SLee PFessehaie A,et al. Enrichment and biofilm formation of Anammox bacteria in a non-woven membrane reactor [J]. Bioresource technology2010101(6):1792-1799., articleTitle=Enrichment and biofilm formation of Anammox bacteria in a non-woven membrane reactor, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1240689613019345466, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1234093305789726721, articleId=1240689594946089611, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2019, volume=39, issue=7, pageStart=2781, pageEnd=2788, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[8], rfOrder=7, authorNames=谢弘超, 王晓东, 王伟刚, journalName=中国环境科学, refType=null, unstructuredReference=谢弘超,王晓东,王伟刚,等. 曝气策略调控CANON工艺降温降基质稳定运行[J]. 中国环境科学201939(7):2781-2788., articleTitle=曝气策略调控CANON工艺降温降基质稳定运行, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1240689613187117644, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1234093305789726721, articleId=1240689594946089611, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2019, volume=39, issue=7, pageStart=2781, pageEnd=2788, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[8], rfOrder=8, authorNames=Xie H, Wang X, Wang W, journalName=China Environmental Science, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Xie HWang XWang W,et al. Stable operation of CANON system during temperature and substrate decreasing process via aerobic regime adjustment [J]. China Environmental Science201939(7):2781-2788., articleTitle=Stable operation of CANON system during temperature and substrate decreasing process via aerobic regime adjustment, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1240689613354889821, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1234093305789726721, articleId=1240689594946089611, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=369, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[9], rfOrder=9, authorNames=Zhu Z, Zhang L, Li X, journalName=Bioresource Technology, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Zhu ZZhang LLi X,et al. Robust nitrogen removal from municipal wastewater by partial nitrification anammox at ultra-low dissolved oxygen in a pure biofilm system [J]. Bioresource Technology2023369,128453., articleTitle=Robust nitrogen removal from municipal wastewater by partial nitrification anammox at ultra-low dissolved oxygen in a pure biofilm system, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1240689613501690475, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1234093305789726721, articleId=1240689594946089611, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[10], rfOrder=10, authorNames=解舒婷, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=解舒婷. 限氧同步硝化反硝化除磷(SNDPR)系统处理低碳氮比污水研究[D]. 西安:长安大学,2022., articleTitle=限氧同步硝化反硝化除磷(SNDPR)系统处理低碳氮比污水研究, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1240689613669462659, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1234093305789726721, articleId=1240689594946089611, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[10], rfOrder=11, authorNames=XIE S, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=XIE S. Study on treatment of low carbon/nitrogen ratio wastewater by limited oxygen simultaneous nitrification and denitrification phosphorus removal (SNDPR) system [D]. Xi’an: Chang’an University,2022., articleTitle=Study on treatment of low carbon/nitrogen ratio wastewater by limited oxygen simultaneous nitrification and denitrification phosphorus removal (SNDPR) system, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1240689613799486090, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1234093305789726721, articleId=1240689594946089611, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2015, volume=99, issue=null, pageStart=2485, pageEnd=2490, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[11], rfOrder=12, authorNames=Xu G, Zhou Y, Yang Q, journalName=Applied microbiology and biotechnology, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Xu GZhou YYang Q,et al. The challenges of mainstream deammonification process for municipal used water treatment [J]. Applied microbiology and biotechnology201599:2485-2490., articleTitle=The challenges of mainstream deammonification process for municipal used water treatment, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1240689613975646879, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1234093305789726721, articleId=1240689594946089611, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=9, issue=4, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[12], rfOrder=13, authorNames=Trinh H, Lee S, Jeong G, journalName=Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Trinh HLee SJeong G,et al. Recent developments of the mainstream anammox processes: challenges and opportunities [J]. Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering20219(4):105583., articleTitle=Recent developments of the mainstream anammox processes: challenges and opportunities, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1240689614139224755, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1234093305789726721, articleId=1240689594946089611, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2019, volume=79, issue=2, pageStart=334, pageEnd=341, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[13], rfOrder=14, authorNames=Cao Y, Tang J, Henze M, journalName=Water Science and Technology, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Cao YTang JHenze M,et al. The leakage of sewer systems and the impact on the‘black and odorous water bodies’and WWTPs in China[J]. Water Science and Technology201979(2):334-341., articleTitle=The leakage of sewer systems and the impact on the‘black and odorous water bodies’and WWTPs in China, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1240689614244082360, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1234093305789726721, articleId=1240689594946089611, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=305, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[14], rfOrder=15, authorNames=Li X, Wang G, Chen J, journalName=Chemosphere, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Li XWang GChen J,et al. Deciphering the concurrence of comammox,partial denitrification and anammox in a single low-oxygen mainstream nitrogen removal reactor [J]. Chemosphere2022305:135409., articleTitle=Deciphering the concurrence of comammox,partial denitrification and anammox in a single low-oxygen mainstream nitrogen removal reactor, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1240689614365717198, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1234093305789726721, articleId=1240689594946089611, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2016, volume=220, issue=null, pageStart=8, pageEnd=16, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[15], rfOrder=16, authorNames=Miao L, Wang S, Cao T, journalName=Bioresource Technology, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Miao LWang SCao T,et al. Advanced nitrogen removal from landfill leachate via Anammox system based on Sequencing Biofilm Batch Reactor (SBBR): Effective protection of biofilm [J]. Bioresource Technology2016220:8-16., articleTitle=Advanced nitrogen removal from landfill leachate via Anammox system based on Sequencing Biofilm Batch Reactor (SBBR): Effective protection of biofilm, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1240689614508323557, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1234093305789726721, articleId=1240689594946089611, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2018, volume=634, issue=null, pageStart=195, pageEnd=204, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[16], rfOrder=17, authorNames=Xu Z, Dai X, Chai X, journalName=Science of the Total Environment, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Xu ZDai XChai X. Effect of different carbon sources on denitrification performance,microbial community structure and denitrification genes [J]. Science of the Total Environment2018634:195-204., articleTitle=Effect of different carbon sources on denitrification performance,microbial community structure and denitrification genes, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1240689614621569781, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1234093305789726721, articleId=1240689594946089611, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2009, volume=44, issue=2/3, pageStart=65, pageEnd=84, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[17], rfOrder=18, authorNames=Jetten M, Niftrik V, Strous M, journalName=Critical reviews in biochemistry and molecular biology, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Jetten MNiftrik VStrous M,et al. Biochemistry and molecular biology of anammox bacteria [J]. Critical reviews in biochemistry and molecular biology200944(2/3):65-84., articleTitle=Biochemistry and molecular biology of anammox bacteria, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1240689616165073679, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1234093305789726721, articleId=1240689594946089611, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2019, volume=131, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[18], rfOrder=19, authorNames=Du R, Peng Y, Ji J, journalName=Environment International, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Du RPeng YJi J,et al. Partial denitrification providing nitrite: Opportunities of extending application for anammox [J]. Environment International2019131,105001., articleTitle=Partial denitrification providing nitrite: Opportunities of extending application for anammox, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1240689616328651556, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1234093305789726721, articleId=1240689594946089611, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=370, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[19], rfOrder=20, authorNames=Peng Z, Zhang Q, Li X, journalName=Bioresource Technology, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Peng ZZhang QLi X,et al. Exploring and comparing the impacts of low temperature to endogenous and exogenous partial denitrification: the nitrite supply,transcription mechanism,and microbial dynamics[J]. Bioresource Technology2023370,128568., articleTitle=Exploring and comparing the impacts of low temperature to endogenous and exogenous partial denitrification: the nitrite supply,transcription mechanism,and microbial dynamics, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1240689616458674993, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1234093305789726721, articleId=1240689594946089611, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2016, volume=6, issue=1, pageStart=25054, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[20], rfOrder=21, authorNames=Wan J, Gu J, Zhao Q, journalName=Scientific reports, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Wan JGu JZhao Q,et al. COD capture: a feasible option towards energy self-sufficient domestic wastewater treatment [J]. Scientific reports20166(1),25054., articleTitle=COD capture: a feasible option towards energy self-sufficient domestic wastewater treatment, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1240689616680973142, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1234093305789726721, articleId=1240689594946089611, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=384, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[21], rfOrder=22, authorNames=Zhang Y, Deng J, Xiao X, journalName=Bioresource Technology, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Zhang YDeng JXiao X,et al. Insights on pretreatment technologies for partial nitrification/anammox processes: A critical review and future perspectives [J]. Bioresource Technology2023384,129351., articleTitle=Insights on pretreatment technologies for partial nitrification/anammox processes: A critical review and future perspectives, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1240689616844551018, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1234093305789726721, articleId=1240689594946089611, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=320, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[22], rfOrder=23, authorNames=Chen J, Hai Y, Zhang W, journalName=Journal of Environmental Management, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Chen JHai YZhang W,et al. Insights into deterioration and reactivation of a mainstream anammox biofilm reactor response to C/N ratio [J]. Journal of Environmental Management2022320,115780., articleTitle=Insights into deterioration and reactivation of a mainstream anammox biofilm reactor response to C/N ratio, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1240689616961991551, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1234093305789726721, articleId=1240689594946089611, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2018, volume=249, issue=null, pageStart=108, pageEnd=116, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[23], rfOrder=24, authorNames=Miao L, Zhang Q, Wang S, journalName=Bioresource Technology, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Miao LZhang QWang S,et al. Characterization of EPS compositions and microbial community in an Anammox SBBR system treating landfill leachate [J]. Bioresource Technology2018249,108-116., articleTitle=Characterization of EPS compositions and microbial community in an Anammox SBBR system treating landfill leachate, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1240689617058460556, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1234093305789726721, articleId=1240689594946089611, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2011, volume=9, issue=6, pageStart=403, pageEnd=413, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[24], rfOrder=25, authorNames=Fuerst J, Sagulenko E, journalName=Nature Reviews Microbiology, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Fuerst JSagulenko E. Beyond the bacterium: Planctomycetes challenge our concepts of microbial structure and function [J]. Nature Reviews Microbiology20119(6):403-413., articleTitle=Beyond the bacterium: Planctomycetes challenge our concepts of microbial structure and function, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1240689617213649826, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1234093305789726721, articleId=1240689594946089611, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2015, volume=528, issue=7583, pageStart=504, pageEnd=509, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[25], rfOrder=26, authorNames=Daims H, Lebedeva E, Pjevac P, journalName=Nature, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Daims HLebedeva EPjevac P,et al. Complete nitrification by Nitrospira bacteria [J]. Nature2015528(7583):504-509., articleTitle=Complete nitrification by Nitrospira bacteria, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1240689617352061873, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1234093305789726721, articleId=1240689594946089611, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=3, issue=2, pageStart=510, pageEnd=519, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[26], rfOrder=27, authorNames=Wang J, Yan X, Zhuang J, journalName=ACS ES&T Water, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Wang JYan XZhuang J,et al. Meta-Omics analysis of a formate sidestream-mediated partial nitritation-coupled anammox process [J]. ACS ES&T Water20233(2):510-519., articleTitle=Meta-Omics analysis of a formate sidestream-mediated partial nitritation-coupled anammox process, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1240689617486279621, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1234093305789726721, articleId=1240689594946089611, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=829, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[27], rfOrder=28, authorNames=Zhu G, Wang X, Wang S, journalName=Science of the Total Environment, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Zhu GWang XWang S,et al. Towards a more labor-saving way in microbial ammonium oxidation: a review on complete ammonia oxidization (comammox) [J]. Science of the Total Environment2022829,154590., articleTitle=Towards a more labor-saving way in microbial ammonium oxidation: a review on complete ammonia oxidization (comammox), refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1240689617633080269, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1234093305789726721, articleId=1240689594946089611, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=16, issue=9, pageStart=2087, pageEnd=2098, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[28], rfOrder=29, authorNames=Kim D, Han H, Yun T, Song, journalName=The ISME Journal, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Kim DHan HYun TSong,et al. Identification of nosZ-expressing microorganisms consuming trace N2O in microaerobic chemostat consortia dominated by an uncultured Burkholderiales [J]. The ISME Journal202216(9):2087-2098., articleTitle=Identification of nosZ-expressing microorganisms consuming trace N2O in microaerobic chemostat consortia dominated by an uncultured Burkholderiales, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1240689617792463833, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1234093305789726721, articleId=1240689594946089611, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=311, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[29], rfOrder=30, authorNames=Sun H, Shi W, Cai C, journalName=Bioresource Technology, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Sun HShi WCai C,et al. Responses of microbial structures,functions,metabolic pathways and community interactions to different C/N ratios in aerobic nitrification [J]. Bioresource Technology2020311,123422., articleTitle=Responses of microbial structures,functions,metabolic pathways and community interactions to different C/N ratios in aerobic nitrification, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1240689617901515751, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1234093305789726721, articleId=1240689594946089611, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2018, volume=270, issue=null, pageStart=580, pageEnd=587, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[30], rfOrder=31, authorNames=Wang M, Huang G, Zhao Z, journalName=Bioresource Technology, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Wang MHuang GZhao Z,et al. Newly designed primer pair revealed dominant and diverse comammox amoA gene in full-scale wastewater treatment plants [J]. Bioresource Technology2018270:580-587., articleTitle=Newly designed primer pair revealed dominant and diverse comammox amoA gene in full-scale wastewater treatment plants, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1240689617989596142, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1234093305789726721, articleId=1240689594946089611, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2016, volume=50, issue=13, pageStart=6940, pageEnd=6947, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[31], rfOrder=32, authorNames=Wang Y, Ma X, Zhou S, journalName=Environmental Science & Technology, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Wang YMa XZhou S,et al. Expression of the nirS,hzsA,and hdh genes in response to nitrite shock and recovery in Candidatus Kuenenia stuttgartiensis [J]. Environmental Science & Technology201650(13):6940-6947., articleTitle=Expression of the nirS,hzsA,and hdh genes in response to nitrite shock and recovery in Candidatus Kuenenia stuttgartiensis, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1240689618090259450, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1234093305789726721, articleId=1240689594946089611, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=305, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[32], rfOrder=33, authorNames=Li, X, Wang, G, Chen, J, journalName=Chemosphere, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Li, XWang, GChen, J,et al. Deciphering the concurrence of comammox,partial denitrification and anammox in a single low-oxygen mainstream nitrogen removal reactor [J]. Chemosphere2022305,135409., articleTitle=Deciphering the concurrence of comammox,partial denitrification and anammox in a single low-oxygen mainstream nitrogen removal reactor, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1240689607403172193, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1234093305789726721, articleId=1240689594946089611, awardId=21607111, language=CN, fundingSource=国家自然科学基金资助项目(21607111), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1240689607491252591, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1234093305789726721, articleId=1240689594946089611, awardId=202401011, language=CN, fundingSource=山西省专利转化计划资助项目(202401011), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1240689607700967815, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1234093305789726721, articleId=1240689594946089611, awardId=202303021212309, language=CN, fundingSource=山西省基础研究计划项目(202303021212309), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1240689607843574170, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1234093305789726721, articleId=1240689594946089611, awardId=JLJUSLKF042024007, language=CN, fundingSource=松辽流域水环境教育部重点实验室开放课题(JLJUSLKF042024007), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1240689599358497564, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1234093305789726721, articleId=1240689594946089611, xref=1., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1240689599362691869, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1234093305789726721, articleId=1240689594946089611, companyId=1240689599358497564, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.School of Equipment Engineering, Shanxi Vocational University of Engineering Science and Technology, Jinzhong 030619, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1240689599375274782, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1234093305789726721, articleId=1240689594946089611, companyId=1240689599358497564, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.山西工程科技职业大学设备工程学院,山西 晋中 030619)]), AuthorCompany(id=1240689599471743782, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1234093305789726721, articleId=1240689594946089611, xref=2., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1240689599480132391, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1234093305789726721, articleId=1240689594946089611, companyId=1240689599471743782, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.Innovation Center for Postgraduate Education in Municipal Engineering of Shanxi, College of Environment and Ecology, Taiyuan University of Technology, Jinzhong 030600, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1240689599492715305, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1234093305789726721, articleId=1240689594946089611, companyId=1240689599471743782, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.太原理工大学环境与生态学院,山西省市政工程研究生教育创新中心,山西 晋中 030600)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1240689603489886271, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1234093305789726721, articleId=1240689594946089611, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=Reactor system, figureFileSmall=Zk0Vd6c1MuS8dOCqkl/Eqg==, figureFileBig=ZJG9RPqmbw2455lwfWDUFg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1240689603846402134, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1234093305789726721, articleId=1240689594946089611, language=CN, label=图1, caption=实验装置, figureFileSmall=Zk0Vd6c1MuS8dOCqkl/Eqg==, figureFileBig=ZJG9RPqmbw2455lwfWDUFg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1240689604169363571, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1234093305789726721, articleId=1240689594946089611, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=Reactor operation performance, figureFileSmall=nlypwNQ++OQdObVmKdqSyQ==, figureFileBig=usP16GQYV6Tw+CGWhRPVyA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1240689604299387014, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1234093305789726721, articleId=1240689594946089611, language=CN, label=图2, caption=反应器运行效果, figureFileSmall=nlypwNQ++OQdObVmKdqSyQ==, figureFileBig=usP16GQYV6Tw+CGWhRPVyA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1240689604458770583, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1234093305789726721, articleId=1240689594946089611, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=Functional microbial activity, figureFileSmall=Pr8SbVI2M8Q8t6u6oMVnUw==, figureFileBig=D4HRFt14OcEI+nSKSwr1/A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1240689604597182632, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1234093305789726721, articleId=1240689594946089611, language=CN, label=图3, caption=功能微生物活性, figureFileSmall=Pr8SbVI2M8Q8t6u6oMVnUw==, figureFileBig=D4HRFt14OcEI+nSKSwr1/A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1240689604739788987, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1234093305789726721, articleId=1240689594946089611, language=EN, label=Fig.4, caption=Components and content of EPS, figureFileSmall=Nez1P2l+7LRmB3iDLA3NXg==, figureFileBig=pIuXYdls6kv141Sj1dzfFw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1240689604857229513, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1234093305789726721, articleId=1240689594946089611, language=CN, label=图4, caption=EPS组分及含量, figureFileSmall=Nez1P2l+7LRmB3iDLA3NXg==, figureFileBig=pIuXYdls6kv141Sj1dzfFw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1240689604957892821, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1234093305789726721, articleId=1240689594946089611, language=EN, label=Fig.5, caption=Microbial community composition, figureFileSmall=AGQVHXL/XTYVcgSyMm1FnQ==, figureFileBig=rZoXJpZ/IIxnimwtxIIAcg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1240689605071139042, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1234093305789726721, articleId=1240689594946089611, language=CN, label=图5, caption=微生物群落组成, figureFileSmall=AGQVHXL/XTYVcgSyMm1FnQ==, figureFileBig=rZoXJpZ/IIxnimwtxIIAcg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1240689605217939699, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1234093305789726721, articleId=1240689594946089611, language=EN, label=Fig.6, caption=Nitrogen removal mechanism, figureFileSmall=XpJc7SspB1P2HAK2IXk0sQ==, figureFileBig=LUvy+rtw1Hyqsy1n+WOlhw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1240689605314408705, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1234093305789726721, articleId=1240689594946089611, language=CN, label=图6, caption=氮去除机理, figureFileSmall=XpJc7SspB1P2HAK2IXk0sQ==, figureFileBig=LUvy+rtw1Hyqsy1n+WOlhw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1240689605419266319, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1234093305789726721, articleId=1240689594946089611, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Operating conditions

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
阶段NH4+-N(mg/L)COD(mg/L)平均C/N天数(d)
50200±1041-18
50175±83.519-49
50150±6350-85
50100±5286-115
50200±104116-133
50225±104.5134-158
50250±125159-180
), ArticleFig(id=1240689605570261286, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1234093305789726721, articleId=1240689594946089611, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

运行条件

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
阶段NH4+-N(mg/L)COD(mg/L)平均C/N天数(d)
50200±1041-18
50175±83.519-49
50150±6350-85
50100±5286-115
50200±104116-133
50225±104.5134-158
50250±125159-180
), ArticleFig(id=1240689605712867639, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1234093305789726721, articleId=1240689594946089611, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Operation performance

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
指标C/N
43.53244.55
NH4+-N(mg/L)1.58±1.292.40±1.242.21±0.375.31±0.913.39±1.193.62±0.995.48±1.38
NO2--N(mg/L)0.12±0.010.12±0.010.12±0.010.12±0.010.12±0.010.11±0.010.11±0.01
NO3--N(mg/L)3.57±0.954.57±1.325.85±0.766.7±0.823.91±1.352.83±0.372.45±0.95
ARE (%)96.8±2.695.2±2.595.6±0.789.4±1.893.3±2.3492.78±2.089.1±2.7
TNRE (%)89.5±0.885.9±2.2383.7±1.975.89±2.985.2±4.686.9±1.984.0±1.3
), ArticleFig(id=1240689605817725254, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1234093305789726721, articleId=1240689594946089611, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

运行效果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
指标C/N
43.53244.55
NH4+-N(mg/L)1.58±1.292.40±1.242.21±0.375.31±0.913.39±1.193.62±0.995.48±1.38
NO2--N(mg/L)0.12±0.010.12±0.010.12±0.010.12±0.010.12±0.010.11±0.010.11±0.01
NO3--N(mg/L)3.57±0.954.57±1.325.85±0.766.7±0.823.91±1.352.83±0.372.45±0.95
ARE (%)96.8±2.695.2±2.595.6±0.789.4±1.893.3±2.3492.78±2.089.1±2.7
TNRE (%)89.5±0.885.9±2.2383.7±1.975.89±2.985.2±4.686.9±1.984.0±1.3
)], attaches=null, journal=Journal(id=1234092555462295552, delFlag=0, nameCn=中国环境科学, nameEn=China Environmental Science, nameHistory1=null, nameHistory2=null, issn=1000-6923, eissn=null, cn=11-2201/X, coden=ZHKEEI, periodic=0, language=CN, oaType=null, ccby=null, superviseOffice=null, ownerOffice=null, pubOffice=null, editorOffice=null, officeType=null, aims=null, clcCode=null, officeProv=null, officeCity=null, officeAddr=null, officeZip=null, officeEmail=null, officePhone=null, editDirector=null, officeDirector=null, officeDirectorPhone=null, officeStaffNum=null, officeEmpNum=null, coverPicUrl=fUkXgpzwRiw9vs+0dX4h8g==, journalPrice=null, startedYear=null, abbrevIsoEn=China Environmental Science, journalRemark=null, publicationField=null, createdTime=1772160193557, updatedTime=1772160729300, createdBy=18614031015, updatedBy=13701087609, firstLetterCn=C, firstLetterEn=C, subjectCode=Engineering, subjectName=null, subjectCodeEn=Engineering, subjectNameEn=null, picCn=fUkXgpzwRiw9vs+0dX4h8g==, picEn=w8+EIm00c59F/qhCr1EFJw==, jcr=null, cjcr=null, exts=[JournalExt(id=1234094802610999917, language=CN, name=中国环境科学, nameHistory1=null, nameHistory2=null, managedBy=, sponsoredBy=, publishedBy=, editorOffice=, officeProv=null, officeCity=null, officeAddr=, officeZip=, editDirector=, officeDirector=null, officePhone=null, coverPicUrl=null, journalRemark=, submitArticleUrl=null, websiteUrl=, createdTime=1772160729315, updatedTime=1772160729315, createdBy=13701087609, updatedBy=13701087609, submissionGuidelinesUrl=, submissionAuthorUrl=https://zghjkxauthor.manuscriptcloud.com/, submissionEditorUrl=https://zghjkxeditor.manuscriptcloud.com/, submissionReviewUrl=https://zghjkxauthor.manuscriptcloud.com/, submissionCeEditorUrl=, submissionAeEditorUrl=, option={"copyright":""}), JournalExt(id=1234094802665525870, language=EN, name=China Environmental Science, nameHistory1=null, nameHistory2=null, managedBy=, sponsoredBy=, publishedBy=, editorOffice=, officeProv=null, officeCity=null, officeAddr=, officeZip=, editDirector=, officeDirector=null, officePhone=null, coverPicUrl=null, journalRemark=, submitArticleUrl=null, websiteUrl=, createdTime=1772160729328, updatedTime=1772160729328, createdBy=13701087609, updatedBy=13701087609, submissionGuidelinesUrl=, submissionAuthorUrl=https://zghjkxauthor.manuscriptcloud.com/, submissionEditorUrl=https://zghjkxeditor.manuscriptcloud.com/, submissionReviewUrl=https://zghjkxauthor.manuscriptcloud.com/, submissionCeEditorUrl=, submissionAeEditorUrl=, option={"copyright":""})], databaseList=null, tenantJournalId=1234093305789726721, websiteList=[Website(id=1234095050196578613, webName=null, webTitle=null, webDomain=null, webCopyrigh=null, webIpcNo=null, seoTitle=null, seoKeywords=null, seoDescription=null, tenantJournalId=null, journalId=1234093305789726721, journalNameCn=null, journalNameEn=null, grayFlag=null, tenantId=1146029695717560320, platformId=null, journalGroupId=null, journalGroupNameCn=null, journalGroupNameEn=null, type=1, domain=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/zghjkx/CN, language=CN, createTime=1772160788344, createBy=18614031015, updateTime=1772160813480, updateBy=18614031015, name=中国环境科学-中文, tplId=1146099689490845704, title=中国环境科学, delFlag=0, indexPage=/home, props=[WebsiteProps(id=1234097146769756836, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1234095050196578613, code=articleTextType, value=kx, createTime=1772161288206, updateTime=1772161288206, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1234097146748785313, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1234095050196578613, code=banner, value=null, createTime=1772161288201, updateTime=1772161288201, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1234097146786534055, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1234095050196578613, code=grayFlag, value=0, createTime=1772161288210, updateTime=1772161288210, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1234097146740396704, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1234095050196578613, code=logo, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/zghjkx/CN/file/pic?fileId=MkE5LKk3Qw7XuYcjPisdew==, createTime=1772161288199, updateTime=1772161288199, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1234097146799116969, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1234095050196578613, code=minRunFlag, value=0, createTime=1772161288213, updateTime=1772161288213, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1234097146761368227, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1234095050196578613, code=picServerUrl, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/zghjkx/CN/file/pic, createTime=1772161288204, updateTime=1772161288204, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1234097146794922664, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1234095050196578613, code=silenceFlag, value=0, createTime=1772161288212, updateTime=1772161288212, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1234097146757173922, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1234095050196578613, code=staticResourcePath, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/cast_kjdb_cn_619/, createTime=1772161288203, updateTime=1772161288203, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1234097146773951141, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1234095050196578613, code=themeColor, value=null, createTime=1772161288207, updateTime=1772161288207, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1234097146782339750, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1234095050196578613, code=themeStyle, value=null, createTime=1772161288209, updateTime=1772161288209, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015)]), Website(id=1234095050309824825, webName=null, webTitle=null, webDomain=null, webCopyrigh=null, webIpcNo=null, seoTitle=null, seoKeywords=null, seoDescription=null, tenantJournalId=null, journalId=1234093305789726721, journalNameCn=null, journalNameEn=null, grayFlag=null, tenantId=1146029695717560320, platformId=null, journalGroupId=null, journalGroupNameCn=null, journalGroupNameEn=null, type=1, domain=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/zghjkx/EN, language=EN, createTime=1772160788371, createBy=18614031015, updateTime=1772160830384, updateBy=18614031015, name=中国环境科学-英文, tplId=1146101810881728533, title=China Environmental Science, delFlag=0, indexPage=/home, props=[WebsiteProps(id=1234097176519955118, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1234095050309824825, code=articleTextType, value=kx, createTime=1772161295299, updateTime=1772161295299, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1234097176494789291, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1234095050309824825, code=banner, value=null, createTime=1772161295293, updateTime=1772161295293, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1234097176536732337, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1234095050309824825, code=grayFlag, value=0, createTime=1772161295303, updateTime=1772161295303, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1234097176486400682, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1234095050309824825, code=logo, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/zghjkx/EN/file/pic?fileId=MkE5LKk3Qw7XuYcjPisdew==, createTime=1772161295291, updateTime=1772161295291, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1234097176545120947, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1234095050309824825, code=minRunFlag, value=0, createTime=1772161295305, updateTime=1772161295305, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1234097176511566509, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1234095050309824825, code=picServerUrl, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/zghjkx/EN/file/pic, createTime=1772161295297, updateTime=1772161295297, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1234097176540926642, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1234095050309824825, code=silenceFlag, value=0, createTime=1772161295304, updateTime=1772161295304, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1234097176503177900, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1234095050309824825, code=staticResourcePath, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/cast_kjdb_en_623/, createTime=1772161295295, updateTime=1772161295295, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1234097176524149423, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1234095050309824825, code=themeColor, value=null, createTime=1772161295300, updateTime=1772161295300, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1234097176528343728, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1234095050309824825, code=themeStyle, value=null, createTime=1772161295301, updateTime=1772161295301, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015)])], journalTitle=中国环境科学, weixinUrl=null, journalUrl=http://www.zghjkx.com.cn/, iacademicId=null, status=1, seqNo=null, journalTitleEn=China Environmental Science, journalPhotoCn=fUkXgpzwRiw9vs+0dX4h8g==, journalPhotoEn=w8+EIm00c59F/qhCr1EFJw==, journalFirstLetter=C, journalRecommend=null, journalNew=null, journalCollection=null, jcrJf=null, cjcrJf=null, jcrJfStr=null, cjcrJfStr=null, submissionFirstDecision=null, sciSubjectClassification=null, casSubjectClassification=null, citeScore=null, totalCitationFrequency=null, icpCode=null, psCode=null, advertisingLicenseCode=null, copyrightInformation=null, country=null, option=, provinceCode=null, provinceName=null, collectFlag=false), detailUrlCn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/zghjkx/CN/Y2025/V45/I2/787, detailUrlEn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/zghjkx/EN/Y2025/V45/I2/787, pdfUrlCn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/zghjkx/CN/PDF/Y2025/V45/I2/787, pdfUrlEn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/zghjkx/EN/PDF/Y2025/V45/I2/787, aliStartDate=null, aliEndDate=null, collectionFlag=false, citedCount=null, citedUrl=null, reference=null)
收藏切换
连续流限氧主流Anammox生物膜脱氮性能及代谢机制
收藏切换
PDF下载
解舒婷 1 , 海岩 2 , 周鑫 2, *
中国环境科学 | 水污染与控制 2025,45(2): 787-794
收起
收藏切换
中国环境科学 | 水污染与控制 2025, 45(2): 787-794
连续流限氧主流Anammox生物膜脱氮性能及代谢机制
全屏
解舒婷1 , 海岩2, 周鑫2, *
作者信息
  • 1.山西工程科技职业大学设备工程学院,山西 晋中 030619
  • 2.太原理工大学环境与生态学院,山西省市政工程研究生教育创新中心,山西 晋中 030600
  • 解舒婷(1995-),女,山西运城人,副教授,博士,研究方向为城市污水生物脱氮除磷.发表论文10余篇. .

通讯作者:

*责任作者,教授,
Nitrogen removal performance and metabolic mechanism in a continuous-flow oxygen-limited mainstream anammox biofilm system
Shu-ting XIE1 , Yan HAI2, Xin ZHOU2, *
Affiliations
  • 1.School of Equipment Engineering, Shanxi Vocational University of Engineering Science and Technology, Jinzhong 030619, China
  • 2.Innovation Center for Postgraduate Education in Municipal Engineering of Shanxi, College of Environment and Ecology, Taiyuan University of Technology, Jinzhong 030600, China
出版时间: 2025-02-20
文章导航
收藏切换

低氨氮废水如何实现厌氧氨氧化(Anammox)是城市污水处理厂面临的重大挑战,因此本研究采用连续流限氧生物膜系统(DO:0.4~0.7mg/L),通过对不同进水碳氮比(C/N:2~5)条件控制,考察模拟生活污水主流Anammox系统脱氮效能.长期实验结果发现C/N比为3.5~4.5,TN去除率达85%以上;厌氧氨氧化菌活性(SAA)与系统脱氮效率呈正相关且C/N:4时SAA最高;C/N可显著影响生物膜EPS组分含量,C/N:4时,PN/PS最高,生物膜结构最稳定;宏全基因组分析发现Candidatus Kuenenia stuttgartiensisCandidatus Brocadia sinica是核心优势菌种.而完全氨氧化菌(Comammox)及异养反硝化等多种脱氮功能菌共同组成了系统微生态群落结构,氮代谢分析进一步揭示了短程反硝化功能基因(nar/nap)和厌氧氨氧化基因(HZShdh)参与了脱氮,进而保证了系统稳定高效的主流脱氮.研究结果有望为污水处理厂提供一种主流Anammox脱氮新工艺选择.

生物膜系统  /  主流厌氧氨氧化  /  脱氮性能  /  微生物群落  /  代谢机制

Achieving anaerobic ammonium oxidation (Anammox) in low ammonia nitrogen wastewater represents a significant challenge for municipal wastewater treatment plants. This study employed a mainstream Anammox continuous-flow oxygen-limited biofilm system (DO: 0.4~0.7mg/L) and investigated the nitrogen removal performance for treating simulated domestic sewage with low ammonia nitrogen content under different influent carbon-to-nitrogen (C/N) ratios (C/N: 2~5). Long-term experimental results indicated that a C/N ratio of 3.5~4.5 achieved over 85% total nitrogen (TN) removal efficiency. There was a positive correlation between activity of Anammox bacteria (SAA) and the nitrogen removal efficiency, with the highest SAA observed at a C/N ratio of 4. Additionally, the C/N ratio significantly influenced the extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) composition of the biofilm, with the highest protein-to-polysaccharide ratio (PN/PS) and most stable biofilm structure observed at C/N:4. Metagenomic analysis identified Candidatus Kuenenia stuttgartiensis and Candidatus Brocadia sinica as the dominant species, with relative abundances of 21.5% and 4.7%, respectively. A diverse microbial community, including complete ammonia oxidizers (Comammox), and heterotrophic denitrifiers, contributed to microbial community structure in the system. Nitrogen metabolic analysis further uncovered the involvement of partial denitrification genes (HZShdh) and Anammox genes (HZShdh) in nitrogen removal processes, thus ensuring stable and efficient mainstream nitrogen removal. Research findings are expected to provide a novel option of mainstream anammox-based nitrogen removal process for wastewater treatment plants.

biofilm system  /  mainstream anammox  /  nitrogen removal performance  /  microbial community  /  metabolic mechanism
解舒婷, 海岩, 周鑫. 连续流限氧主流Anammox生物膜脱氮性能及代谢机制. 中国环境科学, 2025 , 45 (2) : 787 -794 .
Shu-ting XIE, Yan HAI, Xin ZHOU. Nitrogen removal performance and metabolic mechanism in a continuous-flow oxygen-limited mainstream anammox biofilm system[J]. China Environmental Science, 2025 , 45 (2) : 787 -794 .
厌氧氨氧化(Anammox)因脱氮效率高、能耗低及碳减排等突出优势,被认为是未来污水处理最具应用前景的生物脱氮新技术[1].目前,高氨氮废水Anammox在工业化应用已趋近成熟,而对于城市污水处理,Anammox成功应用的工程案例屈指可数.据统计,在目前已经运行的约200个Anammox污水处理项目中,主流Anammox占比只有不到3%.2011年,奥地利Strass污水处理厂首次报道实现了主流Anammox[2].随后,Anammox在国内外低氨氮市政污水领域得到了极大的关注和研究[3].2016年,新加坡樟宜污水处理厂,采用五段A/O活性污泥法,发现了部分硝化-厌氧氨氧化(PN/A)主流脱氮[4];2019年,中国西安第四污水处理厂,在A2O工艺中缺氧段填料区发现了主流短程反硝化-厌氧氨氧化(PD/A)[5];2022年,中国贵州某污水厂采用复合生物膜反应器处理典型生活污水,实现了部分Anammox[6].
一般认为,Anammox属于严格厌氧型细菌,生长速率低、世代周期长,在传统好氧活性污泥系统中难以形成优势增长[7].前期研究表明:单级限氧运行的生物膜反应器,能够形成较稳定良好的缺氧/厌氧微环境,在不影响氨氧化过程的同时,高效固定富集Anammox微生物[8-9].
另外,Anammox发生需要无机自养环境,而我国城镇污水碳氮比(C/N)一般在3~5之间波动[10],远超Anammox理想生长的C/N范围(C/N<0.5)[11].较高C/N水质特性将会抑制Anammox生长活性和优势地位,进而成为阻碍主流Anammox实现的关键因素[12].因此,在城市污水较高C/N水质条件下如何保持Anammox高活性,进而实现主流Anammox脱氮仍需进一步研究.此外,COD的进入使得主流Anammox系统微生态群落组成及代谢路径变得更加复杂.
鉴于我国城市污水处理厂进水C/N平均值为3.3[13],本研究采用连续流限氧单级固定床生物膜反应器,处理模拟生活污水(C/N为2~5),考察在不同进水C/N条件下主流Anammox脱氮效果,并运用宏全基因组学技术揭示微生态群落结构及氮代谢路径.研究结果有助于从基因水平上深入理解核心功能菌群互作关系及协同脱氮机制,为城市污水处理厂主流Anammox工程化应用提供技术支撑.
实验采用有效容积约为5L的连续流生物膜反应器,内部填充尺寸25mm的正方体聚氨酯(PU)海绵填料,填充比为50%.反应器底部设有机械搅拌装置和曝气装置.整个反应器水温控制在28~30℃,反应器如图1所示.
进水采用人工模拟城市污水,进水NH4+-N和COD分别由NH4Cl和葡萄糖提供,碱度和磷源由NaHCO3和KH2PO4提供,同时1L进水中加入1mL微量元素,包含EDTA(5g/L),CoCl2⋅6H2O(0.15g/L),MnSO4(0.12g/L),NiCl2⋅6H2O(0.19g/L),ZnSO4⋅7H2O(0.12g/L),FeCl3(1.5g/L),CuSO4(0.03g/L),Na2MoO4(0.06g/L),Na2SeO3(0.17g/L)和H3BO4(0.015g/L),进水pH值在7.8左右.接种污泥取自本实验室主流Anammox-生物膜系统[9].
反应器在运行过程中,通过将气体质量流量计和电磁空气压缩机串联连接以实现精确低氧曝气.整个试验过程,溶解氧(DO)控制在约0.8mg/L,反应器HRT为24h.进水氨氮固定在50mg/L,通过调节COD(测量误差在5%以内)控制C/N.新鲜污水现用现配,每日分别在早、中、晚3次配水,以避免葡萄糖在进水桶中长时间停留而酸败.实验分为7个阶段,共运行180d,运行条件见表1.
出水水样通过0.45μm的滤膜过滤,COD、NH4+-N、NO2--N、NO3--N,采用HACH Lange比色皿试剂盒(HACH DR 1900,美国).TN为所有氮元素的总和.生物膜MLVSS采用重量法分析. pH值和DO通过便携式多参数水质分析仪(WTW Multi 3420,德国)监测.生物膜胞外聚合物(EPS)参考文献方法进行提取[15].EPS中多糖(PS)和蛋白质(PN)分别采用蒽酮-硫酸比色法和考马斯亮蓝比色法测定.
在第18d、第48d、第84d、第114d、第132d、第157d以及第180d从反应器中取出一定填料放入血清瓶.然后用磷酸盐缓冲溶液冲洗填料3次,每个血清瓶加入250mL准备好的配水.测定厌氧氨氧化活性(SAA),配水中20mg/L NH4Cl和30mg/LNaNO2,pH值控制在7.6,通入纯氮气(≥99.99%)吹扫20min去除水中的氧,将密封好的血清瓶置于30℃,150r/min恒温振荡器中反应2h,反应过程中定时采集出水水样.测定好氧氨氧化活性(OAA)配水中只添加20mg/L NH4Cl,测定过程血清瓶不密封.放入恒温振荡器,在30℃,150r/min的条件下反应2h;测定好氧亚硝酸盐氧化活性(ONA)配水中只添加20mg/LNaNO2,测定过程同上;测定缺氧反硝化活性(ADA)配水中只添加20mg/LNaNO3,同时加入60mg/L葡萄糖作为有机碳源,测定过程与SAA测定过程类似.各微生物活性指标计算如下:
式中:Ninf为活性测试开始时氨氮和亚硝酸盐氮浓度之和,mg/L;Neff为活性测试结束时氨氮和亚硝酸盐氮浓度之和,mg/L;T为活性测试反应时间,h;MLVSS为生物量浓度,g/L.
式中:[NH4+-N]inf为活性测试开始时氨氮的浓度,mg/L;[NH4+-N]eff为活性测试结束时氨氮的浓度,mg/L.
式中:[NO2--N]inf为活性测试开始时亚硝酸盐氮的浓度,mg/L;[NO2--N]eff为活性测试结束时亚硝酸盐氮的浓度,mg/L.
式中:[NO3--N]inf为活性测试开始时硝态氮的浓度,mg/L;[NO3--N]eff为活性测试结束时硝态氮的浓度,mg/L.
运行至第132d(C/N:4),使用E.Z.N.A™ Mag-Bind Soil DNA Kit对生物膜样品进行DNA提取.随后将提取的DNA样品进行片段化,构建双末端文库,使用Illumina Miseq高通量测序平台(上海生工)对样品进行宏全基因组测序.
反应器各阶段脱氮性能如图2表2所示.在第Ⅰ阶段(C/N为4),ARE和NRE分别达到98%以上和90%左右,出水NH4+-N和TN分别稳定在1mg/L和5mg/L以下.第Ⅱ阶段将C/N下调至3.5,在初始几天内出水NH4+-N和出水NO3--N迅速升高,而第30d以后,反应器开始明显恢复,在本阶段末期出水TN稳定在6mg/L左右,实现了优异的脱氮效果.在第Ⅲ阶段,继续将C/N调低至3,反应器出水呈现相似的变化趋势,在第60d时效果最差,此时NRE仅为80.2%,在本阶段末,ARE和NRE分别上升至96%及85%以上,出水TN稳定8mg/L以内,然而该阶段系统恢复时间较之上阶段略长.第Ⅳ阶段,C/N进一步下调至2,从图中可以看到,此时反应器脱氮效果迅速恶化,出水TN最高达到14mg/L以上,NRE最低至70%,尽管后期系统脱氮性能有所恢复,出水TN仍在10mg/L以上.为进一步探究系统对更高C/N运行下的脱氮响应,先将进水C/N恢复至4.
可以看到,系统ARE和NRE在短期内迅速恢复至95%和90%左右.当系统性能恢复时,将进水C/N提升至4.5(第Ⅵ阶段),此阶段处理效果ARE和NRE依旧稳定在94%和88%以上,出水TN稳定<6mg/L.第Ⅶ阶段将进水C/N进一步提高至5,在最初的几天,出水NH4+-N升高明显,不过反应器很快便适应了进水的高C/N,最终ARE和NRE分别稳定在91%和84%以上,出水TN可以维持在<8mg/L.后两个阶段系统脱氮效果的波动主要体现在出水NH4+-N短期内的小幅升高.
通常,采用传统硝化/反硝化法脱氮工艺,以葡萄糖作为碳源,若要获得较彻底的TN去除率,反硝化理想C/N需要在6以上[16].而本研究中,在C/N:3-4条件下,单级反应器即可实现83%以上的高脱氮率.分析原因可能是Anammox细菌被大量富集在生物膜载体上,且菌种丰度和活性很高,使得Anammox成为脱氮的主导反应.在运行至第132d(C/N为4),从反应器取出填料观察发现,载体上面覆盖着结构致密且厚实的生物膜并呈现出Anammox所特有的红褐色[17],证实了系统发生了显著的主流Anammox.在整个实验过程中始终未观察到明显的出水NO2--N积累现象,因此推测Anammox基质—NO2--N可能来源于短程反硝化过程[18].系统中进水的较高COD能够快速地被生物膜外层好氧区代谢或转化为内碳源,随后外源和内源COD在生物膜内层,驱动短程反硝化过程发生,导致亚硝酸盐积累[19].同时,生物膜内部处于厌氧区,生成的NO2--N立即与进水中的NH4+-N发生Anammox反应,进而实现TN的高效去除.本研究,在C/N为3.5~4.5,TN去除效率可达85%以上,出水NH4+-N小于5mg/L,TN小于8mg/L,远优于国家一级A及地方标准中氮排放要求.这证明了对于我国典型市政污水(C/N:3~4)水质,采用单级限氧生物膜系统通过高效主流Anammox实现深度脱氮是完全可行的而无须对COD单独预处理[20-21].
图3显示了不同C/N下各功能菌的活性.可以看出,在所有功能菌中厌氧氨氧化活性(SAA)最高,远高于反硝化活性(ADA),而且SAA与系统脱氮效率呈正相关,表明生物膜系统是以Anammox为主导的脱氮途径.在中高C/N下SAA更高,其中C/N为4时SAA最高,为C/N为2的2.3倍.随着C/N进一步增加,SAA出现下降趋势而ADA出现一定升高.过低C/N将不利于提供Anammox底物—亚硝酸盐及Anammox活性维持;而过高C/N会促使反硝化菌增殖过快,造成Anammox生长优势及活性被抑制[22],此外,硝化活性OAA和ONA均较高,且受C/N影响不大.这表明:在受试C/N范围内,硝化活性没有受到抑制,氨氮去除率均很高.
图4显示了最低C/N(2)、最佳C/N(4)及最高C/N(5)下的EPS组分及含量.由图可知,C/N能够显著影响生物膜EPS的组分含量.随着C/N升高,EPS总量呈现逐渐升高的趋势,C/N升高可以促进生物膜EPS分泌,从EPS组分看,C/N提高使得PS先上升后下降,而PN则相反,这表明在最高C/N下多糖(PS)被异养菌大量分解利用而蛋白质(PN)分泌增多用于抵抗C/N对Anammox的不良影响. PN/PS比值经常用于表征生物聚集体稳定性,PN/PS越高表示稳定性越差[23].可以看出,C/N为4时,PN/PS最低,与此条件下Anammox生物膜结构致密、稳定性良好的观察结果相一致(图2b).过低或过高的C/N使得生物膜发育不良或代谢过快,进而导致结构失稳.
对第132d(C/N:4)生物膜样品进行宏全基因组测序.图5(a)显示,在门水平,浮霉菌门(Planctomycetes)相对丰度最高,达45.7%.由于AnAOB隶属于Planctomycetes[24],表明系统主要是以Anammox为主导的生化过程.优势菌门还有变形菌门(Proteobacteria)、绿弯菌门(Chloroflexi)和酸杆菌门(Acidobacteria)等,这些微生物门中包括了大量不同种类的化能异养微生物,表明在一定有机物的进水条件下,系统中还存在大量具有COD降解的厌氧/兼性细菌.此外,硝化螺旋菌门(Nitrospirae)中主要包括亚硝酸盐氧化菌(NOB)及最近被报道的全程氨氧化菌(Comammox)[25],其在氨氧化过程中具有重要作用.
图5(b)属水平微生物群落构成可知,Candidatus KueneniaCandidatus Brocadia相对丰度占比分别高达21.5%和7.5%,是系统占据绝对优势的功能菌属,种水平(图5(c))进一步确认Candidatus Kuenenia stuttgartiensisCandidatus Brocadia sinica是系统最主要的Anammox菌种[26].而硝化菌中除了常规的Nitrosomonas sp.(AOB)和Nitrospira sp.(NOB),同时还包括Candidatus Nitrospira nitrosaCandidatus Nitrospira kreftiiNitrospira sp. SG-bin1Candidatus Nitrospira nitrificans以及Nitrospira sp. UW-LDO-01等Comammox[27].由于硝化螺菌属(Nitrospira)相对丰度远高于亚硝化单胞菌属(Nitrosomonas),因此可以断定Nitrospira中存在较多的Comammox[25].此外,具有反硝化功能的unclassified_Bacteria_genus、unclassified_Betaproteobacteria_genus、unclassified_Burkholderiales_genus、unclassified_Rhodocyclaceae_genus及unclassified_Rhodocyclales_genus等菌属[28-29]也被发现.表明在限氧条件下,生物膜内部能够建立较稳定的厌氧微环境.这些厌氧/兼性菌能够转化分解COD,对AnAOB生长环境的营造具有一定的促进作用.微生物群落分析结果证实了在单级生物膜系统中同时存在Comammox/Anammox自养微生物及兼性异养微生物,这也提供了主流Anammox在C/N为4发生的微生物学证据.
图6(a)采用KEGG对氮代谢功能基因进行了类型和丰度统计.与氨氮氧化有关的氨单加氧酶(AMO)、羟胺氧化还原酶(HAO)及亚硝酸盐氧化还原酶(nxrA/B)均被检测到.由于系统中存在Comammox,而Comammox的AMO与传统氨氧化菌(AOB)的AMO不同,因此无法被注释到[30].此外,硝酸盐还原酶(nar/nap)的相对丰度远高于亚硝酸盐还原酶(nirS/KnorB/CnosZ),这表明短程反硝化(NO3--N还原为NO2--N)在硝酸盐还原过程占据主导地位,这也印证了短程反硝化是NO2-N积累的途径之一.此外,与Anammox相关的核心功能基因(HZShdh)也被发现[31].由于Anammox基因相对丰度远高于反硝化基因(norB/CnosZ),可以推断短程反硝化/Anammox是系统主要脱氮途径.在此基础上,提出了基于宏基因组学的氮代谢路径(图6(b)).
微生物组学证实了Comammox/Anammox耦合脱氮过程,对于我国城市污水处理厂主流脱氮工艺路线的选择具有重要的借鉴和指导意义.我国城市污水进水C/N平均约为3.5,属于中等偏低C/N,不利于传统硝化/反硝化彻底脱氮,而有利于Anammox发生.低DO生物膜反应器为Comammox/Anammox共存提供了理想的生长条件[32].在生物膜外部形成的微好氧环境,有利于Comammox富集,而生物膜中部及内部由于传氧限制,形成较稳定的缺氧/厌氧微环境,进而容易发生短程反硝化/厌氧氨氧化.通过Comammox/Anammox共存协作,保证了在单一生物膜系统中获得氮的深度脱除,将为城市污水处理厂实现超低出水TN排放、节能降耗及碳减排提供了极大的可能性.
3.1 单级限氧生物膜系统实现主流Anammox是完全可行的,C/N比处于3.5~4.5,TN去除率可达85%以上,出水TN小于8mg/L.
3.2 SAA与系统脱氮效率呈正相关且在C/N为4时SAA最高,过低或过高C/N都会使Anammox活性受到抑制.
3.3 C/N可显著影响生物膜EPS组分含量,当C/N为4时,PN/PS最高,生物膜结构最稳定.
3.4 宏全基因组学证实了Anammox、Comammox及异养反硝化等脱氮功能菌共存,氮功能基因代谢发现了全程硝化/短程反硝化/厌氧氨氧化脱氮途径.
3.5 Comammox/Anammox共存合作有望为污水处理厂提供一种主流生物脱氮新思路.
  • 国家自然科学基金资助项目(21607111)
  • 山西省专利转化计划资助项目(202401011)
  • 山西省基础研究计划项目(202303021212309)
  • 松辽流域水环境教育部重点实验室开放课题(JLJUSLKF042024007)
参考文献 引证文献
排序方式:
[1]
Zhang MWang SJi B,et al. Towards mainstream deammonification of municipal wastewater: Partial nitrification-anammox versus partial denitrification-anammox [J]. Science of the Total Environment2019692:393-401.
[2]
Wett BPodmirseg S MGómez-Brandón,et al. Expanding DEMON sidestream deammonification technology towards mainstream application [J]. Water Environment Research201587(12):2084-2089.
[3]
Lackner SGilbert E MVlaeminck S E,et al. Full-scale partial nitritation/anammox experiences-an application survey [J]. Water Research201455:292-303.
[4]
Cao YKwok B HLoosdrecht Van,et al. The influence of dissolved oxygen on partial nitritation/anammox performance and microbial community of the 200,000m3/d activated sludge process at the Changi water reclamation plant (2011 to 2016) [J]. Water Science and Technology201878(3):634-643.
[5]
Wang Z BLiu X LBu C N,et al. Microbial diversity reveals the partial denitrification-anammox process serves as a new pathway in the first mainstream anammox plant [J]. Science of the Total Environment2021764,142917.
[6]
Hou FZhang TPeng Y,et al. Partial anammox achieved in full scale biofilm process for typical domestic wastewater treatment [J]. Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering202216:1-7.
[7]
Ni SLee PFessehaie A,et al. Enrichment and biofilm formation of Anammox bacteria in a non-woven membrane reactor [J]. Bioresource technology2010101(6):1792-1799.
[8]
谢弘超,王晓东,王伟刚,等. 曝气策略调控CANON工艺降温降基质稳定运行[J]. 中国环境科学201939(7):2781-2788.
Xie HWang XWang W,et al. Stable operation of CANON system during temperature and substrate decreasing process via aerobic regime adjustment [J]. China Environmental Science201939(7):2781-2788.
[9]
Zhu ZZhang LLi X,et al. Robust nitrogen removal from municipal wastewater by partial nitrification anammox at ultra-low dissolved oxygen in a pure biofilm system [J]. Bioresource Technology2023369,128453.
[10]
解舒婷. 限氧同步硝化反硝化除磷(SNDPR)系统处理低碳氮比污水研究[D]. 西安:长安大学,2022.
XIE S. Study on treatment of low carbon/nitrogen ratio wastewater by limited oxygen simultaneous nitrification and denitrification phosphorus removal (SNDPR) system [D]. Xi’an: Chang’an University,2022.
[11]
Xu GZhou YYang Q,et al. The challenges of mainstream deammonification process for municipal used water treatment [J]. Applied microbiology and biotechnology201599:2485-2490.
[12]
Trinh HLee SJeong G,et al. Recent developments of the mainstream anammox processes: challenges and opportunities [J]. Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering20219(4):105583.
[13]
Cao YTang JHenze M,et al. The leakage of sewer systems and the impact on the‘black and odorous water bodies’and WWTPs in China[J]. Water Science and Technology201979(2):334-341.
[14]
Li XWang GChen J,et al. Deciphering the concurrence of comammox,partial denitrification and anammox in a single low-oxygen mainstream nitrogen removal reactor [J]. Chemosphere2022305:135409.
[15]
Miao LWang SCao T,et al. Advanced nitrogen removal from landfill leachate via Anammox system based on Sequencing Biofilm Batch Reactor (SBBR): Effective protection of biofilm [J]. Bioresource Technology2016220:8-16.
[16]
Xu ZDai XChai X. Effect of different carbon sources on denitrification performance,microbial community structure and denitrification genes [J]. Science of the Total Environment2018634:195-204.
[17]
Jetten MNiftrik VStrous M,et al. Biochemistry and molecular biology of anammox bacteria [J]. Critical reviews in biochemistry and molecular biology200944(2/3):65-84.
[18]
Du RPeng YJi J,et al. Partial denitrification providing nitrite: Opportunities of extending application for anammox [J]. Environment International2019131,105001.
[19]
Peng ZZhang QLi X,et al. Exploring and comparing the impacts of low temperature to endogenous and exogenous partial denitrification: the nitrite supply,transcription mechanism,and microbial dynamics[J]. Bioresource Technology2023370,128568.
[20]
Wan JGu JZhao Q,et al. COD capture: a feasible option towards energy self-sufficient domestic wastewater treatment [J]. Scientific reports20166(1),25054.
[21]
Zhang YDeng JXiao X,et al. Insights on pretreatment technologies for partial nitrification/anammox processes: A critical review and future perspectives [J]. Bioresource Technology2023384,129351.
[22]
Chen JHai YZhang W,et al. Insights into deterioration and reactivation of a mainstream anammox biofilm reactor response to C/N ratio [J]. Journal of Environmental Management2022320,115780.
[23]
Miao LZhang QWang S,et al. Characterization of EPS compositions and microbial community in an Anammox SBBR system treating landfill leachate [J]. Bioresource Technology2018249,108-116.
[24]
Fuerst JSagulenko E. Beyond the bacterium: Planctomycetes challenge our concepts of microbial structure and function [J]. Nature Reviews Microbiology20119(6):403-413.
[25]
Daims HLebedeva EPjevac P,et al. Complete nitrification by Nitrospira bacteria [J]. Nature2015528(7583):504-509.
[26]
Wang JYan XZhuang J,et al. Meta-Omics analysis of a formate sidestream-mediated partial nitritation-coupled anammox process [J]. ACS ES&T Water20233(2):510-519.
[27]
Zhu GWang XWang S,et al. Towards a more labor-saving way in microbial ammonium oxidation: a review on complete ammonia oxidization (comammox) [J]. Science of the Total Environment2022829,154590.
[28]
Kim DHan HYun TSong,et al. Identification of nosZ-expressing microorganisms consuming trace N2O in microaerobic chemostat consortia dominated by an uncultured Burkholderiales [J]. The ISME Journal202216(9):2087-2098.
[29]
Sun HShi WCai C,et al. Responses of microbial structures,functions,metabolic pathways and community interactions to different C/N ratios in aerobic nitrification [J]. Bioresource Technology2020311,123422.
[30]
Wang MHuang GZhao Z,et al. Newly designed primer pair revealed dominant and diverse comammox amoA gene in full-scale wastewater treatment plants [J]. Bioresource Technology2018270:580-587.
[31]
Wang YMa XZhou S,et al. Expression of the nirS,hzsA,and hdh genes in response to nitrite shock and recovery in Candidatus Kuenenia stuttgartiensis [J]. Environmental Science & Technology201650(13):6940-6947.
[32]
Li, XWang, GChen, J,et al. Deciphering the concurrence of comammox,partial denitrification and anammox in a single low-oxygen mainstream nitrogen removal reactor [J]. Chemosphere2022305,135409.
2025年第45卷第2期
PDF下载
76
36
引用本文
BibTeX
文章信息
  • 接收时间:2024-07-14
  • 首发时间:2026-03-17
  • 出版时间:2025-02-20
补充材料
相关文章
文章信息
作者
出版历史
  • 收稿日期:2024-07-14
基金
国家自然科学基金资助项目(21607111)
山西省专利转化计划资助项目(202401011)
山西省基础研究计划项目(202303021212309)
松辽流域水环境教育部重点实验室开放课题(JLJUSLKF042024007)
作者信息
    1.山西工程科技职业大学设备工程学院,山西 晋中 030619
    2.太原理工大学环境与生态学院,山西省市政工程研究生教育创新中心,山西 晋中 030600

通讯作者:

*责任作者,教授,
参考文献
分享链接
https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/zghjkx/CN/1240689594946089611
分享至
全文二维码

扫描看全文

引用本文
BibTeX
本文的引用情况
2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
关闭全屏